Pinyin
Pinyin (拼音, pīnyīn, literally "spell sound") is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese (Putonghua). It was developed in the 1950s and adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1958. Pinyin uses the Latin alphabet plus four diacritic marks for tones, and one special letter (ü). Pinyin is how Chinese is typed on computers and phones, how words appear in dictionaries, and how children in China learn to read...