IMO 2013 Shortlist C7

Let n ě 2 be an integer. Consider all circular arrangements of the numbers 0,1,...,n; the n 1 rotations of an arrangemen...

IMO 2013 Shortlist C7

Category: Combinatorics

Problem

Let n ě 2 be an integer. Consider all circular arrangements of the numbers 0,1,...,n; the n 1 rotations of an arrangement are considered to be equal. A circular arrangement is called beautiful if, for any four distinct numbers 0 ď a,b,c,d ď n with a c “ b d, the chord joining numbers a and c does not intersect the chord joining numbers b and d. Let M be the number of beautiful arrangements of 0,1,...,n. Let N be the number of pairs px,yq of positive integers such that x y ď n and gcdpx,yq “ 1. Prove that M “ N ` 1. (Russia)