Lesson 15: A1 Review and Consolidation

A comprehensive review of all A1 grammar, 100 essential vocabulary words, key survival phrases, and guidance on the path to A2.

esperantoa1lesson

Overview

Congratulations — you have reached the end of the A1 level! This lesson contains no new grammar. Instead, it consolidates everything you have learned across all 15 lessons: every grammatical ending, the core suffixes, the most essential vocabulary, and the key phrases you need for basic survival communication in Esperanto. Use this lesson as a reference page, a self-test, and a launching pad toward A2.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this review lesson you will be able to:

  • Recall and correctly apply all fundamental Esperanto word endings.
  • Recognise and use the core A1 suffixes and prefixes.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of approximately 100 essential A1 vocabulary items.
  • Use key survival phrases for greetings, shopping, directions, health, and daily life.
  • Identify what grammar and vocabulary awaits you at A2 level.

Grammar Summary: All A1 Endings

Core Word Endings

Every Esperanto word ends in a grammatical suffix that tells you its part of speech. Mastering these is the foundation of the language.

Ending Part of Speech Meaning / Use Example
-o noun a thing / person / concept libro (book), homo (person)
-a adjective describes a noun bela (beautiful), granda (big)
-e adverb describes a verb or situation bone (well), rapide (quickly)
-i verb (infinitive) the base "to ..." form paroli (to speak), iri (to go)
-as verb (present tense) action happening now / habitually parolas (speaks / is speaking)
-is verb (past tense) action that happened parolis (spoke)
-os verb (future tense) action that will happen parolos (will speak)
-us verb (conditional) would ... (if ...) parolus (would speak)
-u verb (imperative/jussive) command or wish parolu! (speak!)
-j plural marker more than one (added to -o or -a) libroj (books), belaj (beautiful, pl.)
-n accusative marker direct object of a verb Mi havas libron. (I have a book.)

Combined Endings

Combination Meaning Example
-ojn plural accusative noun Mi vidas hundojn. (I see dogs.)
-ajn plural accusative adjective grandajn hundojn (big dogs, acc.)
-jen accusative of place correlative Ni iras tien. (We go there.)

Core Suffixes Learned at A1

Suffix Meaning Example
-ist- person who practises/specialises kuracisto (doctor), muzikisto (musician)
-in- feminine patrino (mother), fratino (sister)
-et- small / diminutive libreto (little book), varmetа (warmish)
-eg- large / augmentative librego (huge book), varmega (very hot)
-ad- continuous / habitual action kantadi (to keep singing), legado (reading)
-iĝ- to become / change of state vekiĝi (to wake up), vestiĝi (to get dressed)
-ig- to make / cause to become varmigi (to warm up s.t.), lacigi (to tire)
-ej- place for lernejo (school), kuirejo (kitchen)
-aĵ- thing made of / concrete thing manĝaĵo (food), trinkaĵo (drink)

Core Prefixes Learned at A1

Prefix Meaning Example
mal- opposite malvarma (cold), malproksime (far)
re- again / back reveni (to come back), relegi (to reread)
mis- wrongly miskompreni (to misunderstand)
eks- former / ex- eksdentisto (former dentist)
ge- both genders gepatroj (parents — father and mother)

A1 Correlative Table

Esperanto's correlatives form a complete 5×9 system. At A1, master these rows:

Root ki- (question) ti- (that) i- (some) ĉi- (every) neni- (no)
-o (thing) kio (what) tio (that) io (something) ĉio (everything) nenio (nothing)
-u (which) kiu (who/which) tiu (that one) iu (someone) ĉiu (everyone) neniu (no one)
-a (what kind) kia (what kind) tia (that kind) ia (some kind) ĉia (every kind) nenia (no kind)
-e (where) kie (where) tie (there) ie (somewhere) ĉie (everywhere) nenie (nowhere)
-am (when) kiam (when) tiam (then) iam (sometime) ĉiam (always) neniam (never)
-om (how much) kiom (how much) tiom (that much) iom (some) ĉiom (all of it) neniom (none)
-al (why) kial (why) tial (therefore) ial (for some reason) ĉial (for all reasons) nenial (for no reason)
-el (how) kiel (how) tiel (thus/so) iel (somehow) ĉiel (in every way) neniel (in no way)

100 Essential A1 Vocabulary Words

People and Relationships

# Esperanto English
1 homo person / human
2 viro man
3 virino woman
4 infano child
5 patro father
6 patrino mother
7 frato brother
8 fratino sister
9 amiko friend (m.)
10 amikino friend (f.)

Greetings and Basic Interaction

# Esperanto English
11 saluton hello
12 ĝis la revido goodbye
13 bonvolu please
14 dankon thank you
15 pardonu excuse me / sorry
16 jes yes
17 ne no
18 bone good / okay
19 kompreneble of course
20 mi ne komprenas I don't understand

Numbers and Time

# Esperanto English
21 unu–dek one to ten
22 horo hour
23 tago day
24 semajno week
25 monato month
26 jaro year
27 hodiaŭ today
28 hieraŭ yesterday
29 morgaŭ tomorrow
30 nun now

Food and Drink

# Esperanto English
31 pano bread
32 akvo water
33 kafo coffee
34 teo tea
35 lakto milk
36 viando meat
37 fiŝo fish
38 legomo vegetable
39 frukto fruit
40 pomo apple

Home and Places

# Esperanto English
41 domo house
42 ĉambro room
43 kuirejo kitchen
44 lito bed
45 tablo table
46 urbo city
47 strato street
48 lernejo school
49 laboro work
50 parko park

Body and Health

# Esperanto English
51 kapo head
52 mano hand
53 okulo eye
54 buŝo mouth
55 koro heart
56 malsana sick
57 sana healthy
58 doloro pain
59 kuracisto doctor
60 medikamento medicine

Colours and Descriptions

# Esperanto English
61 ruĝa red
62 blua blue
63 verda green
64 flava yellow
65 blanka white
66 nigra black
67 granda big
68 malgranda small
69 bela beautiful
70 nova new

Weather and Nature

# Esperanto English
71 suno sun
72 pluvo rain
73 neĝo snow
74 varma warm
75 malvarma cold
76 printempo spring
77 somero summer
78 aŭtuno autumn
79 vintro winter
80 vetero weather

Transport and Movement

# Esperanto English
81 iri to go
82 veni to come
83 aŭto car
84 trajno train
85 buso bus
86 piede on foot
87 maldekstre to the left
88 dekstre to the right
89 rekte straight ahead
90 proksime nearby

Everyday Verbs

# Esperanto English
91 paroli to speak
92 aĉeti to buy
93 manĝi to eat
94 trinki to drink
95 legi to read
96 skribi to write
97 labori to work
98 dormi to sleep
99 vekiĝi to wake up
100 ŝati to like

Key Survival Phrases

These are the phrases you need to function in any Esperanto environment — at a congress, online, or in conversation with a native speaker.

Greetings and Politeness

Esperanto English
Saluton! Kiel vi fartas? Hello! How are you?
Mi fartas bone, dankon. Kaj vi? I am fine, thank you. And you?
Ĝis la revido! / Ĝis! Goodbye! / See you!
Bonvolu ripeti. Please repeat.
Ĉu vi parolas pli malrapide? Could you speak more slowly?
Mi ne komprenas. I don't understand.
Kion signifas tiu vorto? What does that word mean?
Pardonu min. Excuse me / I'm sorry.

Introducing Yourself

Esperanto English
Mia nomo estas... My name is...
Mi venas de... I come from...
Mi loĝas en... I live in...
Mi lernas Esperanton ekde... I have been learning Esperanto since...
Mi estas komencanto. I am a beginner.

Shopping

Esperanto English
Kiom kostas tio? How much does that cost?
Ĝi kostas... eŭrojn. It costs... euros.
Mi aĉetas tion. I'll buy that.
Ĉu vi akceptas karton? Do you accept cards?
Jen la mono. Here is the money.

Directions and Transport

Esperanto English
Kie estas...? Where is...?
Kiel mi iras al...? How do I get to...?
Iru rekte, poste turnu... Go straight, then turn...
Kiom da tempo daŭras? How long does it take?
Je kioma horo foriras la trajno? What time does the train leave?

Health Emergencies

Esperanto English
Bonvolu helpi min! Please help me!
Mi bezonas kuraciston. I need a doctor.
Doloras al mi la... My ... hurts.
Mi sentas min malsana. I feel sick.
Kie estas la plej proksima apoteko? Where is the nearest pharmacy?

What Comes Next: The A2 Path

At A2 level, you will build on everything learned here. Here is a preview of what awaits:

New Grammar at A2

Topic Preview
Past and future tenses deeper practice: Mi iris, mi iros
Conditional mood (-us) Se mi havus monon, mi vojaĝus.
Participles (-ant-, -int-, -ont-) la kantanta birdo (the singing bird)
Passive voice (-at-, -it-, -ot-) La libro estas skribita.
More correlatives kial, tial, kiel, tiel, kiom, tiom
Subordinate clauses ke, se, dum, ĝis, kvankam
Prepositions in depth ĉe, sub, super, tra, ekster, inter
Accusative of direction Mi iras Parizon. (I go to Paris.)

New Vocabulary Areas at A2

  • Work and career
  • Education and learning
  • Technology and media
  • Travel and accommodation (in depth)
  • Emotions and personality
  • Abstract nouns and concepts
Resource What It Is
Lernu.net Free online Esperanto learning platform with courses and community
Duolingo Esperanto Gamified Esperanto course for daily practice
Ana Pana (beginner book) Classic illustrated Esperanto reader for beginners
Ekparolu! Communicative Esperanto textbook
Amikumu App to find Esperanto speakers near you
Pasporta Servo Global network of Esperanto hosts for travellers
Universala Kongreso Annual world congress — the biggest Esperanto event

A1 Achievement Checklist

Use this checklist to confirm you have mastered A1 Esperanto. Tick each item when you feel confident:

  • I can greet people and introduce myself.
  • I can count to 1000 and use numbers in context.
  • I can describe my family and relationships.
  • I can talk about daily routines and time.
  • I can name foods and describe meals.
  • I can describe my home and surroundings.
  • I can ask for and give directions.
  • I can shop and ask about prices.
  • I can talk about the weather and seasons.
  • I can discuss hobbies and free time.
  • I can describe basic health symptoms and visit a doctor.
  • I can use the present, past, and future verb endings.
  • I can form plurals with -j and accusatives with -n.
  • I can use the suffixes: -ist-, -in-, -et-, -eg-, -ad-, -iĝ-, -ig-, -ej-.
  • I can use the prefix mal- for opposites.
  • I can navigate a basic conversation in Esperanto.

Cultural Note

You Are Now Part of Something Remarkable

By reaching A1 in Esperanto, you have joined a global community of over one million speakers — people from every country, every background, every age. Unlike speakers of national languages, every single Esperantist chose to learn it. That shared choice creates a unique culture of openness, mutual respect, and genuine curiosity. The Esperanto community has a saying: "Esperanto estas ponto inter homoj" — Esperanto is a bridge between people. At A1, you have just stepped onto that bridge. The other side — fluency, friendship, and a lifetime of international connection — is ahead. Antaŭen! (Forward!)