This page covers all new vocabulary introduced at the N4 level — approximately 700 words beyond the N5 foundation, bringing the cumulative total to ~1,500 words. Words are organized by semantic category. All N5 vocabulary is assumed known.
Abstract Nouns and Concepts
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 意味 |
いみ |
imi |
meaning; significance |
Noun |
very frequent |
| 理由 |
りゆう |
riyuu |
reason; cause |
Noun |
|
| 目的 |
もくてき |
mokuteki |
purpose; objective |
Noun |
|
| 方法 |
ほうほう |
houhou |
method; way |
Noun |
|
| 内容 |
ないよう |
naiyou |
content; substance |
Noun |
|
| 結果 |
けっか |
kekka |
result; outcome |
Noun |
|
| 原因 |
げんいん |
gen'in |
cause; origin |
Noun |
|
| 影響 |
えいきょう |
eikyou |
influence; effect |
Noun |
|
| 関係 |
かんけい |
kankei |
relationship; connection |
Noun |
|
| 問題 |
もんだい |
mondai |
problem; question |
Noun |
|
| 答え |
こたえ |
kotae |
answer; response |
Noun |
|
| 意見 |
いけん |
iken |
opinion |
Noun |
|
| 考え |
かんがえ |
kangae |
thought; idea |
Noun |
|
| 気持ち |
きもち |
kimochi |
feeling; mood |
Noun |
|
| 感情 |
かんじょう |
kanjou |
emotion; feeling |
Noun |
slightly formal |
| 経験 |
けいけん |
keiken |
experience |
Noun |
|
| 知識 |
ちしき |
chishiki |
knowledge |
Noun |
|
| 能力 |
のうりょく |
nouryoku |
ability; capability |
Noun |
|
| 才能 |
さいのう |
sainou |
talent; gift |
Noun |
|
| 自由 |
じゆう |
jiyuu |
freedom; liberty |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 平和 |
へいわ |
heiwa |
peace |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 安全 |
あんぜん |
anzen |
safety; security |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 危険 |
きけん |
kiken |
danger; risk |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 必要 |
ひつよう |
hitsuyou |
necessity; need |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 大切 |
たいせつ |
taisetsu |
importance; preciousness |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 特別 |
とくべつ |
tokubetsu |
special |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 普通 |
ふつう |
futsuu |
ordinary; normal |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 正しい |
ただしい |
tadashii |
correct; right |
Adj-i |
|
| 間違い |
まちがい |
machigai |
mistake; error |
Noun |
|
| 違い |
ちがい |
chigai |
difference |
Noun |
|
| 変化 |
へんか |
henka |
change; variation |
Noun |
|
| 発展 |
はってん |
hatten |
development; growth |
Noun |
|
| 進歩 |
しんぽ |
shinpo |
progress; advance |
Noun |
|
| 文明 |
ぶんめい |
bunmei |
civilization |
Noun |
|
| 文化 |
ぶんか |
bunka |
culture |
Noun |
|
| 社会 |
しゃかい |
shakai |
society |
Noun |
|
| 世界 |
せかい |
sekai |
world |
Noun |
|
| 国際 |
こくさい |
kokusai |
international |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 伝統 |
でんとう |
dentou |
tradition |
Noun |
|
| 習慣 |
しゅうかん |
shuukan |
custom; habit |
Noun |
|
| 生活 |
せいかつ |
seikatsu |
daily life; living |
Noun |
|
| 生活費 |
せいかつひ |
seikatsuhi |
living expenses |
Noun |
|
| 生活水準 |
せいかつすいじゅん |
seikatsu suijun |
standard of living |
Noun |
|
| 人生 |
じんせい |
jinsei |
life; one's life |
Noun |
|
| 幸せ |
しあわせ |
shiawase |
happiness |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 不幸 |
ふこう |
fukou |
unhappiness; misfortune |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 運 |
うん |
un |
luck; fortune |
Noun |
|
| 夢 |
ゆめ |
yume |
dream |
Noun |
|
| 希望 |
きぼう |
kibou |
hope; wish |
Noun |
|
| 失望 |
しつぼう |
shitsubou |
disappointment |
Noun |
|
| 心配 |
しんぱい |
shinpai |
worry; anxiety |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 安心 |
あんしん |
anshin |
relief; peace of mind |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 注意 |
ちゅうい |
chuui |
attention; caution |
Noun |
|
| 準備 |
じゅんび |
junbi |
preparation |
Noun |
|
| 計画 |
けいかく |
keikaku |
plan; project |
Noun |
|
| 目標 |
もくひょう |
mokuhyou |
goal; target |
Noun |
|
| 約束 |
やくそく |
yakusoku |
promise; appointment |
Noun |
|
Society, Work, and Organizations
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 会社 |
かいしゃ |
kaisha |
company; firm |
Noun |
|
| 会社員 |
かいしゃいん |
kaishain |
company employee |
Noun |
|
| 社員 |
しゃいん |
shain |
employee; staff |
Noun |
|
| 社長 |
しゃちょう |
shachou |
company president |
Noun |
|
| 部長 |
ぶちょう |
buchou |
department manager |
Noun |
|
| 課長 |
かちょう |
kachou |
section chief |
Noun |
|
| 上司 |
じょうし |
joushi |
superior; boss |
Noun |
|
| 部下 |
ぶか |
buka |
subordinate |
Noun |
|
| 同僚 |
どうりょう |
douryou |
colleague |
Noun |
|
| 仕事 |
しごと |
shigoto |
work; job |
Noun |
|
| 職業 |
しょくぎょう |
shokugyou |
occupation; profession |
Noun |
|
| 勤め |
つとめ |
tsutome |
work; employment |
Noun |
|
| 残業 |
ざんぎょう |
zangyou |
overtime work |
Noun |
|
| 給料 |
きゅうりょう |
kyuuryou |
salary; wages |
Noun |
|
| 仕事場 |
しごとば |
shigotoba |
workplace |
Noun |
|
| 会議 |
かいぎ |
kaigi |
meeting; conference |
Noun |
|
| 発表 |
はっぴょう |
happyou |
announcement; presentation |
Noun |
|
| 報告 |
ほうこく |
houkoku |
report |
Noun |
|
| 連絡 |
れんらく |
renraku |
contact; communication |
Noun |
|
| 説明 |
せつめい |
setsumei |
explanation |
Noun |
|
| 研究 |
けんきゅう |
kenkyuu |
research; study |
Noun |
|
| 調査 |
ちょうさ |
chousa |
investigation; survey |
Noun |
|
| 結論 |
けつろん |
ketsuron |
conclusion |
Noun |
|
| 意見 |
いけん |
iken |
opinion |
Noun |
see above |
| 提案 |
ていあん |
teian |
proposal; suggestion |
Noun |
|
| 工場 |
こうじょう |
koujou |
factory; plant |
Noun |
|
| 農業 |
のうぎょう |
nougyou |
agriculture; farming |
Noun |
|
| 漁業 |
ぎょぎょう |
gyogyou |
fishing industry |
Noun |
|
| 工業 |
こうぎょう |
kougyou |
industry; manufacturing |
Noun |
|
| 商業 |
しょうぎょう |
shougyou |
commerce; trade |
Noun |
|
| 貿易 |
ぼうえき |
boueki |
trade; commerce |
Noun |
|
| 経済 |
けいざい |
keizai |
economy; economics |
Noun |
|
| 政治 |
せいじ |
seiji |
politics |
Noun |
|
| 政府 |
せいふ |
seifu |
government |
Noun |
|
| 法律 |
ほうりつ |
houritsu |
law |
Noun |
|
| 規則 |
きそく |
kisoku |
rule; regulation |
Noun |
|
| 税金 |
ぜいきん |
zeikin |
tax |
Noun |
|
| 選挙 |
せんきょ |
senkyo |
election |
Noun |
|
School and Education
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 学校 |
がっこう |
gakkou |
school |
Noun |
N5 but high frequency |
| 小学校 |
しょうがっこう |
shougakkou |
elementary school |
Noun |
|
| 中学校 |
ちゅうがっこう |
chuugakkou |
junior high school |
Noun |
|
| 高校 |
こうこう |
koukou |
high school |
Noun |
|
| 大学 |
だいがく |
daigaku |
university |
Noun |
|
| 専門学校 |
せんもんがっこう |
senmon gakkou |
vocational school |
Noun |
|
| 学生 |
がくせい |
gakusei |
student |
Noun |
|
| 生徒 |
せいと |
seito |
student (K-12) |
Noun |
|
| 先生 |
せんせい |
sensei |
teacher |
Noun |
N5 |
| 教師 |
きょうし |
kyoushi |
teacher (formal) |
Noun |
|
| 教授 |
きょうじゅ |
kyouju |
professor |
Noun |
|
| 校長 |
こうちょう |
kouchou |
principal |
Noun |
|
| 授業 |
じゅぎょう |
jugyou |
class; lesson |
Noun |
|
| 宿題 |
しゅくだい |
shukudai |
homework |
Noun |
N5 |
| 試験 |
しけん |
shiken |
exam; test |
Noun |
|
| テスト |
てすと |
tesuto |
test (informal) |
Noun |
|
| 成績 |
せいせき |
seiseki |
grades; results |
Noun |
|
| 点数 |
てんすう |
tensuu |
score; points |
Noun |
|
| 合格 |
ごうかく |
goukaku |
passing (an exam) |
Noun |
|
| 不合格 |
ふごうかく |
fugoukaku |
failing (an exam) |
Noun |
|
| 入学 |
にゅうがく |
nyuugaku |
school enrollment |
Noun |
|
| 卒業 |
そつぎょう |
sotsugyou |
graduation |
Noun |
|
| 勉強 |
べんきょう |
benkyou |
study; studying |
Noun |
|
| 練習 |
れんしゅう |
renshuu |
practice |
Noun |
|
| 復習 |
ふくしゅう |
fukushuu |
review; revision |
Noun |
|
| 予習 |
よしゅう |
yoshuu |
preview; preparation |
Noun |
|
| 教科書 |
きょうかしょ |
kyoukasho |
textbook |
Noun |
|
| ノート |
のーと |
nooto |
notebook |
Noun |
|
| 辞書 |
じしょ |
jisho |
dictionary |
Noun |
|
| 図書館 |
としょかん |
toshokan |
library |
Noun |
|
| 科目 |
かもく |
kamoku |
school subject |
Noun |
|
| 数学 |
すうがく |
suugaku |
mathematics |
Noun |
|
| 理科 |
りか |
rika |
science |
Noun |
|
| 社会 |
しゃかい |
shakai |
social studies |
Noun |
dual meaning |
| 国語 |
こくご |
kokugo |
Japanese language (class) |
Noun |
|
| 体育 |
たいいく |
taiiku |
physical education |
Noun |
|
| 音楽 |
おんがく |
ongaku |
music |
Noun |
|
| 美術 |
びじゅつ |
bijutsu |
art |
Noun |
|
| 歴史 |
れきし |
rekishi |
history |
Noun |
|
| 地理 |
ちり |
chiri |
geography |
Noun |
|
Health and the Body
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 体 |
からだ |
karada |
body |
Noun |
|
| 頭 |
あたま |
atama |
head; brain |
Noun |
|
| 顔 |
かお |
kao |
face |
Noun |
|
| 目 |
め |
me |
eye |
Noun |
|
| 耳 |
みみ |
mimi |
ear |
Noun |
|
| 鼻 |
はな |
hana |
nose |
Noun |
|
| 口 |
くち |
kuchi |
mouth |
Noun |
|
| 歯 |
は |
ha |
tooth |
Noun |
|
| 首 |
くび |
kubi |
neck |
Noun |
|
| 肩 |
かた |
kata |
shoulder |
Noun |
|
| 胸 |
むね |
mune |
chest; breast |
Noun |
|
| 腹 |
はら |
hara |
stomach; belly |
Noun |
casual |
| お腹 |
おなか |
onaka |
stomach |
Noun |
polite |
| 背中 |
せなか |
senaka |
back (of body) |
Noun |
|
| 腰 |
こし |
koshi |
lower back; hip |
Noun |
|
| 手 |
て |
te |
hand |
Noun |
|
| 指 |
ゆび |
yubi |
finger; toe |
Noun |
|
| 爪 |
つめ |
tsume |
fingernail; toenail |
Noun |
|
| 足 |
あし |
ashi |
foot; leg |
Noun |
|
| 膝 |
ひざ |
hiza |
knee |
Noun |
|
| 骨 |
ほね |
hone |
bone |
Noun |
|
| 皮膚 |
ひふ |
hifu |
skin |
Noun |
|
| 血 |
ち |
chi |
blood |
Noun |
|
| 心臓 |
しんぞう |
shinzou |
heart (organ) |
Noun |
|
| 病気 |
びょうき |
byouki |
illness; disease |
Noun |
|
| 風邪 |
かぜ |
kaze |
cold (illness) |
Noun |
|
| 熱 |
ねつ |
netsu |
fever |
Noun |
|
| 痛み |
いたみ |
itami |
pain; ache |
Noun |
|
| けが |
けが |
kega |
injury; wound |
Noun |
|
| 手術 |
しゅじゅつ |
shujutsu |
surgery; operation |
Noun |
|
| 入院 |
にゅういん |
nyuuiin |
hospitalization |
Noun |
|
| 退院 |
たいいん |
taiin |
leaving the hospital |
Noun |
|
| 注射 |
ちゅうしゃ |
chuusha |
injection; shot |
Noun |
|
| 薬 |
くすり |
kusuri |
medicine |
Noun |
|
| 病院 |
びょういん |
byouin |
hospital |
Noun |
|
| 医者 |
いしゃ |
isha |
doctor |
Noun |
|
| 看護師 |
かんごし |
kangoshi |
nurse |
Noun |
|
| 治療 |
ちりょう |
chiryou |
treatment; therapy |
Noun |
|
| 健康 |
けんこう |
kenkou |
health |
Noun/Adj-na |
|
| 栄養 |
えいよう |
eiyou |
nutrition |
Noun |
|
| 運動 |
うんどう |
undou |
exercise; movement |
Noun |
|
| 休息 |
きゅうそく |
kyuusoku |
rest; repose |
Noun |
|
| 睡眠 |
すいみん |
suimin |
sleep |
Noun |
|
| ダイエット |
だいえっと |
daietto |
diet (losing weight) |
Noun |
|
Food and Drink
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 料理 |
りょうり |
ryouri |
cooking; cuisine |
Noun |
|
| 食事 |
しょくじ |
shokuji |
meal |
Noun |
|
| 朝食 |
ちょうしょく |
choushoku |
breakfast (formal) |
Noun |
|
| 昼食 |
ちゅうしょく |
chuushoku |
lunch (formal) |
Noun |
|
| 夕食 |
ゆうしょく |
yuushoku |
dinner (formal) |
Noun |
|
| ご飯 |
ごはん |
gohan |
cooked rice; meal |
Noun |
|
| 炊く |
たく |
taku |
to cook rice |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 味 |
あじ |
aji |
taste; flavor |
Noun |
|
| 甘い |
あまい |
amai |
sweet |
Adj-i |
|
| 辛い |
からい |
karai |
spicy; salty |
Adj-i |
|
| 苦い |
にがい |
nigai |
bitter |
Adj-i |
|
| 酸っぱい |
すっぱい |
suppai |
sour |
Adj-i |
|
| 塩辛い |
しおからい |
shiokarai |
salty |
Adj-i |
|
| 濃い |
こい |
koi |
thick; rich (flavor) |
Adj-i |
|
| 薄い |
うすい |
usui |
thin; light (flavor) |
Adj-i |
|
| 新鮮 |
しんせん |
shinsen |
fresh |
Adj-na |
|
| 腐る |
くさる |
kusaru |
to go bad; to rot |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 賞味期限 |
しょうみきげん |
shoumi kigen |
best-before date |
Noun |
|
| 材料 |
ざいりょう |
zairyou |
ingredients; materials |
Noun |
|
| レシピ |
れしぴ |
reshipi |
recipe |
Noun |
|
| 調理 |
ちょうり |
chouri |
cooking; food preparation |
Noun |
|
| 切る |
きる |
kiru |
to cut |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 混ぜる |
まぜる |
mazeru |
to mix; to stir |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 煮る |
にる |
niru |
to boil; to simmer |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 焼く |
やく |
yaku |
to grill; to bake; to fry |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 揚げる |
あげる |
ageru |
to deep-fry |
Verb (v1) |
differs from あげる (give) |
| 蒸す |
むす |
musu |
to steam |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 炒める |
いためる |
itameru |
to stir-fry; to sauté |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 残す |
のこす |
nokosu |
to leave (food) behind |
Verb (v5) |
|
| お菓子 |
おかし |
okashi |
sweets; snacks |
Noun |
|
| パン |
ぱん |
pan |
bread |
Noun |
|
| 麺 |
めん |
men |
noodles |
Noun |
|
| 餃子 |
ぎょうざ |
gyouza |
dumpling |
Noun |
|
| 丼 |
どんぶり |
donburi |
rice bowl dish |
Noun |
|
| 弁当 |
べんとう |
bentou |
lunchbox |
Noun |
|
| 居酒屋 |
いざかや |
izakaya |
Japanese pub |
Noun |
|
| 定食 |
ていしょく |
teishoku |
set meal |
Noun |
|
| おかわり |
おかわり |
okawari |
second helping; refill |
Noun |
|
| 食欲 |
しょくよく |
shokuyoku |
appetite |
Noun |
|
Transportation and Travel
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 交通 |
こうつう |
koutsuu |
traffic; transportation |
Noun |
|
| 乗り物 |
のりもの |
norimono |
vehicle; means of transport |
Noun |
|
| 電車 |
でんしゃ |
densha |
train; electric train |
Noun |
|
| 新幹線 |
しんかんせん |
shinkansen |
bullet train |
Noun |
|
| 地下鉄 |
ちかてつ |
chikatetsu |
subway; metro |
Noun |
|
| バス |
ばす |
basu |
bus |
Noun |
|
| タクシー |
たくしー |
takushii |
taxi |
Noun |
|
| 飛行機 |
ひこうき |
hikouki |
airplane |
Noun |
|
| 船 |
ふね |
fune |
ship; boat |
Noun |
|
| 自転車 |
じてんしゃ |
jitensha |
bicycle |
Noun |
|
| オートバイ |
おーとばい |
ootobai |
motorcycle |
Noun |
|
| 自動車 |
じどうしゃ |
jidousha |
automobile; car |
Noun |
formal |
| 車 |
くるま |
kuruma |
car; vehicle |
Noun |
casual |
| 駅 |
えき |
eki |
station |
Noun |
|
| 空港 |
くうこう |
kuukou |
airport |
Noun |
|
| 港 |
みなと |
minato |
harbor; port |
Noun |
|
| バス停 |
ばすてい |
basu tei |
bus stop |
Noun |
|
| 乗り場 |
のりば |
noriba |
boarding area |
Noun |
|
| 改札口 |
かいさつぐち |
kaisatsuguchi |
ticket gate |
Noun |
|
| ホーム |
ほーむ |
hoomu |
platform |
Noun |
|
| 切符 |
きっぷ |
kippu |
ticket |
Noun |
|
| 定期券 |
ていきけん |
teikiken |
commuter pass |
Noun |
|
| 乗車 |
じょうしゃ |
jousha |
boarding; getting on |
Noun |
|
| 下車 |
げしゃ |
gesha |
getting off |
Noun |
|
| 乗り換え |
のりかえ |
norikae |
transfer; changing trains |
Noun |
|
| 路線 |
ろせん |
rosen |
route; line |
Noun |
|
| 時刻表 |
じこくひょう |
jikokuhyou |
timetable; schedule |
Noun |
|
| 遅延 |
ちえん |
chien |
delay |
Noun |
|
| 道路 |
どうろ |
douro |
road; highway |
Noun |
|
| 橋 |
はし |
hashi |
bridge |
Noun |
|
| 交差点 |
こうさてん |
kousaten |
intersection |
Noun |
|
| 信号 |
しんごう |
shingou |
traffic light; signal |
Noun |
|
| 渋滞 |
じゅうたい |
juutai |
traffic jam |
Noun |
|
| 駐車場 |
ちゅうしゃじょう |
chuushajou |
parking lot |
Noun |
|
| 地図 |
ちず |
chizu |
map |
Noun |
|
| 旅行 |
りょこう |
ryokou |
travel; trip |
Noun |
|
| 出発 |
しゅっぱつ |
shuppatsu |
departure |
Noun |
|
| 到着 |
とうちゃく |
touchaku |
arrival |
Noun |
|
| 観光 |
かんこう |
kankou |
sightseeing; tourism |
Noun |
|
| 土産 |
みやげ |
miyage |
souvenir; gift |
Noun |
|
| ホテル |
ほてる |
hoteru |
hotel |
Noun |
|
| 旅館 |
りょかん |
ryokan |
traditional Japanese inn |
Noun |
|
| 予約 |
よやく |
yoyaku |
reservation; booking |
Noun |
|
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 買い物 |
かいもの |
kaimono |
shopping |
Noun |
|
| 値段 |
ねだん |
nedan |
price |
Noun |
|
| 料金 |
りょうきん |
ryoukin |
fee; charge |
Noun |
|
| 代金 |
だいきん |
daikin |
price; cost |
Noun |
|
| 消費税 |
しょうひぜい |
shouhizei |
consumption tax |
Noun |
|
| 割引 |
わりびき |
waribiki |
discount |
Noun |
|
| セール |
せーる |
seeru |
sale |
Noun |
|
| 特売 |
とくばい |
tokubai |
special sale |
Noun |
|
| 高い |
たかい |
takai |
expensive; high |
Adj-i |
|
| 安い |
やすい |
yasui |
cheap; inexpensive |
Adj-i |
|
| 品物 |
しなもの |
shinamono |
goods; merchandise |
Noun |
|
| 商品 |
しょうひん |
shouhin |
product; merchandise |
Noun |
|
| 在庫 |
ざいこ |
zaiko |
stock; inventory |
Noun |
|
| 売り切れ |
うりきれ |
urikire |
sold out |
Noun |
|
| レジ |
れじ |
reji |
cash register; checkout |
Noun |
|
| 領収書 |
りょうしゅうしょ |
ryoushuusho |
receipt (formal) |
Noun |
|
| レシート |
れしーと |
reshiito |
receipt (casual) |
Noun |
|
| 財布 |
さいふ |
saifu |
wallet; purse |
Noun |
|
| 現金 |
げんきん |
genkin |
cash |
Noun |
|
| クレジットカード |
くれじっとかーど |
kurejitto kaado |
credit card |
Noun |
|
| お釣り |
おつり |
otsuri |
change (money returned) |
Noun |
|
| 払う |
はらう |
harau |
to pay |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 借りる |
かりる |
kariru |
to borrow |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 貸す |
かす |
kasu |
to lend |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 返す |
かえす |
kaesu |
to return (something) |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 銀行 |
ぎんこう |
ginkou |
bank |
Noun |
|
| 口座 |
こうざ |
kouza |
bank account |
Noun |
|
| 預ける |
あずける |
azukeru |
to deposit; to entrust |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 引き出す |
ひきだす |
hikidasu |
to withdraw |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 振り込む |
ふりこむ |
furikomu |
to transfer (money) |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 利子 |
りし |
rishi |
interest (financial) |
Noun |
|
| 節約 |
せつやく |
setsuyaku |
saving; economizing |
Noun |
|
| 浪費 |
ろうひ |
rouhi |
waste; extravagance |
Noun |
|
Communication
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 電話 |
でんわ |
denwa |
telephone |
Noun |
|
| 携帯電話 |
けいたいでんわ |
keitai denwa |
mobile phone |
Noun |
|
| スマートフォン |
すまーとふぉん |
sumaatofon |
smartphone |
Noun |
|
| メール |
めーる |
meeru |
email |
Noun |
|
| 手紙 |
てがみ |
tegami |
letter |
Noun |
|
| 住所 |
じゅうしょ |
juusho |
address |
Noun |
|
| 封筒 |
ふうとう |
fuutou |
envelope |
Noun |
|
| 切手 |
きって |
kitte |
postage stamp |
Noun |
|
| 郵便 |
ゆうびん |
yuubin |
mail; postal service |
Noun |
|
| 郵便局 |
ゆうびんきょく |
yuubinkyoku |
post office |
Noun |
|
| 伝言 |
でんごん |
dengon |
message; verbal message |
Noun |
|
| メッセージ |
めっせーじ |
messeeji |
message |
Noun |
|
| 会話 |
かいわ |
kaiwa |
conversation |
Noun |
|
| 話し合い |
はなしあい |
hanashiai |
discussion |
Noun |
|
| 相談 |
そうだん |
soudan |
consultation; talk |
Noun |
|
| 質問 |
しつもん |
shitsumon |
question |
Noun |
|
| 返事 |
へんじ |
henji |
reply; response |
Noun |
|
| 断る |
ことわる |
kotowaru |
to refuse; to decline |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 謝る |
あやまる |
ayamaru |
to apologize |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 褒める |
ほめる |
homeru |
to praise |
Verb (v1) |
|
| 叱る |
しかる |
shikaru |
to scold |
Verb (v5) |
|
| 挨拶 |
あいさつ |
aisatsu |
greeting |
Noun |
|
| 紹介 |
しょうかい |
shoukai |
introduction |
Noun |
|
| 招待 |
しょうたい |
shoutai |
invitation |
Noun |
|
| 断り |
ことわり |
kotowari |
refusal; decline |
Noun |
|
Weather and Nature
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 天気 |
てんき |
tenki |
weather |
Noun |
|
| 気候 |
きこう |
kikou |
climate |
Noun |
|
| 気温 |
きおん |
kion |
air temperature |
Noun |
|
| 温度 |
おんど |
ondo |
temperature |
Noun |
|
| 湿度 |
しつど |
shitsudo |
humidity |
Noun |
|
| 晴れ |
はれ |
hare |
clear sky; sunshine |
Noun |
|
| 曇り |
くもり |
kumori |
cloudiness |
Noun |
|
| 雨 |
あめ |
ame |
rain |
Noun |
|
| 雪 |
ゆき |
yuki |
snow |
Noun |
|
| 風 |
かぜ |
kaze |
wind |
Noun |
|
| 台風 |
たいふう |
taifuu |
typhoon |
Noun |
|
| 地震 |
じしん |
jishin |
earthquake |
Noun |
|
| 洪水 |
こうずい |
kouzui |
flood |
Noun |
|
| 雷 |
かみなり |
kaminari |
thunder; lightning |
Noun |
|
| 虹 |
にじ |
niji |
rainbow |
Noun |
|
| 霧 |
きり |
kiri |
fog; mist |
Noun |
|
| 霜 |
しも |
shimo |
frost |
Noun |
|
| 暑い |
あつい |
atsui |
hot (weather) |
Adj-i |
|
| 寒い |
さむい |
samui |
cold (weather) |
Adj-i |
|
| 涼しい |
すずしい |
suzushii |
cool (weather) |
Adj-i |
|
| 暖かい |
あたたかい |
atatakai |
warm |
Adj-i |
|
| 蒸し暑い |
むしあつい |
mushiatsui |
hot and humid; sultry |
Adj-i |
|
| 予報 |
よほう |
yohou |
forecast |
Noun |
|
| 天気予報 |
てんきよほう |
tenki yohou |
weather forecast |
Noun |
|
| 季節 |
きせつ |
kisetsu |
season |
Noun |
|
| 春 |
はる |
haru |
spring |
Noun |
|
| 夏 |
なつ |
natsu |
summer |
Noun |
|
| 秋 |
あき |
aki |
autumn; fall |
Noun |
|
| 冬 |
ふゆ |
fuyu |
winter |
Noun |
|
| 自然 |
しぜん |
shizen |
nature |
Noun |
|
| 森 |
もり |
mori |
forest; woods |
Noun |
|
| 林 |
はやし |
hayashi |
small forest; grove |
Noun |
|
| 川 |
かわ |
kawa |
river |
Noun |
|
| 海 |
うみ |
umi |
sea; ocean |
Noun |
|
| 池 |
いけ |
ike |
pond |
Noun |
|
| 湖 |
みずうみ |
mizuumi |
lake |
Noun |
|
| 山 |
やま |
yama |
mountain |
Noun |
|
| 島 |
しま |
shima |
island |
Noun |
|
| 砂漠 |
さばく |
sabaku |
desert |
Noun |
|
| 草 |
くさ |
kusa |
grass; weed |
Noun |
|
| 木 |
き |
ki |
tree; wood |
Noun |
|
| 花 |
はな |
hana |
flower |
Noun |
|
| 葉 |
は |
ha |
leaf |
Noun |
|
| 種 |
たね |
tane |
seed |
Noun |
|
| 動物 |
どうぶつ |
doubutsu |
animal |
Noun |
|
| 植物 |
しょくぶつ |
shokubutsu |
plant |
Noun |
|
| 鳥 |
とり |
tori |
bird |
Noun |
|
| 魚 |
さかな |
sakana |
fish |
Noun |
|
| 虫 |
むし |
mushi |
insect; bug |
Noun |
|
Relationships and Family
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 家族 |
かぞく |
kazoku |
family |
Noun |
|
| 両親 |
りょうしん |
ryoushin |
parents (both) |
Noun |
|
| 父 |
ちち |
chichi |
father (own) |
Noun |
|
| 母 |
はは |
haha |
mother (own) |
Noun |
|
| お父さん |
おとうさん |
otousan |
father (someone else's) |
Noun |
|
| お母さん |
おかあさん |
okaasan |
mother (someone else's) |
Noun |
|
| 兄 |
あに |
ani |
older brother (own) |
Noun |
|
| 姉 |
あね |
ane |
older sister (own) |
Noun |
|
| 弟 |
おとうと |
otouto |
younger brother |
Noun |
|
| 妹 |
いもうと |
imouto |
younger sister |
Noun |
|
| 夫 |
おっと |
otto |
husband (own) |
Noun |
|
| 妻 |
つま |
tsuma |
wife (own) |
Noun |
|
| 祖父 |
そふ |
sofu |
grandfather (own) |
Noun |
|
| 祖母 |
そぼ |
sobo |
grandmother (own) |
Noun |
|
| 孫 |
まご |
mago |
grandchild |
Noun |
|
| 叔父 |
おじ |
oji |
uncle |
Noun |
|
| 叔母 |
おば |
oba |
aunt |
Noun |
|
| 従兄弟 |
いとこ |
itoko |
cousin |
Noun |
|
| 友達 |
ともだち |
tomodachi |
friend |
Noun |
N5 |
| 友人 |
ゆうじん |
yuujin |
friend (formal) |
Noun |
|
| 知人 |
ちじん |
chijin |
acquaintance |
Noun |
|
| 恋人 |
こいびと |
koibito |
lover; boyfriend/girlfriend |
Noun |
|
| 彼氏 |
かれし |
kareshi |
boyfriend |
Noun |
|
| 彼女 |
かのじょ |
kanojo |
girlfriend; she |
Noun |
|
| 隣人 |
りんじん |
rinjin |
neighbor |
Noun |
|
| 人間関係 |
にんげんかんけい |
ningen kankei |
human relations |
Noun |
|
| 別れ |
わかれ |
wakare |
parting; breakup |
Noun |
|
| 結婚 |
けっこん |
kekkon |
marriage |
Noun |
|
| 離婚 |
りこん |
rikon |
divorce |
Noun |
|
| 出産 |
しゅっさん |
shussan |
childbirth |
Noun |
|
| 育てる |
そだてる |
sodateru |
to raise; to bring up |
Verb (v1) |
|
Hobbies and Culture
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 趣味 |
しゅみ |
shumi |
hobby; interest |
Noun |
|
| スポーツ |
すぽーつ |
supootsu |
sport |
Noun |
|
| 運動 |
うんどう |
undou |
exercise; physical activity |
Noun |
|
| 試合 |
しあい |
shiai |
match; game |
Noun |
|
| 練習 |
れんしゅう |
renshuu |
practice |
Noun |
|
| チーム |
ちーむ |
chiimu |
team |
Noun |
|
| 選手 |
せんしゅ |
senshu |
player; athlete |
Noun |
|
| 観客 |
かんきゃく |
kankyaku |
audience; spectators |
Noun |
|
| 映画 |
えいが |
eiga |
movie; film |
Noun |
|
| 音楽 |
おんがく |
ongaku |
music |
Noun |
|
| 絵 |
え |
e |
picture; painting |
Noun |
|
| 写真 |
しゃしん |
shashin |
photograph |
Noun |
|
| 読書 |
どくしょ |
dokusho |
reading (books) |
Noun |
|
| 旅行 |
りょこう |
ryokou |
travel |
Noun |
|
| 料理 |
りょうり |
ryouri |
cooking |
Noun |
|
| ゲーム |
げーむ |
geemu |
game |
Noun |
|
| 漫画 |
まんが |
manga |
comic; manga |
Noun |
|
| アニメ |
あにめ |
anime |
anime; animation |
Noun |
|
| 歌 |
うた |
uta |
song |
Noun |
|
| 踊り |
おどり |
odori |
dance |
Noun |
|
| 着物 |
きもの |
kimono |
kimono (Japanese garment) |
Noun |
|
| 祭り |
まつり |
matsuri |
festival |
Noun |
|
| 茶道 |
さどう |
sadou |
tea ceremony |
Noun |
|
| 華道 |
かどう |
kadou |
flower arranging |
Noun |
|
| 武道 |
ぶどう |
budou |
martial arts |
Noun |
|
| 柔道 |
じゅうどう |
juudou |
judo |
Noun |
|
| 空手 |
からて |
karate |
karate |
Noun |
|
| 剣道 |
けんどう |
kendou |
kendo (swordsmanship) |
Noun |
|
| 囲碁 |
いご |
igo |
go (board game) |
Noun |
|
| 将棋 |
しょうぎ |
shougi |
shogi (Japanese chess) |
Noun |
|
| 楽器 |
がっき |
gakki |
musical instrument |
Noun |
|
| ピアノ |
ぴあの |
piano |
piano |
Noun |
|
| ギター |
ぎたー |
gitaa |
guitar |
Noun |
|
| 舞台 |
ぶたい |
butai |
stage; performance |
Noun |
|
| 博物館 |
はくぶつかん |
hakubutsukan |
museum |
Noun |
|
| 美術館 |
びじゅつかん |
bijutsukan |
art museum |
Noun |
|
| 展覧会 |
てんらんかい |
tenrankai |
exhibition |
Noun |
|
| コンサート |
こんさーと |
konsaato |
concert |
Noun |
|
Time and Schedule
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Part of Speech |
Notes |
| 時間 |
じかん |
jikan |
time; hour |
Noun |
|
| 時刻 |
じこく |
jikoku |
time (point); hour |
Noun |
|
| 期間 |
きかん |
kikan |
period; term |
Noun |
|
| 締め切り |
しめきり |
shimekiri |
deadline |
Noun |
|
| 期限 |
きげん |
kigen |
deadline; time limit |
Noun |
|
| 予定 |
よてい |
yotei |
schedule; plan |
Noun |
|
| 日程 |
にってい |
nittei |
schedule; itinerary |
Noun |
|
| 当日 |
とうじつ |
toujitsu |
the day itself |
Noun |
|
| 翌日 |
よくじつ |
yokujitsu |
the next day |
Noun |
|
| 前日 |
ぜんじつ |
zenjitsu |
the day before |
Noun |
|
| 当時 |
とうじ |
touji |
at that time; in those days |
Noun |
|
| 現在 |
げんざい |
genzai |
the present; now |
Noun |
|
| 過去 |
かこ |
kako |
the past |
Noun |
|
| 未来 |
みらい |
mirai |
the future |
Noun |
|
| 最近 |
さいきん |
saikin |
recently; these days |
Noun |
|
| 以前 |
いぜん |
izen |
before; formerly |
Noun |
|
| 以後 |
いご |
igo |
after; from now on |
Noun |
|
| 以来 |
いらい |
irai |
since; ever since |
Noun |
|
| 久しぶり |
ひさしぶり |
hisashiburi |
long time no see; after a long time |
Noun |
|
| すぐに |
すぐに |
sugu ni |
immediately; right away |
Adv |
|
| そのうち |
そのうち |
sono uchi |
soon; before long |
Adv |
|
| やがて |
やがて |
yagate |
soon; before long |
Adv |
|
| もうすぐ |
もうすぐ |
mousugu |
soon; shortly |
Adv |
|
| なかなか |
なかなか |
nakanaka |
not easily; quite |
Adv |
with negative = "not easily" |
| ようやく |
ようやく |
youyaku |
finally; at last |
Adv |
|
| とっくに |
とっくに |
tokkuni |
long ago; already |
Adv |
|
Key N4 Verbs
Compound and Complex Verbs (Group 1 — Ichidan/v1)
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Notes |
| 始める |
はじめる |
hajimeru |
to begin; to start (trans.) |
|
| 終える |
おえる |
oeru |
to finish; to end (trans.) |
|
| 覚える |
おぼえる |
oboeru |
to memorize; to learn |
|
| 忘れる |
わすれる |
wasureru |
to forget |
|
| 調べる |
しらべる |
shiraberu |
to investigate; to look up |
|
| 伝える |
つたえる |
tsutaeru |
to convey; to tell |
|
| 考える |
かんがえる |
kangaeru |
to think; to consider |
|
| 答える |
こたえる |
kotaeru |
to answer; to respond |
|
| 教える |
おしえる |
oshieru |
to teach; to tell |
|
| 迎える |
むかえる |
mukaeru |
to welcome; to pick up |
|
| 集める |
あつめる |
atsumeru |
to collect; to gather |
|
| 見せる |
みせる |
miseru |
to show |
|
| 見える |
みえる |
mieru |
to be visible; to seem |
|
| 聞こえる |
きこえる |
kikoeru |
to be audible; can hear |
|
| 起こす |
おこす |
okosu |
to wake (someone) up |
|
| 落ちる |
おちる |
ochiru |
to fall; to drop |
|
| 落とす |
おとす |
otosu |
to drop (something) |
|
| 建てる |
たてる |
tateru |
to build; to construct |
|
| 変える |
かえる |
kaeru |
to change (something) |
|
| 変わる |
かわる |
kawaru |
to change (intrans.) |
|
| 増える |
ふえる |
fueru |
to increase (intrans.) |
|
| 減る |
へる |
heru |
to decrease (intrans.) |
|
| 増やす |
ふやす |
fuyasu |
to increase (trans.) |
|
| 減らす |
へらす |
herasu |
to decrease (trans.) |
|
| 続ける |
つづける |
tsuzukeru |
to continue (trans.) |
|
| 続く |
つづく |
tsuzuku |
to continue (intrans.) |
|
| 決める |
きめる |
kimeru |
to decide |
|
| 決まる |
きまる |
kimaru |
to be decided |
|
| 捨てる |
すてる |
suteru |
to throw away; to discard |
|
| 入れる |
いれる |
ireru |
to put in; to insert |
|
| 出る |
でる |
deru |
to go out; to appear |
|
| 出かける |
でかける |
dekakeru |
to go out; to leave |
|
| 諦める |
あきらめる |
akirameru |
to give up |
|
| 認める |
みとめる |
mitomeru |
to acknowledge; to admit |
|
| 助ける |
たすける |
tasukeru |
to help; to rescue |
|
| 比べる |
くらべる |
kuraberu |
to compare |
|
| 調べる |
しらべる |
shiraberu |
to check; to research |
|
| 育てる |
そだてる |
sodateru |
to raise; to nurture |
|
| 生まれる |
うまれる |
umareru |
to be born |
|
| 死ぬ |
しぬ |
shinu |
to die |
v5 (irregular) |
| 生きる |
いきる |
ikiru |
to live; to be alive |
|
| 着る |
きる |
kiru |
to wear (clothing above waist) |
|
| 脱ぐ |
ぬぐ |
nugu |
to take off (clothing) |
v5 |
| 似る |
にる |
niru |
to resemble; to look like |
|
| 疲れる |
つかれる |
tsukareru |
to get tired |
|
| 慣れる |
なれる |
nareru |
to get used to |
|
| 驚く |
おどろく |
odoroku |
to be surprised |
v5 |
| 喜ぶ |
よろこぶ |
yorokobu |
to be pleased; to rejoice |
v5 |
| 悲しむ |
かなしむ |
kanashimu |
to grieve; to be sad |
v5 |
Group 2 Verbs (Godan/v5) — New at N4
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Notes |
| 送る |
おくる |
okuru |
to send; to see off |
|
| 運ぶ |
はこぶ |
hakobu |
to carry; to transport |
|
| 引く |
ひく |
hiku |
to pull; to draw |
|
| 押す |
おす |
osu |
to push |
|
| 持つ |
もつ |
motsu |
to hold; to have |
|
| 拾う |
ひろう |
hirou |
to pick up |
|
| 捨てる |
すてる |
suteru |
to throw away |
v1 |
| 渡す |
わたす |
watasu |
to hand over; to give |
|
| 渡る |
わたる |
wataru |
to cross |
|
| 通る |
とおる |
tooru |
to pass through |
|
| 曲がる |
まがる |
magaru |
to turn; to bend |
|
| 止まる |
とまる |
tomaru |
to stop (intrans.) |
|
| 止める |
とめる |
tomeru |
to stop (trans.) |
v1 |
| 動く |
うごく |
ugoku |
to move (intrans.) |
|
| 動かす |
うごかす |
ugokasu |
to move (trans.) |
|
| 壊す |
こわす |
kowasu |
to break; to destroy |
|
| 壊れる |
こわれる |
kowareru |
to break; to be broken |
v1 |
| 直す |
なおす |
naosu |
to fix; to correct |
|
| 直る |
なおる |
naoru |
to be fixed; to recover |
|
| 売る |
うる |
uru |
to sell |
|
| 買う |
かう |
kau |
to buy |
|
| 借りる |
かりる |
kariru |
to borrow |
v1 |
| 貸す |
かす |
kasu |
to lend |
|
| 返す |
かえす |
kaesu |
to return (something) |
|
| 払う |
はらう |
harau |
to pay |
|
| 稼ぐ |
かせぐ |
kasegu |
to earn (money) |
|
| 働く |
はたらく |
hataraku |
to work |
|
| 休む |
やすむ |
yasumu |
to rest; to be absent |
|
| 急ぐ |
いそぐ |
isogu |
to hurry |
|
| 遅れる |
おくれる |
okureru |
to be late |
v1 |
| 間に合う |
まにあう |
maniau |
to be in time; to make it |
compound |
| 困る |
こまる |
komaru |
to be troubled; to be at a loss |
|
| 頑張る |
がんばる |
ganbaru |
to do one's best; to hang in there |
|
| 諦める |
あきらめる |
akirameru |
to give up |
v1 |
| 喧嘩する |
けんかする |
kenka suru |
to quarrel; to fight |
suru-v |
| 相談する |
そうだんする |
soudan suru |
to consult; to discuss |
suru-v |
| 連絡する |
れんらくする |
renraku suru |
to contact; to get in touch |
suru-v |
| 説明する |
せつめいする |
setsumei suru |
to explain |
suru-v |
| 練習する |
れんしゅうする |
renshuu suru |
to practice |
suru-v |
| 研究する |
けんきゅうする |
kenkyuu suru |
to research |
suru-v |
| 発表する |
はっぴょうする |
happyou suru |
to announce; to present |
suru-v |
| 準備する |
じゅんびする |
junbi suru |
to prepare |
suru-v |
| 計画する |
けいかくする |
keikaku suru |
to plan |
suru-v |
| 予約する |
よやくする |
yoyaku suru |
to reserve; to book |
suru-v |
| 卒業する |
そつぎょうする |
sotsugyou suru |
to graduate |
suru-v |
| 入学する |
にゅうがくする |
nyuugaku suru |
to enroll (in school) |
suru-v |
| 結婚する |
けっこんする |
kekkon suru |
to get married |
suru-v |
| 離婚する |
りこんする |
rikon suru |
to get divorced |
suru-v |
| 引っ越す |
ひっこす |
hikkosu |
to move (residence) |
|
| 引っ越し |
ひっこし |
hikkoshi |
moving (house) |
Noun |
| 旅行する |
りょこうする |
ryokou suru |
to travel |
suru-v |
| 運転する |
うんてんする |
unten suru |
to drive |
suru-v |
| 電話する |
でんわする |
denwa suru |
to telephone |
suru-v |
| 紹介する |
しょうかいする |
shoukai suru |
to introduce |
suru-v |
| 招待する |
しょうたいする |
shoutai suru |
to invite |
suru-v |
| 利用する |
りようする |
riyou suru |
to use; to make use of |
suru-v |
| 注意する |
ちゅういする |
chuui suru |
to pay attention; to warn |
suru-v |
| 心配する |
しんぱいする |
shinpai suru |
to worry |
suru-v |
| 安心する |
あんしんする |
anshin suru |
to feel relieved |
suru-v |
| 失敗する |
しっぱいする |
shippai suru |
to fail; to make a mistake |
suru-v |
| 成功する |
せいこうする |
seikou suru |
to succeed |
suru-v |
| 合格する |
ごうかくする |
goukaku suru |
to pass (an exam) |
suru-v |
N4 Adjectives
i-Adjectives (〜い)
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Notes |
| 難しい |
むずかしい |
muzukashii |
difficult; hard |
|
| 易しい |
やさしい |
yasashii |
easy (task) |
different from 優しい |
| 正しい |
ただしい |
tadashii |
correct; right |
|
| 固い/硬い |
かたい |
katai |
hard; firm; stiff |
|
| 柔らかい |
やわらかい |
yawarakai |
soft; tender |
|
| 太い |
ふとい |
futoi |
thick; fat |
|
| 細い |
ほそい |
hosoi |
thin; slender |
|
| 深い |
ふかい |
fukai |
deep |
|
| 浅い |
あさい |
asai |
shallow |
|
| 広い |
ひろい |
hiroi |
wide; spacious |
|
| 狭い |
せまい |
semai |
narrow; cramped |
|
| 重い |
おもい |
omoi |
heavy |
|
| 軽い |
かるい |
karui |
light (weight) |
|
| 若い |
わかい |
wakai |
young |
|
| 古い |
ふるい |
furui |
old (things) |
|
| 珍しい |
めずらしい |
mezurashii |
rare; unusual |
|
| おかしい |
おかしい |
okashii |
funny; strange |
|
| 恥ずかしい |
はずかしい |
hazukashii |
embarrassing; shy |
|
| 悔しい |
くやしい |
kuyashii |
vexing; regrettable |
|
| 羨ましい |
うらやましい |
urayamashii |
enviable; jealous |
|
| 怖い |
こわい |
kowai |
scary; afraid |
|
| 痛い |
いたい |
itai |
painful; sore |
|
| 眠い |
ねむい |
nemui |
sleepy |
|
| 暇 |
ひま |
hima |
free (time); idle |
na-adj |
| 懐かしい |
なつかしい |
natsukashii |
nostalgic; dear to one's memory |
|
| ひどい |
ひどい |
hidoi |
terrible; cruel |
|
| すごい |
すごい |
sugoi |
amazing; terrible |
|
| うまい |
うまい |
umai |
skillful; delicious (casual) |
|
| まずい |
まずい |
mazui |
bad-tasting; awkward |
|
| くだらない |
くだらない |
kudaranai |
worthless; trivial |
|
| もったいない |
もったいない |
mottainai |
wasteful; too good to waste |
|
na-Adjectives (〜な)
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Notes |
| 便利 |
べんり |
benri |
convenient; useful |
|
| 不便 |
ふべん |
fuben |
inconvenient |
|
| 簡単 |
かんたん |
kantan |
easy; simple |
|
| 複雑 |
ふくざつ |
fukuzatsu |
complicated; complex |
|
| 丁寧 |
ていねい |
teinei |
polite; careful |
|
| 親切 |
しんせつ |
shinsetsu |
kind; helpful |
|
| 失礼 |
しつれい |
shitsurei |
rude; impolite |
|
| 真剣 |
しんけん |
shinken |
serious; earnest |
|
| 適切 |
てきせつ |
tekisetsu |
appropriate; suitable |
|
| 不適切 |
ふてきせつ |
futekisetsu |
inappropriate |
|
| 正確 |
せいかく |
seikaku |
accurate; precise |
|
| 具体的 |
ぐたいてき |
gutaiteki |
concrete; specific |
|
| 抽象的 |
ちゅうしょうてき |
chuushouteki |
abstract |
|
| 積極的 |
せっきょくてき |
sekkyokuteki |
positive; aggressive |
|
| 消極的 |
しょうきょくてき |
shoukyokuteki |
passive; negative |
|
| 自由 |
じゆう |
jiyuu |
free; liberal |
|
| 親密 |
しんみつ |
shinmitsu |
intimate; close |
|
| 有名 |
ゆうめい |
yuumei |
famous |
|
| 立派 |
りっぱ |
rippa |
fine; splendid |
|
| 素直 |
すなお |
sunao |
obedient; honest |
|
| 素敵 |
すてき |
suteki |
lovely; wonderful |
|
| ユニーク |
ゆにーく |
yuniiku |
unique |
|
| 得意 |
とくい |
tokui |
good at; one's specialty |
|
| 苦手 |
にがて |
nigate |
not good at; weak point |
|
| 大変 |
たいへん |
taihen |
hard; terrible; very |
dual use |
| 適当 |
てきとう |
tekitou |
appropriate; random (casual) |
|
| 上手 |
じょうず |
jouzu |
skilled; good at |
|
| 下手 |
へた |
heta |
unskilled; poor at |
|
| 平気 |
へいき |
heiki |
calm; indifferent |
|
| 真面目 |
まじめ |
majime |
serious; diligent |
|
| 変 |
へん |
hen |
strange; odd |
|
| 嫌 |
いや |
iya |
disagreeable; unpleasant |
|
| 好き |
すき |
suki |
liked; fond of |
N5 but very frequent |
| 嫌い |
きらい |
kirai |
disliked |
|
| 大好き |
だいすき |
daisuki |
love; really like |
|
| 大嫌い |
だいきらい |
daikirai |
really dislike; hate |
|
Adverbs and Expressions
| Japanese |
Reading |
Romaji |
English |
Notes |
| だいぶ |
だいぶ |
daibu |
considerably; quite |
|
| かなり |
かなり |
kanari |
fairly; considerably |
|
| もっと |
もっと |
motto |
more |
|
| もっとも |
もっとも |
mottomo |
most; extremely |
also means "that's right" |
| なるべく |
なるべく |
narubeku |
as much as possible |
|
| できるだけ |
できるだけ |
dekiru dake |
as much as possible |
|
| ぜひ |
ぜひ |
zehi |
by all means; please |
|
| きっと |
きっと |
kitto |
surely; certainly |
|
| もちろん |
もちろん |
mochiron |
of course |
|
| たぶん |
たぶん |
tabun |
probably; perhaps |
|
| もしかして |
もしかして |
moshikashite |
perhaps; possibly |
|
| まるで |
まるで |
marude |
just like; as if |
+ よう |
| ちゃんと |
ちゃんと |
chanto |
properly; correctly |
casual |
| きちんと |
きちんと |
kichinto |
neatly; properly |
|
| しっかり |
しっかり |
shikkari |
firmly; properly |
|
| ゆっくり |
ゆっくり |
yukkuri |
slowly; leisurely |
|
| はっきり |
はっきり |
hakkiri |
clearly; distinctly |
|
| すっかり |
すっかり |
sukkari |
completely; entirely |
|
| どんどん |
どんどん |
dondoni |
rapidly; one after another |
|
| だんだん |
だんだん |
dandan |
gradually; more and more |
|
| どうせ |
どうせ |
douse |
anyway; after all |
|
| せっかく |
せっかく |
sekkaku |
with much trouble; specially |
|
| いつのまにか |
いつのまにか |
itsu no ma ni ka |
before one knows it |
|
| とにかく |
とにかく |
tonikaku |
anyway; at any rate |
|
| もともと |
もともと |
moto moto |
originally; from the start |
|
| やはり/やっぱり |
やはり/やっぱり |
yahari/yappari |
as expected; after all |
|
| さすが |
さすが |
sasuga |
as expected (of you); indeed |
|
| ところで |
ところで |
tokoro de |
by the way |
discourse marker |
| そのかわり |
そのかわり |
sono kawari |
instead; in return |
|
| それほど |
それほど |
sorehodo |
that much; to that extent |
|
| こんなに |
こんなに |
konna ni |
this much; like this |
|
| そんなに |
そんなに |
sonna ni |
that much; like that |
|
| なぜか |
なぜか |
naze ka |
for some reason |
|
| どういうわけか |
どういうわけか |
douiu wake ka |
for some reason |
|
| むしろ |
むしろ |
mushiro |
rather; instead |
|
| かえって |
かえって |
kaette |
on the contrary; instead |
|
| それに |
それに |
sore ni |
moreover; in addition |
|
| それでも |
それでも |
soredemo |
even so; nevertheless |
|
| それでは |
それでは |
sore dewa |
well then; in that case |
|
| ところが |
ところが |
tokoro ga |
however; but |
|
Useful Counters at N4 Level
| Counter |
Reading |
Romaji |
Counts |
Example |
| 〜冊 |
さつ |
satsu |
bound volumes (books) |
本三冊 (san-satsu no hon) |
| 〜枚 |
まい |
mai |
flat objects |
切手5枚 (go-mai no kitte) |
| 〜本 |
ほん |
hon |
long thin objects |
鉛筆2本 (ni-hon no enpitsu) |
| 〜杯 |
はい |
hai |
cups; glasses; bowls |
コーヒー一杯 (ippai no koohii) |
| 〜匹 |
ひき |
hiki |
small animals |
猫3匹 (san-biki no neko) |
| 〜頭 |
とう |
tou |
large animals |
馬2頭 (ni-tou no uma) |
| 〜羽 |
わ |
wa |
birds |
鳥5羽 (go-wa no tori) |
| 〜台 |
だい |
dai |
machines; vehicles |
車1台 (ichi-dai no kuruma) |
| 〜回 |
かい |
kai |
times (occurrences) |
3回 (san-kai) |
| 〜度 |
ど |
do |
degrees; times |
3度 (san-do) |
| 〜番 |
ばん |
ban |
number (in sequence) |
1番 (ichi-ban) |
| 〜階 |
かい |
kai |
floors (building) |
3階 (san-kai) |
| 〜年間 |
ねんかん |
nenkan |
years (duration) |
3年間 (san-nenkan) |
| 〜ヶ月 |
かげつ |
kagetsu |
months (duration) |
6ヶ月 (roku-kagetsu) |
| 〜週間 |
しゅうかん |
shuukan |
weeks (duration) |
2週間 (ni-shuukan) |
| 〜人 |
にん |
nin |
people |
3人 (san-nin) |
| 〜円 |
えん |
en |
yen |
500円 (go-hyaku-en) |
| 〜キロ |
きろ |
kiro |
kilograms; kilometers |
5キロ (go-kiro) |
| 〜センチ |
せんち |
senchi |
centimeters |
170センチ (hyaku-nana-juu-senchi) |
| 〜メートル |
めーとる |
meetoru |
meters |
10メートル (juu-meetoru) |
| 〜キロメートル |
きろめーとる |
kiro meetoru |
kilometers |
5キロメートル |
| 〜パーセント |
ぱーせんと |
paasento |
percent |
50パーセント |
Vocabulary by Exam Category
Frequently Tested N4 Vocabulary on the JLPT
The following words appear most frequently on actual N4 exams:
Must-know abstract nouns: 意味・理由・方法・内容・結果・原因・影響・関係・問題・答え・意見・考え・気持ち・経験・知識・必要・特別・普通・変化・生活・習慣・文化・社会・世界
Must-know verbs: 始める・終わる・覚える・忘れる・調べる・伝える・考える・答える・決める・続ける・増える・減る・壊す・直す・送る・運ぶ・働く・頑張る・困る・驚く
Must-know adjectives: 難しい・正しい・珍しい・恥ずかしい・怖い・便利・不便・簡単・複雑・丁寧・親切・失礼・得意・苦手・真面目・変
Must-know adverbs: だいぶ・かなり・なるべく・できるだけ・ぜひ・きっと・もちろん・たぶん・ちゃんと・きちんと・はっきり・だんだん・どんどん・やはり・とにかく