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喝 (hē) — to drink
喝 (hē) 喝 is the verb for drinking any kind of liquid. It is the counterpart to 吃 (chī, to eat) in everyday conversation about food and beverages. Meanings [verb] To drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶还是喝咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì hē kāfēi? Do you drink tea or coffee? 我每天早上喝一杯水。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang hē yī bēi shuǐ. I drink a glass of water every morning. 天气很热，多喝水。 Tiānqì hěn rè, duō hē shuǐ....
谁 (shuí / shéi) — who
谁 (shuí / shéi) The interrogative pronoun meaning "who," used to ask about a person's identity; it can appear in any position where a noun referring to a person would appear. Both pronunciations shuí and shéi are standard and interchangeable. Meanings [pronoun] Who (subject or object in a question). [pronoun] Whoever (in a relative or conditional sense: 谁…谁…). Example Sentences 你是谁？ Nǐ shì shuí? Who are you? 门口站着的那个人是谁？ Ménkǒu zhànzhe...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) 面条 means noodles. 面 means flour or dough and 条 is the measure word for long, thin, strip-shaped items. Together they describe strips of dough: noodles. A beloved and essential Chinese food. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Example Sentences 我中午想吃面条。 Wǒ zhōngwǔ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles at noon. 妈妈做的面条很好吃。 Māma zuò de miàntiáo hěn hǎochī. The noodles mom makes are delicious. 他每天早上都吃面条。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu...
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) — how are you?
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) 你好吗 is a greeting phrase meaning "how are you?" or literally "are you well?" It is the standard question for asking about someone's current wellbeing. Meanings [phrase] How are you? Are you well? (Asking about someone's health or general state.) Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！你呢？ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! Nǐ ne? A: How are you? B: I am doing well,...
迟到 (chídào) — to be late; to arrive late
迟到 (chídào) 迟到 is a verb-object compound: 迟 (chí) means "late/slow" and 到 (dào) means "to arrive." Together they express arriving or showing up after the expected time. Because it is a verb-object compound, time expressions and 了 attach after the whole word. Meanings [verb] To be late; to arrive late. Used for being late to a scheduled event, class, meeting, or appointment. Example Sentences 对不起，我迟到了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le....
Lesson 7: Shopping & Bargaining
Overview Whether you are in a street market, a mall, or a small shop, knowing how to discuss prices and negotiate in Chinese opens up a huge range of everyday interactions. This lesson covers the key vocabulary for shopping, how to bargain politely, express that something is too expensive, and handle exchanges or refunds. Learning Objectives Ask for prices and express reactions with 太贵了 Negotiate using 能不能便宜一点 and 打折 Understand...
国家 (guójiā) — country, nation
国家 (guójiā) 国家 means country or nation. 国 means "country/state" and 家 means "home/family," together conveying the idea of a nation as a collective home. Meanings [noun] Country, nation, state. Example Sentences 你的国家在哪里？ Nǐ de guójiā zài nǎlǐ? Where is your country? 中国是一个大国家。 Zhōngguó shì yīgè dà guójiā. China is a large country. 每个国家都有自己的文化。 Měigè guójiā dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà. Every country has its own culture. 他来自一个很小的国家。 Tā láizì...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing; stuff
东西 (dōngxi) 东西 literally combines East (东) and West (西) but in everyday Mandarin it simply means "thing" or "stuff." It is the go-to word for any physical object when you do not know or need to specify its exact name. Note the neutral tone on 西 in this compound: dōngxi, not dōngxī. Meanings [noun] Thing; stuff; object. Refers to any concrete item or possession. Example Sentences 你买了什么东西？ Nǐ mǎi...
开 (kāi) — to open / to turn on
开 (kāi) A versatile verb meaning "to open," "to turn on" (a device or light), and "to drive" (a vehicle). It covers the general idea of activating or opening something. Its antonym is 关 (guān), meaning "to close" or "to turn off." Meanings [verb] To open (a door, window, a book). [verb] To turn on (a light, TV, appliance). [verb] To drive (a car, vehicle). Example Sentences 请开门。 Qǐng kāi...
问 (wèn) — to ask
问 (wèn) A verb meaning "to ask" or "to inquire." It is used when seeking information or posing a question. Its counterpart is 回答 (huídá), meaning "to answer." Together 问 and 回答 form the basic question-answer pair in conversation. Meanings [verb] To ask, to inquire, to question. Example Sentences 我想问你一个问题。 Wǒ xiǎng wèn nǐ yīgè wèntí. I want to ask you a question. 请问，这里有厕所吗？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu cèsuǒ ma? Excuse...
和 (hé) — and; with
和 (hé) 和 is a conjunction meaning "and" or "with." It links nouns, pronouns, and noun phrases together. Meanings [conjunction] And (connecting two nouns or noun phrases). [preposition] With; together with (indicating accompaniment or relationship). Example Sentences 我和你一起去。 Wǒ hé nǐ yīqǐ qù. I will go together with you. 桌子上有书和笔。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu shū hé bǐ. There are books and pens on the table. 他和我是朋友。 Tā hé wǒ shì péngyou....
Lesson 6: At the Restaurant
Overview Eating out is a daily activity in China, and restaurants are one of the first real-world contexts where Chinese learners need to communicate confidently. This lesson covers how to get a server's attention, order dishes, ask about ingredients, make special requests, and pay the bill. The patterns here are high-frequency and immediately useful. Learning Objectives Use 给我 + Noun to order food and make requests Ask for permission or...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree, to consent
同意 (tóngyì) Means to agree with an opinion, or to consent to a request or plan. It can be used with a person (agree with someone) or with a proposal (agree to something). Meanings [verb] To agree, to consent, to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 他不同意这个计划。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège jìhuà. He does not agree with this plan. 你同意还是不同意？ Nǐ tóngyì...
Lesson 11: Home & Living
Overview Talking about where you live and what your home is like is fundamental conversation territory. This lesson covers vocabulary for rooms and household spaces, the structure for describing location within a space, and the practical vocabulary for renting, moving, and discussing living arrangements in a Chinese-speaking context. Learning Objectives Use 住在 + place to describe where you live Describe what is inside a space with 房间里有... Use room and...
有名 (yǒumíng) — famous; well-known
有名 (yǒumíng) 有名 is an adjective meaning famous or well-known. It is not a verb, so do not use it with a direct object. Say 他很有名 (he is very famous), not *他有名了某人. Scope can be specified with 在…很有名 (famous in/among…) or 全国有名 (nationally famous). Meanings [adj] Famous; well-known — recognized by many people. [adj] Renowned; celebrated — having a strong positive reputation in a field or area. Example Sentences 这位歌手非常有名。...
短 (duǎn) — short (in length)
短 (duǎn) An adjective meaning "short" in length or duration. It is used for physical dimensions (a short rope) and time (a short period). Its antonym is 长 (cháng), meaning "long." Do not confuse with 矮 (ǎi), which means short in height (of a person). Meanings [adjective] Short (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条裙子太短了。 Zhè tiáo qúnzi tài duǎn le. This skirt is too short. 他的头发很短。 Tā...
九 (jiǔ) — nine
九 (jiǔ) The number nine; 九 sounds like 久 (jiǔ, long-lasting), making it a symbol of longevity and permanence in Chinese culture. The Forbidden City has 9,999 rooms, and the emperor wore robes adorned with nine dragons. Meanings [number] Nine, the digit 9. Example Sentences 我昨晚工作到九点。 Wǒ zuówǎn gōngzuò dào jiǔ diǎn. I worked until nine o'clock last night. 他九岁的时候来到中国。 Tā jiǔ suì de shíhou lái dào Zhōngguó. He came...
努力 (nǔlì) — work hard; diligent; effort
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 is a versatile word used as a verb (to work hard), adjective (diligent), or noun (effort). As a verb it often precedes another verb to show the manner of action: 努力学习 (study hard). As a noun it appears after 付出 (put in effort) or 经过 (through effort). Meanings [v/adj] Work hard; be diligent — exert great effort toward a goal. [n] Effort; hard work — the energy...
让 (ràng) — let, make, allow
让 (ràng) A pivotal verb used in the pattern 让 + person + verb, meaning "let someone do" or "make someone do." It can express permission, request, or causation. In informal speech it also functions as a passive marker meaning "by." Meanings [verb] To let, to allow (someone to do something). [verb] To make, to cause (someone to do or feel something). [verb] To yield, to give way to someone....
五 (wǔ) — five
五 (wǔ) The number five; in Chinese culture, 五 is associated with the five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water) and is generally considered a neutral or positive number. Meanings [number] Five, the digit 5. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时，工作五个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí, gōngzuò wǔ gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours and work five hours every day. 五月是我最喜欢的月份。 Wǔ yuè shì wǒ zuì xǐhuan de yuèfèn. May is my...
用 (yòng) — to use, using, with
用 (yòng) As a verb it means to use or to employ something. As a preposition it introduces the instrument or method, similar to "with" or "using." It is one of the most common and versatile words in Mandarin. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ. [prep] With, by means of, using. Example Sentences 我用筷子吃饭。 Wǒ yòng kuàizi chīfàn. I eat with chopsticks. 你可以用我的手机。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng wǒ de shǒujī. You...
问题 (wèntí) — question / problem
问题 (wèntí) A noun with two important uses. It means both "question" (something you ask) and "problem" (something that needs solving). Context makes the meaning clear. In a classroom, 有问题吗 means "any questions?" In daily life, 有问题 means "there is a problem." Meanings [noun] Question, inquiry. [noun] Problem, issue, difficulty. Example Sentences 老师，我有一个问题。 Lǎoshī, wǒ yǒu yīgè wèntí. Teacher, I have a question. 这道题的问题在哪里？ Zhè dào tí de wèntí zài...
个 (gè) — general measure word
个 (gè) The most common and versatile measure word in Chinese. 个 is used as a general classifier for people and a wide variety of objects. When unsure which measure word to use, 个 is often the safest default, though using the correct specific measure word is more natural. Meanings [measure word] General classifier. Used with people, round or general objects, and many abstract concepts. What 个 counts 个 is...
件 (jiàn) — measure word for clothing and matters
件 (jiàn) A measure word used for individual items of clothing (typically upper-body garments) and for matters or events. 件 is one of the most important clothing classifiers. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for garments, especially tops, jackets, and shirts. [measure word] Classifier for matters, affairs, or events. What 件 counts 件 is used with: 衣服 (yīfu): clothing — 一件衣服 (one item of clothing) 上衣 (shàngyī): top/jacket — 一件上衣 (one top)...
帅 (shuài) — handsome
帅 (shuài) An adjective meaning handsome or cool, most commonly used to describe men. In casual modern Chinese, it is also used to express that something looks stylish or impressive. Meanings [adjective] Handsome, good-looking (typically for men). [adjective] Cool, stylish, impressive (informal, modern usage). Example Sentences 那个男生真帅！ Nàge nánshēng zhēn shuài! That guy is really handsome! 你今天穿这件衣服很帅。 Nǐ jīntiān chuān zhè jiàn yīfu hěn shuài. You look very stylish in...
白 (bái) — white; in vain
白 (bái) 白 primarily means the color white. In everyday speech it also carries the extended meaning of "in vain," "for nothing," or "free of charge," which gives it more range than a simple color word. Meanings [adjective] White (color). Describes the appearance of objects. [adverb] In vain; without result; for nothing. Used before a verb to say the action produced no useful outcome. Example Sentences 她穿着一件白衬衫。 Tā chuānzhe yī...
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming
游泳 (yóuyǒng) A verb-object compound meaning to swim. Also used as a noun to refer to the sport or activity of swimming. The object 泳 (the swimming stroke/motion) is inseparable in most common uses. Meanings [verb] To swim. [noun] Swimming (as an activity or sport). Example Sentences 他每天早上去游泳。 Tā měi tiān zǎoshang qù yóuyǒng. He goes swimming every morning. 你会游泳吗？ Nǐ huì yóuyǒng ma? Can you swim? 游泳对身体很好。 Yóuyǒng duì...
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) — hotel
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) 宾馆 is the standard Mandarin word for a hotel or guesthouse. It is used for mid-range to upscale accommodations. Related words: 酒店 (jiǔdiàn) is also common for hotel, and 旅馆 (lǚguǎn) refers to a smaller, more basic inn. Meanings [noun] Hotel; guesthouse. A place that provides lodging for paying guests. Example Sentences 我住在市中心的一家宾馆里。 Wǒ zhù zài shì zhōngxīn de yī jiā bīnguǎn lǐ. I am staying at a...
写完 (xiě wán) — to finish writing
写完 (xiě wán) 写完 is a verb + result complement. 写 means "to write" and 完 is the result complement meaning "finished / done completely." Together they mean writing has been finished to completion — nothing is left undone. The complement 完 can attach to many verbs (做完, 吃完, 看完) to express the same idea of total completion. The negative is 没写完 (didn't finish writing) or 写不完 (can't finish writing)....
黑 (hēi) — black, dark
黑 (hēi) 黑 means black or dark. It describes the color black as well as darkness caused by absence of light. As an adjective it comes directly before a noun or after 很. Meanings [adjective] Black (the color). [adjective] Dark (lacking light). Example Sentences 他有一件黑衣服。 Tā yǒu yī jiàn hēi yīfu. He has a black shirt. 外面很黑，要小心。 Wàimiàn hěn hēi, yào xiǎoxīn. It is very dark outside, be careful. 那只猫是黑色的。...
坐 (zuò) — to sit / to travel by
坐 (zuò) A verb with two common uses: "to sit" (to take a seated position) and "to take/ride" a vehicle. When talking about transportation, 坐 is used with buses, trains, planes, and taxis. Meanings [verb] To sit, to be seated. [verb] To take, to ride (a vehicle such as a bus, train, or plane). Example Sentences 请坐，喝点茶。 Qǐng zuò, hē diǎn chá. Please sit, have some tea. 我每天坐公共汽车上学。 Wǒ měitiān...
做 (zuò) — to do, to make
做 (zuò) 做 is a general-purpose verb meaning to do, to make, or to perform an activity. It is one of the most versatile verbs in Chinese and appears in countless everyday phrases. Meanings [verb] To do (an activity or task). [verb] To make (a physical object or food). [verb] To work as, to be (in a profession): 做老师 (be a teacher). Example Sentences 你在做什么？ Nǐ zài zuò shénme? What...
二 (èr) — two
二 (èr) The number two; use 二 for standalone counting, ordinals, phone numbers, and positions in compound numbers. Use 两 (liǎng) when directly preceding a measure word (两个人, two people) or in quantities. Meanings [number] Two, the digit 2. Key Distinction: 二 vs. 两 二 is used when counting (一、二、三), in ordinals (第二, second), in compound numbers (二十, 20; 一百二, 120), and in phone or ID numbers. 两 is used...
大 (dà) — big / large
大 (dà) An adjective meaning "big," "large," or "great" in size, age, or degree. It is one of the first adjectives learners encounter and appears in countless compounds. Its antonym is 小 (xiǎo), meaning "small." Meanings [adjective] Big, large (in size or scale). [adjective] Old, grown (used for age, especially of people). Example Sentences 这是一个大城市。 Zhè shì yīgè dà chéngshì. This is a big city. 我的包很大。 Wǒ de bāo hěn...
饭馆 (fànguǎn) — restaurant
饭馆 (fànguǎn) A restaurant or eatery where cooked food is served to customers. 饭馆 typically refers to a small to mid-size Chinese restaurant. Meanings [noun] Restaurant, eatery. A place where meals are prepared and served to paying guests. Example Sentences 我们去饭馆吃饭吧。 Wǒmen qù fànguǎn chīfàn ba. Let's go to the restaurant to eat. 这家饭馆的菜很好吃。 Zhè jiā fànguǎn de cài hěn hǎochī. The food at this restaurant is delicious. 饭馆里人很多。 Fànguǎn...
年 (nián) — year
年 (nián) The word for year, used in dates, durations, and ages; it functions as both a noun and a time measure word, so no additional measure word is needed (三年 = three years, not 三个年). Meanings [noun] Year (calendar year or a period of 12 months). [noun] Age (in the sense of years of life, though 岁 is more common for age). [noun] New Year (in compounds: 新年, 过年)....
满意 (mǎnyì) — satisfied, content
满意 (mǎnyì) 满意 means satisfied or content, used when something meets your expectations or desires. 满 means "full/filled" and 意 means "intention/meaning," together conveying "filled with the intended result." Meanings [adjective] Satisfied, content, pleased. Example Sentences 我对这个结果很满意。 Wǒ duì zhège jiéguǒ hěn mǎnyì. I am very satisfied with this result. 老师对学生的表现很满意。 Lǎoshī duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn hěn mǎnyì. The teacher is very satisfied with the students' performance. 你满意吗？ Nǐ mǎnyì...
Lesson 4: Past Events
Overview Chinese does not have tenses the way European languages do. Instead, completion and change are marked with the particle 了 (le). This lesson focuses on the verbal 了 that marks a completed action, how to negate completed actions with 没有, and time words like 刚才 (just now) and 已经 (already) that anchor events in the recent past. Learning Objectives Use V + 了 + (Object) to describe completed actions...
零 (líng) — zero
零 (líng) The number zero, used as a standalone digit and as a spoken placeholder between non-consecutive digits in larger numbers (e.g., 105 is 一百零五, not 一百五). Meanings [number] Zero, the digit 0. [number] Odd/fractional remainder (used in compound numbers to bridge a gap: 一百零一 = 101). Example Sentences 今天的气温是零下三度。 Jīntiān de qìwēn shì líng xià sān dù. Today's temperature is minus three degrees. 我的手机号码里有三个零。 Wǒ de shǒujī hàomǎ lǐ...
天气 (tiānqì) — weather
天气 (tiānqì) Weather. 天 means "sky" or "day," and 气 means "air," "breath," or "atmosphere." Together they describe the atmospheric conditions of the sky. Meanings [noun] Weather. The atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time, such as temperature, rain, and wind. Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? What is the weather like today? 明天天气很好。 Míngtiān tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather tomorrow will be nice. 北京的天气很冷。 Běijīng de tiānqì hěn...
还 (hái) — still, also, in addition
还 (hái) A versatile adverb with three main uses: "still" (an action continues), "also/in addition" (adding to a list), and "even" (for comparisons). Context determines which meaning applies. Meanings [adverb] Still. Indicates that a situation or action is continuing. [adverb] Also, in addition. Adds more information to a list or description. [adverb] Even (in comparisons). Indicates something is more so than previously stated. Three uses illustrated Use 1: Still (continuing)...
差 (chā / chà) — difference; lacking; poor
差 (chā / chà) 差 has two common readings with different meanings. As chā (1st tone) it refers to a difference or gap between two quantities. As chà (4th tone) it means poor quality, substandard, or lacking something. Context and tone are what distinguish them. Meanings [noun] chā Difference; gap. Used in math and in expressions about the gap between two values. [adjective] chà Poor; bad; lacking. Describes something that...
新 (xīn) — new
新 (xīn) An adjective meaning "new," "fresh," or "modern." It describes things that are recently made, acquired, or encountered. Its antonym is 旧 (jiù), meaning "old" (for objects, not people). For people, the antonym is 老 (lǎo). Meanings [adjective] New, fresh, recently made or acquired. Example Sentences 他买了一辆新车。 Tā mǎi le yī liàng xīn chē. He bought a new car. 我认识了一个新朋友。 Wǒ rènshi le yīgè xīn péngyou. I made a...
这 (zhè) — this
这 (zhè) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "this," pointing to people or things near the speaker; its counterpart for distant things is 那 (nà, that). Meanings [pronoun] This (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] This (before a measure word and noun: 这 + measure word + noun). Example Sentences 这是我的书。 Zhè shì wǒ de shū. This is my book. 这个苹果很甜。 Zhège píngguǒ hěn tián. This apple is...
号 (hào) — number; day of the month
号 (hào) Used in everyday speech for the day of the month (where formal writing uses 日) and for any kind of sequential number or code such as room numbers, phone numbers, and bus routes; in spoken Chinese, 号 is far more common than 日 for dates. Meanings [noun] Day of the month (spoken: 五月三十号 = May 30th). [noun] Number, code, serial number (房间号 = room number; 手机号 = phone...
冷 (lěng) — cold
冷 (lěng) An adjective meaning "cold" in temperature, describing weather, food, water, or a person's sensation of coldness. Its antonym is 热 (rè), meaning "hot." Meanings [adjective] Cold (in temperature, for weather, objects, or bodily sensation). Example Sentences 冬天北京很冷。 Dōngtiān Běijīng hěn lěng. Beijing is very cold in winter. 这杯水太冷了，我想要热水。 Zhè bēi shuǐ tài lěng le, wǒ xiǎng yào rèshuǐ. This glass of water is too cold, I want hot...
段 (duàn) — section; segment; paragraph (measure word)
段 (duàn) 段 is a measure word for sections or segments cut from a longer whole. It counts stretches of road (一段路), paragraphs of text (一段话 / 一段文章), periods of time (一段时间), and segments of things like rope or pipe. The key idea is a delimited portion cut from something continuous. Meanings [mw] Section; segment — a portion of something continuous (road, text, rope, timeline). [mw] Paragraph; passage — used...
狗 (gǒu) — dog
狗 (gǒu) A dog. 狗 is the standard word for a domestic dog. The character contains the animal radical 犭 (a variant of 犬, meaning "dog"), which appears in many animal-related characters. Meanings [noun] Dog. The common domestic canine animal kept as a pet or working animal. Example Sentences 他家有两只狗。 Tā jiā yǒu liǎng zhī gǒu. His family has two dogs. 这只狗叫什么名字？ Zhè zhī gǒu jiào shénme míngzi? What is...
早 (zǎo) — early, morning
早 (zǎo) Means early or pertaining to the morning. Used as an adjective describing time, as an adverb modifying a verb, and as an informal morning greeting (早！ = Morning!). The opposite is 晚 (wǎn, late). Meanings [adj] Early, not late. [adv] Early on, long ago already. [greeting] Good morning (short for 早上好). Example Sentences 你今天来得很早。 Nǐ jīntiān lái de hěn zǎo. You arrived very early today. 我早就知道这件事了。 Wǒ zǎo...
老师 (lǎoshī) — teacher
老师 (lǎoshī) A noun meaning teacher. It is also used as a respectful form of address, spoken directly to the teacher just as you might say "Teacher" in English. The word combines 老 (old, experienced) and 师 (master, teacher). Meanings [noun] Teacher, instructor, educator. [address form] Used to address a teacher directly (e.g., 王老师, Teacher Wang). Example Sentences 我的汉语老师是中国人。 Wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī shì Zhōngguó rén. My Chinese teacher is...
想 (xiǎng) — to want to; to think; to miss
想 (xiǎng) 想 covers three related meanings depending on context. Before another verb it means "want to" or "would like to." Alone or with a topic it means "to think" or "to believe." Before a person or place it means "to miss" (to long for someone or somewhere). Meanings [verb] To want to, would like to (before another verb). [verb] To think, to consider, to have a thought. [verb] To...
现在 (xiànzài) — now, currently
现在 (xiànzài) 现在 means now or currently, referring to the present moment. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or directly before the verb. Meanings [adverb/noun] Now, at present, currently. Example Sentences 现在几点了？ Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le? What time is it now? 我现在很忙。 Wǒ xiànzài hěn máng. I am very busy right now. 现在我们开始上课。 Xiànzài wǒmen kāishǐ shàngkè. Now let's start class. 你现在在哪里？ Nǐ xiànzài zài nǎlǐ? Where...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary; common; standard
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or standard. It describes things that are typical and unremarkable. Its most famous compound is 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà), the standard Mandarin Chinese language. As an adjective it appears before nouns (普通的人 — an ordinary person) or after 很 (很普通 — very ordinary/nothing special). Meanings [adj] Ordinary; common — not special, typical of its kind. [adj] Standard; regular — as opposed to premium or specialized. Example...
十 (shí) — ten
十 (shí) The number ten; Chinese counting is perfectly logical from ten onward — 十一 (11), 十二 (12), 二十 (20), 二十一 (21) — making arithmetic transparent once you know 一 through 十. Meanings [number] Ten, the digit 10. [adjective] Complete, perfect (in idioms: 十全十美, perfect in every way). Example Sentences 十加十等于二十。 Shí jiā shí děngyú èrshí. Ten plus ten equals twenty. 他学中文学了十年了。 Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle shí nián le. He...
爸爸 (bàba) — dad, father
爸爸 (bàba) 爸爸 is the informal, affectionate word for father, equivalent to "dad" or "papa" in English. It is used in everyday speech by children and adults alike. Meanings [noun] Dad, father (informal). Example Sentences 我爸爸是老师。 Wǒ bàba shì lǎoshī. My dad is a teacher. 爸爸，你在哪里？ Bàba, nǐ zài nǎlǐ? Dad, where are you? 我的爸爸很高。 Wǒ de bàba hěn gāo. My father is very tall. 爸爸每天早上开车上班。 Bàba měitiān zǎoshang kāichē...
商店 (shāngdiàn) — shop, store
商店 (shāngdiàn) A shop or store where goods are sold to customers. This word refers to any general retail establishment. Meanings [noun] Shop, store. A place where goods are sold commercially. Example Sentences 商店几点开门？ Shāngdiàn jǐ diǎn kāimén? What time does the shop open? 这个商店很大。 Zhège shāngdiàn hěn dà. This store is very large. 我在商店买了水。 Wǒ zài shāngdiàn mǎile shuǐ. I bought water at the store. 商店里有很多东西。 Shāngdiàn lǐ yǒu...
呢 (ne) — continuation question particle
呢 (ne) 呢 is a sentence-final particle used to ask a follow-up question ("and what about you/it?"), to soften a statement, or to indicate that a situation is ongoing. Meanings [particle] Continuation question: "And what about...?" — bounces the topic back to the listener. [particle] Softener: makes a statement or question sound less abrupt. [particle] Ongoing state: indicates that a situation is still in progress (e.g., 他睡觉呢, He is sleeping)....
做好 (zuò hǎo) — to do well; to finish properly
做好 (zuò hǎo) 做好 is a verb + result complement. 做 means "to do/make" and 好 here is not a stand-alone adjective but a result complement meaning "well / properly / to a satisfactory state." The combination means to complete something in a thorough, satisfactory way — not just finishing, but finishing well. The negative forms are 没做好 (didn't do it well) and 做不好 (can't do it well). Meanings [v+comp]...
椅子 (yǐzi) — chair
椅子 (yǐzi) A noun meaning chair or seat. Like 桌子 (table), it takes the common 子 (zi) suffix. 椅子 refers to any standard chair with a back. The measure word is 把 (bǎ). Meanings [noun] Chair, seat with a back. Example Sentences 请坐，这把椅子是你的。 Qǐng zuò, zhè bǎ yǐzi shì nǐ de. Please sit down, this chair is yours. 她把椅子搬到窗边。 Tā bǎ yǐzi bān dào chuāng biān. She moved the chair...
非常 (fēicháng) — extremely; very
非常 (fēicháng) 非常 is an adverb meaning "extremely" or "exceptionally." It is a stronger intensifier than 很 (very) and is neutral in register — appropriate in both spoken and written Chinese. Meanings [adverb] Extremely; exceptionally; very much so. Example Sentences 她非常聪明。 Tā fēicháng cōngmíng. She is extremely intelligent. 我非常喜欢中国菜。 Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài. I like Chinese food very much. 这个问题非常重要。 Zhège wèntí fēicháng zhòngyào. This question is extremely important....
只 (zhī) — measure word for animals
只 (zhī) A measure word used for animals and for one of a pair of objects. 只 is pronounced zhī when used as a measure word. It is the standard classifier for most animals, including pets. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for animals (most types). [measure word] Classifier for one of a pair (one hand, one ear, one shoe). What 只 counts 只 is used with: 猫 (māo): cat — 一只猫...
高 (gāo) — tall / high
高 (gāo) An adjective meaning "tall" or "high." It describes both physical height (of a person or building) and elevated level or degree (high score, high price). Its antonym is 矮 (ǎi), meaning "short" (in height). Meanings [adjective] Tall, high (in physical height). [adjective] High (in level, score, degree, or quality). Example Sentences 他很高，有一米八。 Tā hěn gāo, yǒu yī mǐ bā. He is very tall, 1.8 meters. 这座楼很高。 Zhè zuò...
错 (cuò) — wrong; mistake; bad
错 (cuò) 错 means wrong or mistaken. It is used to describe an incorrect answer, action, or situation. In colloquial speech, 不错 (bú cuò) is a common expression meaning "not bad" or "pretty good," which is its own useful phrase to learn alongside 错. Meanings [adjective] Wrong; incorrect; mistaken. Describes something that does not match the expected or correct version. [noun] Mistake; error. Used in expressions about faults and corrections....
门 (mén) — door / gate
门 (mén) A noun meaning door or gate. The character itself is iconic: it looks like two door panels side by side. 门 can refer to a small indoor door or a large gate. It also appears as a radical in many characters. Meanings [noun] Door, gate, entrance. [measure word] Used for courses, subjects, and types of skills (e.g., 一门语言, one language). Example Sentences 请关门。 Qǐng guān mén. Please close...
四 (sì) — four
四 (sì) The number four; culturally, 四 is associated with bad luck in Chinese-speaking regions because sì sounds similar to 死 (sǐ, to die), so it is often avoided in addresses, floors, and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Four, the digit 4. Example Sentences 她家有四口人。 Tā jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén. Her family has four members. 四月的天气很好。 Sì yuè de tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather in April is very nice. 这栋楼没有四楼。...
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, when
时候 (shíhou) 时候 means "time" or "moment" and is most often used in the pattern "...的时候" meaning "when..." or "at the time of..." It does not refer to clock time (that is 时间 shíjiān or 点 diǎn). Meanings [noun] A point or period in time, a moment. [noun] Used in 的时候 to mean "when" (at the time that). Example Sentences 你什么时候来？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái? When are you coming? 我吃饭的时候不喜欢说话。...
唱 (chàng) — to sing
唱 (chàng) A verb meaning "to sing." It describes using the voice to produce musical sound, whether in a song, at karaoke, or in a performance. In Chinese culture, karaoke (K歌) is hugely popular, making 唱歌 an everyday phrase. Meanings [verb] To sing (a song, a melody). Example Sentences 她唱歌唱得很好听。 Tā chànggē chàng de hěn hǎotīng. She sings beautifully. 我们一起去唱歌吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù chànggē ba! Let's go sing together! 孩子在唱一首儿歌。...
对 (duì) — correct / towards
对 (duì) A versatile word with two key uses. As an adjective, it means correct or right. As a preposition, it means towards, to, or regarding. Both uses are common at the HSK 1 level and appear in everyday conversation. Meanings [adjective] Correct, right. The opposite of 错 (cuò). [preposition] Towards, to, directed at, regarding. Example Sentences 你说得对，这道题的答案是五。 Nǐ shuō de duì, zhè dào tí de dá'àn shì wǔ. You...
听 (tīng) — to listen, to hear
听 (tīng) 听 means to listen or to hear. It covers both the active act of listening and the passive act of hearing. It pairs naturally with music, speech, and audio content. Meanings [verb] To listen to, to hear. Example Sentences 我喜欢听音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuān tīng yīnyuè. I like to listen to music. 请大家安静，听老师说。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng, tīng lǎoshī shuō. Please be quiet, everyone, and listen to the teacher. 你听到了吗？ Nǐ...
回答 (huídá) — to answer, to reply
回答 (huídá) 回答 means to answer or reply, especially in response to a direct question. 回 means "return" and 答 means "reply," together forming "returning a reply." Meanings [verb] To answer, to reply (a question). [noun] An answer, a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí. Please answer my question. 他的回答很好。 Tā de huídá hěn hǎo. His answer was very good. 我不知道怎么回答。 Wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme huídá. I...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear, clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) Used as an adjective meaning clear or distinct, and as a verb meaning to understand clearly. It describes both physical clarity (e.g., sound, image) and mental clarity (e.g., knowing something well). Meanings [adj] Clear, distinct, easy to perceive. [verb] To know clearly, to understand well. Example Sentences 你说得很清楚，我听懂了。 Nǐ shuō de hěn qīngchu, wǒ tīngdǒng le. You spoke very clearly; I understood. 这张照片不清楚。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn bù qīngchu....
终于 (zhōngyú) — finally; at last
终于 (zhōngyú) 终于 expresses that something happened after a long wait or much effort. It always carries an emotional undertone, either relief or satisfaction. Place it before the verb, usually after the subject. Meanings [adv] Finally; at last — something expected or hoped for has come to pass. [adv] In the end; ultimately — after a series of events or attempts. Example Sentences 我终于找到工作了。 Wǒ zhōngyú zhǎodào gōngzuò le. I...
机场 (jīchǎng) — airport
机场 (jīchǎng) 机场 means airport. 机 (short for 飞机, airplane) + 场 (an open ground or venue) = the ground where planes operate. Meanings [noun] Airport. Example Sentences 我明天要去机场接朋友。 Wǒ míngtiān yào qù jīchǎng jiē péngyou. Tomorrow I need to go to the airport to pick up a friend. 机场离市区很远。 Jīchǎng lí shìqū hěn yuǎn. The airport is far from the city center. 请早一点到机场。 Qǐng zǎo yīdiǎn dào jīchǎng. Please...
公司 (gōngsī) — company
公司 (gōngsī) A noun meaning company, corporation, or firm. It refers to any business organization. The word combines 公 (public, collective) and 司 (manage, oversee). Meanings [noun] Company, corporation, business firm. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有五百名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu wǔbǎi míng yuángōng. This company has five hundred employees. 她想开一家自己的公司。 Tā xiǎng kāi yī jiā zìjǐ de gōngsī....
跳 (tiào) — to jump / to dance
跳 (tiào) A verb meaning "to jump" or "to leap." It also appears in the phrase 跳舞 (tiàowǔ), meaning "to dance," because dancing involves rhythmic jumping and stepping movements. The 足 (foot) radical reinforces the physical, foot-related action. Meanings [verb] To jump, to leap, to hop. [verb] Component of 跳舞 (to dance). Example Sentences 猫跳上了桌子。 Māo tiào shàng le zhuōzi. The cat jumped onto the table. 她喜欢跳舞。 Tā xǐhuān tiàowǔ....
打 (dǎ) — to hit / to strike (versatile action verb)
打 (dǎ) A highly productive verb whose core meaning is "to strike" or "to hit." From this core sense, 打 extends to many everyday actions: making a phone call (打电话), playing ball sports (打球), fighting (打人), and more. Whenever an action involves a striking, hitting, or forceful contact motion, 打 is often the right verb. Meanings [verb] To hit, to strike, to beat. [verb] To play (ball sports that involve...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a sentence-final particle with two main uses: making a soft suggestion ("let's...") and expressing a tentative assumption or seeking confirmation ("I suppose... right?"). Meanings [particle] Suggestion softener: turns a statement into a gentle proposal (let's go, shall we?). [particle] Assumption marker: expresses that the speaker assumes something is true and seeks confirmation. Example Sentences 我们走吧！ Wǒmen zǒu ba! Let's go! 你是学生吧？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ba? You...
她 (tā) — she, her
她 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for females; it is pronounced identically to 他 (he) and 它 (it) — all are tā — so gender is only visible in writing. Meanings [pronoun] She (subject). [pronoun] Her (object). [pronoun] Her (before 的: 她的). Example Sentences 她是我的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ de péngyou. She is my friend. 我爱她。 Wǒ ài tā. I love her. 她的中文说得很好。 Tā de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo. She...
本 (běn) — measure word for books
本 (běn) A measure word used specifically for books, notebooks, and other bound volumes. 本 also means "root," "origin," or "this" in other contexts, but as a measure word it always refers to bound materials. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for books, notebooks, and bound volumes. [noun] Root, origin, fundamental. Used in other compound words. What 本 counts 本 is used with: 书 (shū): books — 一本书 (one book) 杂志 (zázhì):...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand, clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something, especially a situation, intention, or meaning. It often captures the moment of suddenly grasping something. Key contrast: 懂 (dǒng) is used for understanding a skill or subject (I understand Chinese grammar), while 明白 is for understanding a specific situation, message, or meaning. Meanings [verb] To understand, to realize (a situation or meaning). [adjective] Clear, obvious. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？...
你们 (nǐmen) — you (plural)
你们 (nǐmen) The plural form of 你, referring to two or more people being addressed; unlike English, which uses "you" for both singular and plural, Chinese marks the distinction in writing. Meanings [pronoun] You all, you guys (subject, plural). [pronoun] You all (object, plural). [pronoun] Your (before 的: 你们的). Example Sentences 你们好！ Nǐmen hǎo! Hello everyone! 你们都来了吗？ Nǐmen dōu lái le ma? Have you all come? 我喜欢你们的城市。 Wǒ xǐhuan nǐmen...
你好 (nǐ hǎo) — hello; hi
你好 (nǐ hǎo) 你好 is the standard everyday greeting in Mandarin, equivalent to "hello" or "hi." It is used when greeting one person in an informal or neutral setting. Meanings [phrase] Hello; hi. A general greeting directed at one person. Example Sentences 你好！很高兴认识你。 Nǐ hǎo! Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ. Hello! Nice to meet you. 你好，请问你叫什么名字？ Nǐ hǎo, qǐngwèn nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? Hello, may I ask your name? A: 你好！...
起床 (qǐchuáng) — to get up / to get out of bed
起床 (qǐchuáng) A verb phrase meaning "to get up" or "to get out of bed." 起 (qǐ) means "to rise," and 床 (chuáng) means "bed." Together they describe the act of leaving bed in the morning. Its counterpart is 睡觉 (shuìjiào, to go to sleep). Meanings [verb phrase] To get up, to get out of bed, to rise in the morning. Example Sentences 我每天七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I...
红 (hóng) — red
红 (hóng) 红 means red. In Chinese culture red symbolizes good luck, happiness, and celebration. It appears frequently in words related to festivals, envelopes, and traffic lights. Meanings [adjective] Red (the color). [adjective] Popular, successful (informal, as in 走红 "to become famous"). Example Sentences 她穿了一件红裙子。 Tā chuān le yī jiàn hóng qúnzi. She wore a red dress. 红灯停，绿灯行。 Hóng dēng tíng, lǜ dēng xíng. Stop on red, go on green....
百 (bǎi) — hundred
百 (bǎi) The word for one hundred; in compound numbers, 一 before 百 is often dropped in colloquial speech (一百 → 百, though 一百 is always correct). Gaps between non-consecutive digits require 零: 一百零五 = 105. Meanings [number] Hundred, one hundred. [adjective] All kinds of, a great many (in idioms: 百分之百, one hundred percent; 百姓, common people). Example Sentences 这本书一百二十页。 Zhè běn shū yī bǎi èrshí yè. This book has...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing / stuff
东西 (dōngxi) A noun meaning things or stuff. In its idiomatic sense (neutral tone on 西: dōngxi), it refers to objects, items, or stuff in general. In its literal sense (both syllables fully toned: dōng xī), it means "east and west," the two compass directions. The idiomatic meaning is by far the more common at HSK 1. Meanings [noun] Things, stuff, objects, items (idiomatic, very common). [noun] East and west,...
到 (dào) — to arrive; to (a destination)
到 (dào) 到 means "to arrive" as a main verb and serves as a result complement attached to verbs to indicate that the action successfully reached its target. Meanings [verb] To arrive; to reach (a place or time). [result complement] Attached to a verb (V + 到) to show the action achieved its goal or reached a point. Example Sentences 他到了。 Tā dào le. He has arrived. 我们到北京了。 Wǒmen dào...
帽子 (màozi) — hat, cap
帽子 (màozi) 帽子 means hat or cap, any head covering. The 子 is a common noun suffix. It covers all types: baseball caps, winter hats, sun hats, etc. Meanings [noun] Hat, cap. Example Sentences 他戴着一顶红帽子。 Tā dài zhe yī dǐng hóng màozi. He is wearing a red hat. 外面很冷，记得戴帽子。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, jìde dài màozi. It is very cold outside, remember to wear a hat. 这顶帽子多少钱？ Zhè dǐng màozi duōshao...
很 (hěn) — very, quite (intensifier)
很 (hěn) An adverb most often translated as "very," used before adjectives and some verbs. However, 很 does not always carry strong intensifying meaning. In many sentences, it serves as a neutral linking tone required by Chinese sentence structure, and the translation may simply be "is" rather than "is very." Meanings [adverb] Very, quite. Intensifies an adjective when stressed. [adverb] Neutral copula tone. Precedes adjective predicates in simple statements without...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) Noodles, a core staple food in Chinese cuisine alongside rice. 面 refers to flour or dough, and 条 means "strip" or "strand." Together they describe the long strips made from dough. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Long, thin strips of dough made from wheat flour, served in soups or with sauces. Example Sentences 我想吃面条。 Wǒ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles. 你喜欢吃米饭还是面条？ Nǐ xǐhuān chī mǐfàn háishì miàntiáo?...
就 (jiù) — right away; as early as
就 (jiù) 就 is a timing adverb that conveys the sense of "right away," "as early as," or "already at that point." It emphasizes that something happens quickly, early, or with little delay. Meanings [adverb] Right away; immediately; as soon as. [adverb] Already (at an earlier-than-expected time). [adverb] Then; in that case (in conditional sentences). Example Sentences 我五点就起床了。 Wǒ wǔ diǎn jiù qǐchuáng le. I was up as early as...
除了 (chúle) — besides; except
除了 (chúle) 除了 introduces either an exception ("except for X, everything else...") or an addition ("besides X, also..."). The meaning flips based on what follows. With 都 it usually means "except"; with 还/也 it means "in addition to." The paired word 以外 (yǐwài) can optionally close the phrase. Meanings [preposition] Except for; other than. 除了X，都... — "Except for X, everything/everyone..." [preposition] Besides; in addition to. 除了X，还/也... — "Besides X, also..."...
早上 (zǎoshang) — morning, early morning
早上 (zǎoshang) 早上 means early morning, the time from when you wake up to roughly 9 a.m. It implies the very beginning of the day and is slightly earlier than 上午 (shàngwǔ). Meanings [noun] Early morning, morning (approximately 6:00 to 9:00). Example Sentences 早上好！ Zǎoshang hǎo! Good morning! 我每天早上六点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at six every morning. 早上我喜欢喝咖啡。 Zǎoshang wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. In the...
中文 (Zhōngwén) — Chinese (written/general)
中文 (Zhōngwén) The Chinese language, with an emphasis on the written form or the language in general. 中 means "Chinese" (as in China) and 文 means "writing," "text," or "language." Compare with 汉语 (Hànyǔ), which focuses more on spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language, written Chinese. The language of China, often used when referring to Chinese text, books, or general language ability. Example Sentences 这本书是中文的。 Zhè běn shū shì Zhōngwén...
第一 (dìyī) — first
第一 (dìyī) The ordinal number "first," formed by placing the prefix 第 (dì) before any cardinal number; this pattern applies to all ordinals (第二 = second, 第三 = third, etc.) and is used in sequences, rankings, and lists. Meanings [ordinal number] First, number one in a sequence or ranking. [adjective] Primary, most important (第一重要 = of primary importance). Example Sentences 她是我们班第一名。 Tā shì wǒmen bān dìyī míng. She is first...
分 (fēn) — minute; to divide; part
分 (fēn) 分 is used after a number to express minutes when telling the time. It also means "to divide" or "a portion," and appears in many compound words. Meanings [noun] Minute (unit of time, used after a number). [verb] To divide, to separate. [noun] A part, a portion, a score (in exams). Example Sentences 现在八点二十分。 Xiànzài bā diǎn èrshí fēn. It is now eight twenty. 我们还有五分钟。 Wǒmen hái yǒu...
Lesson 5: Making Plans
Overview Chinese has several ways to express future plans and intentions, and choosing the right one conveys exactly how committed or certain you are. 打算 suggests a thought-out plan, 准备 implies active preparation, 要 signals a firm decision, and 会 expresses expectation or likelihood. This lesson covers all four and shows how they fit into real conversations about upcoming events. Learning Objectives Use 打算 + V to express a considered...
张 (zhāng) — measure word for flat things
张 (zhāng) A measure word used for flat, thin, sheet-like objects. 张 also means "to spread out" or "to open," which reflects the flat, spread nature of the objects it counts. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for flat, sheet-like objects such as paper, photos, tables, and maps. [verb] To spread out, to open (as in 张开, "open up"). What 张 counts 张 is used with: 纸 (zhǐ): paper — 一张纸 (one...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to a populated urban center as opposed to 农村 (nóngcūn, countryside) or 农村 (xiāngcūn, rural village). Both characters contribute to the meaning: 城 means a walled town or city, and 市 means market or municipality. Meanings [noun] City; urban area. Any significant populated urban settlement. Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one...
大家 (dàjiā) — everyone; everybody
大家 (dàjiā) 大家 means "everyone" or "everybody," referring to all members of a group present in the context. It is used both as a subject and as an object, and it is common in speeches, announcements, and group conversations. Meanings [pronoun] Everyone; everybody. Refers to all the people in a given group or context. Example Sentences 大家好！ Dàjiā hǎo! Hello everyone! 请大家安静一下。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng yīxià. Everyone please be quiet...
是的 (shì de) — yes; that's right; indeed
是的 (shì de) 是的 means "yes," "that's right," or "indeed." It confirms or affirms that a stated fact is correct. Meanings [phrase] Yes; that's right; correct; indeed (factual affirmation). Example Sentences A: 你是老师吗？ B: 是的，我是老师。 A: Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma? B: Shì de, wǒ shì lǎoshī. A: Are you a teacher? B: Yes, I am a teacher. A: 他是你的朋友吗？ B: 是的。 A: Tā shì nǐ de péngyou ma? B: Shì...
不 (bù / bú) — not, no (negation)
不 (bù / bú) The primary negation word in Chinese. 不 negates actions in the present or future, habitual behaviors, states, and adjectives. It is pronounced bù in most contexts but changes to bú before fourth-tone syllables (tone sandhi). Meanings [adverb] Not. Negates verbs, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs in present, future, or general statements. 不 vs. 没: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 不. Use...
然后 (rán hòu) — then, after that
然后 (rán hòu) A conjunction used to connect two actions or events in sequence, meaning "then" or "after that." It always follows the first completed action and introduces what comes next. Meanings [conj] Then, after that (indicating sequence of events or steps). Example Sentences 我先吃早饭，然后去上班。 Wǒ xiān chī zǎofàn, rán hòu qù shàngbān. I eat breakfast first, then go to work. 先洗手，然后再吃东西。 Xiān xǐ shǒu, rán hòu zài chī dōngxi....
真 (zhēn) — really; truly
真 (zhēn) 真 is an intensifying adverb meaning "really" or "truly." It expresses genuine emotion or strong emphasis, and also serves as an adjective meaning "real" or "true." Meanings [adverb] Really; truly; genuinely (intensifier before adjectives or verbs). [adjective] Real; authentic; true. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎo chī! This dish is really delicious! 你真漂亮。 Nǐ zhēn piàoliang. You are truly beautiful. 这是真的吗？ Zhè shì zhēn de ma? Is...
多么 (duōme) — how; what a; so very
多么 (duōme) 多么 is an exclamation intensifier used to express strong emotion or admiration. It appears before an adjective in exclamatory sentences, often paired with 啊 at the end. It translates as "how," "what a," or "so very." It is not used in regular questions; use 多 (duō) for those: 你多高？(How tall are you?) Meanings [adverb] How; what a; so very. Used in exclamatory sentences to intensify the adjective that...
学校 (xuéxiào) — school
学校 (xuéxiào) A noun meaning school or educational institution. It is a general term that covers primary schools, middle schools, high schools, and universities. It combines 学 (learn/study) and 校 (school, institution). Meanings [noun] School, educational institution (general term). Example Sentences 我的学校离家很近。 Wǒ de xuéxiào lí jiā hěn jìn. My school is very close to home. 她在一所大学校工作。 Tā zài yī suǒ dà xuéxiào gōngzuò. She works at a large school....
问题 (wèntí) — question, problem, issue
问题 (wèntí) Covers both a question someone asks and a problem or issue that needs to be addressed. In everyday speech it is one of the most versatile nouns, used in education, work, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] Question (something asked). [noun] Problem, issue, matter needing attention. Example Sentences 你有什么问题吗？ Nǐ yǒu shénme wèntí ma? Do you have any questions? 这个问题很难回答。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán huídá. This question is very...
但是 (dànshì) — but; however
但是 (dànshì) 但是 is a conjunction meaning "but" or "however." It introduces a contrasting idea that counters or qualifies what was just said. Meanings [conjunction] But; however; yet (expressing contrast or contradiction between two clauses). Example Sentences 这件衣服很漂亮，但是太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn piàoliang, dànshì tài guì le. This dress is very pretty, but it is too expensive. 他很聪明，但是不努力。 Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì bù nǔlì. He is very intelligent, but he...
米饭 (mǐfàn) — cooked rice
米饭 (mǐfàn) Cooked rice, the staple food of Chinese cuisine. 米 refers to uncooked rice grains, and 饭 means cooked food or a meal. Together they specifically mean steamed or boiled rice. Meanings [noun] Cooked rice, steamed rice. The prepared rice served as the main staple of a Chinese meal. Example Sentences 我想吃米饭。 Wǒ xiǎng chī mǐfàn. I want to eat rice. 你吃米饭还是面条？ Nǐ chī mǐfàn háishì miàntiáo? Do you...
跑步 (pǎobù) — to run, jogging
跑步 (pǎobù) 跑步 means to run or jog. 跑 means to run and 步 means step. It is a verb-object phrase used for running as exercise or sport. It is one of the most common fitness activities mentioned in Chinese. Meanings [verb phrase] To run, to jog. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang pǎobù. I go jogging every morning. 跑步对健康很有好处。 Pǎobù duì jiànkāng hěn yǒu hǎochù. Running is very beneficial...
层 (céng) — floor; layer; storey
层 (céng) 层 is both a measure word for floors or stories of a building and for layers of any stacked substance. When counting floors, Chinese ground floor is 一层 (yī céng), equivalent to the first floor in American English or ground floor in British English. Meanings [measure word] Floor; storey. Used with numbers to indicate which level of a building. [measure word/noun] Layer. Used for anything arranged in horizontal...
学习 (xuéxí) — study; to study, to learn
学习 (xuéxí) 学习 works as both a noun meaning "study" or "learning" and a verb meaning "to study" or "to learn." 学 (xué) means to learn or imitate, and 习 (xí) means to practice repeatedly. Together they capture the cycle of learning and practicing. Meanings [noun] Study, learning. [verb] To study, to learn (through practice and repetition). Example Sentences 我每天学习两个小时的汉语。 Wǒ měitiān xuéxí liǎng gè xiǎoshí de Hànyǔ. I study...
热 (rè) — hot
热 (rè) An adjective meaning "hot" in temperature, whether describing weather, food, beverages, or how a person feels. Its antonym is 冷 (lěng), meaning "cold." Meanings [adjective] Hot (in temperature, for weather, objects, or feelings of heat). Example Sentences 今天天气很热。 Jīntiān tiānqì hěn rè. The weather today is very hot. 这碗汤很热，小心别烫到。 Zhè wǎn tāng hěn rè, xiǎoxīn bié tàng dào. This bowl of soup is very hot, be careful not...
其实 (qíshí) — actually, in fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 is an adverb meaning "actually" or "in fact." It typically introduces a statement that corrects a misunderstanding, reveals a truth, or contrasts with what someone assumed. It often appears at the start of a clause. Meanings [adverb] Actually, in fact (introduces a correction or revelation). Example Sentences 他看起来很严格，其实很好相处。 Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yángé, qíshí hěn hǎo xiāngchǔ. He looks very strict, but actually he is easy to...
六 (liù) — six
六 (liù) The number six; 六 is considered lucky in Chinese culture because liù sounds like 溜 (liū, smooth/flowing), suggesting things will go smoothly. It is a popular number for business names and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Six, the digit 6. Example Sentences 我们班有六十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yǒu liùshí gè xuésheng. Our class has sixty students. 六月天气很热。 Liù yuè tiānqì hěn rè. The weather in June is very hot. 这道题我做了六遍。 Zhè...
进 (jìn) — to enter / to go in
进 (jìn) A directional verb meaning "to enter" or "to go into" a place. It describes movement from outside to inside. Its antonym is 出 (chū), meaning "to exit" or "to go out." Meanings [verb] To enter, to go in, to come in. Example Sentences 请进，门没有关。 Qǐng jìn, mén méiyǒu guān. Please come in, the door is not closed. 他走进了教室。 Tā zǒu jìn le jiàoshì. He walked into the classroom....
睡觉 (shuìjiào) — to sleep
睡觉 (shuìjiào) A verb phrase meaning "to sleep" or "to go to sleep." 睡 (shuì) means to sleep or to lie down, and 觉 (jiào) originally means sensation/feeling. Together they form the standard word for sleeping. Its related phrase is 起床 (qǐchuáng, to get up). Meanings [verb phrase] To sleep, to go to sleep, to be asleep. Example Sentences 我晚上十一点睡觉。 Wǒ wǎnshàng shíyī diǎn shuìjiào. I go to sleep at...
杯 (bēi) — measure word for cups and glasses
杯 (bēi) A measure word used for cups, glasses, and the drinks contained in them. 杯 also functions as a noun meaning "cup" or "glass" itself. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for a cup or glass of a beverage. [noun] Cup, glass, mug. The vessel used for drinking. What 杯 counts 杯 is used with: 茶 (chá): tea — 一杯茶 (a cup of tea) 水 (shuǐ): water — 一杯水 (a glass...
请 (qǐng) — please, to invite, to treat
请 (qǐng) Placed before a verb to make a polite request meaning "please." Also used as a verb meaning to invite someone or to treat someone to a meal or drink. Meanings [adv] Please (polite marker before a verb). [verb] To invite someone to come or attend. [verb] To treat someone to food or a drink. Example Sentences 请进，欢迎你。 Qǐng jìn, huānyíng nǐ. Please come in. Welcome. 我请你吃饭吧。 Wǒ qǐng...
贵 (guì) — expensive; precious; honorable
贵 (guì) 贵 primarily means expensive or costly. It is the opposite of 便宜 (piányí, cheap). Beyond price, 贵 appears in polite set phrases: 贵姓 (guì xìng, may I ask your surname) and 贵国 (guì guó, your honorable country), where it means "esteemed" or "honorable." Meanings [adjective] Expensive; costly. Describes something whose price is high. [adjective] Precious; valuable; esteemed. Used in polite address to honor the listener. Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了，我买不起。...
上午 (shàngwǔ) — morning, forenoon
上午 (shàngwǔ) 上午 refers to the morning or forenoon, generally the time from around 8 a.m. to noon. 上 means "above/upper" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "before noon." Meanings [noun] Morning, forenoon (approximately 8:00 to 12:00). Example Sentences 上午我在家学习。 Shàngwǔ wǒ zài jiā xuéxí. In the morning I study at home. 他上午九点有课。 Tā shàngwǔ jiǔ diǎn yǒu kè. He has class at nine in the morning. 今天上午天气很好。...
儿子 (érzi) — son
儿子 (érzi) 儿子 means son, a male child. 儿 means "child" or "son" and 子 is a classical word also meaning "child/person." Together they form the everyday word for son. Meanings [noun] Son, male child. Example Sentences 他们有一个儿子。 Tāmen yǒu yī gè érzi. They have one son. 我的儿子今年五岁。 Wǒ de érzi jīnnián wǔ suì. My son is five years old this year. 儿子每天去上学。 Érzi měitiān qù shàngxué. My son goes...
有 (yǒu) — to have; there is/are
有 (yǒu) 有 expresses two related ideas: possession ("I have") and existence ("there is/are"). It is the word to use when English says "have." Do not use 是 (shì) for possession. 是 links identities; 有 indicates possession or existence. Meanings [verb] To have (possession). [verb] There is, there are (existence). Example Sentences 我有一个弟弟。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè dìdi. I have a younger brother. 桌子上有一本书。 Zhuōzi shang yǒu yī běn shū....
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person); to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know a person personally, to be acquainted with someone, or to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào). Use 认识 for people and familiar things (you can recognize them); use 知道 for facts and information (things you are aware of). You can 认识 a person but you 知道 their address. Meanings [verb] To know, to be acquainted with (a person). [verb] To recognize, to be...
走 (zǒu) — to walk / to leave
走 (zǒu) A common verb meaning "to walk" when describing the manner of movement, and "to leave" or "to go" when describing departure. Context determines which meaning is intended. Meanings [verb] To walk, to go on foot. [verb] To leave, to depart, to go away. Example Sentences 我每天走路上学。 Wǒ měitiān zǒulù shàngxué. I walk to school every day. 他走了，你来晚了。 Tā zǒu le, nǐ lái wǎn le. He has left, you...
请问 (qǐngwèn) — excuse me; may I ask
请问 (qǐngwèn) 请问 means "excuse me" or "may I ask." It is a polite phrase used at the beginning of a question, especially when addressing a stranger or in a formal context. Meanings [phrase] Excuse me; may I ask; pardon me for asking (polite opener before a question). Example Sentences 请问，洗手间在哪里？ Qǐngwèn, xǐshǒujiān zài nǎlǐ? Excuse me, where is the restroom? 请问，你叫什么名字？ Qǐngwèn, nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? May I ask...
住 (zhù) — to live, to reside
住 (zhù) 住 means to live at a place or to stay somewhere. It is used to state where someone lives and also appears as a verb complement meaning "firmly" or "in place" (e.g., 记住 remember firmly, 停住 stop in place). Meanings [verb] To live, to reside (at a location). [verb complement] Firmly, in place (in compounds like 记住, 停住). Example Sentences 你住在哪里？ Nǐ zhù zài nǎlǐ? Where do you...
了 (le) — completion and change-of-state particle
了 (le) 了 is not a simple past tense marker. It has two positions and two related functions: post-verb 了 marks the completion of an action, while sentence-final 了 marks a change of state or a currently relevant new situation. Meanings [particle — post-verb] Marks that an action has been completed (perfective aspect). [particle — sentence-final] Marks a new situation or change of state; also used for emphasis or to...
万 (wàn) — ten thousand
万 (wàn) The word for ten thousand; Chinese groups numbers in units of 10,000 (万) rather than 1,000 (thousand), so learning to think in 万 is essential for large numbers: 一万 = 10,000, 十万 = 100,000, 一百万 = 1,000,000. Meanings [number] Ten thousand (10,000). [adverb] Absolutely, by all means (in compounds: 万一, just in case; 千万, whatever you do). Example Sentences 这套房子卖一百万。 Zhè tào fángzi mài yī bǎi wàn. This...
从 (cóng) — from; since
从 (cóng) 从 marks the starting point of a journey, a period of time, or a sequence of events. It is placed before the starting location or time, and the destination or end point usually follows later in the sentence. Meanings [preposition] From (a place). Marks the point of departure or origin in space. [preposition] From; since (a time). Marks the starting point of a time period. Example Sentences 我从北京来。...
报纸 (bàozhǐ) — newspaper
报纸 (bàozhǐ) A noun meaning newspaper. It combines 报 (report, news) and 纸 (paper). While print newspapers are less common in the digital age, 报纸 remains an important vocabulary word for reading comprehension and understanding Chinese media culture. Meanings [noun] Newspaper, a printed news publication. Example Sentences 爷爷每天早上看报纸。 Yéye měitiān zǎoshang kàn bàozhǐ. Grandfather reads the newspaper every morning. 这份报纸是今天的。 Zhè fèn bàozhǐ shì jīntiān de. This newspaper is today's...
看见 (kànjiàn) — to see / to catch sight of
看见 (kànjiàn) A verb meaning "to see" or "to catch sight of." It combines 看 (kàn, to look/watch) and 见 (jiàn, to perceive/meet). While 看 describes the act of looking, 看见 indicates that you actually saw and perceived something — the result of looking. Meanings [verb] To see, to catch sight of, to notice (something with one's eyes). Example Sentences 我看见一只大猫。 Wǒ kànjiàn yī zhī dà māo. I saw a...
还是 (háishì) — or (in questions)
还是 (háishì) 还是 is used to present two alternatives in a question, asking which one applies. This is a KEY learner confusion: 还是 belongs in questions, while 或者 (huòzhě) belongs in statements. Never swap them. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in questions offering a choice between A and B). [adverb] Still, nevertheless (in a different usage: 还是来吧, "you should still come"). Example Sentences 你喝茶还是咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì kāfēi? Do you...
告诉 (gàosu) — to tell; to inform
告诉 (gàosu) 告诉 means to tell or to inform someone of something. The structure is: 告诉 + person + content. The person told is placed directly after 告诉, and the information comes after that person. It is a double-object verb. Meanings [verb] To tell; to inform; to let someone know. Communicates a piece of information to a specific person. Example Sentences 请告诉我你的名字。 Qǐng gàosu wǒ nǐ de míngzi. Please tell...
坏 (huài) — bad, broken, spoiled
坏 (huài) 坏 means bad, broken, or spoiled. It is the opposite of 好 (hǎo). It can describe a person's character, the quality of something, or a physical object that has stopped working or gone off. Meanings [adjective] Bad, wicked (character or quality). [adjective] Broken, out of order, spoiled (physical state). Example Sentences 这个苹果坏了，不能吃。 Zhège píngguǒ huài le, bù néng chī. This apple has gone bad, you can't eat it....
Lesson 12: Work & Colleagues
Overview Workplace conversations are a daily reality for most adults, and Chinese has specific vocabulary and patterns for talking about jobs, colleagues, meetings, and salary. This lesson covers how to describe what you do, where you work, and how to use key workplace vocabulary in natural, contextually appropriate ways. Learning Objectives Use 在公司工作 and 是...的 to describe employment Use key collocations for workplace actions (开会, 出差, 加班) Introduce job titles...
Lesson 10: Weather Deep Dive
Overview Weather is a universal conversation topic and a practical context for several important grammar patterns. This lesson goes deeper than HSK 1 weather basics, introducing 越来越 to express progressive change, the structure for reporting what a forecast says, and more precise weather vocabulary including temperature, clouds, snow, and humidity. Learning Objectives Use 越来越 + adjective to describe things getting progressively more so Report forecast information with 天气预报说... Describe weather...
中午 (zhōngwǔ) — noon, midday
中午 (zhōngwǔ) 中午 means noon or midday, around 12:00 p.m. 中 means "middle" and 午 means "noon," forming a word that pinpoints the exact middle of the day. Meanings [noun] Noon, midday (approximately 11:30 to 13:00). Example Sentences 中午我们一起吃饭吧。 Zhōngwǔ wǒmen yīqǐ chīfàn ba. Let's eat together at noon. 他中午不回家吃饭。 Tā zhōngwǔ bù huí jiā chīfàn. He does not go home for lunch at noon. 中午十二点我有空。 Zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn wǒ...
说 (shuō) — to speak, to say, to tell
说 (shuō) 说 is the primary verb for speaking, saying, or telling. It is used for talking in general, speaking a language, and introducing direct or indirect speech. Meanings [verb] To speak, to say. [verb] To tell, to explain. [verb] To speak (a language), used with 语/话. Example Sentences 她说中文说得很好。 Tā shuō Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo. She speaks Chinese very well. 他说他不来了。 Tā shuō tā bù lái le. He...
如果 (rúguǒ) — if; supposing that
如果 (rúguǒ) 如果 means "if" or "supposing that." It introduces a hypothetical or conditional situation, and the result clause often contains 就 (jiù, then). Meanings [conjunction] If; supposing; in the event that (introduces a condition). Example Sentences 如果明天下雨，我就不去了。 Rúguǒ míngtiān xià yǔ, wǒ jiù bù qù le. If it rains tomorrow, I will not go. 如果你饿了，就告诉我。 Rúguǒ nǐ è le, jiù gàosu wǒ. If you are hungry, just let me...
姐姐 (jiějiě) — older sister
姐姐 (jiějiě) 姐姐 means older sister. Like 哥哥, it specifically refers to a sister who is older than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Older sister, elder sister. Example Sentences 我姐姐在上海读书。 Wǒ jiějiě zài Shànghǎi dúshū. My older sister is studying in Shanghai. 姐姐比我大三岁。 Jiějiě bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. My older sister is three years older than me. 你的姐姐漂亮吗？ Nǐ de jiějiě piàoliang ma? Is your older sister beautiful? 姐姐每天都打电话给我。 Jiějiě...
两 (liǎng) — two (before measure words)
两 (liǎng) The form of "two" used directly before measure words (classifiers) and in quantities; it cannot appear in pure counting sequences or ordinals — that is the job of 二 (èr). See the 二 page for the full comparison. Meanings [number] Two (quantity, always before a measure word or unit). [adjective] A couple of, a few (colloquial: 说两句, say a few words). Example Sentences 我有两个哥哥。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè...
超市 (chāoshì) — supermarket
超市 (chāoshì) A supermarket, a large self-service store selling food, household goods, and other everyday items. 超市 is short for 超级市场 (chāojí shìchǎng). Meanings [noun] Supermarket. A large retail store stocking a wide variety of goods including food and household products. Example Sentences 我每周去超市买东西。 Wǒ měi zhōu qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I go to the supermarket every week to buy things. 超市里有苹果吗？ Chāoshì lǐ yǒu píngguǒ ma? Does the supermarket...
买 (mǎi) — to buy, to purchase
买 (mǎi) 买 means to buy or to purchase. It is the opposite of 卖 (mài, to sell). The two characters look similar: 买 has a cross on top and no person radical below, while 卖 has an extra component on top. Meanings [verb] To buy, to purchase. Example Sentences 我要去超市买水果。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi shuǐguǒ. I want to go to the supermarket to buy fruit. 她买了一件新衣服。 Tā mǎi...
公斤 (gōngjīn) — kilogram
公斤 (gōngjīn) 公斤 is the standard Chinese term for kilogram, the metric unit of mass. 公 indicates "metric/official" (from 公制, the metric system) and 斤 is the traditional Chinese unit of weight (approximately 500 grams). So 公斤 is literally "official jin," standardized to 1,000 grams. Meanings [measure word/noun] Kilogram (kg). Used to measure weight in the metric system. Example Sentences 这个西瓜有五公斤。 Zhège xīguā yǒu wǔ gōngjīn. This watermelon weighs five...
月 (yuè) — month; moon
月 (yuè) The word for both "month" and "moon"; months in Chinese are numbered (一月 = January, 十二月 = December), so knowing 月 plus numbers 1–12 gives you all twelve months automatically. Meanings [noun] Month (calendar month: 一月 through 十二月). [noun] Moon (the celestial body; also in compounds like 月亮, moonlight). Example Sentences 我的生日是三月十五号。 Wǒ de shēngrì shì Sān yuè shíwǔ hào. My birthday is March 15th. 这个月我很忙。 Zhège yuè...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) A verb phrase meaning "to make a phone call." It combines 打 (dǎ, to strike/hit, used for many actions) and 电话 (diànhuà, telephone). Together they form the standard expression for making a call. Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call, to call someone by phone. Example Sentences 我想给妈妈打电话。 Wǒ xiǎng gěi māma dǎ diànhuà. I want to make a phone call to my mom. 他正在打电话，请等一下。 Tā...
双 (shuāng) — pair; both; double (measure word)
双 (shuāng) 双 is the measure word for things that come in pairs: shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, eyes, and hands. It can also function as an adjective meaning "double" or "both." Compare it with 对 (duì), which is used for couples of people or matched sets like earrings. Meanings [mw] Pair — counts objects that naturally come in twos (shoes, socks, chopsticks). [adj] Double; both; twin — describes something that...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so; therefore
所以 (suǒyǐ) 所以 means "so" or "therefore." It introduces the result or conclusion that follows from the reason stated, often paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because). Meanings [conjunction] So; therefore; as a result (introduces the consequence or conclusion clause). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi qù. Because it was raining, so I did not go. 他很努力，所以成绩很好。 Tā hěn nǔlì, suǒyǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He works very hard, so...
再 (zài) — again (future), then, more
再 (zài) An adverb meaning "again" for future or hypothetical repetition. Key contrast with 又 (yòu): 再 is used for actions that will happen again or are being requested, while 又 describes repetition that has already occurred. Meanings [adv] Again (future repetition), one more time. [adv] Then (after something else happens first). [adv] More, further (with adjectives or longer). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it...
哪儿 (nǎr) — where
哪儿 (nǎr) The colloquial, northern-dialect form of "where," formed by adding the erhua suffix 儿 to 哪; it is interchangeable with 哪里 (nǎlǐ), but 哪儿 is more common in spoken Beijing Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] Where (asking about location or destination). [pronoun] Wherever (in an open or conditional sense). Example Sentences 你去哪儿？ Nǐ qù nǎr? Where are you going? 你家在哪儿？ Nǐ jiā zài nǎr? Where is your home? 厕所在哪儿？ Cèsuǒ zài...
出 (chū) — to go out; to exit; to emerge
出 (chū) 出 describes movement from inside to outside, or the emergence of something. It appears both as a standalone verb and as a directional complement attached to action verbs (e.g., 走出, 拿出, 说出). As a complement it indicates that the action results in something coming out or being produced. Meanings [verb] To go out; to exit; to come out. Movement from an enclosed space to the outside. [directional complement]...
最 (zuì) — most; -est (superlative)
最 (zuì) 最 is the superlative marker in Chinese. It always goes directly before an adjective or verb, never after it. Use it to form "the most…" or the "-est" form in English: 最好 (best), 最大 (biggest), 最喜欢 (like most). No additional words like 的 are needed between 最 and the adjective. Meanings [adv] Most; -est — forms the superlative of adjectives and stative verbs. [adv] Best; to the highest...
次 (cì) — time; occurrence; order
次 (cì) 次 is the measure word for occurrences or instances of an action — equivalent to "time" as in "three times." It differs from 遍 (biàn), which emphasizes completing the full course of an action, while 次 simply counts how many times something happened. Meanings [measure word] Time; occurrence. Counts how many times an action takes place. [noun/adjective] Order; sequence; second (in rank). Used in compounds like 次序 (order)...
着急 (zháojí) — anxious, worried, in a hurry
着急 (zháojí) Describes a state of anxiety, worry, or urgency. Used when someone is nervous about a situation or feels pressed for time. Common in the phrase 别着急 (don't worry / take it easy). Meanings [adj/verb] To be anxious, worried, or in a hurry; to feel urgent concern. Example Sentences 别着急，还有时间。 Bié zháojí, hái yǒu shíjiān. Don't worry. There is still time. 他很着急，一直看表。 Tā hěn zháojí, yīzhí kàn biǎo. He...
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) — I am fine; I am well
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) 我很好 means "I am fine" or "I am doing well." It is the most common response to the greeting 你好吗 (how are you?). Meanings [phrase] I am fine; I am well; I am doing great. Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! A: How are you? B: I am fine, thank you! 我很好，你呢？ Wǒ hěn hǎo, nǐ ne?...
别 (bié) — don't (imperative)
别 (bié) 别 is the negative imperative adverb meaning "don't." It precedes a verb to tell someone not to perform that action. The key distinction: 别 is a command or strong request directed at a person, while 不 simply states a factual negative. Use 别 when you want to stop or warn someone. Meanings [adverb] Don't (imperative). Commands or urges someone not to do something. Compare: 别走 (don't go —...
哥哥 (gēge) — older brother
哥哥 (gēge) 哥哥 means older brother. In Chinese culture, age order among siblings is built into the vocabulary itself, with distinct words for older and younger siblings of each gender. Meanings [noun] Older brother, elder brother. Example Sentences 我哥哥在北京工作。 Wǒ gēge zài Běijīng gōngzuò. My older brother works in Beijing. 哥哥比我高。 Gēge bǐ wǒ gāo. My older brother is taller than me. 你有哥哥吗？ Nǐ yǒu gēge ma? Do you have...
或者 (huòzhě) — or (in statements)
或者 (huòzhě) 或者 means "or" in statements and declarative sentences. This is a KEY learner confusion: 或者 belongs in statements, while 还是 (háishì) belongs in questions. Using 或者 in a question sounds unnatural. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in statements, not in questions). Example Sentences 你可以坐公共汽车或者打车去。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò gōnggòng qìchē huòzhě dǎ chē qù. You can take the bus or take a taxi to get there. 周六或者周日我都可以。 Zhōuliù huòzhě zhōurì...
结束 (jiéshù) — to end / finish
结束 (jiéshù) A word meaning "to end" or "to finish" as a verb, and "the end" as a noun. It signals the completion of an event or activity. Its antonym is 开始 (kāishǐ), meaning "to begin." Meanings [verb] To end, to finish, to conclude (an event or activity). [noun] The end, the conclusion (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点结束？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn jiéshù? What time does the movie end? 工作结束后，我去买东西。 Gōngzuò...
事情 (shìqing) — matter, thing, affair
事情 (shìqing) Refers to an affair, matter, or situation that involves doing or handling something. It is broader than 东西 (physical things) and covers events, tasks, and issues in daily life. Meanings [noun] Matter, affair, business, thing (non-physical). Example Sentences 我有一件事情想告诉你。 Wǒ yǒu yī jiàn shìqing xiǎng gàosu nǐ. I have something I want to tell you. 这件事情很重要。 Zhè jiàn shìqing hěn zhòngyào. This matter is very important. 他今天有很多事情要做。 Tā...
晚上 (wǎnshang) — evening, night
晚上 (wǎnshang) 晚上 means evening or night, covering the time from dusk until one goes to sleep. It is one of the most common time words in everyday Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Evening, night (approximately 18:00 onwards). Example Sentences 晚上我喜欢看电视。 Wǎnshang wǒ xǐhuān kàn diànshì. In the evening I like to watch TV. 今天晚上你有空吗？ Jīntiān wǎnshang nǐ yǒu kòng ma? Are you free this evening? 晚上好！ Wǎnshang hǎo! Good evening!...
苹果 (píngguǒ) — apple
苹果 (píngguǒ) An apple, one of the most common fruits. 苹果 is also famous as the name of the tech company Apple in Chinese, so this word appears in everyday language and technology contexts alike. Meanings [noun] Apple. The round fruit with red, yellow, or green skin and crisp white flesh. [noun] Apple (the technology brand), in informal usage. Example Sentences 我想吃苹果。 Wǒ xiǎng chī píngguǒ. I want to eat...
当然 (dāngrán) — of course; certainly
当然 (dāngrán) 当然 expresses that something is obvious, expected, or goes without saying. It functions like "of course," "naturally," or "certainly" in English and typically appears at the start of a sentence or before a verb. Meanings [adverb] Of course; naturally; certainly. Indicates that the statement is self-evident or expected. Example Sentences 你能来吗？— 当然能！ Nǐ néng lái ma? — Dāngrán néng! Can you come? — Of course I can! 当然，我很喜欢吃中国菜。...
看 (kàn) — to look at; to watch; to read
看 (kàn) 看 covers a wide range of visual activities. It means "to look at" (general), "to watch" (TV, a film, a performance), and "to read" (books, newspapers). Context makes the meaning clear. Meanings [verb] To look at, to see (directing your gaze at something). [verb] To watch (a screen, a show, a game). [verb] To read (books, newspapers, documents). Example Sentences 我晚上喜欢看电视。 Wǒ wǎnshang xǐhuān kàn diànshì. I like...
块 (kuài) — measure word for chunks and yuan
块 (kuài) A measure word used for chunks, lumps, or pieces of things, and also the spoken form of the Chinese currency unit yuan (元). 块 is extremely common in everyday speech. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for chunks, pieces, or lumps of solid material. [measure word] Spoken form of yuan (RMB currency unit). In speech, 块 replaces the formal 元. What 块 counts 块 is used with: 西瓜 (xīguā): watermelon...
中国 (Zhōngguó) — China
中国 (Zhōngguó) China, the country. 中 means "middle" or "center," and 国 means "country" or "nation." China historically called itself the "Middle Kingdom," the center of civilization. Meanings [proper noun] China. The People's Republic of China, a country in East Asia. Example Sentences 我来自中国。 Wǒ láizì Zhōngguó. I come from China. 中国是一个很大的国家。 Zhōngguó shì yī gè hěn dà de guójiā. China is a very large country. 我想去中国旅游。 Wǒ xiǎng qù...
手机 (shǒujī) — smartphone
手机 (shǒujī) A noun meaning mobile phone or smartphone. It literally means "hand machine." In modern Chinese, 手机 is the default word for any personal mobile device. Compare with 电话 (diànhuà), which originally meant telephone but now more often refers to phone calls rather than the device itself. If someone says 打电话, they mean making a call. If they talk about the object in your pocket, they say 手机. Meanings...
生病 (shēng bìng) — to get sick, to fall ill
生病 (shēng bìng) A verb-object compound meaning to become sick or to fall ill. 生 means to give rise to, and 病 means illness. Used when someone has become unwell. Meanings [verb] To get sick, to fall ill, to be sick. Example Sentences 他生病了，在家休息。 Tā shēng bìng le, zài jiā xiūxi. He got sick and is resting at home. 天气变化大，容易生病。 Tiānqì biànhuà dà, róngyì shēng bìng. When the weather changes...
不是 (bú shì) — no; is not; am not; are not
不是 (bú shì) 不是 means "is not," "am not," or simply "no" in response to a question about identity or status. It negates the verb 是 (to be). Meanings [phrase] Is not; am not; are not (negation of 是 in equational sentences). [phrase] No (as a standalone response when the question uses 是). Example Sentences 我不是老师，我是学生。 Wǒ bú shì lǎoshī, wǒ shì xuésheng. I am not a teacher, I am...
累 (lèi) — tired
累 (lèi) An adjective describing physical or mental fatigue, the feeling of needing rest after exertion. Meanings [adjective] Tired, fatigued, worn out. [verb] To tire someone out; to make weary. Example Sentences 我走了很长时间，现在很累。 Wǒ zǒule hěn cháng shíjiān, xiànzài hěn lèi. I walked for a long time and I am very tired now. 你累了吗？休息一下吧。 Nǐ lèi le ma? Xiūxi yīxià ba. Are you tired? Get some rest. 工作一天以后，他很累。 Gōngzuò yītiān...
三 (sān) — three
三 (sān) The number three; like other single-digit numbers, it pairs with a measure word when counting objects (三个, 三本, 三杯). Meanings [number] Three, the digit 3. [adjective] Several, a few (in idiomatic phrases: 三番五次, repeatedly). Example Sentences 我有三个好朋友。 Wǒ yǒu sān gè hǎo péngyou. I have three good friends. 他学中文学了三年了。 Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle sān nián le. He has been studying Chinese for three years. 请等三分钟。 Qǐng děng sān...
太 (tài) — too; excessively
太 (tài) 太 is an adverb meaning "too" or "excessively." It expresses that a quality exceeds an acceptable or desired level, and in everyday speech it also functions as a strong intensifier expressing delight. Meanings [adverb] Too; excessively (beyond an acceptable limit). [adverb] Extremely; so very (in exclamatory sentences expressing strong feeling). Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu tài guì le. This piece of clothing is too expensive. 今天太热了！ Jīntiān...
Lesson 1: Comparisons
Overview Comparisons are central to everyday conversation. In Chinese, there are three main ways to compare: using 比 (bǐ) to say something is more than another, using 没有 (méiyǒu) to say something is not as much as another, and using 一样 (yīyàng) to say two things are the same. Mastering all three gives you flexible, natural expression from the start. Learning Objectives Use A比B + adjective to make direct comparisons...
飞机 (fēijī) — airplane
飞机 (fēijī) An airplane or aircraft. 飞 means "to fly" and 机 means "machine," making 飞机 literally a "flying machine." Meanings [noun] Airplane, aircraft. A powered fixed-wing aircraft used for air travel. Example Sentences 我明天坐飞机去北京。 Wǒ míngtiān zuò fēijī qù Běijīng. I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 飞机几点起飞？ Fēijī jǐ diǎn qǐfēi? What time does the airplane take off? 坐飞机比坐火车快。 Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài. Taking the airplane is...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) 钱 means money. It is the everyday word for money in Mandarin, used for prices, payment, and wealth. The official currency unit 元 (yuán) is used in formal contexts, but 钱 covers money in general. Meanings [noun] Money, currency. Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I have no money left. 他花了很多钱买书。 Tā huā le hěn duō qián mǎi...
快乐 (kuàilè) — happy, joyful
快乐 (kuàilè) 快乐 means happy or joyful. It describes a genuine inner feeling of happiness. It is commonly used in greetings and well wishes, such as 生日快乐 (Happy Birthday) and 新年快乐 (Happy New Year). Meanings [adjective] Happy, joyful. Example Sentences 生日快乐！ Shēngrì kuàilè! Happy birthday! 他每天都很快乐。 Tā měitiān dōu hěn kuàilè. He is happy every day. 孩子们玩得很快乐。 Háizimen wán de hěn kuàilè. The children are playing happily. 我希望你永远快乐。 Wǒ xīwàng...
叫 (jiào) — to be called; to call out; to ask
叫 (jiào) 叫 is most commonly used to introduce a name: 我叫... (My name is...). It also means to call out or shout, and to tell or ask someone to do something. Meanings [verb] To be called, to have the name of (我叫 wǒ jiào = my name is). [verb] To call out, to shout, to cry out. [verb] To ask or tell (someone to do something). Example Sentences 我叫李明，你叫什么名字？...
慢 (màn) — slow
慢 (màn) An adjective and adverb meaning "slow" or "slowly." It describes low speed or unhurried movement. Its antonym is 快 (kuài), meaning "fast." Meanings [adjective] Slow, not fast. [adverb] Slowly (describing the manner of an action). Example Sentences 他说话很慢，我能听懂。 Tā shuōhuà hěn màn, wǒ néng tīngdǒng. He speaks very slowly, I can understand him. 请开慢一点，路很滑。 Qǐng kāi màn yīdiǎn, lù hěn huá. Please drive a little slower, the road...
公共汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē) — bus
公共汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē) A public bus, the most common form of urban public transportation. 公共 means "public," and 汽车 means "motor vehicle," so the full meaning is "public motor vehicle." Meanings [noun] Bus. A large motor vehicle carrying passengers along a fixed route. Example Sentences 我坐公共汽车去学校。 Wǒ zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù xuéxiào. I take the bus to school. 公共汽车来了。 Gōnggòng qìchē lái le. The bus has arrived. 公共汽车站在哪里？ Gōnggòng qìchē...
容易 (róngyì) — easy
容易 (róngyì) An adjective meaning easy or simple to do. It is the direct antonym of 难 (nán), which means difficult. 容易 can also mean "likely to happen" or "prone to" in some contexts. Meanings [adjective] Easy, simple, not difficult. [adjective] Likely, prone to (as in something that tends to happen). Example Sentences 这道题很容易，我一分钟就做完了。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì, wǒ yī fēnzhōng jiù zuò wán le. This problem is very...
我们 (wǒmen) — we, us
我们 (wǒmen) The first-person plural pronoun formed by adding 们 (men, a pluralizing suffix) to 我; it covers "we" as subject and "us" as object. Meanings [pronoun] We (subject). [pronoun] Us (object). [pronoun] Our (before 的: 我们的). Example Sentences 我们都是学生。 Wǒmen dōu shì xuésheng. We are all students. 老师喜欢我们。 Lǎoshī xǐhuan wǒmen. The teacher likes us. 我们的学校很大。 Wǒmen de xuéxiào hěn dà. Our school is very big. 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ...
跑 (pǎo) — to run
跑 (pǎo) A verb meaning "to run." It describes moving quickly on foot and is used for running for exercise, in a race, or to escape. The character uses the 足 (foot) radical on the left, making the meaning easy to remember. Meanings [verb] To run, to jog, to sprint. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshàng pǎobù. I go running every morning. 他跑得很快。 Tā pǎo de hěn kuài. He runs...
知道 (zhīdào) — to know (a fact)
知道 (zhīdào) 知道 means to know a fact, a piece of information, or a situation. It is used for knowing that something is true or knowing about something. Compare with 认识 (rènshi): 认识 is for knowing people or being familiar with something through experience, while 知道 is for knowing facts and information. Meanings [verb] To know (a fact, information, a situation). Example Sentences 你知道他住在哪里吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā zhù zài nǎlǐ...
条 (tiáo) — measure word for long, flexible things
条 (tiáo) A measure word used for long, narrow, or flexible objects and for certain categories of things like trousers, fish, rivers, and roads. 条 captures the idea of something elongated or strip-like. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for long, narrow, or flexible objects. [noun] Strip, piece, item. Used in compound words like 面条 (noodles). What 条 counts 条 is used with: 鱼 (yú): fish — 一条鱼 (one fish) 裤子 (kùzi):...
健康 (jiànkāng) — healthy; health
健康 (jiànkāng) 健康 functions both as an adjective (healthy) and a noun (health). As an adjective it modifies people and lifestyles: 你身体很健康 (you are in good health). As a noun it follows 为了 (for the sake of) or 注意 (pay attention to): 注意健康 (take care of your health). Meanings [adj] Healthy; in good health — physically or mentally well. [n] Health — one's state of physical or mental well-being. Example...
买到 (mǎi dào) — to manage to buy; to successfully purchase
买到 (mǎi dào) 买到 is a verb + result complement. 买 means "to buy" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — you obtained what you were trying to buy. It highlights the successful outcome of the purchasing attempt. The negative 买不到 means "can't get / impossible to find/buy," while 没买到 means "tried but failed to buy." Meanings [v+comp] Manage to buy; successfully obtain...
床 (chuáng) — bed
床 (chuáng) A noun meaning bed. It is a single-character word with no suffix, one of the few basic furniture words that does not take 子. The measure word for beds is 张 (zhāng), the same used for tables. Meanings [noun] Bed, sleeping surface. Example Sentences 我的床很舒服。 Wǒ de chuáng hěn shūfu. My bed is very comfortable. 他累了，去床上躺一躺。 Tā lèi le, qù chuáng shàng tǎng yi tǎng. He was tired...
听到 (tīng dào) — to hear; to catch (a sound)
听到 (tīng dào) 听到 is a verb + result complement. 听 means "to listen" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — the sound actually arrived and was registered. This is different from 听 alone (which just means the act of listening, without guaranteeing the sound was received). The negative is 没听到 (didn't hear) or 听不到 (can't hear). Meanings [v+comp] Hear; catch a sound...
外 (wài) — outside, beyond, other
外 (wài) A locative word meaning outside or beyond. Used to indicate physical location (outside a room, building) or figurative scope (beyond that, in addition to). The opposite is 内 (nèi, inside/interior). Meanings [noun/locative] Outside, exterior. [noun] Other, beyond, in addition to. Example Sentences 外面很冷，多穿点衣服。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, duō chuān diǎn yīfu. It is very cold outside. Wear more clothes. 请在门外等一下。 Qǐng zài mén wài děng yīxià. Please wait outside...
地方 (dìfāng) — place; area; part
地方 (dìfāng) 地方 is a general word for place or location. It can refer to a physical location, a region, or an abstract "part" of something (as in "there are some parts I don't understand"). It is more abstract and general than 地点 (dìdiǎn), which refers to a specific, named location. Meanings [noun] Place; location; area. A physical spot or region. [noun] Part; aspect. A specific element of something abstract,...
不客气 (bú kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bú kèqi) 不客气 is the standard polite response to 谢谢 (thank you). It literally means "don't be polite" or "no need for formality," making it feel warmer than a simple "you're welcome." Note the tone change: 不 is normally bù (4th tone) but becomes bú (2nd tone) before another 4th-tone syllable. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it. Used as a reply to thanks. [phrase] Don't be so polite;...
女儿 (nǚ'ér) — daughter
女儿 (nǚ'ér) 女儿 means daughter, a female child. 女 means "female/woman" and 儿 means "child/son," combining to mean "female child." Meanings [noun] Daughter, female child. Example Sentences 他们的女儿很聪明。 Tāmen de nǚ'ér hěn cōngmíng. Their daughter is very smart. 我女儿喜欢画画。 Wǒ nǚ'ér xǐhuān huàhuà. My daughter likes to draw. 你有女儿吗？ Nǐ yǒu nǚ'ér ma? Do you have a daughter? 女儿是爸爸的小棉袄。 Nǚ'ér shì bàba de xiǎo mián'ǎo. A daughter is her father's...
站 (zhàn) — to stand / station
站 (zhàn) A word used both as a verb meaning "to stand" and as a noun meaning a bus stop or train station. In everyday speech, both uses are frequent. Meanings [verb] To stand, to be standing. [noun] A stop, a station (for buses, trains, metro). Example Sentences 老师让我们站起来。 Lǎoshī ràng wǒmen zhàn qǐlái. The teacher asked us to stand up. 下一站是火车站。 Xià yī zhàn shì huǒchēzhàn. The next stop...
妹妹 (mèimei) — younger sister
妹妹 (mèimei) 妹妹 means younger sister. It refers to a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger sister, little sister. Example Sentences 我妹妹很可爱。 Wǒ mèimei hěn kě'ài. My younger sister is very cute. 妹妹喜欢唱歌。 Mèimei xǐhuān chànggē. My younger sister likes to sing. 你有妹妹吗？ Nǐ yǒu mèimei ma? Do you have a younger sister? 我的妹妹比我小五岁。 Wǒ de mèimei bǐ wǒ xiǎo wǔ suì. My younger sister...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound, voice, noise
声音 (shēngyīn) Refers to any audible sound, including a person's voice, music, noise, or any acoustic signal. It covers both natural sounds and the human voice. Meanings [noun] Sound, noise. [noun] Voice (of a person). Example Sentences 外面的声音很大。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn hěn dà. The sound outside is very loud. 她的声音很好听。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng. Her voice is very pleasant. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīng dào le yīgè qíguài de shēngyīn. I...
茶 (chá) — tea
茶 (chá) Tea, the most culturally significant beverage in China. 茶 refers to both the drink and the tea leaves themselves. The word "tea" in most world languages originates from Chinese. Meanings [noun] Tea. A hot or cold drink made by infusing dried tea leaves in water. [noun] Tea leaves. The dried plant material used to brew the drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶吗？ Nǐ hē chá ma? Do you drink tea?...
英语 (Yīngyǔ) — English language
英语 (Yīngyǔ) The English language. 英 is the phonetic approximation of "Eng-" (from "England") and also conveniently means "outstanding" or "hero" in Chinese. 语 means "language." Meanings [noun] English language. The language originating from England, widely used internationally. Example Sentences 你会说英语吗？ Nǐ huì shuō Yīngyǔ ma? Can you speak English? 我在学英语。 Wǒ zài xué Yīngyǔ. I am studying English. 他的英语说得很好。 Tā de Yīngyǔ shuō de hěn hǎo. He speaks English...
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) — a little; a bit
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) 一点儿 means "a little" or "a bit." It softens statements about degree or quantity and is one of the most common hedging expressions in Mandarin. Meanings [adverb] A little; slightly (modifying an adjective or verb to reduce intensity). [noun phrase] A small amount of (before a noun to indicate a small quantity). Example Sentences 我会说一点儿汉语。 Wǒ huì shuō yīdiǎnr Hànyǔ. I can speak a little Chinese. 这个菜有一点儿辣。 Zhège...
火车 (huǒchē) — train
火车 (huǒchē) A train. 火 means "fire" and 车 means "vehicle," a reference to the steam-powered locomotives of early railway history. Today it refers to any train. Meanings [noun] Train. A series of connected railway cars pulled by a locomotive. Example Sentences 我坐火车去上海。 Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù Shànghǎi. I am taking the train to Shanghai. 火车几点到？ Huǒchē jǐ diǎn dào? What time does the train arrive? 火车票比飞机票便宜。 Huǒchē piào bǐ...
男人 (nánrén) — man
男人 (nánrén) A noun meaning man or adult male. It combines 男 (male) and 人 (person). In everyday speech, 男人 typically refers to adult men, while 男孩 (nánhái) refers to boys. Meanings [noun] Man, adult male. [noun] Men in general (as a group or category). Example Sentences 那个男人是我的老师。 Nàge nánrén shì wǒ de lǎoshī. That man is my teacher. 这个工作需要一个男人来做吗？不需要。 Zhège gōngzuò xūyào yīgè nánrén lái zuò ma? Bù xūyào....
吗 (ma) — yes/no question particle
吗 (ma) 吗 is a sentence-final particle that converts any statement into a yes/no question. It is one of the simplest and most essential particles in Mandarin. Meanings [particle] Question marker for yes/no questions (always sentence-final). Example Sentences 你是学生吗？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ma? Are you a student? 你吃饭了吗？ Nǐ chīfàn le ma? Have you eaten? 他今天来吗？ Tā jīntiān lái ma? Is he coming today? 这个好吃吗？ Zhège hǎo chī ma? Is...
没 (méi) — not (past negation), have not
没 (méi) The negation word used for past actions and the verb 有 (to have). 没 is short for 没有 (méiyǒu). It signals that something did not happen or does not exist. Meanings [adverb] Did not. Negates completed past actions. [adverb] Have not, has not. Negates the verb 有 (to have or exist). 没 vs. 不: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 没. Use 没...
用 (yòng) — to use
用 (yòng) A common verb meaning "to use" something. It also functions as a preposition meaning "with" or "by means of" (using a tool or method). It is one of the most frequent words in daily Chinese. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ, to make use of. [preposition] With, by means of (using a tool or method). Example Sentences 你用什么写字？ Nǐ yòng shénme xiězì? What do you use to write?...
出租车 (chūzūchē) — taxi
出租车 (chūzūchē) A taxi or cab, a vehicle hired by passengers for point-to-point travel. 出租 means "to rent out," and 车 means "vehicle." Meanings [noun] Taxi, cab. A car available for hire, driven by a licensed driver. Example Sentences 我叫了一辆出租车。 Wǒ jiào le yī liàng chūzūchē. I called a taxi. 出租车多少钱？ Chūzūchē duōshao qián? How much does the taxi cost? 我坐出租车去机场。 Wǒ zuò chūzūchē qù jīchǎng. I took a taxi...
好看 (hǎokàn) — good-looking
好看 (hǎokàn) An adjective meaning pleasant to look at or good-looking. Unlike 漂亮 (piàoliang), which focuses on striking human beauty, 好看 is broader and more neutral. It can describe scenery, clothes, objects, movies, and people. Think of 好看 as "nice to look at" and 漂亮 as "beautiful/pretty." Meanings [adjective] Good-looking, pleasant to look at (for people, objects, scenery, or media). [adjective] Interesting, worth watching (for films, books, or shows). Example...
认为 (rènwéi) — to think, to consider, to believe
认为 (rènwéi) Used to express a personal opinion or belief, equivalent to "I think that..." or "I consider..." It introduces a clause and is more formal than 觉得, focusing on intellectual judgment rather than feelings. Meanings [verb] To think that, to consider, to be of the opinion that. Example Sentences 我认为这个方法很好。 Wǒ rènwéi zhège fāngfǎ hěn hǎo. I think this method is very good. 他认为学中文不难。 Tā rènwéi xué Zhōngwén bù...
找到 (zhǎo dào) — to find; to successfully locate
找到 (zhǎo dào) 找到 is a verb + result complement. 找 means "to look for / search" and 到 is the result complement indicating that the searching action reached its goal — you actually found it. Without 到, 找 is just the act of searching (outcome unknown). 找不到 means "can't find" and 没找到 means "searched but didn't find." Meanings [v+comp] Find; locate — the search was successful. [v+comp] Track down;...
一 (yī) — one
一 (yī) The number one, written as a single horizontal stroke; its tone changes depending on what follows: yí before 4th-tone syllables, yì before 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-tone syllables. Meanings [number] One, the digit 1. [adverb] Once, as soon as (in patterns like 一…就…: as soon as… then…). [determiner] A, an (indefinite article function before measure word + noun). Example Sentences 我有一个姐姐。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè jiějie. I have one...
他们 (tāmen) — they, them
他们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun used for groups of males or mixed-gender groups; for all-female groups, 她们 is preferred in writing, though both are spoken identically as tāmen. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, masculine or mixed group). [pronoun] Them (object). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 他们的). Example Sentences 他们都是我的朋友。 Tāmen dōu shì wǒ de péngyou. They are all my friends. 我不认识他们。 Wǒ bú rènshi tāmen. I do not know them. 他们的学校在哪里？...
Lesson 9: Phone & Communication
Overview Modern Chinese communication is dominated by smartphones and apps, especially WeChat. This lesson covers the vocabulary and structures for making phone calls, sending messages, and discussing digital communication. These phrases come up constantly in daily life and are essential for staying connected in a Chinese-speaking environment. Learning Objectives Use 打电话 and related verb compounds for communication actions Ask and answer questions about availability with 方便 and 在线 Describe messaging...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute
可爱 (kě'ài) An adjective meaning cute, adorable, or lovable. It describes people, animals, or objects that inspire affection, often through their small size, round features, or innocent manner. Meanings [adjective] Cute, adorable, lovable (for people, animals, and things). [adjective] Charming, endearing in a sweet way. Example Sentences 这只小狗太可爱了！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu tài kě'ài le! This little dog is so adorable! 她的女儿非常可爱。 Tā de nǚ'ér fēicháng kě'ài. Her daughter is extremely...
希望 (xīwàng) — to hope, hope
希望 (xīwàng) Expresses a desire for something desirable but uncertain, similar to "I hope that..." Key contrast: 希望 is used for things you hope may happen (uncertain outcome), while 想 expresses wanting something or missing someone. Meanings [verb] To hope (that something will happen). [noun] Hope, aspiration. Example Sentences 我希望你一切都好。 Wǒ xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. I hope everything is going well for you. 她希望明年去中国留学。 Tā xīwàng míngnián qù Zhōngguó...
给 (gěi) — to give; for (someone)
给 (gěi) 给 means "to give" as a main verb and "for" or "to" as a preposition indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action. Meanings [verb] To give; to hand over (something to someone). [preposition] For; to (indicating the recipient before the main verb). Example Sentences 我给你一本书。 Wǒ gěi nǐ yī běn shū. I give you a book. 妈妈给我做了饭。 Māma gěi wǒ zuò le fàn. Mom made food for...
比 (bǐ) — than; to compare
比 (bǐ) 比 is the core comparison word in Chinese. The standard structure is A + 比 + B + adjective, meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." A key rule: you cannot add 更 (gèng) or 非常 (fēicháng) after the adjective in the same sentence with 比. Use a specific amount or simply the plain adjective instead. Meanings [preposition] Than. Introduces the second term in a comparison. [verb] To...
西瓜 (xīguā) — watermelon
西瓜 (xīguā) Watermelon, one of the most beloved summer fruits in China. 西 means "west" and 瓜 means "melon" or "gourd." Watermelons were introduced to China from the west along the Silk Road, giving the fruit its name. Meanings [noun] Watermelon. A large round fruit with green skin, red flesh, and high water content. Example Sentences 夏天我喜欢吃西瓜。 Xiàtiān wǒ xǐhuān chī xīguā. I like to eat watermelon in summer. 这个西瓜很甜。...
懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how
懂 (dǒng) 懂 means to understand in the sense of having internalized knowledge or a skill. It is used for languages, subjects, and areas of expertise. Compare with 明白 (míngbai), which means to understand a specific explanation or situation and become clear on it. Use 懂 for skills and domains; use 明白 when something "clicks" in context. Meanings [verb] To understand; to know how; to be knowledgeable about. Implies a...
喜欢 (xǐhuān) — to like, to enjoy
喜欢 (xǐhuān) 喜欢 means to like or to enjoy. It expresses a preference or fondness and is used before nouns (things you like) and before verbs (activities you enjoy doing). Meanings [verb] To like, to be fond of. [verb] To enjoy doing something (followed by another verb). Example Sentences 我很喜欢中国菜。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài. I really like Chinese food. 你喜欢做什么？ Nǐ xǐhuān zuò shénme? What do you like to...
爬山 (páshān) — to climb a mountain, hiking
爬山 (páshān) 爬山 means to climb a mountain or go hiking. 爬 means to crawl or climb and 山 means mountain. It is a verb-object phrase and a popular leisure activity in China. Meanings [verb phrase] To climb a mountain, to go hiking. Example Sentences 周末我们去爬山吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù páshān ba. Let's go hiking this weekend. 他喜欢爬山，每个月都去一次。 Tā xǐhuān páshān, měi gè yuè dōu qù yī cì. He likes hiking...
哪 (nǎ) — which
哪 (nǎ) An interrogative determiner and pronoun used to ask "which" when choosing among two or more options; it pairs with a measure word before a noun, exactly like 这 and 那. Meanings [determiner] Which (before a measure word and noun: 哪 + measure word + noun). [pronoun] Which one (used alone). Example Sentences 你喜欢哪个颜色？ Nǐ xǐhuan nǎge yánsè? Which color do you like? 你是哪国人？ Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?...
弟弟 (dìdi) — younger brother
弟弟 (dìdi) 弟弟 means younger brother. It refers specifically to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger brother, little brother. Example Sentences 我弟弟今年八岁。 Wǒ dìdi jīnnián bā suì. My younger brother is eight years old this year. 弟弟喜欢玩游戏。 Dìdi xǐhuān wán yóuxì. My younger brother likes to play games. 你有弟弟吗？ Nǐ yǒu dìdi ma? Do you have a younger brother? 我要照顾好我的弟弟。 Wǒ yào zhàogù hǎo...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel, to think (subjectively)
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling or personal impression. It is used when your opinion comes from how something feels to you rather than from logic. Key contrast: 认为 (rènwéi) is used for reasoned, formal opinions, while 觉得 is feeling-based and personal. Meanings [verb] To feel (physically or emotionally). [verb] To think, to find (expressing a personal impression). Example Sentences 我觉得这道菜很好吃。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī. I...
日 (rì) — day; sun
日 (rì) The word for both "day" and "sun"; in dates, 日 is the formal written form for a day of the month (especially in official documents), while 号 (hào) is the colloquial spoken equivalent. Both mean the same thing in dates. Meanings [noun] Day (of the month, formal: 三月十日 = March 10th). [noun] Sun (the celestial body; in compounds: 日出 = sunrise, 日落 = sunset). [noun] Day, daytime (in...
您好 (nín hǎo) — hello (formal/respectful)
您好 (nín hǎo) 您好 is the formal and respectful version of 你好. It is used when greeting elders, teachers, bosses, clients, or anyone to whom you wish to show deference. Meanings [phrase] Hello (formal/respectful). A polite greeting used toward people of higher status or those deserving respect. Example Sentences 王老师，您好！ Wáng lǎoshī, nín hǎo! Hello, Teacher Wang! 您好，我可以帮您吗？ Nín hǎo, wǒ kěyǐ bāng nín ma? Hello, may I help you?...
篇 (piān) — piece of writing; article (measure word)
篇 (piān) 篇 is the measure word for complete pieces of written work: articles, essays, compositions, reports, and chapters. Use it when the writing is a whole, finished piece rather than a fragment. It is the right choice for 作文 (composition), 文章 (article), 日记 (diary entry), and 报告 (report). Meanings [mw] Piece; article — counts a complete written or composed work. [mw] Essay; composition — specifically for student writing or...
没关系 (méi guānxi) — it's okay; no problem
没关系 (méi guānxi) 没关系 means "it's okay," "no problem," or "never mind." It is the standard reassuring response when someone apologizes to you. Meanings [phrase] It's okay; no problem; don't worry about it; never mind (forgiving or reassuring the other person). Example Sentences A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B: Méi guānxi! A: Sorry! B: It's okay! 没关系，我不介意。 Méi guānxi, wǒ bù jièyì. It's fine, I don't mind. 你迟到了？没关系，我刚到。 Nǐ...
特别 (tèbié) — especially; particularly; special
特别 (tèbié) 特别 serves as both an intensifying adverb (especially, particularly — stronger than 很) and a descriptive adjective (special, unusual). As an adverb it sits before adjectives or verbs: 特别好吃 (especially delicious). As an adjective it describes things that stand out from the norm: 这很特别 (this is special/unusual). Meanings [adv] Especially; particularly — an intensifier stronger than 非常, implying something exceeds expectations. [adj] Special; unique; extraordinary — different from...
医生 (yīshēng) — doctor
医生 (yīshēng) A noun meaning doctor or physician. It combines 医 (medicine, heal) and 生 (person). In Chinese, 医生 is the general word for a medical doctor, used across all specialties. Meanings [noun] Doctor, physician, medical professional. Example Sentences 我想当一名医生，帮助病人。 Wǒ xiǎng dāng yī míng yīshēng, bāngzhù bìngrén. I want to become a doctor and help patients. 你不舒服吗？去看医生吧。 Nǐ bù shūfu ma? Qù kàn yīshēng ba. Are you feeling unwell?...
完 (wán) — finished, done, to run out
完 (wán) Most commonly used as a result complement after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed. For example, 吃完 means "finished eating," 做完 means "done with the task." It can also stand alone meaning "finished" or "over." Meanings [complement] Completion result complement: the action is finished/done. [verb] To run out, to be finished, to be over. Example Sentences 我已经做完作业了。 Wǒ yǐjīng zuò wán zuòyè le....
看见 (kàn jiàn) — to see; to catch sight of
看见 (kàn jiàn) 看见 is a verb + result complement structure. 看 means "to look/watch" and 见 is the complement meaning "perceive/succeed in seeing." Together they mean the act of looking was successful — you actually saw something. Compare 看 (looking, possibly without result) with 看见 (looked and did see). The negative is 没看见 (didn't see / couldn't see). Meanings [v+comp] See; catch sight of — look and successfully perceive...
哪里 (nǎlǐ) — where
哪里 (nǎlǐ) The standard written form and southern-preferred spoken form of "where," fully interchangeable with 哪儿 (nǎr) in meaning; 哪里 is more common in formal writing, the south, and Taiwan Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] Where (asking about location or destination). [pronoun] Wherever (open or conditional sense). [phrase] "Not at all / you're too kind" (set phrase in response to a compliment). Example Sentences 你想去哪里？ Nǐ xiǎng qù nǎlǐ? Where do you...
花 (huā) — flower; to spend (money/time)
花 (huā) 花 has two core uses: as a noun it means flower, and as a verb it means to spend money or time. Context makes the meaning clear. Both uses are common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Flower, blossom. [verb] To spend (money or time). Example Sentences 桌子上有一束花。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yī shù huā. There is a bunch of flowers on the table. 这件衣服花了我很多钱。 Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le...
担心 (dānxīn) — to worry; to be concerned
担心 (dānxīn) 担心 means to worry or to be concerned. It can be followed directly by a noun phrase or a full clause. The subject of the worry and the cause of the worry can be the same or different people. The negative 别担心 (don't worry) is one of the most common uses. Meanings [verb] To worry; to be concerned. Used with a noun phrase: 担心他 (worried about him). Also...
旁边 (pángbiān) — beside, next to
旁边 (pángbiān) 旁边 means beside or next to. It is a location word (localizer) placed after a noun to indicate the space immediately adjacent to something. Structure: Noun + 旁边. Meanings [noun / localizer] The side, beside, next to. Example Sentences 银行旁边有一家咖啡店。 Yínháng pángbiān yǒu yī jiā kāfēi diàn. There is a café next to the bank. 请坐在我旁边。 Qǐng zuò zài wǒ pángbiān. Please sit beside me. 书包在椅子旁边。 Shūbāo zài...
学生 (xuésheng) — student
学生 (xuésheng) A noun meaning student or pupil. It refers to anyone who is studying, from primary school children to university students. The word combines 学 (learn/study) and 生 (person/life). Meanings [noun] Student, pupil, learner. Example Sentences 我是一名汉语学生。 Wǒ shì yī míng Hànyǔ xuésheng. I am a Chinese language student. 这个班有二十个学生。 Zhège bān yǒu èrshí gè xuésheng. There are twenty students in this class. 学生们都很认真。 Xuéshengmen dōu hěn rènzhēn. All...
生气 (shēng qì) — to get angry, angry
生气 (shēng qì) Used as a verb meaning to get angry, or as a predicate adjective meaning to be angry. Often followed by 了 to show the anger has arisen, or used with 别 to tell someone not to be angry. Meanings [verb] To get angry, to become upset. [adj] Angry, upset. Example Sentences 他迟到了，老师很生气。 Tā chídào le, lǎoshī hěn shēng qì. He was late and the teacher was very...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). 季 means a season or quarter and 节 means a festival or juncture. Meanings [noun] Season (of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎge jìjié? Which season do you like most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jìjié. Autumn is my favorite season. 每个季节都有不同的水果。 Měi gè jìjié dōu...
右边 (yòubiān) — right side; to the right
右边 (yòubiān) 右边 is a direction noun meaning "the right side." Use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 右边 to express location. It pairs naturally with 左边 (left side) when giving directions or describing spatial layouts. For turning, use 向右 or 往右走. Meanings [n] Right side; the right — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the right — used with 在 to place objects in...
好 (hǎo) — good / well / OK
好 (hǎo) One of the most important and versatile words in Mandarin. As an adjective, 好 means "good" or "fine." As an adverb before a verb or adjective, it means "well" or "very." As a standalone response, 好 means "OK," "sure," or "alright." It also appears in many fixed phrases and compounds. Meanings [adjective] Good, fine, well (describing things or states). [adverb] Well (describing how something is done); very (intensifier...
电脑 (diànnǎo) — computer
电脑 (diànnǎo) A noun meaning computer. It literally means "electric brain," combining 电 (electricity) and 脑 (brain). This is a vivid and memorable compound, and it reflects the way early Chinese speakers imagined computers as thinking machines. Meanings [noun] Computer (desktop, laptop, or any personal computer). Example Sentences 我每天都用电脑工作。 Wǒ měitiān dōu yòng diànnǎo gōngzuò. I use a computer for work every day. 这台电脑很快，新买的。 Zhè tái diànnǎo hěn kuài, xīn...
啊 (a) — sentence-final particle
啊 (a) 啊 is a sentence-final particle that changes tone depending on the ending sound of the word before it, and each tone carries a distinct emotional nuance. Tonal Variants and Meanings ā (neutral/flat) Used after a vowel or nasal sound. Expresses a mild response, acknowledgment, or sudden realization. 哦，原来如此啊。 (Oh, so that's how it is.) á (rising) Expresses surprise, disbelief, or a request to repeat. 啊？你说什么？ (What? What did...
今天 (jīntiān) — today
今天 (jīntiān) The word for "today," formed from 今 (jīn, now/present) and 天 (tiān, day/sky); as a time word, it typically appears at the beginning of a sentence or right before the verb, not at the end. Meanings [noun/time word] Today (the current day). Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? How is the weather today? 我今天很累，不想出去。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn lèi, bù xiǎng chūqù. I am very tired today and do...
下午 (xiàwǔ) — afternoon
下午 (xiàwǔ) 下午 means afternoon, the period from noon to roughly early evening. 下 means "below/under" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "after noon." Meanings [noun] Afternoon (approximately 12:00 to 18:00). Example Sentences 下午我去买东西。 Xiàwǔ wǒ qù mǎi dōngxi. In the afternoon I go shopping. 他下午三点来我家。 Tā xiàwǔ sān diǎn lái wǒ jiā. He is coming to my home at three in the afternoon. 今天下午有会议吗？ Jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu...
啤酒 (píjiǔ) — beer
啤酒 (píjiǔ) 啤酒 means beer. 啤 is a phonetic borrowing representing "beer" and 酒 means alcoholic drink. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in China. Meanings [noun] Beer. Example Sentences 你喜欢喝啤酒吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān hē píjiǔ ma? Do you like drinking beer? 我要一瓶啤酒。 Wǒ yào yī píng píjiǔ. I want a bottle of beer. 天热的时候喝冰啤酒很舒服。 Tiān rè de shíhou hē bīng píjiǔ hěn shūfu. Drinking cold beer when it's...
Lesson 13: Talking About the Past
Overview Chinese has two distinct ways of talking about the past: the completion marker 了 (covered in Lesson 4) and the experiential marker 过 (guò). Where 了 says something happened, 过 says you have had the experience of something at some point in your life. This lesson focuses on 过, the contrast between 以前 and 以后, and vocabulary for discussing memories and life experiences. Learning Objectives Use 过 to express...
再见 (zàijiàn) — goodbye; see you
再见 (zàijiàn) 再见 means "goodbye" or "see you." It is the universal farewell in Mandarin, used when parting from someone regardless of when you expect to meet again. Meanings [phrase] Goodbye; see you; farewell. Example Sentences 再见！明天见！ Zàijiàn! Míngtiān jiàn! Goodbye! See you tomorrow! 老师再见！ Lǎoshī zàijiàn! Goodbye, teacher! A: 再见！ B: 再见！路上小心！ A: Zàijiàn! B: Zàijiàn! Lùshàng xiǎoxīn! A: Goodbye! B: Goodbye! Take care on the way! 时间不早了，我先走了，再见！ Shíjiān...
点 (diǎn) — o'clock; a bit; point
点 (diǎn) 点 is essential for telling time in Chinese. After a number it means "o'clock." It also appears in 一点 (yīdiǎn, "a little") and as a standalone noun meaning "point" or "dot." Meanings [noun/measure word] O'clock (used after a number to state the hour). [noun] A dot, a point. [adverb] A little, a bit (in 一点 or 有点). Example Sentences 现在三点了。 Xiànzài sān diǎn le. It is three o'clock...
明天 (míngtiān) — tomorrow
明天 (míngtiān) 明天 refers to tomorrow, the day after today. It functions as both a time noun and a time adverb, placed before the main verb or at the start of a sentence. Meanings [noun/adverb] Tomorrow, the next day. Example Sentences 明天我有一个重要的会议。 Míngtiān wǒ yǒu yī gè zhòngyào de huìyì. Tomorrow I have an important meeting. 你明天去哪里？ Nǐ míngtiān qù nǎlǐ? Where are you going tomorrow? 明天天气怎么样？ Míngtiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng?...
对 (duì) — correct; right; toward; to
对 (duì) 对 is one of the most versatile characters in Mandarin. As an adjective it means correct or right. As a preposition it means "toward" or "to" someone, introducing who an action is directed at. It also appears in the common affirmative reply 对 (correct/yes, that's right). Meanings [adjective] Correct; right. The answer or action matches what is expected. [preposition] Toward; to; regarding. Introduces the person or thing that...
昨天 (zuótiān) — yesterday
昨天 (zuótiān) 昨天 means yesterday, the day before today. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb as a time expression. Meanings [noun/adverb] Yesterday, the previous day. Example Sentences 昨天我去了图书馆。 Zuótiān wǒ qù le túshūguǎn. Yesterday I went to the library. 她昨天没有来上课。 Tā zuótiān méiyǒu lái shàngkè. She did not come to class yesterday. 你昨天晚上做什么了？ Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang zuò shénme le? What did you do...
回 (huí) — to return / to go back
回 (huí) A verb meaning "to return" or "to go back" to a place you have been before. It always implies returning to a familiar or original location. It also appears in 回答 (huídá, to answer) and 回来 (huílái, to come back). Meanings [verb] To return, to go back, to come back to a place. Example Sentences 我想回家。 Wǒ xiǎng huí jiā. I want to go home. 他昨天回来了。 Tā zuótiān...
干净 (gānjìng) — clean; tidy
干净 (gānjìng) 干净 describes something free of dirt, mess, or impurity. It works as a predicate adjective (桌子很干净 — the table is clean) or a pre-noun modifier (干净的衣服 — clean clothes). Its opposite is 脏 (zāng — dirty). Meanings [adj] Clean; spotless — free of dirt or stains. [adj] Tidy; neat — well-organized and orderly. Example Sentences 这家餐厅非常干净。 Zhè jiā cāntīng fēicháng gānjìng. This restaurant is extremely clean. 请把手洗干净。 Qǐng...
错 (cuò) — wrong
错 (cuò) An adjective meaning wrong, incorrect, or mistaken. It is the direct antonym of 对 (duì). It is also used as a noun to mean a mistake or error. Meanings [adjective] Wrong, incorrect, mistaken. [noun] A mistake, an error. Example Sentences 这道题你做错了。 Zhè dào tí nǐ zuò cuò le. You did this problem incorrectly. 对不起，我说错了，请原谅我。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ shuō cuò le, qǐng yuánliàng wǒ. Sorry, I said something wrong, please...
只 (zhǐ) — only; just
只 (zhǐ) 只 narrows a statement to a single item, amount, or condition. It always sits before the verb or the element it restricts. Note: 只 is also a measure word for small animals (yī zhī māo — one cat), but that is a separate word with a different tone (zhī) and usage. Meanings [adv] Only; merely; just — limits quantity or scope. [adv] Used in patterns 只有…才… (only if…then…)...
星期 (xīngqī) — week; day of the week
星期 (xīngqī) The word for "week" and the base for all weekday names; add a number 1–6 for Monday through Saturday, and add 日 or 天 for Sunday: 星期一 (Monday), 星期二 (Tuesday), ..., 星期六 (Saturday), 星期日/星期天 (Sunday). Meanings [noun] Week (a period of seven days). [noun] Day of the week (when followed by a number or 日/天). Example Sentences 今天星期几？ Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ? What day of the week is today?...
不客气 (bù kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bù kèqi) 不客气 means "you're welcome." It is the standard response to 谢谢 (thank you) and signals that no formality or debt is needed. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it; no need to be polite. Example Sentences A: 谢谢你！ B: 不客气！ A: Xièxiè nǐ! B: Bù kèqi! A: Thank you! B: You're welcome! 不客气，这是我应该做的。 Bù kèqi, zhè shì wǒ yīnggāi zuò de. You're welcome, this is what I...
题 (tí) — question, topic, problem
题 (tí) Refers to a question on a test or exam, a problem to be solved, or a topic. Counted with the measure word 道 (dào) or 个 (gè). Often seen in compound words like 问题 (question/problem) and 题目 (topic/title). Meanings [noun] Question (on a test), problem, exercise. [noun] Topic, subject. Example Sentences 这道题很难。 Zhè dào tí hěn nán. This question is very difficult. 考试有二十道题。 Kǎoshì yǒu èrshí dào tí....
那 (nà) — that
那 (nà) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "that," pointing to people or things away from the speaker; its near counterpart is 这 (zhè, this). Before measure words it is sometimes pronounced nèi in fast speech. Meanings [pronoun] That (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] That (before a measure word and noun: 那 + measure word + noun). [conjunction] Then, in that case (introducing a conclusion: 那就…). Example...
好吃 (hǎochī) — delicious
好吃 (hǎochī) An adjective meaning delicious or tasty. It literally combines 好 (good) and 吃 (eat), making it one of the most transparent and memorable compounds in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Delicious, tasty, good to eat. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎochī! This dish is truly delicious! 妈妈做的饭最好吃了。 Māma zuò de fàn zuì hǎochī le. The food Mom makes is the most delicious. 你觉得这个蛋糕好吃吗？ Nǐ juéde zhège dàngāo hǎochī ma?...
人 (rén) — person
人 (rén) A fundamental noun meaning person or people. It is one of the most common characters in Chinese and forms the base of countless compound words. The character itself depicts a person in profile, with two strokes representing legs. Meanings [noun] A person, a human being. [noun] People in general (no plural marker needed in Chinese). Example Sentences 那个人是谁？ Nàge rén shì shéi? Who is that person? 这里有很多人。 Zhèlǐ...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so, therefore, that is why
所以 (suǒyǐ) A conjunction that introduces a result or conclusion. It is almost always paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because) in the pattern 因为…所以… meaning "because... therefore..." Either part may be omitted in conversation. Meanings [conj] So, therefore, that is why (introducing a result or conclusion). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没出去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi chūqù. Because it was raining, I did not go out. 他生病了，所以没来上课。 Tā shēng bìng le, suǒyǐ...
水 (shuǐ) — water
水 (shuǐ) Water, the most essential liquid. 水 is one of the most fundamental characters in Chinese, appearing in hundreds of compound words related to liquids, rivers, and flow. Meanings [noun] Water. The clear liquid essential for life, drinking, and cooking. [noun] Any liquid in general, in some compound words. Example Sentences 我想喝水。 Wǒ xiǎng hē shuǐ. I want to drink water. 请给我一杯水。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ. Please...
去 (qù) — to go
去 (qù) 去 means "to go," indicating movement away from the speaker's current position toward a destination. It contrasts with 来 (lái), which means movement toward the speaker. Use 去 when you are heading away; use 来 when you or someone else is heading to where the speaker is. Meanings [verb] To go (movement away from the speaker). Example Sentences 我要去超市买东西。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I want to...
地铁 (dìtiě) — subway, metro
地铁 (dìtiě) The subway or metro, an underground urban rail transit system. 地 means "ground/earth" and 铁 means "iron/rail," so the word literally means "underground iron (rail)." Meanings [noun] Subway, metro. An underground or elevated urban railway system. Example Sentences 我每天坐地铁上班。 Wǒ měitiān zuò dìtiě shàngbān. I take the subway to work every day. 地铁站在哪里？ Dìtiě zhàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the subway station? 坐地铁比坐出租车快。 Zuò dìtiě bǐ zuò chūzūchē...
咖啡 (kāfēi) — coffee
咖啡 (kāfēi) Coffee, the popular hot beverage made from roasted coffee beans. 咖啡 is a phonetic transliteration of the English word "coffee." Meanings [noun] Coffee. A hot drink made from roasted and ground coffee beans. Example Sentences 我喜欢喝咖啡。 Wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. I like to drink coffee. 你要喝咖啡还是茶？ Nǐ yào hē kāfēi háishì chá? Do you want coffee or tea? 我每天早上喝一杯咖啡。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang hē yī bēi kāfēi. I drink...
因为 (yīnwèi) — because
因为 (yīnwèi) 因为 means "because." It introduces the reason or cause for a situation, and is frequently paired with 所以 (suǒyǐ, therefore) to form a cause-and-effect structure. Meanings [conjunction] Because; since; due to the fact that (introduces the reason clause). Example Sentences 我迟到了，因为路上堵车。 Wǒ chídào le, yīnwèi lùshàng dǔchē. I was late because there was traffic on the road. 因为今天下雨，所以我没有出门。 Yīnwèi jīntiān xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. Because it...
书 (shū) — book
书 (shū) A noun meaning book. It is a core vocabulary word that appears in many important compound words related to education, reading, and learning. Meanings [noun] Book, written work. [noun] (In compounds) Writing, calligraphy. Example Sentences 我每天都看书。 Wǒ měitiān dōu kàn shū. I read books every day. 这本书非常有意思。 Zhè běn shū fēicháng yǒu yìsi. This book is very interesting. 图书馆有很多书。 Túshūguǎn yǒu hěn duō shū. The library has many...
才 (cái) — not until; only then
才 (cái) 才 is a timing adverb meaning "not until," "only then," or "just now." It signals that the action happened later, slower, or with more effort than expected. Meanings [adverb] Not until; only after (implying lateness or difficulty). [adverb] Just now; only a moment ago. [adverb] Only; merely (limiting quantity or degree). Example Sentences 他九点才到。 Tā jiǔ diǎn cái dào. He didn't arrive until nine o'clock. 我昨天才知道这件事。 Wǒ zuótiān...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious; earnest; conscientious
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes an attitude of taking something seriously and giving it your full, careful attention. It can modify behavior (认真工作 — work conscientiously) or describe a person (她很认真 — she is very serious/diligent). It is distinct from 努力 (hard work in terms of effort) — 认真 emphasizes carefulness and focus. Meanings [adj] Serious; earnest — taking something with genuine care and attention. [adj] Conscientious; meticulous — thorough and...
可以 (kěyǐ) — can, may (permission or possibility)
可以 (kěyǐ) 可以 expresses permission ("you may") or general possibility ("it is okay to"). Key contrast: 能 (néng) expresses physical ability or learned skill ("I can swim"), while 可以 expresses whether something is allowed or feasible ("you can leave now"). Meanings [modal verb] May, can (permission: you are allowed to). [modal verb] Can, be able to (possibility: it is feasible). Example Sentences 你可以在这里停车。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhèlǐ tíng chē. You...
漂亮 (piàoliang) — beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) An adjective meaning beautiful or pretty, most naturally used to describe people, especially women. Compare with 好看 (hǎokàn), which means "pleasant to look at" and applies more broadly to objects and scenery. 漂亮 carries a stronger sense of striking beauty and is more personal. Meanings [adjective] Beautiful, pretty (primarily for people and their appearance). [adjective] Excellent, impressive (for actions or results, informal). Example Sentences 她长得很漂亮。 Tā zhǎng de...
七 (qī) — seven
七 (qī) The number seven; 七 is a fairly neutral number in Chinese culture, associated with relationships and the Qixi Festival (七夕节, the Chinese Valentine's Day on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month). Meanings [number] Seven, the digit 7. Example Sentences 我每天早上七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at seven every morning. 这个星期有七天。 Zhège xīngqī yǒu qī tiān. There are seven days in a week....
又 (yòu) — again (past), also, both
又 (yòu) Used before a verb to indicate that something happened again (past repetition). Key contrast with 再 (zài): 又 describes repetition that has already occurred, while 再 describes repetition that will or should happen in the future. Meanings [adv] Again (past repetition): something happened one more time. [adv] Also, both, and (linking two attributes simultaneously). Example Sentences 他又来了。 Tā yòu lái le. He came again. 她又忘记了。 Tā yòu wàngjì...
怎么 (zěnme) — how, why
怎么 (zěnme) An interrogative word used before a verb to ask "how" something is done or "why" something happened; for asking about state or condition (how something is), use 怎么样 instead. Meanings [adverb] How (manner of an action: 怎么 + verb). [adverb] Why, how come (expressing surprise at a situation). Example Sentences 这个字怎么读？ Zhège zì zěnme dú? How do you read this character? 你怎么来这里的？ Nǐ zěnme lái zhèlǐ de? How...
它 (tā) — it
它 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for animals, objects, and abstract things; it sounds identical to 他 (he) and 她 (she) — all pronounced tā — but is written distinctly for clarity in text. Meanings [pronoun] It (subject or object, referring to non-human entities). [pronoun] Its (before 的: 它的). Example Sentences 这只猫很可爱，它叫小白。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài, tā jiào Xiǎo Bái. This cat is very cute; it is called Xiao...
忙 (máng) — busy
忙 (máng) An adjective describing a state of being occupied with work or tasks, leaving little free time. Meanings [adjective] Busy, occupied with work or activities. [verb] To busy oneself with something; to rush around doing things. Example Sentences 我今天很忙，没有时间吃饭。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn máng, méiyǒu shíjiān chīfàn. I am very busy today and have no time to eat. 你最近忙吗？ Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? Have you been busy lately? 他忙着工作，忘了给我打电话。 Tā...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible, maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility. It works as an adverb meaning "maybe" (placed before a verb or adjective) or as an adjective meaning "possible" (used with 有/没有). Both uses are common. Meanings [adverb] Maybe, possibly (modifying a verb or adjective: 可能来 "may come"). [adjective] Possible (used with 有/没有: 有可能 "there is a possibility"). Example Sentences 他可能明天来。 Tā kěnéng míngtiān lái. He may come tomorrow. 这件事有可能发生。 Zhè jiàn shì yǒu kěnéng...
长 (cháng) — long
长 (cháng) An adjective meaning "long," referring to physical length (a long road) or duration (a long time). Its antonym is 短 (duǎn), meaning "short." Note: 长 has a second reading, zhǎng, meaning "to grow" or "elder," but the HSK 1 meaning is cháng (long). Meanings [adjective] Long (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条路很长。 Zhè tiáo lù hěn cháng. This road is very long. 她的头发很长。 Tā de...
的 (de) — structural particle
的 (de) 的 is the most common character in written Chinese. It is a structural particle with three main functions: marking possession, linking a modifier to a noun, and nominalizing a phrase. Meanings [particle] Possessive marker: X的Y means "Y of X" or "X's Y." [particle] Noun modifier marker: links an adjective, verb phrase, or clause to the noun it describes. [particle] Nominalizer: placed after a phrase to turn it into...
容易 (róngyì) — easy, likely
容易 (róngyì) Describes something that requires little effort (easy) or something that is prone to happen (likely, liable to). The opposite is 难 (nán, difficult). Meanings [adj] Easy, not difficult. [adj] Likely to happen, prone to. Example Sentences 这道题很容易。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì. This question is very easy. 学汉语不容易。 Xué Hànyǔ bù róngyì. Learning Chinese is not easy. 这种天气容易感冒。 Zhè zhǒng tiānqì róngyì gǎnmào. In this kind of weather...
总是 (zǒngshì) — always; invariably
总是 (zǒngshì) 总是 describes an action that happens every time or is characteristic of someone. It refers to a repeated habit or a defining trait, not necessarily a continuous state. This sets it apart from 一直 (yīzhí), which means "continuously" or "the whole time." Place 总是 before the verb. Meanings [adv] Always; invariably — happens every time, a consistent habit. [adv] Keeps doing; perpetually — a repeated tendency (sometimes with...
热情 (rèqíng) — warm, enthusiastic, passionate
热情 (rèqíng) Describes a person who is warm, friendly, and enthusiastic in dealing with others. As a noun it means passion or enthusiasm. It is often used to praise someone's hospitality or eagerness. Meanings [adj] Warm, enthusiastic, hospitable. [noun] Passion, enthusiasm, warmth. Example Sentences 她对客人很热情。 Tā duì kèrén hěn rèqíng. She is very warm toward guests. 他对工作充满热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò chōngmǎn rèqíng. He is full of passion for his work....
画 (huà) — to draw, to paint; a painting
画 (huà) 画 means to draw or paint as a verb, and a drawing or painting as a noun. It covers any act of making visual art with lines or color. Meanings [verb] To draw, to paint. [noun] A picture, a painting. Example Sentences 她喜欢画画。 Tā xǐhuān huà huà. She likes drawing. (The first 画 is the verb, the second is the noun.) 他画了一幅山水画。 Tā huà le yī fú shānshuǐ...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a versatile sentence-final particle. At HSK 2 level, it appears in three main roles: making suggestions, softening assumptions, and forming tag questions. It always carries a neutral tone (ba). Meanings [particle] Suggestion or invitation: "let's..." or "shall we...?" Placed at the end of a proposal to make it sound friendly rather than commanding. [particle] Assumption or inference: "I suppose..." or "probably..." Used when the speaker thinks...
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) — see you tomorrow
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) 明天见 means "see you tomorrow." It is a specific, warm farewell used when you know you will meet the other person the next day. Meanings [phrase] See you tomorrow (farewell when parting for the night or day, with a meeting planned for tomorrow). Example Sentences 好的，明天见！ Hǎo de, míngtiān jiàn! All right, see you tomorrow! A: 我先走了。B: 好，明天见！ A: Wǒ xiān zǒu le. B: Hǎo, míngtiān jiàn!...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting, fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) Means interesting or fun. Literally "has meaning/significance." Used to express that something is engaging or amusing. The opposite is 没意思 (méi yìsi), boring or pointless. Meanings [adj phrase] Interesting, fun, amusing, worth your attention. Example Sentences 这本书很有意思。 Zhè běn shū hěn yǒu yìsi. This book is very interesting. 中国文化很有意思。 Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn yǒu yìsi. Chinese culture is very interesting. 这个游戏一点也不有意思。 Zhège yóuxì yīdiǎn yě bù yǒu yìsi....
朋友 (péngyou) — friend
朋友 (péngyou) A noun meaning friend. It is one of the first and most important social words to learn in Chinese. Note that 友 on its own also means friend or friendly, but 朋友 is the standard word used in speech. Meanings [noun] Friend, companion. [noun] (Informal) Boyfriend or girlfriend, when the context is a romantic relationship. Example Sentences 他是我最好的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou. He is my...
女人 (nǚrén) — woman
女人 (nǚrén) A noun meaning woman or adult female. It combines 女 (female) and 人 (person). In everyday speech, 女人 refers to adult women, while 女孩 (nǚhái) refers to girls. Meanings [noun] Woman, adult female. [noun] Women in general (as a group or category). Example Sentences 那个女人是我妈妈的朋友。 Nàge nǚrén shì wǒ māma de péngyou. That woman is my mother's friend. 她是一个聪明的女人。 Tā shì yīgè cōngmíng de nǚrén. She is an...
船 (chuán) — boat; ship
船 (chuán) 船 is the general word for any watercraft — a rowboat, ferry, or ocean liner. The measure word is 艘 (sōu) for larger ships, but 条 (tiáo) or simply 一条船 are also common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Boat; ship; vessel. Any vehicle that travels on water. Example Sentences 我们坐船去那个小岛。 Wǒmen zuò chuán qù nàgè xiǎodǎo. We took a boat to that small island. 河上有很多船。 Hé shàng yǒu...
在 (zài) — to be at; at/in (location)
在 (zài) 在 expresses location. It functions both as a main verb meaning "to be at/in" and as a preposition meaning "at/in" placed before a location to set the scene for an action. Meanings [verb] To be at; to be in; to be present (main verb indicating existence at a location). [preposition] At; in; on (before a location word, indicating where an action takes place). Example Sentences 我在家。 Wǒ zài...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) A noun meaning name. It refers to a person's full name or given name. The most important phrase built around this word is 你叫什么名字 (what is your name), one of the first questions in any Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Name (personal name, full name, or nickname). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng. My name is Li...
小 (xiǎo) — small / little
小 (xiǎo) An adjective meaning "small," "little," or "young." It is the antonym of 大 (dà, big). Beyond size, 小 is also used to indicate youth (小孩, small child) and appears as an affectionate prefix for names (小明, Little Ming). Meanings [adjective] Small, little (in size). [adjective] Young (in age). Example Sentences 这只猫很小。 Zhè zhī māo hěn xiǎo. This cat is very small. 她的房间比我的小。 Tā de fángjiān bǐ wǒ de...
我 (wǒ) — I, me
我 (wǒ) The first-person singular pronoun meaning "I" as a subject and "me" as an object; it is one of the most frequent words in Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] I (subject). [pronoun] Me (object). [pronoun] My (before 的, meaning possession: 我的). Example Sentences 我是学生。 Wǒ shì xuésheng. I am a student. 你认识我吗？ Nǐ rènshi wǒ ma? Do you know me? 我的书在桌子上。 Wǒ de shū zài zhuōzi shàng. My book is on...
窗户 (chuānghù) — window
窗户 (chuānghù) A noun meaning window. The full form 窗户 is used in speech, while the single character 窗 (chuāng) appears more in written and compound forms. A window is a frame in a wall that lets in light and air. Meanings [noun] Window. Example Sentences 请打开窗户，空气不好。 Qǐng dǎkāi chuānghù, kōngqì bù hǎo. Please open the window, the air is bad. 窗户外面有一棵大树。 Chuānghù wàimiàn yǒu yī kē dà shù. There...
玩 (wán) — to play / to have fun
玩 (wán) A verb meaning "to play," "to have fun," or "to spend time enjoying something." It is used for all kinds of leisure and recreation, from children playing to adults hanging out with friends. Meanings [verb] To play, to have fun, to engage in recreational activity. [verb] To visit and enjoy (a place). Example Sentences 孩子们在外面玩。 Háizimen zài wàimiàn wán. The children are playing outside. 周末我们去公园玩吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù...
猫 (māo) — cat
猫 (māo) A cat. 猫 is the standard word for a domestic cat in Chinese. The pronunciation "māo" is thought to be onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a cat's meow. Meanings [noun] Cat. The common domestic feline animal kept as a pet. Example Sentences 我家有一只猫。 Wǒ jiā yǒu yī zhī māo. My family has a cat. 这只猫很可爱。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài. This cat is very cute. 猫喜欢吃鱼。 Māo xǐhuān...
地方 (dìfang) — place
地方 (dìfang) A noun meaning place, location, or area in an abstract or general sense. It is used to refer to a spot, region, or area without naming a specific place. Do not confuse it with specific named locations such as 北京 or 图书馆. 地方 answers the question "where" in a general sense, not with a proper name. Meanings [noun] Place, location, spot (general or abstract). [noun] Area, region, locality....
少 (shǎo) — few / little / a small amount
少 (shǎo) An adjective meaning "few," "a little," or "not many." It describes small quantities. Its antonym is 多 (duō), meaning "many." Note: 少 (shǎo, few) is different from 小 (xiǎo, small in size). Meanings [adjective] Few, a small number of (for countable things). [adjective] A little, a small amount of (for uncountable things). Example Sentences 今天来的人很少。 Jīntiān lái de rén hěn shǎo. Very few people came today. 我只有一点点时间，时间很少。 Wǒ...
老 (lǎo) — old / elderly
老 (lǎo) An adjective primarily meaning "old" or "elderly" when describing people. It also conveys respect, experience, and seniority. As a prefix 老, it can be used before surnames or numbers to address people familiarly (老王, 老三). Its antonym for people and concepts is 新 (xīn, new); for objects, the antonym is 旧 (jiù, old/worn-out). Meanings [adjective] Old, elderly (of people or animals). [adjective] Long-established, experienced, veteran. [prefix] Used before...
女 (nǚ) — female, woman
女 (nǚ) 女 means female or woman. It is used as an adjective before nouns (女生, 女朋友) or as a noun referring to a female person. Its opposite is 男 (nán), male. The character is one of the most recognizable in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Female. [noun] A woman, a girl. Example Sentences 她是一个女生。 Tā shì yīgè nǚshēng. She is a female student / a girl. 女厕所在左边。 Nǚ cèsuǒ zài zuǒbiān....
Lesson 14: Feelings & Emotions
Overview Expressing how you feel and understanding how others feel is fundamental to genuine communication. Chinese has a rich set of emotion words, and this lesson covers the key structures for expressing both personal emotions and the emotions that situations cause. The 感到 and 让我 patterns in particular are versatile and appear constantly in real conversation. Learning Objectives Use 感到 + emotion word to describe how you feel Use 让我...
记得 (jìde) — to remember
记得 (jìde) 记得 means to remember or to recall something. 记 means "to record/memorize" and 得 here is a resultative complement indicating success: you recorded it and it stuck. The opposite is 忘了 (wàng le), to forget. Meanings [verb] To remember, to recall. Example Sentences 我记得你说过这句话。 Wǒ jìde nǐ shuō guò zhè jù huà. I remember you said that. 你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma? Do you remember his...
他 (tā) — he, him
他 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for males (and mixed-gender groups in informal writing); 他, 她, and 它 are all pronounced tā but written differently to distinguish gender. Meanings [pronoun] He (subject). [pronoun] Him (object). [pronoun] His (before 的: 他的). Example Sentences 他是我的老师。 Tā shì wǒ de lǎoshī. He is my teacher. 我认识他。 Wǒ rènshi tā. I know him. 他的名字叫大卫。 Tā de míngzi jiào Dàwèi. His name is David. 他今天不来了。...
口 (kǒu) — mouth / measure word for mouths and bites
口 (kǒu) The mouth, and a measure word used for mouthfuls, bites, sips, and by extension, the number of people in a family. 口 is one of the oldest and most frequently used Chinese characters. Meanings [noun] Mouth. The opening in the face used for eating and speaking. [measure word] Classifier for bites, sips, or mouthfuls of food or drink. [measure word] Classifier for people in a family unit. What...
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity, chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 means opportunity or chance. 机 here carries the sense of "a critical moment" and 会 means "occasion." Together they describe a favorable window of time to act. Meanings [noun] Opportunity, chance. Example Sentences 这是一个很好的机会。 Zhè shì yīgè hěn hǎo de jīhuì. This is a great opportunity. 我没有机会去中国。 Wǒ méiyǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó. I haven't had the chance to go to China. 希望你抓住这个机会。 Xīwàng nǐ zhuā zhù zhège...
聪明 (cōngmíng) — smart
聪明 (cōngmíng) An adjective describing someone with sharp intelligence or quick understanding. It is often used as a compliment for children and adults alike. Meanings [adjective] Smart, clever, intelligent. [adjective] Quick-witted, sharp-minded. Example Sentences 这个孩子很聪明，学东西很快。 Zhège háizi hěn cōngmíng, xué dōngxi hěn kuài. This child is very smart and learns things quickly. 你真聪明，一下子就想到了答案。 Nǐ zhēn cōngmíng, yīxiàzi jiù xiǎngdào le dá'àn. You are really clever, you thought of the answer...
开始 (kāishǐ) — to begin / start
开始 (kāishǐ) A word meaning "to start" or "to begin" as a verb, and "the beginning" or "the start" as a noun. It is one of the most common time-related words in Mandarin. Its antonym is 结束 (jiéshù), meaning "to end." Meanings [verb] To start, to begin (an action or event). [noun] The beginning, the start (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点开始？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn kāishǐ? What time does the movie...
身体 (shēntǐ) — body, health
身体 (shēntǐ) Refers to the physical body or to one's state of health. It is commonly used in greetings and well-wishes to inquire about or comment on someone's health. Meanings [noun] The physical body. [noun] Health, physical condition. Example Sentences 你身体好吗？ Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo ma? How is your health? 多运动对身体有好处。 Duō yùndòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochu. Exercising more is good for the body. 他身体很好，每天跑步。 Tā shēntǐ hěn hǎo, měi tiān...
真 (zhēn) — really, truly, genuine
真 (zhēn) Used as an adverb before adjectives or verbs to intensify meaning, equivalent to "really" or "truly." Also used as an adjective meaning genuine or real. A very common intensifier in spoken Chinese. Meanings [adv] Really, truly (intensifier before adjectives and verbs). [adj] Real, genuine, authentic. Example Sentences 这个苹果真甜！ Zhège píngguǒ zhēn tián! This apple is really sweet! 他说的是真的吗？ Tā shuō de shì zhēn de ma? Is what he...
矮 (ǎi) — short (in height)
矮 (ǎi) An adjective meaning "short" in height, used to describe people or objects that are not tall. It refers specifically to vertical height, not length. Its antonym is 高 (gāo), meaning "tall." Do not confuse with 短 (duǎn, short in length). Meanings [adjective] Short (in height), not tall (for people, trees, buildings, or objects). Example Sentences 她比她姐姐矮一点。 Tā bǐ tā jiějie ǎi yīdiǎn. She is a little shorter than...
自己 (zìjǐ) — oneself; myself/yourself/himself
自己 (zìjǐ) 自己 is a reflexive pronoun meaning "oneself." Unlike English, the same form works for all persons: 我自己 (myself), 你自己 (yourself), 他自己 (himself). It emphasizes that the subject performs the action independently, without help. It can follow the subject for emphasis or replace a pronoun object. Meanings [pron] Oneself — reflexive, referring back to the subject of the sentence. [pron] By oneself; on one's own — stressing independence or...
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient; easy to use
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 describes things that are convenient, handy, or easy to do. It can describe locations (交通方便 — convenient transport), actions (这样做比较方便 — this way is more convenient), or be used in polite requests (方便的话… — if it's convenient for you…). Meanings [adj] Convenient; handy — easy to use, access, or do. [adj] Suitable; appropriate — used in polite questions about whether the time is right. Example Sentences 这里交通很方便。...
汉语 (Hànyǔ) — Chinese language (spoken)
汉语 (Hànyǔ) The Chinese language, specifically referring to the spoken form of Mandarin Chinese. 汉 refers to the Han people (the dominant ethnic group of China), and 语 means "language" or "speech." Compare with 中文 (zhōngwén), which more often refers to written Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language. The spoken form of Mandarin Chinese, the official language of China. Example Sentences 我在学汉语。 Wǒ zài xué Hànyǔ. I am studying Chinese. 他的汉语说得很好。...
高兴 (gāoxìng) — happy
高兴 (gāoxìng) An adjective describing a feeling of happiness or pleasure, typically in response to a specific event or situation. It refers to a cheerful, upbeat mood rather than deep contentment. Meanings [adjective] Happy, glad, pleased, in high spirits. [verb] To be glad to do something, to enjoy doing something. Example Sentences 见到你我很高兴。 Jiàn dào nǐ wǒ hěn gāoxìng. I am very happy to see you. 他考试考得很好，所以很高兴。 Tā kǎoshì kǎo...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) 打电话 is a verb-object phrase meaning "to make a phone call." 打 (to hit/do) is used with many communication and activity verbs in Chinese: 打电话 (phone call), 打篮球 (play basketball), 打招呼 (greet). The person you call is introduced with 给 (gěi): 给他打电话 (call him). Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call; to call someone. Used for initiating a telephone conversation. Example Sentences 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng...
拿 (ná) — to take, to hold, to carry
拿 (ná) 拿 means to take, hold, or carry something with the hand. It implies using your hand to pick up or hold an object. It is a physical, hands-on action. Meanings [verb] To take, to pick up, to hold (with the hand). [verb] To carry, to bring. Example Sentences 你能帮我拿一下这个吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ná yīxià zhège ma? Can you help me hold this for a moment? 她手里拿着一本书。 Tā...
您 (nín) — you (formal)
您 (nín) The formal, polite form of "you," used when addressing elders, teachers, customers, or anyone deserving extra respect; it always stays singular and has no plural form. Meanings [pronoun] You (formal/respectful singular). Example Sentences 您好，请问您贵姓？ Nín hǎo, qǐngwèn nín guìxìng? Hello, may I ask your surname? 老师，您辛苦了。 Lǎoshī, nín xīnkǔ le. Teacher, you have worked hard. 您请坐。 Nín qǐng zuò. Please have a seat. 感谢您的帮助。 Gǎnxiè nín de bāngzhù....
衣服 (yīfu) — clothes, clothing
衣服 (yīfu) Clothes or clothing in general. 衣 means "garment" and 服 also relates to clothing or attire. Together they form the general word for any type of clothing. Meanings [noun] Clothes, clothing. Any garments or items worn to cover the body. Example Sentences 我想买一件衣服。 Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yī jiàn yīfu. I want to buy a piece of clothing. 这件衣服很好看。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn hǎokàn. This outfit looks very nice....
瓶 (píng) — measure word for bottles
瓶 (píng) A measure word used for bottles and their contents. 瓶 also functions as a noun meaning "bottle." It is used whenever you count or refer to something contained in a bottle. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for bottles and bottled contents. [noun] Bottle. A narrow-necked container for liquids. What 瓶 counts 瓶 is used with: 水 (shuǐ): water — 一瓶水 (one bottle of water) 酒 (jiǔ): alcohol — 一瓶酒...
从 (cóng) — from
从 (cóng) 从 is a preposition meaning "from." It marks the starting point of a journey, a time span, or a source, and is typically paired with 到 (dào, to) to indicate origin and destination together. Meanings [preposition] From (a place, a time, or a source — marking the starting point). Example Sentences 我从北京来。 Wǒ cóng Běijīng lái. I come from Beijing. 从家到学校要二十分钟。 Cóng jiā dào xuéxiào yào èrshí fēnzhōng....
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) — how is it, what do you think
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) An interrogative used to ask about the condition, quality, or state of something ("how is it?") or to solicit an opinion ("what do you think?"); unlike 怎么, which asks about the manner of an action, 怎么样 asks about a state or seeks feedback. Meanings [adjective/pronoun] How is it, how are things (asking about condition or state). [phrase] What do you think, how about it (seeking an opinion or...
吃 (chī) — to eat
吃 (chī) 吃 is the standard verb for eating. It takes food as its object and appears in some of the most common daily phrases in Chinese. Meanings [verb] To eat, to consume food. Example Sentences 你吃早饭了吗？ Nǐ chī zǎofàn le ma? Have you eaten breakfast? 我想吃饺子。 Wǒ xiǎng chī jiǎozi. I want to eat dumplings. 他每天中午在公司吃饭。 Tā měitiān zhōngwǔ zài gōngsī chīfàn. He eats lunch at the company every...
快 (kuài) — fast / quick
快 (kuài) An adjective and adverb meaning "fast," "quick," or "soon." As an adjective, it describes speed. As an adverb before a verb, it means "quickly" or "hurry up." Its antonym is 慢 (màn), meaning "slow." Meanings [adjective] Fast, quick, speedy. [adverb] Quickly, soon (describing how something happens or urging speed). Example Sentences 他跑得很快。 Tā pǎo de hěn kuài. He runs very fast. 快点，要迟到了！ Kuài diǎn, yào chídào le! Hurry...
电视 (diànshì) — television
电视 (diànshì) A noun meaning television or TV. It combines 电 (electricity) and 视 (see/vision). The word refers to both the television set and to television as a medium. Meanings [noun] Television, TV set. [noun] Television as a medium (watching TV in general). Example Sentences 你喜欢看电视吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān kàn diànshì ma? Do you like watching TV? 这台电视很大。 Zhè tái diànshì hěn dà. This television set is very big. 他每天晚上看两个小时的电视。 Tā...
房间 (fángjiān) — room
房间 (fángjiān) A noun meaning room, specifically a room inside a building such as a bedroom, hotel room, or living room. It combines 房 (house, building) and 间 (space between, room). Meanings [noun] Room, a space inside a building. Example Sentences 我的房间不大，但很干净。 Wǒ de fángjiān bù dà, dàn hěn gānjìng. My room is not big, but it is very clean. 请打扫一下你的房间。 Qǐng dǎsǎo yīxià nǐ de fángjiān. Please clean up...
便宜 (piányí) — cheap / inexpensive
便宜 (piányí) An adjective meaning "cheap" or "inexpensive." It describes a price that is low or affordable. Note: in this meaning, 便 is read as pián, not biàn. Its antonym is 贵 (guì), meaning "expensive." Meanings [adjective] Cheap, inexpensive, affordable (in price). Example Sentences 这家店的东西很便宜。 Zhè jiā diàn de dōngxi hěn piányí. The things in this shop are very cheap. 这条裤子比那条便宜多了。 Zhè tiáo kùzi bǐ nà tiáo piányí duō le....
Lesson 3: Expressing Opinions
Overview Expressing what you think is one of the most important communicative skills. Chinese has several ways to introduce opinions: 觉得 (feel, think) is the most common in spoken language, while 认为 (consider, believe) is slightly more formal. This lesson also covers how to agree, disagree, and respond to others' opinions in a natural, respectful way. Learning Objectives Use 觉得 to introduce personal opinions and feelings Use 认为 in slightly...
Lesson 8: Health & At the Doctor
Overview Medical situations require specific, clear communication. This lesson covers how to describe what is wrong, answer questions about how long symptoms have lasted, and understand what a doctor tells you to do. Even at the A1+ level, knowing these phrases can be genuinely important in an emergency or routine clinic visit. Learning Objectives Describe physical symptoms clearly with body part + 痛/不舒服 Answer 哪里不舒服 and 痛了多长时间 questions Understand common...
刚才 (gāngcái) — just now; a moment ago
刚才 (gāngcái) 刚才 means "just now" or "a moment ago" and always refers to a completed action in the past. Compare with 刚 (gāng), which means "just" and focuses on actions that are very recent but can still be ongoing or present: 他刚来 (He just arrived, he's here now) vs. 他刚才来了 (He came a moment ago, he may have left). 刚才 is only past tense; 刚 can be used for...
也 (yě) — also, too
也 (yě) An adverb meaning "also" or "too." 也 adds the same quality, action, or condition to the subject being talked about. It always comes before the verb or adjective, never at the end of a sentence. Meanings [adverb] Also, too. Indicates that the subject shares the same attribute or action as something previously mentioned. 也 vs. 都: the key contrast 也 applies to each subject individually, one at a...
读 (dú) — to read (aloud); to study
读 (dú) 读 primarily means to read aloud or to read text, and also means to study or attend school. It differs from 看 (kàn), which means to look at or read silently. 读书 can mean either "read a book" or "go to school/study." Meanings [verb] To read (aloud or with attention). [verb] To study, to attend school (in 读书 or 读大学). Example Sentences 请跟我读这个句子。 Qǐng gēn wǒ dú zhège...
都 (dōu) — all, both
都 (dōu) An adverb meaning "all" or "both." 都 indicates that a statement applies to every member of a group. It always comes before the verb, and the subject must be plural or refer to multiple things. Meanings [adverb] All, both. Applies the action or description collectively to every member of a group. 都 vs. 也: the key contrast 都 collects all subjects into one sweeping statement: "All of them...
同学 (tóngxué) — classmate
同学 (tóngxué) A noun meaning classmate or schoolmate. It refers to someone who studies at the same school or in the same class. It can also be used as a polite way to address a student you do not know. Meanings [noun] Classmate, schoolmate, fellow student. [address form] Used to politely address a student you do not know. Example Sentences 她是我的同学，我们在同一个班。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngxué, wǒmen zài tóng yīgè...
多 (duō) — many / much / a lot
多 (duō) An adjective meaning "many," "much," or "a lot." It describes large quantities of countable and uncountable things. As an adverb, 多 can intensify adjectives in questions (多大, how big?). Its antonym is 少 (shǎo), meaning "few" or "a little." Meanings [adjective] Many, a lot, numerous (for countable things). [adjective] Much, a great deal of (for uncountable things). [adverb] How (used in questions: 多大, how big; 多长, how long)....
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; calm; peaceful
安静 (ānjìng) 安静 describes a state of quiet or calm, either of a place or of a person's behavior. It can serve as a predicate adjective (这里很安静 — it's quiet here) or as an imperative (安静！— Be quiet!). It describes both physical silence and inner peacefulness. Meanings [adj] Quiet; silent — low noise level, peaceful surroundings. [adj] Calm; still — composed, not agitated or disruptive. Example Sentences 图书馆里很安静。 Túshūguǎn lǐ...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) A hospital or medical facility where doctors treat patients. It is one of the most common public places discussed in everyday Chinese. Meanings [noun] Hospital. A building or institution providing medical and surgical treatment. Example Sentences 我去医院看病。 Wǒ qù yīyuàn kàn bìng. I am going to the hospital to see a doctor. 医院在哪里？ Yīyuàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the hospital? 她在医院工作。 Tā zài yīyuàn gōngzuò. She works at...
千 (qiān) — thousand
千 (qiān) The word for one thousand; it behaves just like 百, requiring 零 for internal gaps (一千零五 = 1,005). In prices and everyday speech, 千 is extremely common since many goods cost in the hundreds or thousands of yuan. Meanings [number] Thousand, one thousand. [adjective] Innumerable, vast (in idioms: 千万, ten million; also "by all means / absolutely"). Example Sentences 这台电脑要三千块钱。 Zhè tái diànnǎo yào sān qiān kuài qián....
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) — sorry; I apologize
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) 对不起 means "sorry" or "I apologize." It is used for genuine apologies where you have caused trouble, made a mistake, or wronged someone. Meanings [phrase] Sorry; I apologize; excuse me for what I did wrong (sincere apology). Example Sentences 对不起，我来晚了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le. Sorry, I am late. 对不起，这是我的错。 Duìbuqǐ, zhè shì wǒ de cuò. Sorry, this is my fault. A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B:...
桌子 (zhuōzi) — table
桌子 (zhuōzi) A noun meaning table or desk. The 子 (zi) suffix is a common neutral-tone suffix added to many household nouns. 桌子 can refer to a dining table, a desk, or any flat-surface table. Meanings [noun] Table, desk. Example Sentences 书放在桌子上。 Shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mùtou zuò de. This table is made of wood. 请把桌子擦干净。 Qǐng bǎ...
来 (lái) — to come
来 (lái) 来 means "to come," indicating movement toward the speaker or toward the place the speaker considers the reference point. It is the opposite of 去 (qù). Use 来 when someone is moving in your direction; use 去 when someone is moving away from you toward another place. Meanings [verb] To come (movement toward the speaker). Example Sentences 你什么时候来我家？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái wǒ jiā? When are you coming...
你 (nǐ) — you
你 (nǐ) The everyday second-person singular pronoun used with friends, family, peers, and strangers of similar status; 您 (nín) is the formal equivalent. Meanings [pronoun] You (subject, informal singular). [pronoun] You (object, informal singular). [pronoun] Your (before 的: 你的). Example Sentences 你好！ Nǐ hǎo! Hello! (Lit. You [are] good.) 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我喜欢你。 Wǒ xǐhuan nǐ. I like you. 你的朋友很有趣。 Nǐ de péngyou hěn...
贵 (guì) — expensive
贵 (guì) An adjective meaning "expensive" or "costly" when describing prices, and "precious" or "honorable" in more formal contexts. In daily shopping conversations, 贵 is one of the most practical adjectives to know. Its antonym is 便宜 (piányí), meaning "cheap." Meanings [adjective] Expensive, costly (in price). [adjective] Precious, valuable, honored (in formal use). Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu tài guì le. This piece of clothing is too expensive. 这家餐厅的菜很贵。...
写 (xiě) — to write
写 (xiě) 写 means to write, whether writing Chinese characters, a message, an essay, or any other text. It is distinct from 读 (dú, to read aloud) and 看 (kàn, to read silently). Meanings [verb] To write (characters, text, a letter, a composition). Example Sentences 请写下你的名字。 Qǐng xiě xià nǐ de míngzi. Please write down your name. 他每天练习写汉字。 Tā měitiān liànxí xiě Hànzì. He practices writing Chinese characters every day....
请 (qǐng) — please / to invite
请 (qǐng) A versatile word meaning "please" when used as a polite adverb before a verb, and "to invite" or "to treat someone to something" when used as a main verb. It is one of the most common politeness words in Mandarin. Meanings [adverb] Please (used to make a polite request). [verb] To invite someone; to treat someone to a meal or drink. Example Sentences 请坐，不要客气。 Qǐng zuò, bùyào kèqi....
卖 (mài) — to sell
卖 (mài) 卖 means to sell. It is the opposite of 买 (mǎi, to buy). The two characters look alike. 卖 has an extra element on top of 买, representing the additional layer of "sending goods out" to a buyer. Meanings [verb] To sell, to offer for sale. Example Sentences 这家店卖很多种水果。 Zhè jiā diàn mài hěn duō zhǒng shuǐguǒ. This store sells many kinds of fruit. 他想卖掉他的旧车。 Tā xiǎng mài...
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) — egg
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) A chicken egg. 鸡 means "chicken" and 蛋 means "egg." While 蛋 alone can mean any egg, 鸡蛋 specifically refers to hen's eggs, which are the most common in Chinese cooking. Meanings [noun] Chicken egg. The egg laid by a hen, used widely in Chinese cooking. Example Sentences 我每天早上吃一个鸡蛋。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang chī yī gè jīdàn. I eat one egg every morning. 冰箱里有鸡蛋吗？ Bīngxiāng lǐ yǒu jīdàn ma?...
再 (zài) — again (future)
再 (zài) 再 is an adverb meaning "again" with a future-oriented sense. It refers to doing something one more time, either as a plan, request, or possibility. Meanings [adverb] Again, once more (referring to a future or hypothetical repetition). [adverb] Then, and then (connecting sequential future actions). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it one more time. 我明天再来。 Wǒ míngtiān zài lái. I will come again...
出 (chū) — to exit / to go out
出 (chū) A directional verb meaning "to exit" or "to go out" of a place. It describes movement from inside to outside. Its antonym is 进 (jìn), meaning "to enter" or "to go in." Meanings [verb] To exit, to go out, to come out, to leave (a place). Example Sentences 他出去买东西了。 Tā chūqù mǎi dōngxi le. He went out to buy things. 请从这个门出去。 Qǐng cóng zhège mén chūqù. Please exit...
她们 (tāmen) — they, them (all female)
她们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun for an exclusively female group; it is spoken identically to 他们 (tāmen) and 它们 (tāmen) — the distinction only appears in writing. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, all-female group). [pronoun] Them (object, all-female group). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 她们的). Example Sentences 她们是我的同学。 Tāmen shì wǒ de tóngxué. They are my classmates. 我很喜欢她们。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuan tāmen. I like them very much. 她们的歌唱得很好听。 Tāmen de gē...
男 (nán) — male, man
男 (nán) 男 means male or man. It is used as an adjective before nouns (男生, 男朋友) or as a noun referring to a male person. Its opposite is 女 (nǚ), female. Meanings [adjective] Male. [noun] A man, a boy. Example Sentences 他是一个男生。 Tā shì yīgè nánshēng. He is a male student / a boy. 男厕所在右边。 Nán cèsuǒ zài yòubiān. The men's restroom is on the right. 她有一个男朋友。 Tā yǒu...
左边 (zuǒbiān) — left side; to the left
左边 (zuǒbiān) 左边 is a direction noun meaning "the left side." To say something is located to the left, use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 左边. When giving turn directions, use 向左 (turn left) or 往左走 (walk to the left) rather than 左边. Meanings [n] Left side; the left — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the left — used with 在 to place...
后来 (hòulái) — later, afterwards
后来 (hòulái) 后来 means "later" or "afterwards" within a narrative sequence. It refers to what happened next in a story already being told. Key contrast: 以后 (yǐhòu) follows a specific time reference ("after 5 o'clock / after graduation"), while 后来 stands alone and advances the storyline. Meanings [adverb] Later, afterwards (continuing a narrative). Example Sentences 我们先吃饭，后来去看电影。 Wǒmen xiān chīfàn, hòulái qù kàn diànyǐng. We ate first, and later went to...
关 (guān) — to close / to turn off
关 (guān) A verb meaning "to close," "to shut," or "to turn off." It is the action that stops or seals something that was previously open or active. Its antonym is 开 (kāi), meaning "to open" or "to turn on." Meanings [verb] To close, to shut (a door, window). [verb] To turn off (a light, TV, computer). Example Sentences 请关门，外面很冷。 Qǐng guān mén, wàimiàn hěn lěng. Please close the door,...
首 (shǒu) — song; poem (measure word)
首 (shǒu) 首 is the measure word for songs (歌) and poems (诗). It counts each complete musical or poetic composition. While 首 literally means "head" (as in 首都 — capital city), as a measure word it is reserved for songs and poetry. Use 首 where English uses "a song" or "a poem." Meanings [mw] Song — counts individual songs as complete pieces. [mw] Poem — counts individual poems as...
帮 (bāng) — to help
帮 (bāng) A common verb meaning "to help" or "to assist." It is used when one person does something for another's benefit. The fuller form 帮助 (bāngzhù) is also common, but 帮 alone is standard in everyday speech. Meanings [verb] To help, to assist, to do something for someone. Example Sentences 你能帮我吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ma? Can you help me? 妈妈帮我做作业。 Māma bāng wǒ zuò zuòyè. Mom helps me...
舒服 (shūfu) — comfortable; at ease
舒服 (shūfu) 舒服 describes a feeling of physical or emotional comfort. It is commonly used for how the body feels (身体不舒服 — feeling unwell) or how an environment feels (这把椅子很舒服 — this chair is comfortable). The negative 不舒服 is one of the most useful phrases for expressing that you feel sick or unwell. Meanings [adj] Comfortable; at ease — physically relaxed and pleasant. [adj] Feeling well — the body is...
好的 (hǎo de) — okay; all right; sure
好的 (hǎo de) 好的 means "okay," "all right," or "sure." It is a warm, affirmative response used to confirm agreement, accept a request, or acknowledge information. Meanings [phrase] Okay; all right; sure; got it (affirmative acknowledgment or agreement). Example Sentences A: 明天八点见面，好吗？ B: 好的！ A: Míngtiān bā diǎn jiànmiàn, hǎo ma? B: Hǎo de! A: Let's meet at eight tomorrow, okay? B: Sure! A: 你能帮我一下吗？ B: 好的，没问题。 A: Nǐ néng...
电话 (diànhuà) — telephone / phone call
电话 (diànhuà) A noun meaning telephone or phone call. It combines 电 (electricity) and 话 (speech, words). In modern Chinese, 电话 most often refers to the act of calling or a phone call, rather than the physical device. For the device in your pocket, use 手机 (shǒujī). The phrase 打电话 (make a phone call) is extremely common. Meanings [noun] Telephone, phone (especially landline). [noun] Phone call. Example Sentences 我给他打了一个电话，但他没接。 Wǒ...
回答 (huídá) — to answer / to reply
回答 (huídá) A verb and noun meaning "to answer" or "an answer." 回 (huí) means "to return" and 答 (dá) means "to respond." Together they capture the idea of sending a response back. Its counterpart is 问 (wèn), meaning "to ask." Meanings [verb] To answer, to reply to (a question). [noun] An answer, a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí. Please answer my question. 他回答得很好。 Tā huídá...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should, ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) A modal verb expressing what is expected, appropriate, or right to do — translating as "should" or "ought to." Key contrasts: 应该 = should (moral/practical expectation), 要 = need to / going to (intention or necessity), 必须 = must (strict obligation). Meanings [modal verb] Should, ought to (expressing expectation or moral/practical appropriateness). Example Sentences 你应该早点睡觉。 Nǐ yīnggāi zǎo diǎn shuìjiào. You should go to sleep earlier. 我们应该帮助有困难的人。 Wǒmen...
谢谢 (xièxiè) — thank you
谢谢 (xièxiè) 谢谢 means "thank you." It is the standard, all-purpose expression of gratitude in Mandarin and is used in virtually all social contexts. Meanings [phrase] Thank you; thanks (expressing gratitude for help, a gift, or a kind action). Example Sentences 谢谢你帮我。 Xièxiè nǐ bāng wǒ. Thank you for helping me. A: 给你。 B: 谢谢！ A: Gěi nǐ. B: Xièxiè! A: Here you go. B: Thank you! 非常感谢您的帮助。 Fēicháng gǎnxiè...
一起 (yīqǐ) — together, all at once
一起 (yīqǐ) An adverb meaning "together" or "at the same time." Placed before the verb to indicate that two or more people do something jointly. Also used as an invitation to do something together. Meanings [adv] Together, jointly, at the same time. Example Sentences 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù ba! Let's go together! 他们一起学习中文。 Tāmen yīqǐ xuéxí Zhōngwén. They study Chinese together. 你可以和我一起来。 Nǐ kěyǐ hé wǒ yīqǐ lái. You can...
奶奶 (nǎinai) — paternal grandmother
奶奶 (nǎinai) 奶奶 specifically means your father's mother (paternal grandmother). Chinese family terms are precise about which side of the family a relative belongs to. The maternal grandmother is 外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao). Meanings [noun] Paternal grandmother (father's mother). Example Sentences 我奶奶住在北京。 Wǒ nǎinai zhù zài Běijīng. My grandmother lives in Beijing. 奶奶做的饺子最好吃。 Nǎinai zuò de jiǎozi zuì hǎochī. Grandma's dumplings are the most delicious. 我每个周末都去看奶奶。 Wǒ měi gè...
妈妈 (māma) — mom, mother
妈妈 (māma) 妈妈 is the informal, affectionate word for mother, equivalent to "mom" or "mama." It is among the first words children learn in any language, and Chinese is no exception. Meanings [noun] Mom, mother (informal). Example Sentences 妈妈在厨房做饭。 Māma zài chúfáng zuòfàn. Mom is cooking in the kitchen. 我妈妈很漂亮。 Wǒ māma hěn piàoliang. My mom is very beautiful. 妈妈，我饿了。 Māma, wǒ è le. Mom, I am hungry. 她的妈妈是医生。 Tā...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is an adjective meaning important or significant. It follows the standard adjective pattern: 很重要 (very important), 不重要 (not important), 最重要 (most important). It can also precede a noun as a modifier: 重要的事情 (an important matter). Meanings [adj] Important; significant — of great value or consequence. [adj] Essential; critical — cannot be overlooked or neglected. Example Sentences 健康比金钱更重要。 Jiànkāng bǐ jīnqián gèng zhòngyào. Health is more important than...
是 (shì) — to be (is, am, are)
是 (shì) 是 is the main linking verb in Chinese, equivalent to "is," "am," or "are." It connects a subject to a noun or noun phrase. Important: 是 does NOT mean "to have." Use 有 (yǒu) for possession. Also note that 是 is not used before adjectives. Say 他很高 (he is tall), not 他是高. Meanings [verb] To be (is, am, are). Links subject to an identity or classification. Example Sentences...
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, occasion
时候 (shíhou) Refers to a specific point in time, a moment, or an occasion. It answers the question "when?" and is used in constructions like 的时候 (when..., at the time of...). Key contrast: 时候 is a point or occasion, while 时间 (shíjiān) refers to duration or time as an abstract concept. Meanings [noun] A point in time, a moment, an occasion. Example Sentences 我小的时候喜欢唱歌。 Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou xǐhuan chànggē....
上班 (shàngbān) — to go to work, to be at work
上班 (shàngbān) A verb-object compound meaning to go to work or to be on duty. The opposite is 下班 (xiàbān), to get off work. It refers to the act of starting or being at one's work shift. Meanings [verb] To go to work, to start work, to be at work. Example Sentences 我每天八点上班。 Wǒ měi tiān bā diǎn shàngbān. I go to work at eight o'clock every day. 他今天不舒服，没去上班。 Tā...
工作 (gōngzuò) — work; to work
工作 (gōngzuò) 工作 functions as both a noun meaning "work" or "job" and a verb meaning "to work." As a noun it can be modified and measured; as a verb it describes the act of working. Meanings [noun] Work, job, employment. [verb] To work, to be employed. Example Sentences 我的工作很有意思。 Wǒ de gōngzuò hěn yǒu yìsi. My work is very interesting. 她在一家银行工作。 Tā zài yī jiā yínháng gōngzuò. She works...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist. It functions both as a verb and as a noun, so you can "give 帮助" or "帮助 someone do something." Meanings [verb] To help; to assist. Often followed by a person object and then a verb phrase. [noun] Help; assistance. Can be the object of verbs like 给 (to give) or 需要 (to need). Example Sentences 谢谢你的帮助。 Xièxie nǐ de bāngzhù. Thank...
为了 (wèile) — in order to, for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition meaning "in order to" or "for the sake of," used to state the purpose or motivation behind an action. It introduces a goal and precedes the verb phrase that achieves it. Meanings [prep] In order to, for the purpose of, for the sake of. Example Sentences 为了学好汉语，他每天练习。 Wèile xuéhǎo Hànyǔ, tā měi tiān liànxí. In order to learn Chinese well, he practices every day. 她为了家人努力工作。 Tā...
难 (nán) — difficult
难 (nán) An adjective meaning difficult or hard. It is the direct antonym of 容易 (róngyi), which means easy. 难 appears often in compound adjectives such as 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad), and 难听 (unpleasant to hear), following a pattern where it modifies a sensory verb. Meanings [adjective] Difficult, hard, not easy. [adjective] (In compounds) Unpleasant to the senses: 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad). Example Sentences 这道数学题很难。 Zhè dào shùxué...
教室 (jiàoshì) — classroom
教室 (jiàoshì) A noun meaning classroom. It combines 教 (teach) and 室 (room). It specifically refers to the room where teaching and learning take place, as opposed to other rooms in a school building. Meanings [noun] Classroom, a room for teaching. Example Sentences 同学们都在教室里学习。 Tóngxuémen dōu zài jiàoshì lǐ xuéxí. All the classmates are studying in the classroom. 我们的教室在三楼。 Wǒmen de jiàoshì zài sān lóu. Our classroom is on the...
已经 (yǐjīng) — already
已经 (yǐjīng) 已经 is an adverb meaning "already." It signals that something has happened or changed before the current moment. Meanings [adverb] Already; by now. Describes a completed action or a state that is in effect at the time of speaking. Example Sentences 我已经吃饭了。 Wǒ yǐjīng chīfàn le. I have already eaten. 他已经回家了。 Tā yǐjīng huí jiā le. He has already gone home. 票已经卖完了。 Piào yǐjīng mài wán le. The...
公司 (gōngsī) — company; firm
公司 (gōngsī) 公司 is the standard word for a company, firm, or corporation. It covers businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large multinationals. The measure word for companies is 家 (jiā): 一家公司 (a company). Meanings [noun] Company; firm; corporation. An organized business entity. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有一千多名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yīqiān duō míng yuángōng....
八 (bā) — eight
八 (bā) The number eight, considered the luckiest number in Chinese culture because bā sounds similar to 发 (fā, to prosper/get rich); license plates, phone numbers, and addresses containing 八 command premium prices. Meanings [number] Eight, the digit 8. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours every day. 他用八万块钱买了一辆车。 Tā yòng bā wàn kuài qián mǎile yī liàng chē. He bought a car for...
Lesson 2: Directions & Navigation
Overview Getting around in a Chinese-speaking city requires knowing how to ask for and understand directions. This lesson covers the key compass and turn vocabulary, the 从...到... (from...to...) structure for describing routes, and the directional verbs used in real navigation situations. These phrases appear constantly on street signs, in ride-sharing apps, and in casual conversation. Learning Objectives Use 左, 右, 直走, 转弯 to give turn-by-turn directions Use 从...到... to describe...
Lesson 15: HSK 2 Review
Overview This lesson consolidates the grammar patterns and vocabulary introduced across HSK 2. Rather than introducing new material, it provides a structured review of the most important structures and the vocabulary items that distinguish HSK 2 from HSK 1. Working through this lesson will reinforce your knowledge and reveal any gaps before moving on. Learning Objectives Recall and apply all major HSK 2 grammar patterns in integrated contexts Recognize which...
什么 (shénme) — what
什么 (shénme) The most versatile interrogative word in Chinese, used to ask "what" about anything: things, names, types, reasons, and more; it occupies the same sentence position as the noun it replaces. Meanings [pronoun] What (asking about identity or type of a thing). [determiner] What kind of (before a noun: 什么 + noun). [pronoun] Anything, whatever (in a negative or open-ended context). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) A noun meaning money or cash. It is one of the most practical and frequently used nouns in everyday Chinese. The character belongs to the metal radical (钅), reflecting that coins were historically made of metal. Meanings [noun] Money, cash, currency. [noun] A specific amount of money (used in price discussions). Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I...