#vocabulary
喝 (hē) — to drink
喝 (hē) 喝 is the verb for drinking any kind of liquid. It is the counterpart to 吃 (chī, to eat) in everyday conversation about food and beverages. Meanings [verb] To drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶还是喝咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì hē kāfēi? Do you drink tea or coffee? 我每天早上喝一杯水。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang hē yī bēi shuǐ. I drink a glass of water every morning. 天气很热，多喝水。 Tiānqì hěn rè, duō hē shuǐ....
参与 (cānyù) — to participate in; participation
参与 (cānyù) 参与 means to participate in or be involved in an activity, event, or process. It implies active engagement rather than mere observation, and is used in contexts ranging from community activities to professional projects and political processes. Meanings [verb] To participate in; to take part in; to be involved in. [noun] Participation; involvement. Example Sentences 鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论是提高学习效果的好方法。 Gǔlì xuéshēng jījí cānyù kètáng tǎolùn shì tígāo xuéxí xiàoguǒ de hǎo...
谁 (shuí / shéi) — who
谁 (shuí / shéi) The interrogative pronoun meaning "who," used to ask about a person's identity; it can appear in any position where a noun referring to a person would appear. Both pronunciations shuí and shéi are standard and interchangeable. Meanings [pronoun] Who (subject or object in a question). [pronoun] Whoever (in a relative or conditional sense: 谁…谁…). Example Sentences 你是谁？ Nǐ shì shuí? Who are you? 门口站着的那个人是谁？ Ménkǒu zhànzhe...
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity, chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 refers to a favorable moment or circumstance that makes something possible. It is used whenever English would say "opportunity," "chance," or "occasion." Meanings [noun] Opportunity; chance; occasion. Example Sentences 这是一个很好的学习机会。 Zhè shì yīgè hěn hǎo de xuéxí jīhuì. This is a great learning opportunity. 我希望有机会去中国旅游。 Wǒ xīwàng yǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó lǚyóu. I hope to have the chance to travel to China. 不要错过这次机会。 Bùyào cuòguò zhè cì...
往往 (wǎngwǎng) — often; frequently; as a rule
往往 (wǎngwǎng) 往往 means "often" or "as a rule," describing a pattern that has been observed to repeat. Unlike 通常 (which states a neutral norm), 往往 draws on experience to note a tendency — it often carries a subtle explanatory or analytical tone. Meanings [adverb] Often; frequently; as a rule; tend to — describes a recurring tendency or pattern observed from experience. Compare 往往 vs 常常 Word Use 往往 Based...
综述 (zōngshù) — to synthesize; review article
综述 (zōngshù) 综述 means to synthesize or provide a comprehensive review, especially of existing research or developments in a field. As a noun, it refers to a review article or literature review — a scholarly work that surveys and synthesizes the existing body of research on a topic. It is a fundamental term in Chinese academic writing and research methodology. Meanings [v] to synthesize; to provide a comprehensive review of...
律师 (lǜshī) — lawyer
律师 (lǜshī) 律师 is the standard word for a lawyer or attorney -- a professional who provides legal advice and represents clients in legal matters. Meanings [noun] lawyer; attorney Example Sentences 她是一位有名的律师。 Tā shì yī wèi yǒumíng de lǜshī. She is a well-known lawyer. 我需要请一位律师。 Wǒ xūyào qǐng yī wèi lǜshī. I need to hire a lawyer. 律师帮他赢了官司。 Lǜshī bāng tā yíngle guānsī. The lawyer helped him win the lawsuit....
例如 (lìrú) — For example / such as
例如 (lìrú) 例如 is used to introduce one or more examples that illustrate a general statement, equivalent to "for example" or "such as" in English. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] for example, for instance, such as Example Sentences 很多水果对身体有好处，例如苹果、香蕉和橙子。 Hěn duō shuǐguǒ duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochù, lìrú píngguǒ, xiāngjiāo hé chéngzi. Many fruits are good for the body, for example apples, bananas, and oranges. 学好外语有很多方法，例如多听、多说、多练习。 Xuéhǎo wàiyǔ yǒu hěn duō fāngfǎ, lìrú duō...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) 面条 means noodles. 面 means flour or dough and 条 is the measure word for long, thin, strip-shaped items. Together they describe strips of dough: noodles. A beloved and essential Chinese food. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Example Sentences 我中午想吃面条。 Wǒ zhōngwǔ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles at noon. 妈妈做的面条很好吃。 Māma zuò de miàntiáo hěn hǎochī. The noodles mom makes are delicious. 他每天早上都吃面条。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu...
把 (bǎ) — disposal marker
把 (bǎ) 把 is one of the most important grammatical words in Chinese. It moves the object before the verb to emphasize that something is disposed of, affected, or handled in a specific way. Meanings [preposition] Disposal marker: places the object before a verb that indicates a deliberate action with a clear result. [measure word] A handle; a bunch (e.g., 一把刀 yī bǎ dāo — one knife). Example Sentences 请把窗户打开。...
错误 (cuòwù) — mistake / error
错误 (cuòwù) 错误 refers to a mistake, error, or fault — something done incorrectly. As a noun it names the error itself; as an adjective it describes something as wrong or mistaken. It is slightly more formal than 错 alone and is common in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Mistake; error; fault; incorrect action. [adjective] Wrong; incorrect; mistaken. Example Sentences 我犯了一个很严重的错误。 Wǒ fàn le yīgè hěn yánzhòng de cuòwù....
学期 (xuéqī) — school term; semester
学期 (xuéqī) 学期 refers to a term or semester, one of the divisions of the school or academic year. Meanings [noun] school term; semester; academic term Example Sentences 这学期你选了哪些课？ Zhè xuéqī nǐ xuǎn le nǎxiē kè? Which courses did you choose this semester? 下学期我想多参加课外活动。 Xià xuéqī wǒ xiǎng duō cānjia kèwài huódòng. Next semester I want to participate in more extracurricular activities. 这学期我们要学很多新内容。 Zhè xuéqī wǒmen yào xué hěn duō...
周末 (zhōumò) — weekend
周末 (zhōumò) 周末 means weekend, referring to Saturday and Sunday. 周 means week and 末 means end, so 周末 is literally the end of the week. It is used just like "weekend" in English and appears in common expressions about free time and plans. Meanings [noun] Weekend (Saturday and Sunday). Example Sentences 这个周末你有什么计划？ Zhège zhōumò nǐ yǒu shénme jìhuà? What plans do you have this weekend? 我喜欢周末去爬山。 Wǒ xǐhuān zhōumò...
目标 (mùbiāo) — goal; target; objective
目标 (mùbiāo) 目标 refers to a goal, target, or objective that a person or group is working to achieve or reach. Meanings [noun] Goal; target; objective (an aim or destination one works toward). Example Sentences 我的目标是在一年内学会日语。 Wǒ de mùbiāo shì zài yī nián nèi xuéhuì Rìyǔ. My goal is to learn Japanese within one year. 他们定下了今年的销售目标。 Tāmen dìng xià le jīnnián de xiāoshòu mùbiāo. They set the sales target for...
传媒 (chuánméi) — media; mass media
传媒 (chuánméi) 传媒 refers to media organizations and platforms that transmit information to the public, encompassing print, broadcast, and digital media, and is used as both a general term for "the media" and in industry-specific contexts. Meanings [noun] media; mass media (organizations and platforms for mass communication) [noun] the communications or media industry Example Sentences 传媒行业正经历深刻变革，传统报纸和电视台面临来自新媒体的巨大冲击。 Chuánméi hángyè zhèng jīnglì shēnkè biàngé, chuántǒng bàozhǐ hé diànshìtái miànlín láizì xīn méitǐ...
旅行 (lǚxíng) — to travel; trip; journey
旅行 (lǚxíng) 旅行 refers to the act of traveling for leisure or exploration, as well as the journey itself. Meanings [verb] to travel — to journey from one place to another, typically for pleasure or exploration [noun] trip; journey — a journey undertaken for leisure or exploration Example Sentences 我喜欢旅行，尤其是去海边。 Wǒ xǐhuān lǚxíng, yóuqí shì qù hǎibiān. I love to travel, especially to the seaside. 这次旅行让我开阔了眼界。 Zhè cì lǚxíng ràng...
打印 (dǎyìn) — to print
打印 (dǎyìn) 打印 means to print, referring to printing documents or images on a printer. 打 is a versatile verb used in many compounds and here means to strike or operate. 印 means to print or stamp. Together they describe the action of a printer pressing ink onto paper. Meanings [verb] To print (using a printer); to make a printed copy. Example Sentences 请帮我打印这份文件。 Qǐng bāng wǒ dǎyìn zhè fèn...
需求 (xūqiú) — demand; need; requirement
需求 (xūqiú) 需求 refers to a requirement, need, or demand, whether personal, commercial, or economic. Meanings [noun] Demand; need; requirement; want. Example Sentences 市场对高技能人才的需求越来越大。 Shìchǎng duì gāo jìnéng réncái de xūqiú yuè lái yuè dà. The market's demand for highly skilled talent is growing. 这款产品满足了消费者的需求。 Zhè kuǎn chǎnpǐn mǎnzúle xiāofèizhě de xūqiú. This product meets the needs of consumers. 了解客户需求是服务的第一步。 Liǎojiě kèhù xūqiú shì fúwù de dì yī bù. Understanding...
知道 (zhīdào) — to know
知道 (zhīdào) 知道 is one of the most common verbs in Chinese, meaning to know or be aware of a fact, situation, or piece of information. Meanings [verb] to know, to be aware of, to realize Example Sentences 你知道他住在哪里吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā zhù zài nǎlǐ ma? Do you know where he lives? 我不知道这件事。 Wǒ bù zhīdào zhè jiàn shì. I don't know about this matter. 她知道自己做错了。 Tā zhīdào zìjǐ zuò...
再者 (zàizhě) — furthermore, moreover
再者 (zàizhě) 再者 is a formal discourse connector used to introduce an additional supporting point, typically the last or a later item in a series of reasons or arguments. Meanings [conjunction] furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more (used to add a further point) Example Sentences 这个项目耗资巨大，再者工期太长，我们决定放弃。 Zhège xiàngmù hào zī jùdà, zàizhě gōngqī tài cháng, wǒmen juédìng fàngqì. This project requires enormous funds; furthermore, the construction period is too long,...
需求 (xūqiú) — demand; need; requirement
需求 (xūqiú) 需求 refers to a need, demand, or requirement for something, whether in an economic, professional, or personal context, and is one of the most important nouns in Chinese economics and business vocabulary. Meanings [noun] demand (economic); need; requirement Example Sentences 随着收入水平的提高，消费者对高质量产品的需求不断增加。 Suízhe shōurù shuǐpíng de tígāo, xiāofèizhě duì gāo zhìliàng chǎnpǐn de xūqiú bùduàn zēngjiā. As income levels rise, consumer demand for high-quality products continues to grow. 市场需求的变化迫使企业不断调整产品策略。...
粗略 (cūlüè) — rough, approximate
粗略 (cūlüè) 粗略 describes something done or given in a rough, approximate, or cursory manner, without attention to detail or precision. Meanings [adjective] rough, approximate, cursory, not thorough Example Sentences 我只是粗略地看了一下这份报告。 Wǒ zhǐshì cūlüè de kàn le yīxià zhè fèn bàogào. I only skimmed through this report roughly. 他做了一个粗略的估计，认为需要三天完成。 Tā zuò le yīgè cūlüè de gūjì, rènwéi xūyào sān tiān wánchéng. He made a rough estimate that it would take...
导游 (dǎoyóu) — tour guide
导游 (dǎoyóu) 导游 means tour guide. It refers to a person whose job is to lead tourists and explain sites of interest. It can also function as a verb meaning to guide tourists, though the noun use is far more common at this level. Meanings [noun] Tour guide; a person who leads and informs tourists. Example Sentences 我们的导游说话很有趣。 Wǒmen de dǎoyóu shuōhuà hěn yǒuqù. Our tour guide is very interesting...
饮食 (yǐnshí) — diet, eating habits
饮食 (yǐnshí) 饮食 refers to a person's overall eating and drinking habits or dietary patterns. It is broader than a single meal and is commonly used in health and lifestyle discussions. Meanings [noun] diet; eating habits; food and drink as a general lifestyle concept Example Sentences 健康的饮食习惯对预防疾病很重要。 Jiànkāng de yǐnshí xíguàn duì yùfáng jíbìng hěn zhòngyào. Healthy eating habits are very important for preventing disease. 他的饮食很不规律，经常不吃早饭。 Tā de yǐnshí hěn...
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) — how are you?
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) 你好吗 is a greeting phrase meaning "how are you?" or literally "are you well?" It is the standard question for asking about someone's current wellbeing. Meanings [phrase] How are you? Are you well? (Asking about someone's health or general state.) Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！你呢？ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! Nǐ ne? A: How are you? B: I am doing well,...
公园 (gōngyuán) — park / public garden
公园 (gōngyuán) A public outdoor area, often with green spaces, paths, and seating, where people go to exercise, relax, or enjoy nature. Meanings [noun] Park, public garden, recreational outdoor space. Example Sentences 我们周末去公园散步吧。 Wǒmen zhōumò qù gōngyuán sànbù ba. Let's go for a walk in the park this weekend. 这个公园里有很多花和树。 Zhège gōngyuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō huā hé shù. This park has many flowers and trees. 老人们每天早上在公园锻炼。 Lǎorénmen měitiān zǎoshang...
习惯 (xíguàn) — habit; to be used to
习惯 (xíguàn) 习惯 can function as a noun meaning "habit" or as a verb meaning "to be used to / accustomed to" something. Meanings [noun] habit; custom; routine [verb] to be used to; to be accustomed to Example Sentences 他有每天早起的习惯。 Tā yǒu měitiān zǎo qǐ de xíguàn. He has the habit of getting up early every day. 我已经习惯了在这里生活。 Wǒ yǐjīng xíguàn le zài zhèlǐ shēnghuó. I am already used to...
竞争对手 (jìngzhēng duìshǒu) — competitor; rival
竞争对手 (jìngzhēng duìshǒu) 竞争对手 means a competitor or rival, referring to an individual or organization that competes against you in the same field. Meanings [noun] competitor; rival; an entity that competes with you for the same goal or market Example Sentences 我们要了解竞争对手的优势和弱点。 Wǒmen yào liǎojiě jìngzhēng duìshǒu de yōushì hé ruòdiǎn. We need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of our competitors. 这两家公司是直接竞争对手。 Zhè liǎng jiā gōngsī shì zhíjiē jìngzhēng...
苦 (kǔ) — bitter
苦 (kǔ) 苦 describes a bitter taste, as found in certain vegetables, medicines, or coffee. It is also widely used figuratively to mean hardship, suffering, or a difficult life. Meanings adjective bitter (having an unpleasant sharp taste; also difficult, painful, or hard in figurative use) Example Sentences 这种草药很苦，但对身体有益。 Zhè zhǒng cǎoyào hěn kǔ, dàn duì shēntǐ yǒuyì. This herbal medicine is very bitter, but it is good for your health....
迟到 (chídào) — to be late; to arrive late
迟到 (chídào) 迟到 is a verb-object compound: 迟 (chí) means "late/slow" and 到 (dào) means "to arrive." Together they express arriving or showing up after the expected time. Because it is a verb-object compound, time expressions and 了 attach after the whole word. Meanings [verb] To be late; to arrive late. Used for being late to a scheduled event, class, meeting, or appointment. Example Sentences 对不起，我迟到了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le....
巩固 (gǒnggù) — to consolidate; to strengthen
巩固 (gǒnggù) To consolidate or strengthen means to make something more solid, stable, and secure, preventing it from weakening or being lost. Meanings [verb] to consolidate; to strengthen; to reinforce; to solidify; to make secure Example Sentences 学生需要通过反复练习来巩固所学的知识。 Xuéshēng xūyào tōngguò fǎnfù liànxí lái gǒnggù suǒ xué de zhīshi. Students need to consolidate what they have learned through repeated practice. 这次改革旨在巩固市场经济体制。 Zhè cì gǎigé zhǐ zài gǒnggù shìchǎng jīngjì tǐzhì....
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 means convenient or to be convenient. It describes something that is easy, practical, and saves time or effort. It can also function as a verb meaning to make things convenient or to accommodate. In colloquial Chinese it can also be a polite way to say "to use the toilet." Meanings [adjective] Convenient; easy to use or access; practical. [verb] To be convenient (for someone); to be suitable....
网站 (wǎngzhàn) — website; web page
网站 (wǎngzhàn) 网站 means "website" and refers to a collection of web pages accessible on the internet under a single domain. Meanings [noun] website; web site; online platform Example Sentences 这个网站提供很多免费资料。 Zhège wǎngzhàn tígōng hěn duō miǎnfèi zīliào. This website provides a lot of free materials. 我们公司有一个官方网站。 Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu yīgè guānfāng wǎngzhàn. Our company has an official website. 你可以在这个网站上学习中文。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhège wǎngzhàn shàng xuéxí Zhōngwén. You can...
批判 (pīpàn) — to criticize; to critique; criticism
批判 (pīpàn) 批判 means to critically examine and point out the faults, errors, or shortcomings of something or someone, often in a systematic and principled way; it can also refer to a formal critique or criticism in an academic or ideological context. Meanings [verb] to criticize; to critique; to condemn (especially in a systematic or principled way) [noun] criticism; critique; critical analysis Example Sentences 学术界对这篇论文的研究方法提出了严厉的批判，认为其数据采集存在明显缺陷。 Xuéshù jiè duì zhè piān...
展现 (zhǎnxiàn) — to display; to unfold
展现 (zhǎnxiàn) 展现 means to present or display something before others, especially in a way that allows its full scope or beauty to be seen, and is widely used in descriptive, artistic, and formal contexts. Meanings [verb] to display; to present; to bring into full view [verb] to unfold; to reveal gradually (a scene, quality, or situation) Example Sentences 这部纪录片展现了西藏的壮丽自然风光。 Zhè bù jìlùpiàn zhǎnxiànle Xīzàng de zhuànglì zìrán fēngguāng. This...
药 (yào) — medicine
药 (yào) 药 means medicine or medication. It refers to any substance taken to treat illness or pain, including both Western pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese remedies. Meanings [noun] Medicine; medication; drug; remedy. Example Sentences 医生给我开了一些药。 Yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le yīxiē yào. The doctor prescribed some medicine for me. 你吃药了吗？ Nǐ chī yào le ma? Did you take your medicine? 这种药要饭后服用。 Zhè zhǒng yào yào fàn hòu fúyòng. This medicine...
自己 (zìjǐ) — oneself; self
自己 (zìjǐ) 自己 is a reflexive pronoun meaning "oneself," used to refer back to the subject of the sentence. Meanings [pron] oneself; self; by oneself; one's own Example Sentences 你要相信自己，你一定能做到。 Nǐ yào xiāngxìn zìjǐ, nǐ yīdìng néng zuò dào. You must believe in yourself; you can definitely do it. 这件事你要自己决定，不要依赖别人。 Zhè jiàn shì nǐ yào zìjǐ juédìng, bùyào yīlài biérén. You should decide this matter yourself and not rely on...
奇怪 (qíguài) — strange
奇怪 (qíguài) 奇怪 describes something that is strange, odd, or unexpected — outside of normal behavior, appearance, or events. It can also express puzzlement at something unusual. Meanings [adjective] Strange; odd; weird; unusual. Example Sentences 这件事很奇怪，我想不明白。 Zhè jiàn shì hěn qíguài, wǒ xiǎng bu míngbái. This thing is very strange; I can't figure it out. 他今天的行为很奇怪。 Tā jīntiān de xíngwéi hěn qíguài. His behavior today is very strange. 奇怪，钥匙怎么不见了？ Qíguài,...
承担 (chéngdān) — to bear; to undertake; to shoulder
承担 (chéngdān) 承担 means to bear, undertake, or shoulder a responsibility, cost, or burden, implying a willing or necessary acceptance of something significant. Meanings [verb] to bear; to undertake; to shoulder; to take on (responsibility) Example Sentences 他愿意承担这个项目的全部责任。 Tā yuànyì chéngdān zhège xiàngmù de quánbù zérèn. He is willing to take full responsibility for this project. 父母为孩子承担了很多压力。 Fùmǔ wèi háizi chéngdānle hěn duō yālì. Parents bear a lot of pressure...
启发 (qǐfā) — to inspire; inspiration
启发 (qǐfā) 启发 means to inspire, enlighten, or stimulate someone's thinking, and as a noun it refers to the inspiration or insight gained, often used in educational and intellectual contexts. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to enlighten; to stimulate thinking [noun] inspiration; enlightenment; insight Example Sentences 老师的一番话深深启发了他。 Lǎoshī de yī fān huà shēnshēn qǐfā le tā. The teacher's words deeply inspired him. 这本书给了我很大的启发。 Zhè běn shū gěi le wǒ hěn dà...
参加 (cānjiā) — to participate
参加 (cānjiā) 参加 means to take part in an organized activity, event, or group. It is used for competitions, meetings, classes, clubs, and social events. Meanings [verb] To participate in; to take part in; to attend. [verb] To join (an organization or group). Example Sentences 他参加了这次比赛。 Tā cānjiā le zhècì bǐsài. He participated in this competition. 你会参加明天的会议吗？ Nǐ huì cānjiā míngtiān de huìyì ma? Will you attend tomorrow's meeting? 她参加了学校的合唱团。...
国家 (guójiā) — country, nation
国家 (guójiā) 国家 means country or nation. 国 means "country/state" and 家 means "home/family," together conveying the idea of a nation as a collective home. Meanings [noun] Country, nation, state. Example Sentences 你的国家在哪里？ Nǐ de guójiā zài nǎlǐ? Where is your country? 中国是一个大国家。 Zhōngguó shì yīgè dà guójiā. China is a large country. 每个国家都有自己的文化。 Měigè guójiā dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà. Every country has its own culture. 他来自一个很小的国家。 Tā láizì...
换 (huàn) — to exchange
换 (huàn) 换 means to swap, exchange, or replace. It involves a transaction or substitution where one thing takes the place of another — changing money, clothes, seats, or even jobs. Meanings [verb] To change; to exchange; to replace; to swap. Example Sentences 我想换一件衣服。 Wǒ xiǎng huàn yī jiàn yīfu. I want to change my clothes. 能帮我换一下座位吗？ Néng bāng wǒ huàn yīxià zuòwèi ma? Can you help me switch seats?...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing; stuff
东西 (dōngxi) 东西 literally combines East (东) and West (西) but in everyday Mandarin it simply means "thing" or "stuff." It is the go-to word for any physical object when you do not know or need to specify its exact name. Note the neutral tone on 西 in this compound: dōngxi, not dōngxī. Meanings [noun] Thing; stuff; object. Refers to any concrete item or possession. Example Sentences 你买了什么东西？ Nǐ mǎi...
帮忙 (bāng máng) — to help
帮忙 (bāng máng) 帮忙 means to help or to lend a hand. It is a verb-object compound where 帮 means to assist and 忙 means busyness or affairs. Because it is a verb-object compound, the object of the help can be inserted between the two characters: 帮他忙 (help him), not 帮忙他. Meanings [verb] To help; to give a hand; to assist with tasks. Example Sentences 你能帮我忙吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ...
即便 (jíbiàn) — even if
即便 (jíbiàn) 即便 is a conjunction used to introduce a hypothetical or concessive condition, meaning "even if" or "even though," often paired with 也 in the result clause. Meanings [conjunction] even if; even though (introduces a concession) Example Sentences 即便下雨，比赛也会照常进行。 Jíbiàn xià yǔ, bǐsài yě huì zhàocháng jìnxíng. Even if it rains, the match will proceed as scheduled. 即便你不同意，这个决定已经做出了。 Jíbiàn nǐ bù tóngyì, zhège juédìng yǐjīng zuòchū le. Even if...
词典 (cídiǎn) — dictionary
词典 (cídiǎn) 词典 is the standard word for a dictionary, particularly one organized around words and their definitions. It differs slightly from 字典 (zìdiǎn), which focuses on individual characters. In everyday speech 词典 and 字典 are often used interchangeably. Meanings [noun] Dictionary; lexicon (a reference book of words and meanings). Example Sentences 我不认识这个词，去查一下词典。 Wǒ bù rènshi zhège cí, qù chá yīxià cídiǎn. I don't know this word; let me look...
创造力 (chuàngzào lì) — creativity, creative power
创造力 (chuàngzào lì) 创造力 refers to the innate or cultivated ability to generate original ideas, solutions, or works -- the capacity to create something genuinely new and valuable. Meanings [noun] creativity, creative ability, creative power Example Sentences 孩子天生具有丰富的创造力，教育应该保护和激发这种能力。 Háizi tiānshēng jùyǒu fēngfù de chuàngzào lì, jiàoyù yīnggāi bǎohù hé jīfā zhè zhǒng nénglì. Children are born with rich creativity, and education should protect and stimulate this ability. 艺术家的创造力往往来源于对生活的深刻观察和感悟。 Yìshùjiā de...
出版 (chūbǎn) — to publish; to issue
出版 (chūbǎn) 出版 specifically refers to the publication of books, journals, and other printed or formally produced media, and is the standard term in the Chinese publishing industry. Meanings [verb] to publish (a book, journal, or other printed work) [noun] publication; publishing (as an industry or act) Example Sentences 这本小说自出版以来已售出超过百万册。 Zhè běn xiǎoshuō zì chūbǎn yǐlái yǐ shòuchū chāoguò bǎi wàn cè. Since its publication, this novel has sold more...
开 (kāi) — to open / to turn on
开 (kāi) A versatile verb meaning "to open," "to turn on" (a device or light), and "to drive" (a vehicle). It covers the general idea of activating or opening something. Its antonym is 关 (guān), meaning "to close" or "to turn off." Meanings [verb] To open (a door, window, a book). [verb] To turn on (a light, TV, appliance). [verb] To drive (a car, vehicle). Example Sentences 请开门。 Qǐng kāi...
困难 (kùnnan) — difficulty / difficult
困难 (kùnnan) 困难 means difficulty or difficult. As a noun it refers to a hardship, obstacle, or problem. As an adjective it describes something as hard or challenging. Note the pronunciation: the second syllable is neutral tone (kùnnan), not kùnnán. Meanings [noun] Difficulty; hardship; obstacle; problem. [adjective] Difficult; hard; challenging. Example Sentences 学中文有困难吗？ Xué Zhōngwén yǒu kùnnan ma? Are there any difficulties in learning Chinese? 遇到困难不要放弃。 Yùdào kùnnan bú yào...
丰富 (fēngfù) — rich; abundant; to enrich
丰富 (fēngfù) 丰富 describes something that is plentiful, varied, and full of substance, and can also be used as a verb meaning to enrich or expand. Meanings [adjective] Rich, abundant, plentiful, varied (in content or resources). [verb] To enrich, to make richer or more varied. Example Sentences 这座城市有着丰富的历史文化遗产，吸引了大量国内外游客。 Zhè zuò chéngshì yǒuzhe fēngfù de lìshǐ wénhuà yíchǎn, xīyǐn le dàliàng guónèi wài yóukè. This city has rich historical and cultural...
问 (wèn) — to ask
问 (wèn) A verb meaning "to ask" or "to inquire." It is used when seeking information or posing a question. Its counterpart is 回答 (huídá), meaning "to answer." Together 问 and 回答 form the basic question-answer pair in conversation. Meanings [verb] To ask, to inquire, to question. Example Sentences 我想问你一个问题。 Wǒ xiǎng wèn nǐ yīgè wèntí. I want to ask you a question. 请问，这里有厕所吗？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu cèsuǒ ma? Excuse...
和 (hé) — and; with
和 (hé) 和 is a conjunction meaning "and" or "with." It links nouns, pronouns, and noun phrases together. Meanings [conjunction] And (connecting two nouns or noun phrases). [preposition] With; together with (indicating accompaniment or relationship). Example Sentences 我和你一起去。 Wǒ hé nǐ yīqǐ qù. I will go together with you. 桌子上有书和笔。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu shū hé bǐ. There are books and pens on the table. 他和我是朋友。 Tā hé wǒ shì péngyou....
评价 (píngjià) — to evaluate; evaluation
评价 (píngjià) 评价 means to assess or judge the value, quality, or significance of something, and is widely used in academic, critical, and professional discourse. Meanings [verb] to evaluate; to assess; to appraise [noun] evaluation; assessment; judgment Example Sentences 这部电影获得了观众的高度评价。 Zhè bù diànyǐng huòdéle guānzhòng de gāodù píngjià. This film received high praise from audiences. 我们应该客观地评价历史人物。 Wǒmen yīnggāi kèguān de píngjià lìshǐ rénwù. We should evaluate historical figures objectively. 老师对他的作文给出了详细的评价。...
面对 (miànduì) — to face / to confront
面对 (miànduì) 面对 means to face or confront a situation, challenge, or person directly. Meanings [verb] to face; to confront; to deal with; to be faced with Example Sentences 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。 Wǒmen bìxū yǒnggǎn de miànduì kùnnán. We must bravely face difficulties. 面对失败，她没有放弃。 Miànduì shībài, tā méiyǒu fàngqì. Faced with failure, she did not give up. 他不敢面对现实。 Tā bù gǎn miànduì xiànshí. He does not dare to face reality. 我们要积极面对生活中的挑战。 Wǒmen...
苦恼 (kǔnǎo) — troubled; distressed
苦恼 (kǔnǎo) 苦恼 describes the feeling of being troubled, worried, or emotionally distressed, especially by problems that are difficult to resolve. It implies a combination of suffering and frustration that lingers. Meanings [adjective] troubled; distressed; tormented; vexed [verb] to trouble; to torment; to cause distress Example Sentences 他为找不到合适的工作而感到十分苦恼，情绪一直很低落。 Tā wèi zhǎo bùdào héshì de gōngzuò ér gǎndào shífēn kǔnǎo, qíngxù yīzhí hěn dīluò. He was deeply troubled by his inability...
其他 (qítā) — other / the rest / else
其他 (qítā) Used to refer to things or people that are in addition to or different from what has already been mentioned. Meanings [pronoun/adjective] Other, the rest, else (referring to remaining items or people). Example Sentences 除了汉语，她还会说其他几种语言。 Chúle hànyǔ, tā hái huì shuō qítā jǐ zhǒng yǔyán. Besides Chinese, she can also speak several other languages. 其他问题我们下次再讨论。 Qítā wèntí wǒmen xià cì zài tǎolùn. We will discuss the other issues...
关系 (guānxi) — relationship; connection; to matter
关系 (guānxi) 关系 can mean a relationship or connection between people or things as a noun, and as a verb it means "to matter" or "to be related to." Meanings [noun] Relationship; connection; tie (between people, organizations, or concepts). [verb] To matter; to be relevant; to affect. Example Sentences 他们两个人的关系非常好。 Tāmen liǎng gè rén de guānxi fēicháng hǎo. The relationship between the two of them is very good. 这件事和我没有关系。 Zhè...
特殊 (tèshū) — Special, exceptional, extraordinary
特殊 (tèshū) 特殊 describes something that is different from the norm, exceptional, or requiring special consideration -- it often implies that something stands apart due to unusual circumstances or inherent qualities. Meanings [adj] special; exceptional; extraordinary; unusual; having unique properties Example Sentences 这种材料具有特殊的耐热性能，被广泛用于航空工业。 Zhè zhǒng cáiliào jùyǒu tèshū de nài rè xìngnéng, bèi guǎngfàn yòng yú hángkōng gōngyè. This material has special heat-resistant properties and is widely used in the...
问责制 (wènzézhì) — accountability system
问责制 (wènzézhì) 问责制 refers to a formal institutional system or mechanism that requires officials, organisations, or leaders to answer for their conduct and face consequences for failures or misconduct, and is a core governance and public administration term. Meanings [noun] accountability system; accountability framework; system of accountability Example Sentences 完善问责制是改善政府治理质量的核心措施之一。 Wánshàn wènzézhì shì gǎishàn zhèngfǔ zhìlǐ zhìliàng de héxīn cuòshī zhī yī. Improving the accountability system is one of the...
期间 (qījiān) — period; duration; during
期间 (qījiān) 期间 refers to a span of time or a period during which something takes place, often used after a noun to indicate "during X." Meanings [noun] period; duration; the time during which something happens Example Sentences 假期期间，很多人选择去旅游。 Jiàqī qījiān, hěn duō rén xuǎnzé qù lǚyóu. During the holiday period, many people choose to travel. 活动期间请保持安静。 Huódòng qījiān qǐng bǎochí ānjìng. Please keep quiet during the event. 工作期间不能使用手机。 Gōngzuò...
倒 (dào) — on the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly
倒 (dào) 倒 (in the neutral or falling tone, dào, distinct from 倒 dǎo "to fall/pour") is a concessive or contrastive adverb. It signals that what actually happens is the reverse of, or contrary to, what was expected. It can carry a tone of mild surprise, irony, or gentle pushback. Meanings [adverb] On the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly — contrasts reality with expectation, often with a slight air of irony...
甜 (tián) — sweet
甜 (tián) 甜 describes a sweet taste, like that of sugar, honey, or ripe fruit. It is also used figuratively to describe pleasant or happy feelings, such as a "sweet smile" or "sweet words." Meanings adjective sweet (having a pleasant sugary taste; also pleasant or happy in a figurative sense) Example Sentences 这个西瓜很甜。 Zhège xīguā hěn tián. This watermelon is very sweet. 她笑得很甜。 Tā xiào de hěn tián. She has...
流行 (liúxíng) — popular; fashionable; in vogue
流行 (liúxíng) 流行 describes something that is widely spread among people, whether a trend, style, or disease. Meanings [adj/verb] popular; fashionable; in vogue; to spread widely Example Sentences 这首歌现在非常流行。 Zhè shǒu gē xiànzài fēicháng liúxíng. This song is very popular right now. 短视频在年轻人中越来越流行。 Duǎn shìpín zài niánqīngrén zhōng yuèláiyuè liúxíng. Short videos are becoming more and more popular among young people. 这种颜色今年很流行。 Zhè zhǒng yánsè jīnnián hěn liúxíng. This color...
才 (cái) — only then; not until; just barely
才 (cái) 才 is a restrictive adverb with several closely related uses: it can mark that something happens later than expected ("not until"), stress a small or barely sufficient amount ("only/just"), or imply that a condition must first be met before a result follows. It always precedes the verb. Meanings [adverb] Only then; not until — the action happens later or with more difficulty than expected. [adverb] Just; only; merely...
合适 (héshì) — suitable; appropriate; fitting
合适 (héshì) 合适 means suitable, appropriate, or fitting, describing something that is the right match for a given situation, purpose, or person. Meanings [adjective] suitable, appropriate, fitting, or just right for a particular situation Example Sentences 这件衣服的颜色很合适，非常适合你。 Zhè jiàn yīfú de yánsè hěn héshì, fēicháng shìhé nǐ. The color of this outfit is very suitable; it suits you perfectly. 这个价格很合适，我就买这个吧。 Zhège jiàgé hěn héshì, wǒ jiù mǎi zhège ba. This...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree, to consent
同意 (tóngyì) Means to agree with an opinion, or to consent to a request or plan. It can be used with a person (agree with someone) or with a proposal (agree to something). Meanings [verb] To agree, to consent, to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 他不同意这个计划。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège jìhuà. He does not agree with this plan. 你同意还是不同意？ Nǐ tóngyì...
关于 (guānyú) — about
关于 (guānyú) 关于 means about or concerning — it introduces the topic that a statement, book, discussion, or question is focused on. It often appears at the start of a sentence. Meanings [preposition] About; concerning; regarding; on the subject of. Example Sentences 我有一个关于这件事的问题。 Wǒ yǒu yīgè guānyú zhè jiàn shì de wèntí. I have a question about this matter. 这本书是关于中国历史的。 Zhè běn shū shì guānyú Zhōngguó lìshǐ de. This book...
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) — mental health
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) 心理健康 refers to a person's psychological and emotional well-being, encompassing the ability to manage stress, maintain positive relationships, and function effectively in daily life. Meanings [noun phrase] mental health; psychological well-being; emotional health Example Sentences 关注心理健康和身体健康同样重要，两者共同构成一个人的整体健康状态。 Guānzhù xīnlǐ jiànkāng hé shēntǐ jiànkāng tóngyàng zhòngyào, liǎng zhě gòngtóng gòuchéng yī gè rén de zhěngtǐ jiànkāng zhuàngtài. Paying attention to mental health is just as important as physical health;...
科学 (kēxué) — scientific; systematic
科学 (kēxué) 科学 means science as a noun, or scientific and systematic as an adjective, describing knowledge or methods based on evidence and reason. Meanings [noun] science; a systematic body of knowledge based on observation and experiment [adjective] scientific; systematic; evidence-based Example Sentences 科学技术是第一生产力。 Kēxué jìshù shì dì yī shēngchǎnlì. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. 我们应该用科学的方法解决问题。 Wǒmen yīnggāi yòng kēxué de fāngfǎ jiějué wèntí. We should use...
感冒 (gǎnmào) — to have a cold
感冒 (gǎnmào) 感冒 means to have a cold or the common cold. It is used as both a verb (to catch a cold) and a noun (a cold). It is one of the most common health-related words in everyday Chinese and often appears alongside 发烧 (to have a fever) and 头疼 (headache). Meanings [verb] To have a cold; to catch a cold. [noun] A cold; the common cold. Example Sentences...
感激 (gǎnjī) — to be grateful
感激 (gǎnjī) 感激 expresses a deep sense of gratitude, stronger and more formal than simply saying thank you. Meanings [verb] to be grateful; to feel gratitude; to appreciate deeply Example Sentences 我非常感激您对我的帮助。 Wǒ fēicháng gǎnjī nín duì wǒ de bāngzhù. I am deeply grateful for your help. 她感激地看着老师，说不出话来。 Tā gǎnjī de kànzhe lǎoshī, shuō bù chū huà lái. She looked at the teacher with gratitude, unable to say a word....
蔬菜 (shūcài) — vegetable
蔬菜 (shūcài) 蔬菜 is the general word for vegetables — all kinds of edible plants that are typically served as part of a meal alongside grains and protein. It is an essential word for talking about food and health. Meanings noun vegetable (an edible plant or part of a plant used as food) Example Sentences 医生建议我多吃蔬菜和水果。 Yīshēng jiànyì wǒ duō chī shūcài hé shuǐguǒ. The doctor recommended that I eat...
信息 (xìnxī) — information; data; news
信息 (xìnxī) 信息 refers to information, data, or news that is communicated, stored, or processed. Meanings [noun] Information; data; news; message. Example Sentences 互联网让我们获取信息更加方便。 Hùliánwǎng ràng wǒmen huòqǔ xìnxī gèngjiā fāngbiàn. The internet makes it more convenient for us to access information. 请确保提供的信息准确无误。 Qǐng quèbǎo tígōng de xìnxī zhǔnquè wúwù. Please ensure the information provided is accurate and error-free. 我还没有收到关于面试的信息。 Wǒ hái méiyǒu shōudào guānyú miànshì de xìnxī. I have...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible; maybe; likely
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility or probability, functioning as an adjective (possible), adverb (maybe, possibly), or noun (possibility). Meanings [adjective] possible, likely, or probable [adverb] maybe, possibly, or perhaps [noun] possibility or chance Example Sentences 明天可能会下雨，你最好带伞。 Míngtiān kěnéng huì xià yǔ, nǐ zuì hǎo dài sǎn. It might rain tomorrow; you had better bring an umbrella. 这件事很有可能是真的。 Zhè jiàn shì hěn yǒu kěnéng shì zhēn de. This matter is very...
精确 (jīngquè) — precise, accurate
精确 (jīngquè) 精确 means precise or accurate, describing information, measurements, or actions that are exact and free from error. Meanings [adjective] precise, accurate, exact Example Sentences 这台仪器的测量非常精确。 Zhè tái yíqì de cèliáng fēicháng jīngquè. The measurement of this instrument is very precise. 科学研究需要精确的数据。 Kēxué yánjiū xūyào jīngquè de shùjù. Scientific research requires accurate data. 他的翻译非常精确，没有任何错误。 Tā de fānyì fēicháng jīngquè, méiyǒu rènhé cuòwù. His translation is very accurate, without any...
精确 (jīngquè) — precise; accurate
精确 (jīngquè) 精确 describes measurements, data, language, or actions that are exact and free of error. It conveys a higher degree of accuracy than simply 准确 and is common in scientific, technical, and analytical contexts. Meanings [adjective] precise; exact; accurate; pinpoint Example Sentences 科学实验要求数据记录必须精确，不能有丝毫误差。 Kēxué shíyàn yāoqiú shùjù jìlù bìxū jīngquè, bù néng yǒu sīháo wùchā. Scientific experiments require that data records be precise, with not the slightest margin of...
冷静 (lěngjìng) — Calm / cool-headed
冷静 (lěngjìng) 冷静 describes a state of being calm, composed, and rational — especially when under pressure or in a difficult situation. Meanings [adjective] calm, cool-headed, composed, level-headed Example Sentences 遇到紧急情况时，一定要保持冷静。 Yùdào jǐnjí qíngkuàng shí, yīdìng yào bǎochí lěngjìng. When you encounter an emergency, you must stay calm. 他在压力下依然很冷静，处理问题很有条理。 Tā zài yālì xià yīrán hěn lěngjìng, chǔlǐ wèntí hěn yǒu tiáolǐ. He remained very calm under pressure and handled problems...
秩序 (zhìxù) — order
秩序 (zhìxù) 秩序 refers to order — the organized, regulated, and stable state of affairs in society, institutions, or nature. It can describe social order, world order, legal order, or the order of a meeting. It contrasts with chaos (混乱) and is a central concept in political philosophy, governance, and social theory. Meanings [n] order (a stable, organized state of society or affairs) [n] order, procedure (the proper arrangement or...
质量 (zhìliàng) — quality
质量 (zhìliàng) 质量 refers to the quality or standard of a product, service, or work, and in physics also means mass. Meanings [noun] quality; standard; level of excellence [noun] mass (in physics) Example Sentences 这家工厂生产的产品质量很高。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shēngchǎn de chǎnpǐn zhìliàng hěn gāo. The products made by this factory are of very high quality. 我们要提高工作质量，而不仅仅是速度。 Wǒmen yào tígāo gōngzuò zhìliàng, ér bù jǐnjǐn shì sùdù. We need to improve...
评论 (pínglùn) — to comment on; commentary; review
评论 (pínglùn) 评论 means to give an opinion or analysis about something, and as a noun refers to a comment, review, or piece of commentary. Meanings [verb] To comment on, to review, to discuss, to analyze. [noun] A comment, commentary, review, critique. Example Sentences 她在博客上发表了一篇评论这部小说叙事结构的深度文章。 Tā zài bókè shàng fābiǎo le yī piān pínglùn zhè bù xiǎoshuō xùshì jiégòu de shēndù wénzhāng. She published an in-depth article on her blog...
骄傲 (jiāoào) — proud / arrogant
骄傲 (jiāoào) 骄傲 carries two contrasting meanings depending on context. Used with 为 (on behalf of someone), it expresses the positive feeling of being proud of another person's achievement. Used without that structure, it most often describes a person as arrogant or conceited. Tone and context determine which sense is intended. Meanings [adjective] Proud (positive) — feeling pride in someone or something. [adjective] Arrogant; conceited; self-important (negative) — thinking too...
热情 (rèqíng) — enthusiasm, warmth
热情 (rèqíng) 热情 describes a warm, enthusiastic attitude toward people or activities, and is one of the highest compliments you can give someone's personality in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] enthusiastic, warm, passionate [noun] enthusiasm, warmth, passion Example Sentences 她对工作非常热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò fēicháng rèqíng. She is very enthusiastic about her work. 他热情地欢迎了每一位客人。 Tā rèqíng de huānyíng le měi yī wèi kèrén. He warmly welcomed every guest. 老师的热情影响了全班同学。 Lǎoshī de rèqíng yǐngxiǎng...
建立 (jiànlì) — to establish; to build; to set up
建立 (jiànlì) 建立 means to create or found something that did not previously exist, such as a system, relationship, or organization. Meanings [verb] to establish; to build; to set up; to found; to create Example Sentences 两国之间建立了良好的外交关系。 Liǎng guó zhījiān jiànlì le liánghǎo de wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries established good diplomatic relations. 他努力建立自己的事业。 Tā nǔlì jiànlì zìjǐ de shìyè. He worked hard to build his own career. 我们应该建立一个诚实的沟通方式。 Wǒmen...
外在 (wàizài) — external; outward
外在 (wàizài) 外在 means external or outward, describing qualities, factors, or appearances that belong to the outside as opposed to the inner or intrinsic nature of something. Meanings [adjective] external; outward; superficial; extrinsic (contrasted with inner/intrinsic) Example Sentences 外在的美貌不如内在的品质重要。 Wàizài de měimào bùrú nèizài de pǐnzhì zhòngyào. External beauty is not as important as inner qualities. 成功不仅仅取决于外在条件，更取决于个人的努力。 Chénggōng bù jǐnjǐn qǔjué yú wàizài tiáojiàn, gèng qǔjué yú gèrén de nǔlì....
评论 (pínglùn) — to comment; commentary
评论 (pínglùn) 评论 encompasses the act of commenting, critiquing, or reviewing something, as well as the resulting commentary itself, spanning from social media comments to professional critical analysis. Meanings [verb] to comment on; to critique; to review [noun] commentary; comment; review; critique Example Sentences 这篇影评引发了网友的热烈评论。 Zhè piān yǐngpíng yǐnfā le wǎngyǒu de rèliè pínglùn. This film review sparked lively comments from internet users. 他对这本书做了一篇深刻的评论。 Tā duì zhè běn shū zuò...
按时 (ànshí) — on time; punctually
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, describing the act of doing something at the scheduled, agreed-upon, or required time without being late. Meanings [adverb] on time; punctually; at the appointed time Example Sentences 请按时提交作业，不要迟交。 Qǐng ànshí tíjiāo zuòyè, bùyào chí jiāo. Please submit your homework on time; do not hand it in late. 他每天按时去上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān ànshí qù shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He goes to work on time...
而且 (érqiě) — moreover
而且 (érqiě) 而且 adds a further point to what was just said, often strengthening or extending the previous statement. It is commonly paired with 不但 (búdàn — not only) to form the "not only... but also..." pattern. Meanings [conjunction] Moreover; furthermore; in addition; and also; what's more. Example Sentences 他聪明，而且很努力。 Tā cōngming, érqiě hěn nǔlì. He is smart and also very hardworking. 这本书不但好看，而且有用。 Zhè běn shū búdàn hǎokàn, érqiě yǒuyòng....
现象 (xiànxiàng) — phenomenon; appearance
现象 (xiànxiàng) 现象 refers to something observable that occurs in the world, especially an event or trend that is noteworthy or in need of explanation. Meanings [noun] Phenomenon; occurrence; appearance; observable fact. Example Sentences 这种社会现象值得我们深思。 Zhè zhǒng shèhuì xiànxiàng zhídé wǒmen shēnsī. This social phenomenon deserves our deep reflection. 打雷闪电是一种自然现象。 Dǎléi shǎndiàn shì yī zhǒng zìrán xiànxiàng. Thunder and lightning are a natural phenomenon. 科学家研究了这种奇怪的现象。 Kēxuéjiā yánjiūle zhè zhǒng qíguài...
爬 (pá) — to climb
爬 (pá) 爬 means to climb or to crawl. It describes the action of moving upward using hands and feet, or moving on all fours along a surface. Meanings [verb] To climb; to scale (a mountain, wall, tree). [verb] To crawl; to move on hands and knees. Example Sentences 他们爬到了山顶。 Tāmen pá dào le shāndǐng. They climbed to the top of the mountain. 小孩子在地上爬来爬去。 Xiǎo háizi zài dìshang pá lái...
现象 (xiànxiàng) — phenomenon, occurrence
现象 (xiànxiàng) 现象 refers to an observable phenomenon, event, or occurrence, especially one that is noteworthy, widespread, or in need of explanation. Meanings [noun] phenomenon, occurrence (something observable) [noun] symptom, manifestation (of a deeper underlying cause) Example Sentences 全球气候变暖是当今世界最受关注的环境现象之一。 Quánqiú qìhòu biànnuǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè zuì shòu guānzhù de huánjìng xiànxiàng zhī yī. Global warming is one of the most widely discussed environmental phenomena in the world today. 社会上存在的贫富差距现象需要引起高度重视。 Shèhuì...
原因 (yuányīn) — reason
原因 (yuányīn) 原因 means the reason or cause behind an event or situation. It asks or states "why" something happened. Meanings [noun] Reason; cause; explanation. Example Sentences 你知道他迟到的原因吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā chídào de yuányīn ma? Do you know the reason he was late? 找出问题的原因是解决问题的第一步。 Zhǎochū wèntí de yuányīn shì jiějué wèntí de dìyī bù. Finding the reason for a problem is the first step to solving it. 她失败的原因是没有认真准备。 Tā shībài...
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove / proof
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 functions as both a verb and a noun. As a verb it means to prove or demonstrate that something is true. As a noun it refers to a certificate, letter of proof, or other official document that verifies a fact. Meanings [verb] To prove; to demonstrate; to show evidence that something is true. [noun] Proof; certificate; verification document. Example Sentences 你能证明你当时在家吗？ Nǐ néng zhèngmíng nǐ dāngshí zài...
麻醉 (mázuì) — to anesthetize
麻醉 (mázuì) 麻醉 refers to the clinical process of inducing controlled, reversible loss of sensation (local/regional) or consciousness (general) in a patient to enable surgical or diagnostic procedures without pain. At the C2 level, the term encompasses the full spectrum of anesthetic modalities — general, regional, neuraxial, and monitored anesthesia care — and implies the complex pharmacological and physiological management undertaken by an anesthesiologist. Meanings verb to anesthetize; to induce...
动作 (dòngzuò) — action; movement
动作 (dòngzuò) 动作 refers to a physical action or body movement, used in contexts from daily life to sports and performance. Meanings [noun] action; movement; motion; gesture Example Sentences 她的舞蹈动作非常优美。 Tā de wǔdǎo dòngzuò fēicháng yōuměi. Her dance movements are extremely graceful. 请跟我做这个动作。 Qǐng gēn wǒ zuò zhège dòngzuò. Please follow me and do this movement. 他的动作很快，比赛结束前就完成了任务。 Tā de dòngzuò hěn kuài, bǐsài jiéshù qián jiù wánchéng le rènwù. His...
了解 (liǎojiě) — to understand
了解 (liǎojiě) 了解 means to understand something in depth, gained through investigation, experience, or close contact. It implies a richer knowledge than simply 知道 (zhīdào — to know a fact). Meanings [verb] To understand well; to know in detail; to be acquainted with. [verb] To find out; to learn about through inquiry. Example Sentences 我不太了解这个情况。 Wǒ bú tài liǎojiě zhège qíngkuàng. I don't know this situation very well. 你了解中国文化吗？ Nǐ...
诊断 (zhěnduàn) — to diagnose
诊断 (zhěnduàn) 诊断 refers to the clinical process of identifying a disease, disorder, or condition through systematic evaluation of symptoms, test results, and medical history. At the C2 level, this term carries precise clinical weight: it implies not just naming a condition but applying evidence-based reasoning to differentiate between competing diagnoses. It is foundational in all branches of clinical medicine, pathology, and forensic science. Meanings verb to diagnose; to clinically...
信封 (xìnfēng) — envelope
信封 (xìnfēng) A paper container used for mailing letters, folded and sealed to enclose written correspondence. Meanings [noun] Envelope, a paper casing for sending letters. Example Sentences 请把信放进信封里，再寄出去。 Qǐng bǎ xìn fàng jìn xìnfēng lǐ, zài jì chūqù. Please put the letter into the envelope, then mail it. 桌上有几个空的信封。 Zhuō shàng yǒu jǐ gè kōng de xìnfēng. There are a few empty envelopes on the table. 他在信封上写了收件人的地址。 Tā zài xìnfēng...
讨论 (tǎolùn) — to discuss; discussion
讨论 (tǎolùn) 讨论 means to discuss a topic by exchanging views among two or more people. It implies an open, interactive process aimed at exploring ideas, solving problems, or reaching a conclusion. Both the verb and noun forms are widely used in academic, professional, and everyday settings. Meanings [verb] To discuss; to deliberate; to talk over. [noun] Discussion; deliberation. Example Sentences 同学们就这个话题进行了热烈的讨论。 Tóngxuémen jiù zhège huàtí jìnxíng le rèliè de...
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited and passed down through generations. As an adjective it means "traditional." It carries a generally positive connotation of cultural continuity, though it can also imply something outdated in certain contexts. Meanings [noun] Tradition; convention; heritage. [adjective] Traditional; conventional; classic. Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日，有着几千年的历史。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì, yǒuzhe jǐ qiān nián de lìshǐ. The...
论点 (lùndiǎn) — argument, thesis
论点 (lùndiǎn) 论点 is the central claim or thesis put forward in an argument, essay, or debate. It is the position being defended or proved, as distinct from 论据 (the evidence supporting it) and 论证 (the process of argumentation). It is essential vocabulary for academic writing, debate, and critical analysis at C1 level. Meanings [n] argument, thesis, main point (in an essay or debate) [n] proposition, claim (a position advanced...
形式 (xíngshì) — form; format; formality
形式 (xíngshì) 形式 refers to the form, format, or structure of something, as opposed to its content or substance. It can also mean "formality" when something is done for appearance rather than substance. Meanings [noun] form; format; structure; shape [noun] formality; outward appearance (as opposed to substance) Example Sentences 这次活动的形式很新颖，吸引了很多人。 Zhè cì huódòng de xíngshì hěn xīnyǐng, xīyǐnle hěn duō rén. The format of this event was very novel and...
弘扬 (hóngyáng) — to promote; to carry forward; to glorify
弘扬 (hóngyáng) To promote or carry forward means to spread and amplify something admirable -- such as a cultural tradition, moral value, or spirit -- so that it becomes widely known and deeply rooted. Meanings [verb] to promote; to carry forward; to glorify; to spread and develop (values, spirit, culture) Example Sentences 学校致力于弘扬中华传统文化和民族精神。 Xuéxiào zhìlì yú hóngyáng Zhōnghuá chuántǒng wénhuà hé mínzú jīngshén. The school is committed to promoting traditional...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious / earnest
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 means serious, earnest, or conscientious. It describes an attitude of careful dedication and thoroughness rather than a somber or grave mood. To 认真 do something means to do it with full attention and effort. Meanings [adjective] Serious; earnest; conscientious; diligent; careful. [adverb] Seriously; earnestly (used as a manner adverb before verbs). Example Sentences 他学习非常认真。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng rènzhēn. He studies very seriously. 做事要认真，不能马虎。 Zuò shì yào rènzhēn,...
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) — semiconductor fabrication
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) 半导体制造 encompasses the highly complex industrial processes used to create semiconductor devices, including integrated circuits and microchips, from raw silicon and other materials. It is among the most technologically demanding manufacturing domains, involving photolithography, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, and precision metrology at nanometer scales. Meanings [noun] semiconductor fabrication; the industrial manufacturing of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits Example Sentences 先进半导体制造工艺已突破三纳米技术节点。 Xiānjìn bàndǎotǐ zhìzào gōngyì yǐ tūpò...
恰当 (qiàdàng) — appropriate; suitable; proper
恰当 (qiàdàng) 恰当 means appropriate, fitting, or suitable, describing something that is exactly right or well-matched for a given context, situation, or purpose. Meanings [adjective] appropriate; suitable; proper; fitting (exactly right for the situation) Example Sentences 他用了一个非常恰当的比喻来解释这个复杂的科学概念，让大家一下子就明白了。 Tā yòngle yī gè fēicháng qiàdàng de bǐyù lái jiěshì zhège fùzá de kēxué gàiniàn, ràng dàjiā yīxiàzi jiù míngbáile. He used a very appropriate metaphor to explain this complex scientific concept, and...
有名 (yǒumíng) — famous; well-known
有名 (yǒumíng) 有名 is an adjective meaning famous or well-known. It is not a verb, so do not use it with a direct object. Say 他很有名 (he is very famous), not *他有名了某人. Scope can be specified with 在…很有名 (famous in/among…) or 全国有名 (nationally famous). Meanings [adj] Famous; well-known — recognized by many people. [adj] Renowned; celebrated — having a strong positive reputation in a field or area. Example Sentences 这位歌手非常有名。...
短 (duǎn) — short (in length)
短 (duǎn) An adjective meaning "short" in length or duration. It is used for physical dimensions (a short rope) and time (a short period). Its antonym is 长 (cháng), meaning "long." Do not confuse with 矮 (ǎi), which means short in height (of a person). Meanings [adjective] Short (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条裙子太短了。 Zhè tiáo qúnzi tài duǎn le. This skirt is too short. 他的头发很短。 Tā...
九 (jiǔ) — nine
九 (jiǔ) The number nine; 九 sounds like 久 (jiǔ, long-lasting), making it a symbol of longevity and permanence in Chinese culture. The Forbidden City has 9,999 rooms, and the emperor wore robes adorned with nine dragons. Meanings [number] Nine, the digit 9. Example Sentences 我昨晚工作到九点。 Wǒ zuówǎn gōngzuò dào jiǔ diǎn. I worked until nine o'clock last night. 他九岁的时候来到中国。 Tā jiǔ suì de shíhou lái dào Zhōngguó. He came...
推断 (tuīduàn) — to infer; inference
推断 (tuīduàn) 推断 means to arrive at a conclusion through reasoning from available evidence or known facts, and is essential in academic, scientific, and logical contexts. Meanings [verb] to infer; to deduce; to reason toward a conclusion [noun] inference; deduction; conclusion drawn by reasoning Example Sentences 根据现有证据，我们可以推断出案件的经过。 Gēnjù xiànyǒu zhèngjù, wǒmen kěyǐ tuīduàn chū ànjiàn de jīngguò. Based on the available evidence, we can infer the course of events in...
困境 (kùnjìng) — predicament; difficult situation
困境 (kùnjìng) 困境 refers to a difficult situation, predicament, or plight -- a set of circumstances that are hard to escape or resolve, often involving multiple constraints. Meanings [noun] predicament; difficult situation; dilemma; plight; impasse Example Sentences 公司陷入了财务困境，面临破产的威胁。 Gōngsī xiànrù le cáiwù kùnjìng, miànlín pòchǎn de wēixié. The company fell into financial difficulty and faced the threat of bankruptcy. 他帮助朋友走出了人生的困境。 Tā bāngzhù péngyou zǒuchū le rénshēng de kùnjìng. He helped...
叙事 (xùshì) — narrative; to narrate
叙事 (xùshì) 叙事 refers both to the act of narrating events and to narrative as a literary mode or structure. As a verb it means to recount or narrate, while as a noun it denotes narrative itself. It is a key term in literary studies, film criticism, and journalism, distinguishing event-driven writing from lyrical or argumentative writing. Meanings [v] to narrate; to recount events in sequence [n] narrative; the narrative...
弱化 (ruòhuà) — to weaken, to dilute
弱化 (ruòhuà) 弱化 means to weaken or dilute something, describing a process by which strength, intensity, or prominence is reduced, either deliberately or as a natural consequence. Meanings [verb] to weaken, to dilute, to reduce in strength or prominence [verb] to downplay, to de-emphasize (in discourse or policy) Example Sentences 这项政策可能会弱化地方政府的自主权。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè kěnéng huì ruòhuà dìfāng zhèngfǔ de zìzhǔquán. This policy may weaken the autonomy of local governments....
反正 (fǎnzhèng) — anyway / regardless
反正 (fǎnzhèng) 反正 means anyway, regardless, or in any case. It acknowledges a prior situation but then asserts that the outcome or attitude remains the same no matter what. It often signals a speaker's firm stance or resignation. Meanings [adverb] Anyway; regardless; in any case; no matter what. Example Sentences 反正我不去，你别劝我了。 Fǎnzhèng wǒ bù qù, nǐ bié quàn wǒ le. Anyway, I'm not going. Stop trying to persuade me. 不管怎么说，反正你要来。...
自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) — natural disaster
自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) 自然灾害 refers to catastrophic natural events such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons, droughts, and wildfires that cause significant damage to human life and property. It is the standard compound term in disaster management and environmental discourse. Meanings [noun] natural disaster; natural catastrophe Example Sentences 气候变化导致自然灾害的频率和强度不断增加，对全球造成严峻威胁。 Qìhòu biànhuà dǎozhì zìrán zāihài de pínlǜ hé qiángdù bùduàn zēngjiā, duì quánqiú zàochéng yánjùn wēixié. Climate change is causing natural disasters to...
批准 (pīzhǔn) — to approve; to authorize
批准 (pīzhǔn) 批准 means to officially approve or authorize something -- granting formal permission or endorsement, typically by a person in authority. Meanings [verb] to approve; to authorize; to sanction; to ratify Example Sentences 经理批准了我的请假申请。 Jǐnglǐ pīzhǔnle wǒ de qǐngjià shēnqǐng. The manager approved my leave application. 这个项目已经得到了政府的批准。 Zhège xiàngmù yǐjīng dédàole zhèngfǔ de pīzhǔn. This project has already received government approval. 他的申请被批准了。 Tā de shēnqǐng bèi pīzhǔn le. His...
努力 (nǔlì) — work hard; diligent; effort
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 is a versatile word used as a verb (to work hard), adjective (diligent), or noun (effort). As a verb it often precedes another verb to show the manner of action: 努力学习 (study hard). As a noun it appears after 付出 (put in effort) or 经过 (through effort). Meanings [v/adj] Work hard; be diligent — exert great effort toward a goal. [n] Effort; hard work — the energy...
博弈 (bóyì) — game (theory), strategic contest
博弈 (bóyì) 博弈 originally referred to board games like chess and Go, but in modern Chinese it is widely used metaphorically to describe any strategic contest, competition, or interaction where multiple parties make calculated decisions in pursuit of their interests. Meanings [noun] strategic game, contest, game-theoretic interaction [verb] to engage in strategic competition, to play a game of competing interests Example Sentences 中美之间的贸易博弈正在深刻影响全球经济格局。 Zhōng-Měi zhī jiān de màoyì bóyì zhèngzài...
阐释 (chǎnshì) — to interpret, to explain in depth
阐释 (chǎnshì) 阐释 means to interpret and explain something in depth, especially texts, cultural phenomena, or philosophical concepts. It goes beyond simple explanation to involve the interpreter's understanding and perspective. It is closely related to hermeneutics and is commonly used in literary criticism, cultural studies, and philosophical discourse. Meanings [v] to interpret; to explain the meaning of [v] to offer an interpretive account of a text, theory, or cultural phenomenon...
症状 (zhèngzhuàng) — symptom
症状 (zhèngzhuàng) 症状 refers to the observable or felt signs of a disease or medical condition, a key term in medical consultations, public health communication, and patient-doctor interactions. Meanings [noun] symptom; clinical sign of a disease or disorder Example Sentences 患者出现了发烧、咳嗽和疲劳等典型症状。 Huànzhě chūxiàn le fāshāo, késòu hé píláo děng diǎnxíng zhèngzhuàng. The patient developed typical symptoms including fever, cough, and fatigue. 医生根据患者的症状做出了初步诊断。 Yīshēng gēnjù huànzhě de zhèngzhuàng zuò chū le...
让 (ràng) — let, make, allow
让 (ràng) A pivotal verb used in the pattern 让 + person + verb, meaning "let someone do" or "make someone do." It can express permission, request, or causation. In informal speech it also functions as a passive marker meaning "by." Meanings [verb] To let, to allow (someone to do something). [verb] To make, to cause (someone to do or feel something). [verb] To yield, to give way to someone....
支持 (zhīchí) — to support, support
支持 (zhīchí) A versatile word covering both active backing and structural or technical support, widely used in political, business, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to support, to back, to endorse [noun] support, backing Example Sentences 她得到了家人的全力支持。 Tā dédàole jiārén de quánlì zhīchí. She received the full support of her family. 政府出台政策支持小微企业发展。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái zhèngcè zhīchí xiǎowēi qǐyè fāzhǎn. The government introduced policies to support the development of small businesses. 这款软件支持多种语言界面。...
中间 (zhōngjiān) — middle; between; among
中间 (zhōngjiān) 中间 describes the position in the center of a space or the interval between two points in time, people, or things. Meanings [noun] the middle; the center point of a space or object [noun] between; in the interval separating two things or people [noun] among; within a group Example Sentences 书在桌子中间。 Shū zài zhuōzi zhōngjiān. The book is in the middle of the table. 他坐在两个朋友中间。 Tā zuò zài...
面试 (miànshì) — interview; to interview
面试 (miànshì) 面试 means "interview" or "to interview" and specifically refers to a face-to-face evaluation, most commonly for a job or academic admission. Meanings [noun] interview; oral examination [verb] to interview; to have an interview Example Sentences 明天我有一个重要的面试。 Míngtiān wǒ yǒu yīgè zhòngyào de miànshì. I have an important interview tomorrow. 他面试了三家公司，最后选择了其中一家。 Tā miànshì le sān jiā gōngsī, zuìhòu xuǎnzé le qízhōng yī jiā. He interviewed at three companies and...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support; to back up; support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to give active assistance, backing, or resources to someone or a cause, both in interpersonal and institutional contexts. Meanings [verb] To support, to back, to endorse, to stand behind. [noun] Support, backing, endorsement. Example Sentences 她的父母一直全力支持她追求艺术梦想，尽管这条路充满了不确定性。 Tā de fùmǔ yīzhí quánlì zhīchí tā zhuīqiú yìshù mèngxiǎng, jǐnguǎn zhè tiáo lù chōngmǎn le bù quèdìngxìng. Her parents have always fully supported her in pursuing her artistic dream,...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 introduces an approximate number or time, signaling that the figure given is an estimate, not an exact amount. Meanings [adverb] Approximately; about; roughly (indicates an estimate, not an exact figure). Example Sentences 从这里到车站大约需要二十分钟。 Cóng zhèlǐ dào chēzhàn dàyuē xūyào èrshí fēnzhōng. It takes approximately twenty minutes from here to the station. 这本书大约有三百页。 Zhè běn shū dàyuē yǒu sānbǎi yè. This book has about three hundred pages. 他大约下午五点到家。...
培训 (péixùn) — Train
培训 (péixùn) 培训 refers to organized training or instruction provided to develop skills or knowledge for a job or task. Meanings [verb] to train; to provide training for [noun] training; instruction program Example Sentences 公司每年都会培训新员工。 Gōngsī měi nián dōu huì péixùn xīn yuángōng. The company trains new employees every year. 她参加了一个为期两周的职业培训。 Tā cānjiāle yī gè wéiqī liǎng zhōu de zhíyè péixùn. She attended a two-week vocational training program. 这次培训对提高我们的工作效率很有帮助。 Zhè...
礼貌 (lǐmào) — polite, politeness
礼貌 (lǐmào) 礼貌 describes polite behavior and good manners, and is both a noun (politeness) and an adjective (polite) in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] polite, courteous, well-mannered [noun] politeness, courtesy, good manners Example Sentences 他说话很有礼貌。 Tā shuōhuà hěn yǒu lǐmào. He speaks very politely. 礼貌是与人交往的基本要求。 Lǐmào shì yǔ rén jiāowǎng de jīběn yāoqiú. Politeness is a basic requirement for getting along with others. 孩子们应该从小学会礼貌待人。 Háizimen yīnggāi cóng xiǎo xuéhuì lǐmào dài...
培训 (péixùn) — to train; training
培训 (péixùn) 培训 refers specifically to professional, vocational, or skills-based training -- organized instruction aimed at improving specific competencies or job performance. Meanings [verb] to train; to provide training for (professional or vocational skills) [noun] training; professional training; a training program Example Sentences 新员工入职前需要接受为期两周的培训。 Xīn yuángōng rùzhí qián xūyào jiēshòu wéiqī liǎng zhōu de péixùn. New employees need to undergo two weeks of training before starting work. 公司每年为员工提供专业技能培训。 Gōngsī měinián...
五 (wǔ) — five
五 (wǔ) The number five; in Chinese culture, 五 is associated with the five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water) and is generally considered a neutral or positive number. Meanings [number] Five, the digit 5. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时，工作五个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí, gōngzuò wǔ gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours and work five hours every day. 五月是我最喜欢的月份。 Wǔ yuè shì wǒ zuì xǐhuan de yuèfèn. May is my...
感受 (gǎnshòu) — feeling; to feel; to experience
感受 (gǎnshòu) 感受 describes the subjective inner feeling or experience that arises from contact with something, and can also be used as a verb meaning to feel or experience something personally. Meanings [noun] feeling; experience; impression; what one feels or senses [verb] to feel; to experience; to perceive (through personal contact) Example Sentences 旅行让我对不同文化有了更深的感受，也让我更加珍惜自己的家乡。 Lǚxíng ràng wǒ duì bùtóng wénhuà yǒule gèng shēn de gǎnshòu, yě ràng wǒ gèngjiā zhēnxī...
用 (yòng) — to use, using, with
用 (yòng) As a verb it means to use or to employ something. As a preposition it introduces the instrument or method, similar to "with" or "using." It is one of the most common and versatile words in Mandarin. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ. [prep] With, by means of, using. Example Sentences 我用筷子吃饭。 Wǒ yòng kuàizi chīfàn. I eat with chopsticks. 你可以用我的手机。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng wǒ de shǒujī. You...
博客 (bókè) — blog
博客 (bókè) 博客 is the Chinese term for a blog -- an online platform where an individual regularly publishes written content, opinions, and experiences, typically in reverse chronological order. Meanings [noun] blog (an online journal or website of personal content) [noun] blogger (a person who writes a blog, by extension) Example Sentences 他通过博客分享自己在旅行中的所见所闻，积累了大量粉丝。 Tā tōngguò bókè fēnxiǎng zìjǐ zài lǚxíng zhōng de suǒ jiàn suǒ wén, jīlěi le dàliàng fěnsī....
描写 (miáoxiě) — to describe / depict
描写 (miáoxiě) 描写 means to describe or depict something in detail, especially through language or writing. It is commonly used when talking about literary descriptions or vivid portrayals of people, scenery, and feelings. Meanings [verb] To describe; to depict; to portray something in detail through words. [noun] Description; depiction (as a noun, referring to the act or style of depicting). Example Sentences 这篇文章描写了美丽的春天。 Zhè piān wénzhāng miáoxiě le měilì de...
照顾 (zhàogù) — to take care of
照顾 (zhàogù) 照顾 means to take care of or look after someone, attending to their daily needs or wellbeing. It is used for looking after children, the elderly, patients, or anyone who needs assistance. Meanings [verb] To take care of; to look after; to attend to; to care for. Example Sentences 妈妈每天照顾生病的爸爸。 Māma měitiān zhàogù shēngbìng de bàba. Mom takes care of sick dad every day. 谢谢你照顾我的孩子。 Xièxiè nǐ zhàogù...
十分 (shífēn) — very; extremely; fully; completely
十分 (shífēn) 十分 is an adverb used as an intensifier, meaning "very," "extremely," or "fully," placed before adjectives and some verbs to indicate a high degree. Meanings [adverb] very; extremely; fully; completely (used to intensify adjectives and verbs, indicating a high or full degree) Usage Note 十分 is placed directly before the adjective or verb it modifies. It is interchangeable with 非常 in most cases but often sounds more formal...
交通 (jiāotōng) — traffic; transportation
交通 (jiāotōng) 交通 refers both to the flow of traffic on roads and to a city's broader transportation system or infrastructure. Meanings [noun] traffic; transportation — the movement of vehicles on roads, or the system of public transport in an area Example Sentences 这里的交通很方便。 Zhèlǐ de jiāotōng hěn fāngbiàn. The transportation here is very convenient. 早高峰时交通非常拥挤。 Zǎo gāofēng shí jiāotōng fēicháng yōngjǐ. Traffic is very congested during the morning rush...
了解 (liǎojiě) — to understand; to find out; knowledge
了解 (liǎojiě) 了解 means to understand something by actively learning about it or gathering information. It implies a deeper familiarity than simply knowing a fact (知道 zhīdào), suggesting that you have taken steps to inquire, observe, or research in order to grasp the full picture. Meanings [verb] To understand; to find out; to learn about; to get to know. [noun] Understanding; knowledge; familiarity. Example Sentences 我想进一步了解这家公司的文化和发展方向。 Wǒ xiǎng jìnyībù liǎojiě...
有机 (yǒujī) — organic
有机 (yǒujī) 有机 means organic — whether referring to food grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, or to organic chemistry. In everyday HSK-level usage, it most commonly describes organic food products. Meanings adjective organic (grown or produced without synthetic chemicals; also relating to organic compounds in chemistry) Example Sentences 有机蔬菜比普通蔬菜贵一些。 Yǒujī shūcài bǐ pǔtōng shūcài guì yīxiē. Organic vegetables are a bit more expensive than regular ones. 越来越多的人选择购买有机食品。 Yuè lái...
问题 (wèntí) — question / problem
问题 (wèntí) A noun with two important uses. It means both "question" (something you ask) and "problem" (something that needs solving). Context makes the meaning clear. In a classroom, 有问题吗 means "any questions?" In daily life, 有问题 means "there is a problem." Meanings [noun] Question, inquiry. [noun] Problem, issue, difficulty. Example Sentences 老师，我有一个问题。 Lǎoshī, wǒ yǒu yīgè wèntí. Teacher, I have a question. 这道题的问题在哪里？ Zhè dào tí de wèntí zài...
进步的 (jìnbù de) — progressive
进步的 (jìnbù de) 进步的 describes views, policies, or people that advocate for social reform, change, and improvement. In political contexts, it refers to left-leaning or reform-oriented positions. In general use, it simply means "forward-looking" or "showing improvement." Meanings [adj] progressive; favoring change and reform; forward-thinking; showing advancement Example Sentences 进步的教育理念强调批判性思维和创新能力。 Jìnbù de jiàoyù lǐniàn qiángdiào pīpànxìng sīwéi hé chuàngxīn nénglì. Progressive educational ideas emphasize critical thinking and innovation. 这位政治家以其进步的立场赢得了年轻选民的支持。 Zhè...
讨论 (tǎolùn) — to discuss
讨论 (tǎolùn) 讨论 means to discuss or talk something over with one or more people, usually to reach an understanding, make a decision, or explore different views. Meanings [verb] To discuss; to talk over; to debate. [noun] A discussion; a debate. Example Sentences 我们来讨论一下这个问题。 Wǒmen lái tǎolùn yīxià zhège wèntí. Let's discuss this problem. 经过讨论，大家达成了一致意见。 Jīngguò tǎolùn, dàjiā dáchéng le yīzhì yìjiàn. After the discussion, everyone reached a consensus. 老师请同学们分组讨论。...
理念 (lǐniàn) — idea, concept, philosophy
理念 (lǐniàn) 理念 refers to a guiding idea, philosophical concept, or foundational belief that underpins a system, approach, or institution. It is more principled and abstract than 想法 (idea/thought) and more concrete than 哲学 (philosophy). It is a high-frequency word in policy documents, institutional discourse, and intellectual commentary. Meanings [n] concept, guiding idea (a foundational principle behind practice) [n] philosophy, belief (a deep-seated conviction shaping one's approach) Example Sentences "以人为本"的发展理念要求政策制定者将公民福祉置于经济增长之上。...
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, values, and practices handed down from earlier generations, and describes things that are rooted in such heritage. Meanings [noun] tradition; heritage; custom passed down through generations [adj] traditional; conventional Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. 他很尊重家族的传统。 Tā hěn zūnzhòng jiāzú de chuántǒng. He has great respect for his family's...
相对 (xiāngduì) — relatively; comparatively
相对 (xiāngduì) 相对 means relative or comparative, describing something that exists or is true in relation to something else rather than in absolute terms. Meanings [adjective] relative; comparative; not absolute [adverb] relatively; comparatively; in comparison Example Sentences 这道题相对比较简单。 Zhè dào tí xiāngduì bǐjiào jiǎndān. This question is relatively simple. 相对于大城市，小城市的生活压力更小。 Xiāngduì yú dà chéngshì, xiǎo chéngshì de shēnghuó yālì gèng xiǎo. Compared to big cities, small cities have less life...
维护 (wéihù) — to maintain; to uphold; to defend
维护 (wéihù) 维护 means "to maintain," "to uphold," or "to defend" and is commonly used to describe protecting rights, interests, or relationships. Meanings [verb] to maintain; to keep in good condition [verb] to uphold; to defend; to protect (rights, interests, order) Example Sentences 我们要维护社会的稳定。 Wǒmen yào wéihù shèhuì de wěndìng. We must maintain social stability. 他努力维护自己的权利。 Tā nǔlì wéihù zìjǐ de quánlì. He works hard to defend his own rights....
相对 (xiāngduì) — relatively; relative; mutual
相对 (xiāngduì) 相对 indicates that something is relative rather than absolute, or that two things face or relate to each other, and is commonly used in academic and analytical discourse. Meanings [adverb] relatively; comparatively [adjective] relative; mutual; face-to-face Example Sentences 这个城市的生活成本相对较低，适合年轻人居住。 Zhège chéngshì de shēnghuó chéngběn xiāngduì jiào dī, shìhé niánqīngrén jūzhù. The cost of living in this city is relatively low, making it suitable for young people. 在这个问题上，双方的立场相对接近，分歧不大。 Zài...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious / earnest
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes a serious, careful, and conscientious attitude toward work or study. Meanings [adjective] serious; earnest; conscientious; diligent; careful Example Sentences 她学习非常认真，每天都复习。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng rènzhēn, měitiān dōu fùxí. She studies very earnestly and reviews every day. 请认真听讲，不要走神。 Qǐng rènzhēn tīngjiǎng, bùyào zǒushén. Please listen carefully and do not let your mind wander. 认真工作的人更容易成功。 Rènzhēn gōngzuò de rén gèng róngyì chénggōng. People who work conscientiously are more likely...
精简 (jīngjiǎn) — to streamline; lean
精简 (jīngjiǎn) 精简 means to cut away the unnecessary and keep only what is essential. It is used for streamlining organisations, reducing redundant procedures, or making language more concise. It implies a deliberate, purposeful reduction that improves quality. Meanings [verb] to streamline; to trim; to reduce to essentials; to cut back [adjective] lean; concise; pared down Example Sentences 政府决定精简行政机构，减少不必要的审批环节，提高办事效率。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng jīngjiǎn xíngzhèng jīgòu, jiǎnshǎo bù bìyào de shěnpī huánjié,...
科学 (kēxué) — science
科学 (kēxué) 科学 means science as a noun and scientific as an adjective. It encompasses both the natural sciences and the general idea of rational, evidence-based thinking. Meanings [noun] Science; the natural sciences. [adjective] Scientific; rational; evidence-based. Example Sentences 科学对人类的发展很重要。 Kēxué duì rénlèi de fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào. Science is very important for human development. 这种方法不太科学。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ bú tài kēxué. This method is not very scientific. 她从小就对科学很感兴趣。 Tā cóng...
感激 (gǎnjī) — to be grateful; gratitude
感激 (gǎnjī) 感激 expresses a deep sense of gratitude and appreciation toward someone who has helped, supported, or done something significant for you, going beyond a simple "thank you." Meanings [verb] to feel grateful; to be deeply thankful; to appreciate deeply [noun] gratitude; deep appreciation Example Sentences 她非常感激老师多年来的悉心指导，这份恩情她将铭记终生。 Tā fēicháng gǎnjī lǎoshī duō nián lái de xīxīn zhǐdǎo, zhè fèn ēnqíng tā jiāng míngjì zhōngshēng. She is deeply grateful for...
害怕 (hàipà) — to be afraid
害怕 (hàipà) 害怕 means to be afraid or to fear. It expresses a feeling of fear or fright in response to something dangerous, threatening, or unknown. It is used with 对 to say what one is afraid of, or directly before the feared thing. Meanings [verb] To be afraid; to fear; to be scared. Example Sentences 我害怕黑暗。 Wǒ hàipà hēi'àn. I am afraid of the dark. 她不害怕困难。 Tā bù hàipà...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible / maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 works both as an adjective meaning possible and as an adverb meaning maybe or possibly. When used as an adjective it follows 是 or describes a noun. When used as an adverb it precedes a verb or verb phrase to express uncertainty. Meanings [adjective] Possible; that can happen. [adverb] Maybe; possibly; perhaps. [noun] Possibility; chance. Example Sentences 他可能今天不来了。 Tā kěnéng jīntiān bù lái le. He possibly will...
蔬菜 (shūcài) — vegetables
蔬菜 (shūcài) 蔬菜 specifically means vegetables as a food category. While 菜 is the everyday broad word for dishes or produce, 蔬菜 is the more precise and formal term that means vegetables specifically, not dishes in general. Meanings [noun] Vegetables; edible plants; greens and produce. Example Sentences 多吃蔬菜对身体很好。 Duō chī shūcài duì shēntǐ hěn hǎo. Eating more vegetables is very good for your health. 我们家每顿饭都要有蔬菜。 Wǒmen jiā měi dùn fàn...
迷惑 (míhuò) — to confuse; to bewilder; confused
迷惑 (míhuò) 迷惑 describes either the act of deceiving or bewildering someone, or the state of being confused and disoriented, and is used in both psychological and social contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to confuse; to mislead; to bewilder; to deceive [adjective] confused; bewildered; disoriented Example Sentences 虚假广告常常迷惑消费者，让他们做出错误的购买决定。 Xūjiǎ guǎnggào chángcháng míhuò xiāofèizhě, ràng tāmen zuòchū cuòwù de gòumǎi juédìng. False advertising often confuses consumers and leads them to...
信息 (xìnxī) — information
信息 (xìnxī) 信息 means information in a broad sense — data, news, messages, or any content that carries knowledge or updates. It is used widely in technology, media, and everyday communication. Meanings [noun] Information; news; data; message. Example Sentences 我在网上查到了很多有用的信息。 Wǒ zài wǎngshàng chádào le hěn duō yǒuyòng de xìnxī. I found a lot of useful information online. 请把这个信息告诉所有同学。 Qǐng bǎ zhège xìnxī gàosù suǒyǒu tóngxué. Please share this information...
客观 (kèguān) — objective; impartial
客观 (kèguān) 客观 describes something that is objective or impartial, based on facts and evidence rather than personal opinions or emotions. Meanings [adjective] objective; impartial; unbiased; based on facts Example Sentences 我们需要客观地看待这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào kèguān de kàndài zhège wèntí. We need to look at this problem objectively. 他的评价非常客观，没有偏见。 Tā de píngjià fēicháng kèguān, méiyǒu piānjiàn. His evaluation was very objective, with no bias. 做决定时，要尽量保持客观。 Zuò juédìng shí, yào jǐnliàng bǎochí...
几乎 (jīhū) — almost
几乎 (jīhū) 几乎 means almost or nearly — very close to a state or quantity but just short of it. It can describe closeness to either a positive or negative condition. Meanings [adverb] Almost; nearly; hardly; virtually. Example Sentences 他几乎每天都来这里。 Tā jīhū měitiān dōu lái zhèlǐ. He comes here almost every day. 我几乎忘了这件事。 Wǒ jīhū wàng le zhè jiàn shì. I almost forgot about this matter. 班里几乎所有人都去了。 Bān lǐ jīhū...
个 (gè) — general measure word
个 (gè) The most common and versatile measure word in Chinese. 个 is used as a general classifier for people and a wide variety of objects. When unsure which measure word to use, 个 is often the safest default, though using the correct specific measure word is more natural. Meanings [measure word] General classifier. Used with people, round or general objects, and many abstract concepts. What 个 counts 个 is...
客观 (kèguān) — objective; impartial
客观 (kèguān) Objectivity means being based on facts and evidence rather than personal feelings, biases, or opinions, and is highly valued in academic, journalistic, and scientific contexts. Meanings [adjective] objective; impartial; unbiased; based on external facts [adverb] objectively; impartially Example Sentences 作为裁判，他必须保持客观公正的态度。 Zuòwéi cáipàn, tā bìxū bǎochí kèguān gōngzhèng de tàidù. As a referee, he must maintain an objective and impartial attitude. 我们应该客观地评估这项政策的效果。 Wǒmen yīnggāi kèguān de pínggū zhè xiàng...
冷静 (lěngjìng) — calm; cool-headed; composed
冷静 (lěngjìng) 冷静 describes the ability to stay calm, rational, and composed, especially under pressure or in an emotional situation. Meanings [adj] calm; cool-headed; composed; collected; not easily flustered Example Sentences 遇到紧急情况，要保持冷静。 Yù dào jǐnjí qíngkuàng, yào bǎochí lěngjìng. In an emergency, you must stay calm. 她很冷静地分析了整个问题。 Tā hěn lěngjìng de fēnxī le zhěnggè wèntí. She calmly analyzed the entire problem. 生气的时候最好先冷静一下，再说话。 Shēngqì de shíhou zuìhǎo xiān lěngjìng yīxià, zài...
热情 (rèqíng) — warm; enthusiastic; passion
热情 (rèqíng) 热情 describes both the quality of warmth and enthusiasm shown toward people, and a passionate feeling toward an activity or goal. Meanings [adj] warm; enthusiastic; welcoming [noun] passion; enthusiasm; warmth Example Sentences 这里的人们对游客非常热情。 Zhèlǐ de rénmen duì yóukè fēicháng rèqíng. The people here are very warm and welcoming to visitors. 她对音乐充满热情，每天都练习。 Tā duì yīnyuè chōngmǎn rèqíng, měitiān dōu liànxí. She is filled with passion for music and practices...
贸易 (màoyì) — trade; commerce
贸易 (màoyì) 贸易 refers to organized commercial exchange, particularly trade between countries or regions, and is one of the most important economic terms in Chinese. Meanings [noun] trade; commerce (especially international trade) Example Sentences 中美贸易关系近年来经历了很大变化。 Zhōng Měi màoyì guānxi jìnnián lái jīnglì le hěn dà biànhuà. Sino-American trade relations have undergone significant changes in recent years. 自由贸易协定有助于降低关税壁垒。 Zìyóu màoyì xiédìng yǒuzhù yú jiàngdī guānshuì bìlěi. Free trade agreements help reduce...
用途 (yòngtú) — use; purpose; application
用途 (yòngtú) 用途 refers to the practical use or purpose of an object, material, or technology, often implying a range of possible applications. Meanings [noun] use; purpose; the function or intended application of something [noun] application; a specific way in which something can be used Example Sentences 这种材料的用途非常广泛。 Zhè zhǒng cáiliào de yòngtú fēicháng guǎngfàn. This material has a very wide range of uses. 请说明这台设备的用途。 Qǐng shuōmíng zhè tái shèbèi...
质量 (zhìliàng) — quality
质量 (zhìliàng) 质量 refers to the quality or standard of a product, work, or effort. High 质量 means something is well-made or excellent; low 质量 means it is poor or substandard. Meanings [noun] Quality; standard. [noun] (Physics) Mass. Example Sentences 这个产品的质量非常好。 Zhège chǎnpǐn de zhìliàng fēicháng hǎo. The quality of this product is excellent. 我们要提高工作质量。 Wǒmen yào tígāo gōngzuò zhìliàng. We need to improve work quality. 别只看价格，要注意质量。 Bié zhǐ kàn...
建立 (jiànlì) — to establish; to set up
建立 (jiànlì) 建立 means to establish, found, or set up an institution, system, relationship, or other entity that marks the beginning of its existence. Meanings [verb] to establish; to found; to set up [verb] to build (a relationship, model, or system) Example Sentences 两国于1972年正式建立了外交关系。 Liǎng guó yú 1972 nián zhèngshì jiànlìle wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries formally established diplomatic relations in 1972. 学校建立了一套完善的奖惩机制。 Xuéxiào jiànlìle yī tào wánshàn de jiǎngchéng...
调查 (diàochá) — to investigate; survey; investigation
调查 (diàochá) 调查 means to investigate or survey something through systematic inquiry, observation, or research. It is used for everything from police investigations to market research surveys, from academic field studies to journalistic fact-finding. Meanings [verb] To investigate; to survey; to look into; to research. [noun] Investigation; survey; inquiry. Example Sentences 警察正在调查这起交通事故的原因。 Jǐngchá zhèngzài diàochá zhè qǐ jiāotōng shìgù de yuányīn. The police are investigating the cause of this traffic...
和平 (hépíng) — peace
和平 (hépíng) 和平 means peace -- the absence of war and conflict, a state of harmony and tranquility -- and is one of the most important political and social vocabulary words in Chinese. Meanings [noun] peace; a state of peace; peaceful coexistence [adjective] peaceful; non-violent; pacifist Example Sentences 世界和平是全人类共同的愿望。 Shìjiè hépíng shì quán rénlèi gòngtóng de yuànwàng. World peace is the common desire of all humanity. 两国签署了和平条约，结束了长达数年的战争。 Liǎng guó qiānshǔ...
按时 (ànshí) — on time
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, in accordance with the scheduled or agreed time. 按 means according to or in line with, and 时 means time. It emphasizes doing something exactly when it is supposed to be done. A related adverb is 准时 (zhǔnshí), which also means on time. Both are used in similar contexts, but 按时 slightly emphasizes following a set schedule, while 准时 emphasizes punctuality in...
市场 (shìchǎng) — market; marketplace
市场 (shìchǎng) 市场 refers to a market in both the physical sense (a marketplace) and the economic sense (a market for goods, services, or ideas). Meanings [noun] a market; a marketplace (physical or economic) [noun] the market (economic context, such as demand and supply) Example Sentences 这家公司正在开拓海外市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zhèngzài kāituò hǎiwài shìchǎng. This company is expanding into overseas markets. 市场竞争越来越激烈。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng yuèlái yuè jīliè. Market competition is...
补充 (bǔchōng) — to supplement; to add; to complement
补充 (bǔchōng) 补充 means "to supplement," "to add to," or "to complement" and describes filling in gaps or adding more to something that is incomplete. Meanings [verb] to supplement; to add; to replenish [noun] supplement; addition; complement Example Sentences 老师让同学们补充自己的答案。 Lǎoshī ràng tóngxuémen bǔchōng zìjǐ de dá'àn. The teacher asked students to supplement their answers. 我想补充一点重要信息。 Wǒ xiǎng bǔchōng yīdiǎn zhòngyào xìnxī. I would like to add one important piece...
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove; proof; certificate
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 is both the act of proving something through reasoning or evidence and a formal document that certifies a fact, making it a versatile word in legal, academic, and everyday administrative contexts. Meanings [verb] to prove; to demonstrate; to certify [noun] proof; certificate; certification document Example Sentences 他的成功证明了努力终将得到回报。 Tā de chénggōng zhèngmíng le nǔlì zhōng jiāng dédào huíbào. His success proves that hard work will eventually be rewarded....
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove; proof; certificate
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 means to prove or verify something using evidence or reasoning. As a noun it refers to a proof, a piece of evidence, or an official certificate (such as an employment certificate or medical certificate). Meanings [verb] To prove; to demonstrate; to verify. [noun] Proof; evidence; certificate; certification. Example Sentences 科学家用实验证明了这个理论的正确性。 Kēxuéjiā yòng shíyàn zhèngmíng le zhège lǐlùn de zhèngquè xìng. Scientists used experiments to prove the correctness...
原因 (yuányīn) — reason; cause
原因 (yuányīn) 原因 refers to the reason or cause behind an event, situation, or outcome. Meanings [noun] Reason; cause; explanation. Example Sentences 你知道他为什么迟到的原因吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā wèishénme chídào de yuányīn ma? Do you know the reason why he was late? 这次事故的原因正在调查中。 Zhè cì shìgù de yuányīn zhèngzài diàochá zhōng. The cause of this accident is currently under investigation. 失败的原因是准备不够充分。 Shībài de yuányīn shì zhǔnbèi bùgòu chōngfèn. The reason for the...
独特 (dútè) — unique; distinctive; one-of-a-kind
独特 (dútè) 独特 describes something that is unique or distinctive, unlike anything else. It carries a positive connotation, often expressing admiration for an original style, approach, or quality that sets someone or something apart from the rest. Meanings [adjective] Unique; distinctive; one-of-a-kind; original. Example Sentences 这位设计师以其独特的风格在业界享有很高的声誉。 Zhè wèi shèjìshī yǐ qí dútè de fēnggé zài yèjiè xiǎngyǒu hěn gāo de shēngyù. This designer enjoys a high reputation in the industry...
架构 (jiàgòu) — framework; to structure
架构 (jiàgòu) 架构 refers to a framework or the structural design of something — the way its components are organized and interconnected. As a verb, it means to build or design a framework. It is widely used in technology (software architecture), business (organizational structure), and academic discourse (theoretical framework). It emphasizes the structural skeleton that holds a system together. Meanings [n] framework; architecture; structural design [v] to structure; to design...
年级 (niánjí) — grade / year level
年级 (niánjí) 年级 means grade or year level at school. It refers to the stage of study in school, equivalent to Grade 1, Grade 2, etc. It is used with ordinal numbers and the measure 年级 itself: 一年级 (first grade), 三年级 (third grade). Meanings [noun] Grade; year level (in school); school year. Example Sentences 你现在是几年级？ Nǐ xiànzài shì jǐ niánjí? What grade are you in now? 我是初中三年级的学生。 Wǒ shì chūzhōng...
独特 (dútè) — Unique, distinctive, original
独特 (dútè) 独特 means unique or distinctive -- having qualities, styles, or characteristics that are one-of-a-kind and belong only to that person, thing, or work. It carries a positive connotation. Meanings [adj] unique; distinctive; original; one-of-a-kind Example Sentences 这位艺术家以其独特的风格在国际艺坛赢得了广泛认可。 Zhè wèi yìshùjiā yǐ qí dútè de fēnggé zài guójì yìtán yíngdéle guǎngfàn rènkě. This artist has gained wide international recognition for his unique style. 中国饮食文化具有独特的魅力，吸引着世界各地的人们。 Zhōngguó yǐnshí wénhuà jùyǒu dútè...
小时 (xiǎoshí) — hour
小时 (xiǎoshí) 小时 means hour, the unit of time equal to 60 minutes. It is the standard word for duration. Do not confuse it with 时候 (shíhou, time/moment) or 时间 (shíjiān, time as a concept). 小时 always refers to a count of hours. Meanings [noun] Hour (a unit of time, 60 minutes). Example Sentences 我每天学习两个小时。 Wǒ měitiān xuéxí liǎng gè xiǎoshí. I study for two hours every day. 从这里到北京要三个小时。 Cóng...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to support or back someone or something. It can be emotional support, financial backing, or endorsing an idea or decision. It is used in both personal and formal contexts. In Chinese culture expressing 支持 openly is a warm and important social gesture. Whether cheering for a friend, endorsing a coworker's proposal, or backing a charity, 支持 signals solidarity and encouragement. Meanings [verb] To support; to back;...
模式 (móshì) — model; pattern; mode
模式 (móshì) 模式 refers to a pattern, mode, or established way of doing something, often describing a recurring structure or operational approach. Meanings [noun] model; pattern; mode; a standard or recurring way of operating or structuring something Example Sentences 这种工作模式越来越受欢迎。 Zhè zhǒng gōngzuò móshì yuè lái yuè shòu huānyíng. This work pattern is becoming increasingly popular. 传统的教育模式正在发生变化。 Chuántǒng de jiàoyù móshì zhèngzài fāshēng biànhuà. The traditional model of education is...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly; around
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 is an adverb meaning "approximately" or "about," used before numbers or time expressions to indicate that the value is an estimate, not a precise measurement. Meanings [adverb] approximately; about; roughly; around (placed before numbers, quantities, or time expressions to indicate an approximation) Usage Note 大约 is placed before the number or quantity it modifies. It can also appear before a verb to express a general estimate of...
志愿者 (zhìyuànzhě) — volunteer
志愿者 (zhìyuànzhě) 志愿者 refers to a volunteer, a person who freely offers their time and effort to help others without expecting payment. Meanings [noun] a volunteer; someone who helps willingly without payment Example Sentences 他是一名社区志愿者，每周帮助老人。 Tā shì yī míng shèqū zhìyuànzhě, měi zhōu bāngzhù lǎorén. He is a community volunteer who helps elderly people every week. 这次活动需要招募五十名志愿者。 Zhè cì huódòng xūyào zhāomù wǔshí míng zhìyuànzhě. This event needs to recruit...
假设 (jiǎshè) — to assume, to hypothesize; hypothesis
假设 (jiǎshè) 假设 means to assume or hypothesize — to posit something as true for the purposes of argument or investigation. As a noun, it means a hypothesis or assumption. It is central to scientific research, philosophical argumentation, and mathematical proof. It implies a provisional claim that needs to be tested or proven rather than a stated fact. Meanings [v] to assume; to suppose; to hypothesize [n] hypothesis; assumption; supposition...
礼貌 (lǐmào) — polite; politeness
礼貌 (lǐmào) 礼貌 refers to polite behavior and good manners, or the quality of being courteous and respectful in social interactions. Meanings [adj] polite; courteous; well-mannered [noun] politeness; courtesy; good manners Example Sentences 他说话总是很有礼貌。 Tā shuōhuà zǒngshì hěn yǒu lǐmào. He always speaks very politely. 对老人要有礼貌，这是基本道德。 Duì lǎorén yào yǒu lǐmào, zhè shì jīběn dàodé. Being polite to the elderly is basic morality. 不打招呼就离开是不礼貌的。 Bù dǎ zhāohu jiù líkāi shì...
模式 (móshì) — model, pattern, mode
模式 (móshì) 模式 refers to a recurring pattern, model, or mode of operation that characterizes how something typically works or is organized, applicable to economic systems, behavior, design, and thought. Meanings [noun] model, pattern, mode (of operation or behavior) [noun] paradigm, template (a standard form that can be replicated) Example Sentences 这家公司开创了一种全新的商业模式，引领行业变革。 Zhè jiā gōngsī kāichuàng le yī zhǒng quánxīn de shāngyè móshì, yǐnlǐng hángyè biàngé. This company pioneered an...
现场 (xiànchǎng) — site; scene; on the spot
现场 (xiànchǎng) 现场 refers to the actual scene or site where an event is happening or has happened, often meaning "on the spot" or "live." Meanings [noun] site; scene; the actual location where something is occurring or occurred Example Sentences 警察赶到了案件现场进行调查。 Jǐngchá gǎn dào le ànjiàn xiànchǎng jìnxíng diàochá. The police rushed to the crime scene to investigate. 现场观众对演出反应非常热烈。 Xiànchǎng guānzhòng duì yǎnchū fǎnyìng fēicháng rèliè. The live audience responded...
件 (jiàn) — measure word for clothing and matters
件 (jiàn) A measure word used for individual items of clothing (typically upper-body garments) and for matters or events. 件 is one of the most important clothing classifiers. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for garments, especially tops, jackets, and shirts. [measure word] Classifier for matters, affairs, or events. What 件 counts 件 is used with: 衣服 (yīfu): clothing — 一件衣服 (one item of clothing) 上衣 (shàngyī): top/jacket — 一件上衣 (one top)...
帅 (shuài) — handsome
帅 (shuài) An adjective meaning handsome or cool, most commonly used to describe men. In casual modern Chinese, it is also used to express that something looks stylish or impressive. Meanings [adjective] Handsome, good-looking (typically for men). [adjective] Cool, stylish, impressive (informal, modern usage). Example Sentences 那个男生真帅！ Nàge nánshēng zhēn shuài! That guy is really handsome! 你今天穿这件衣服很帅。 Nǐ jīntiān chuān zhè jiàn yīfu hěn shuài. You look very stylish in...
声誉 (shēngyù) — reputation; prestige
声誉 (shēngyù) 声誉 refers to the reputation or prestige that a person, organization, or brand has built over time -- the way they are regarded and spoken of by others. Meanings [noun] reputation; prestige; good name; standing Example Sentences 这家公司凭借优质的服务赢得了良好的声誉。 Zhè jiā gōngsī píngjiè yōuzhì de fúwù yíngdé le liánghǎo de shēngyù. This company has earned a good reputation through its quality service. 一旦声誉受损，重建信任需要很长时间。 Yīdàn shēngyù shòusǔn, chóngjiàn xìnrèn xūyào...
匮乏 (kuìfá) — scarce, lacking, deprived
匮乏 (kuìfá) 匮乏 describes a state of serious insufficiency or shortage, suggesting that something essential is severely lacking and the shortage is causing hardship. Meanings [adjective] scarce, lacking, deprived, impoverished (in a specific resource) [verb] to be short of, to lack severely Example Sentences 战后，整个地区物资极为匮乏，居民生活十分艰苦。 Zhàn hòu, zhěnggè dìqū wùzī jí wéi kuìfá, jūmín shēnghuó shífēn jiānkǔ. After the war, the entire region was extremely short of supplies and residents'...
宁可 (nìngkě) — would rather; prefer to
宁可 (nìngkě) 宁可 expresses a preference for one choice even if it involves some cost or sacrifice, equivalent to "would rather" or "prefer to" in English. Meanings [adverb] Would rather; prefer to (chooses one option, often the harder one, over another). Example Sentences 我宁可走路，也不想坐那辆车。 Wǒ nìngkě zǒulù, yě bù xiǎng zuò nà liàng chē. I would rather walk than ride in that car. 她宁可少睡觉，也要完成作业。 Tā nìngkě shǎo shuìjiào, yě yào...
压抑 (yāyì) — to suppress; oppressive
压抑 (yāyì) 压抑 describes the act of suppressing emotions or feelings, or the quality of an environment that feels stifling and oppressive, lacking freedom or relief. Meanings [verb] to suppress; to repress (emotions, desires) [adjective] oppressive; stifling; depressing (describing atmosphere or mood) Example Sentences 他一直压抑着内心的愤怒。 Tā yīzhí yāyì zhe nèixīn de fènnù. He has been suppressing the anger in his heart all along. 长期压抑情绪对健康有害。 Chángqī yāyì qíngxù duì jiànkāng yǒuhài....
白 (bái) — white; in vain
白 (bái) 白 primarily means the color white. In everyday speech it also carries the extended meaning of "in vain," "for nothing," or "free of charge," which gives it more range than a simple color word. Meanings [adjective] White (color). Describes the appearance of objects. [adverb] In vain; without result; for nothing. Used before a verb to say the action produced no useful outcome. Example Sentences 她穿着一件白衬衫。 Tā chuānzhe yī...
透明度 (tòumíngdù) — transparency; degree of transparency
透明度 (tòumíngdù) 透明度 refers to the degree of transparency, openness, or accountability, and is widely used in governance, finance, corporate management, and public discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] transparency; openness; accountability (institutional/social sense) [noun] degree of transparency (physical/optical sense) Example Sentences 提高政府的透明度是推进廉洁政治的重要措施。 Tígāo zhèngfǔ de tòumíngdù shì tuījìn liánjié zhèngzhì de zhòngyào cuòshī. Increasing government transparency is an important measure for promoting clean politics. 这家公司的财务透明度很高，所有财报都向公众公开。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de...
平台 (píngtái) — platform
平台 (píngtái) A platform is either a raised flat surface used as a stage or base, or -- more commonly in modern usage -- a digital or organizational structure that enables people to perform activities, access services, or communicate. Meanings [noun] platform (physical: stage, podium); platform (digital: app, website, service); platform (organizational: opportunity structure) Example Sentences 这家公司开发了一个供用户交流的在线平台。 Zhè jiā gōngsī kāifāle yīgè gòng yònghù jiāoliú de zàixiàn píngtái. This company...
辛苦 (xīnkǔ) — hard; toilsome; to work hard
辛苦 (xīnkǔ) 辛苦 describes work or effort that is tiring, demanding, or difficult. It is also commonly used as a polite expression to acknowledge and appreciate someone's hard work. Meanings [adjective] hard; toilsome; physically or mentally exhausting [verb] to work hard; to go through hardship and toil Example Sentences 你辛苦了，快来休息一下。 Nǐ xīnkǔ le, kuài lái xiūxi yīxià. You have worked hard; come and rest for a bit. 农民的工作很辛苦，要每天在田里劳动。 Nóngmín de...
平台 (píngtái) — platform; stage
平台 (píngtái) 平台 refers to a physical raised flat surface or, more commonly in modern usage, a digital or organizational platform that supports activity. Meanings [noun] Platform; stage; terrace (physical). [noun] Platform; base (for online services, business, or opportunities). Example Sentences 这个电商平台拥有数百万用户。 Zhège diànshāng píngtái yōngyǒu shù bǎi wàn yònghù. This e-commerce platform has millions of users. 公司为员工提供了一个展示才华的平台。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōngle yīgè zhǎnshì cáihuá de píngtái. The company provided...
改变 (gǎibiàn) — to change, to alter
改变 (gǎibiàn) 改变 means to change or alter something, typically implying a conscious effort to make something different from what it was before, often used for both concrete and abstract subjects. Meanings [verb] to change, to alter, to modify (something deliberately) [noun] a change, an alteration Example Sentences 她决心改变自己的生活方式。 Tā juéxīn gǎibiàn zìjǐ de shēnghuó fāngshì. She is determined to change her lifestyle. 这项政策的实施改变了数百万人的命运。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè de shíshī gǎibiàn...
利益 (lìyì) — interest, benefit
利益 (lìyì) 利益 refers to interests, benefits, or gains — particularly in political, economic, legal, or social contexts where competing or shared interests are at stake. It is broader than 好处 (advantage/benefit in everyday speech) and is the standard formal term for interests in political science, law, and economics. Meanings [n] interest, interests (especially shared or competing interests among parties) [n] benefit, gain (material or immaterial advantage) Example Sentences 国家利益是外交政策的最终驱动力，尽管各方对其内涵的界定不尽相同。...
改变 (gǎibiàn) — to change; to alter; change
改变 (gǎibiàn) 改变 refers to a meaningful shift or transformation in something — a state, a plan, an attitude, or a situation — and works as both verb and noun. Meanings [verb] To change, to alter, to transform. [noun] A change, an alteration, a transformation. Example Sentences 出国留学的经历从根本上改变了他看待世界的方式。 Chūguó liúxué de jīnglì cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le tā kàndài shìjiè de fāngshì. The experience of studying abroad fundamentally changed the...
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming
游泳 (yóuyǒng) A verb-object compound meaning to swim. Also used as a noun to refer to the sport or activity of swimming. The object 泳 (the swimming stroke/motion) is inseparable in most common uses. Meanings [verb] To swim. [noun] Swimming (as an activity or sport). Example Sentences 他每天早上去游泳。 Tā měi tiān zǎoshang qù yóuyǒng. He goes swimming every morning. 你会游泳吗？ Nǐ huì yóuyǒng ma? Can you swim? 游泳对身体很好。 Yóuyǒng duì...
回忆 (huíyì) — to recall; memory
回忆 (huíyì) 回忆 means both the act of recalling past events and the memories themselves, often carrying a nostalgic or reflective tone. Meanings [verb] to recall; to recollect; to think back on [noun] memory; recollection; reminiscence Example Sentences 我经常回忆起小时候的事情。 Wǒ jīngcháng huíyì qǐ xiǎoshíhou de shìqing. I often recall things from my childhood. 那段时光是我最美好的回忆。 Nà duàn shíguāng shì wǒ zuì měihǎo de huíyì. That period of time is my most...
理解 (lǐjiě) — to understand; to comprehend; understanding
理解 (lǐjiě) 理解 means to understand or comprehend something at a deeper level, beyond surface recognition, and can also function as a noun meaning understanding or comprehension. Meanings [verb] to understand; to comprehend — to grasp the meaning, logic, or feeling behind something [noun] understanding; comprehension — the state of having grasped something deeply Example Sentences 我不太理解他的意思。 Wǒ bú tài lǐjiě tā de yìsi. I do not quite understand what...
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) — hotel
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) 宾馆 is the standard Mandarin word for a hotel or guesthouse. It is used for mid-range to upscale accommodations. Related words: 酒店 (jiǔdiàn) is also common for hotel, and 旅馆 (lǚguǎn) refers to a smaller, more basic inn. Meanings [noun] Hotel; guesthouse. A place that provides lodging for paying guests. Example Sentences 我住在市中心的一家宾馆里。 Wǒ zhù zài shì zhōngxīn de yī jiā bīnguǎn lǐ. I am staying at a...
银行 (yínháng) — bank
银行 (yínháng) 银行 is the standard word for a bank — the financial institution where you deposit money, make transfers, take out loans, and exchange currency. 银 means "silver" (a historical reference to silver as currency) and 行 means "business establishment / trade." Together they evoke a silver-dealing establishment. Meanings [noun] Bank; financial institution. Example Sentences 我要去银行取一些钱。 Wǒ yào qù yínháng qǔ yīxiē qián. I need to go to the...
写完 (xiě wán) — to finish writing
写完 (xiě wán) 写完 is a verb + result complement. 写 means "to write" and 完 is the result complement meaning "finished / done completely." Together they mean writing has been finished to completion — nothing is left undone. The complement 完 can attach to many verbs (做完, 吃完, 看完) to express the same idea of total completion. The negative is 没写完 (didn't finish writing) or 写不完 (can't finish writing)....
人口 (rénkǒu) — population
人口 (rénkǒu) Refers to the total number of people living in a country, city, or region. Meanings [noun] Population, the total number of inhabitants. [noun] Number of people (in a household or area). Example Sentences 中国的人口超过十四亿。 Zhōngguó de rénkǒu chāoguò shísì yì. China's population exceeds 1.4 billion. 这个城市的人口增长很快。 Zhège chéngshì de rénkǒu zēngzhǎng hěn kuài. The population of this city is growing very fast. 农村人口越来越少了。 Nóngcūn rénkǒu yuèláiyuè shǎo le....
经常 (jīngcháng) — often
经常 (jīngcháng) 经常 means often or frequently. It describes actions that happen on a regular, habitual basis. It is placed before the verb it modifies. Meanings [adverb] Often; frequently; regularly; habitually. Example Sentences 我经常去图书馆看书。 Wǒ jīngcháng qù túshūguǎn kàn shū. I often go to the library to read. 他经常帮助同学，大家都很喜欢他。 Tā jīngcháng bāngzhù tóngxué, dàjiā dōu hěn xǐhuān tā. He often helps classmates; everyone likes him very much. 你经常锻炼吗？ Nǐ jīngcháng...
倡议 (chàngyì) — initiative; proposal; to propose
倡议 (chàngyì) 倡议 refers to a formal proposal or call to action put forward by an individual, organization, or government to encourage others to join in achieving a shared goal, and as a verb it means to put forward such a proposal. Meanings [noun] initiative; proposal; call to action (a formal proposal encouraging collective action) [verb] to propose; to put forward an initiative; to call on others to act Example...
逻辑 (luóji) — logic
逻辑 (luóji) 逻辑 is a loanword from "logic" and covers both the formal discipline of logic (the study of valid inference) and the informal sense of the internal coherence or reasoning behind a statement, plan, or situation. It is indispensable in academic, philosophical, and analytical Chinese. Meanings [n] logic (the formal study of valid reasoning) [n] logic, internal coherence (the reasoning or rationale behind something) Example Sentences 形式逻辑是哲学和数学的共同基础，也是批判性思维的核心工具。 Xíngshì luóji...
表扬 (biǎoyáng) — to praise
表扬 (biǎoyáng) 表扬 means to praise or commend someone for something positive they have done. Meanings [verb] to praise; to commend; to compliment [noun] praise; commendation Example Sentences 老师表扬了他的好表现。 Lǎoshī biǎoyáng le tā de hǎo biǎoxiàn. The teacher praised his good performance. 得到表扬会让孩子更有动力。 Dédào biǎoyáng huì ràng háizi gèng yǒu dònglì. Receiving praise will motivate children more. 他经常表扬努力工作的员工。 Tā jīngcháng biǎoyáng nǔlì gōngzuò de yuángōng. He often praises employees who...
特定 (tèdìng) — specific; particular; designated
特定 (tèdìng) 特定 means specific, particular, or designated — referring to a particular thing or condition that has been defined or set in advance. It is often used in formal and academic contexts to indicate that something applies to a particular set of circumstances rather than in general. Meanings [adjective] Specific; particular; designated; given; predetermined. Example Sentences 这条规定只适用于特定情况，不能一概而论。 Zhè tiáo guīdìng zhǐ shìyòng yú tèdìng qíngkuàng, bù néng yīgài ér...
自学 (zìxué) — self-study; to teach oneself
自学 (zìxué) 自学 means to study or learn independently without a teacher or formal instruction. It emphasises self-discipline, initiative, and the ability to acquire knowledge through one's own effort. Meanings [verb] to teach oneself; to study independently; to self-study [noun] self-study; independent learning Example Sentences 他没有接受过正规的音乐教育，完全靠自学成为了一名专业的吉他手。 Tā méiyǒu jiēshòuguò zhèngguī de yīnyuè jiàoyù, wánquán kào zìxué chéngwéile yī míng zhuānyè de jítā shǒu. He received no formal music education and...
行业 (hángyè) — industry; sector; trade
行业 (hángyè) 行业 refers to a specific sector, trade, or field of economic activity. Meanings [noun] Industry; sector; trade; line of work. Example Sentences 互联网行业发展得非常快。 Hùliánwǎng hángyè fāzhǎn de fēicháng kuài. The internet industry is developing very rapidly. 他在金融行业工作了很多年。 Tā zài jīnróng hángyè gōngzuòle hěn duō nián. He has worked in the financial industry for many years. 进入这个行业需要专业的技术。 Jìnrù zhège hángyè xūyào zhuānyè de jìshù. Entering this industry requires professional...
论证 (lùnzhèng) — to argue; argumentation
论证 (lùnzhèng) 论证 refers to the process of supporting a claim or thesis through logical reasoning and evidence, and is a key term in academic writing and formal debate. Meanings [verb] to argue for; to demonstrate through reasoning; to substantiate [noun] argumentation; logical proof; the process of reasoning toward a conclusion Example Sentences 这篇论文的论证严密而有力。 Zhè piān lùnwén de lùnzhèng yánmì ér yǒulì. The argumentation in this thesis is rigorous and...
密码 (mìmǎ) — password, code
密码 (mìmǎ) 密码 means password or secret code. It is used for login passwords, PIN codes, and secret codes in general. It is an extremely common word in the digital age and also appears in historical or spy-related contexts to mean cipher or code. Meanings [noun] password; a secret string of characters for authentication [noun] code; a secret cipher or encrypted message Example Sentences 请不要把密码告诉别人。 Qǐng bùyào bǎ mìmǎ gàosù...
邻居 (línjū) — neighbor
邻居 (línjū) 邻居 refers to a neighbor — someone who lives next door or in close proximity. It is a neutral, everyday word used in both city apartment contexts and traditional neighborhood settings. 邻 relates to proximity and adjacency, while 居 means "to reside / dwell." Meanings [noun] Neighbor; next-door resident; someone living nearby. Example Sentences 我的邻居是一对年轻夫妻。 Wǒ de línjū shì yī duì niánqīng fūqī. My neighbor is a young...
放心 (fàngxīn) — to rest assured; to stop worrying
放心 (fàngxīn) 放心 means to let go of worry and feel at ease about something or someone. Meanings [verb] to rest assured; to stop worrying; to feel relieved Example Sentences 你放心，我会照顾好她的。 Nǐ fàngxīn, wǒ huì zhàogù hǎo tā de. You can rest assured, I will take good care of her. 妈妈说放心吧，一切都会好的。 Māma shuō fàngxīn ba, yīqiē dōu huì hǎo de. Mom said don't worry, everything will be fine. 听到他平安到达，我才放心了。 Tīng...
增长 (zēngzhǎng) — to grow, growth (in quantity)
增长 (zēngzhǎng) 增长 describes quantitative growth or increase, typically referring to measurable increases in numbers, rates, or amounts such as GDP, population, or income. Meanings [verb] to grow, to increase (in quantity or measure) [noun] growth, increase (in quantity or measure) Example Sentences 去年，该国的GDP增长了百分之六点五。 Qùnián, gāi guó de GDP zēngzhǎng le bǎifēnzhī liù diǎn wǔ. Last year, the country's GDP grew by 6.5 percent. 人口的快速增长给城市基础设施带来了巨大压力。 Rénkǒu de kuàisù zēngzhǎng gěi...
亏损 (kuīsǔn) — loss; deficit; to lose money
亏损 (kuīsǔn) 亏损 refers to a financial loss or deficit, describing a situation where expenditure exceeds income or where a business operates at a loss. Meanings [verb] to suffer a loss; to operate at a loss; to run a deficit [noun] loss; deficit; shortfall (in financial terms) Example Sentences 该公司连续三年亏损，股价一落千丈，投资者信心大受打击。 Gāi gōngsī liánxù sān nián kuīsǔn, gǔjià yī luò qiān zhàng, tóuzīzhě xìnxīn dà shòu dǎjī. The company suffered losses...
碳中和 (tàn zhōnghé) — carbon neutrality
碳中和 (tàn zhōnghé) 碳中和 refers to achieving a net-zero balance between carbon dioxide emitted and carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere, a central goal of global climate policy. Meanings [noun] carbon neutrality; net-zero carbon emissions Example Sentences 中国承诺在2060年前实现碳中和目标。 Zhōngguó chéngnuò zài 2060 nián qián shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé mùbiāo. China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. 实现碳中和需要能源结构的根本性转变。 Shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé xūyào néngyuán jiégòu de gēnběnxìng zhuǎnbiàn. Achieving carbon neutrality...
黑 (hēi) — black, dark
黑 (hēi) 黑 means black or dark. It describes the color black as well as darkness caused by absence of light. As an adjective it comes directly before a noun or after 很. Meanings [adjective] Black (the color). [adjective] Dark (lacking light). Example Sentences 他有一件黑衣服。 Tā yǒu yī jiàn hēi yīfu. He has a black shirt. 外面很黑，要小心。 Wàimiàn hěn hēi, yào xiǎoxīn. It is very dark outside, be careful. 那只猫是黑色的。...
推进 (tuījìn) — to advance, to push forward
推进 (tuījìn) To push something forward in a deliberate, organized way -- used for projects, reforms, and policies that require sustained effort over time. Meanings [verb] to advance, to push forward, to drive (a plan or process) Example Sentences 政府正在积极推进绿色能源改革。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài jījí tuījìn lǜsè néngyuán gǎigé. The government is actively pushing forward green energy reforms. 这个项目的推进速度超出了预期。 Zhège xiàngmù de tuījìn sùdù chāochūle yùqī. The pace at which this project...
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance
意义 (yìyì) 意义 refers to the deeper significance, value, or purpose behind something, going beyond surface-level meaning (unlike 意思 yìsi, which is more about literal meaning). Meanings [noun] meaning; significance; importance; value Example Sentences 这件事对我有很重要的意义。 Zhè jiàn shì duì wǒ yǒu hěn zhòngyào de yìyì. This matter holds great significance for me. 帮助别人是一件很有意义的事情。 Bāngzhù biérén shì yī jiàn hěn yǒu yìyì de shìqing. Helping others is a very meaningful thing....
刻板印象 (kèbǎn yìnxiàng) — stereotype
刻板印象 (kèbǎn yìnxiàng) 刻板印象 refers to a fixed and oversimplified generalization about a particular group of people. It is a key concept in social psychology and discussions about discrimination and identity. Unlike 偏见 (prejudice), which is emotional, 刻板印象 is primarily cognitive — it is about how people categorize and simplify social information. Meanings noun stereotype, fixed image, oversimplified generalization about a group Example Sentences 刻板印象往往忽视了个体差异。 Kèbǎn yìnxiàng wǎngwǎng hūshì le...
举办 (jǔbàn) — to hold; to host (an event)
举办 (jǔbàn) 举办 means to hold or host an organized event such as a conference, exhibition, competition, or ceremony. It implies that the subject is the organizer and host of a formal activity. It is more formal than 开 and more specific than 组织 in that it always refers to events. Meanings [verb] To hold; to host; to organize and run (an event or activity). Example Sentences 这座城市将于明年举办国际马拉松赛事。 Zhè zuò...
谋划 (móuhuà) — to scheme; to plan strategically
谋划 (móuhuà) 谋划 means to plan carefully and strategically, often implying calculated, deliberate thought about how to achieve a significant goal -- it can be neutral (strategic planning) or subtly negative (scheming). Meanings [verb] to plan strategically; to scheme; to devise Example Sentences 领导层正在谋划公司下一阶段的发展战略。 Lǐngdǎocéng zhèngzài móuhuà gōngsī xià yī jiēduàn de fāzhǎn zhànlüè. The leadership is strategically planning the company's development strategy for the next phase. 他精心谋划了这次商业并购行动。 Tā jīngxīn...
电子邮件 (diànzǐ yóujiàn) — email
电子邮件 (diànzǐ yóujiàn) 电子邮件 means email or electronic mail. 电子 means electronic and 邮件 means mail or postal item. It can be shortened informally to 邮件 in context. Meanings [noun] Email; electronic mail. Example Sentences 我给他发了一封电子邮件。 Wǒ gěi tā fā le yī fēng diànzǐ yóujiàn. I sent him an email. 请把文件用电子邮件发给我。 Qǐng bǎ wénjiàn yòng diànzǐ yóujiàn fā gěi wǒ. Please send me the document by email. 我每天早上检查电子邮件。 Wǒ měitiān...
方法 (fāngfǎ) — method
方法 (fāngfǎ) 方法 means a method or approach — a systematic or deliberate way of doing something. It is more structured than 办法 (bànfǎ — way to deal with something), which is more casual and practical. Meanings [noun] Method; way; approach; technique. Example Sentences 你有什么好的学习方法？ Nǐ yǒu shénme hǎo de xuéxí fāngfǎ? Do you have any good study methods? 这种方法效果很好。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ xiàoguǒ hěn hǎo. This method is very...
微妙 (wēimiào) — subtle; delicate; nuanced
微妙 (wēimiào) Subtle or nuanced describes something that is so delicate and complex that it requires careful attention to perceive or understand, often involving fine distinctions or sensitive dynamics. Meanings [adjective] subtle; delicate; nuanced; sensitive; intricate; hard to pin down Example Sentences 两国之间的外交关系变得微妙而复杂。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de wàijiāo guānxi biàn dé wēimiào ér fùzá. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have become subtle and complex. 他注意到她表情中一个微妙的变化，知道她不高兴了。 Tā zhùyì dào...
根本 (gēnběn) — fundamental, root; fundamentally, at all
根本 (gēnběn) A versatile word covering the most basic or essential aspect of something -- and as an adverb, intensifying a negative statement to mean "not at all" or "absolutely not." Meanings [adjective] fundamental, basic, root-level, essential [adverb] fundamentally; (in negative sentences) at all, simply, absolutely not [noun] the root, the foundation, the essence Example Sentences 解决贫困问题，教育才是根本。 Jiějué pínkùn wèntí, jiàoyù cái shì gēnběn. Education is the fundamental solution to...
坐 (zuò) — to sit / to travel by
坐 (zuò) A verb with two common uses: "to sit" (to take a seated position) and "to take/ride" a vehicle. When talking about transportation, 坐 is used with buses, trains, planes, and taxis. Meanings [verb] To sit, to be seated. [verb] To take, to ride (a vehicle such as a bus, train, or plane). Example Sentences 请坐，喝点茶。 Qǐng zuò, hē diǎn chá. Please sit, have some tea. 我每天坐公共汽车上学。 Wǒ měitiān...
统一 (tǒngyī) — unification, unified, to unify
统一 (tǒngyī) 统一 refers to the act of unifying or standardizing, bringing diverse elements together into a single coherent whole, and can describe both political unification and conceptual or operational standardization. Meanings [verb] to unify, to unite, to standardize [adjective] unified, uniform, standard [noun] unification, unity Example Sentences 秦始皇统一了六国，建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权国家。 Qín shǐ huáng tǒngyī le liù guó, jiànlì le Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng dì yīgè zhōngyāng jíquán guójiā. Qin Shi Huang unified...
有效 (yǒuxiào) — effective; valid; efficacious
有效 (yǒuxiào) 有效 describes something that produces the desired result or is legally in force. Meanings [adjective] Effective; producing the intended result. [adjective] Valid; legally or officially in force. Example Sentences 这种方法非常有效。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ fēicháng yǒuxiào. This method is very effective. 你的护照还有效吗？ Nǐ de hùzhào hái yǒuxiào ma? Is your passport still valid? 这个药对感冒很有效。 Zhège yào duì gǎnmào hěn yǒuxiào. This medicine is very effective against colds. 签证的有效期是三个月。 Qiānzhèng...
有效 (yǒuxiào) — effective, valid
有效 (yǒuxiào) Describes something that works as intended and produces real results -- or something that is legally or formally in force. Meanings [adjective] effective, efficacious (producing results) [adjective] valid, in force (legally or formally binding) Example Sentences 这种药物对治疗失眠非常有效。 Zhè zhǒng yàowù duì zhìliáo shīmián fēicháng yǒuxiào. This medication is very effective for treating insomnia. 请在有效期内使用您的优惠券。 Qǐng zài yǒuxiào qī nèi shǐyòng nín de yōuhuìquàn. Please use your coupon within...
方面 (fāngmiàn) — aspect; side
方面 (fāngmiàn) 方面 refers to an aspect, side, or dimension of something, used when discussing different angles of a topic. Meanings [noun] aspect; side; dimension; respect; area Example Sentences 在学习方面，他非常努力。 Zài xuéxí fāngmiàn, tā fēicháng nǔlì. In terms of studying, he works very hard. 这个问题涉及很多方面。 Zhège wèntí shèjí hěn duō fāngmiàn. This issue involves many aspects. 我们要从不同方面分析这个问题。 Wǒmen yào cóng bùtóng fāngmiàn fēnxī zhège wèntí. We need to analyze this...
隐含 (yǐnhán) — to imply; implicit; to contain hidden meaning
隐含 (yǐnhán) 隐含 describes something that is contained or implied within something else without being explicitly stated, and is used in analytical, literary, and philosophical contexts to discuss hidden meanings, assumptions, or implications. Meanings [verb] to imply; to contain hidden meaning; to embed (an idea) [adjective] implicit; hidden; latent; unstated Example Sentences 他的言辞表面平静，却隐含着深刻的批评。 Tā de yáncí biǎomiàn píngjìng, què yǐnhánzhe shēnkè de pīpíng. His words were calm on the surface...
象征 (xiàngzhēng) — symbolism; to symbolize
象征 (xiàngzhēng) 象征 functions as both a noun (a symbol) and a verb (to symbolize). It describes the use of concrete objects, images, or actions to represent abstract concepts. In Chinese literary and cultural discourse, 象征 is central to discussions of poetic imagery and artistic meaning. It differs from 比喻 (bǐyù) in that 比喻 is an explicit comparison, while 象征 implies a deeper, more sustained association between image and meaning....
之后 (zhīhòu) — after; afterwards
之后 (zhīhòu) 之后 means "after" or "afterwards." It marks a point in time that comes after a specific event, action, or moment. It follows a noun, verb phrase, or clause that identifies the reference point. Meanings [adverb] After; afterwards; following — indicates that the main action or event takes place after the stated reference point. Compare 之后 vs 以后 Word Usage 之后 Slightly more formal; always requires a preceding reference...
传达 (chuándá) — to convey; to communicate; to relay
传达 (chuándá) 传达 means to convey, communicate, or relay information, instructions, or feelings from one person or source to another, often used in official, institutional, or interpersonal communication contexts. Meanings [verb] to convey; to communicate; to relay (pass on information, instructions, or messages) [verb] to express; to get across (convey feelings, ideas, or meaning) Example Sentences 请把会议精神传达给没有参加会议的同事。 Qǐng bǎ huìyì jīngshén chuándá gěi méiyǒu cānjiā huìyì de tóngshì. Please relay...
纠结 (jiūjié) — tangled; to agonise over
纠结 (jiūjié) 纠结 originally means to be tangled or entwined. In modern colloquial Chinese it most commonly describes the feeling of being mentally tied up -- unable to decide, dwelling on something, or feeling conflicted between options. Meanings [verb] to agonise over; to dwell on; to be conflicted about; to keep going back and forth [adjective] tangled; conflicted; mentally tied up Example Sentences 她在两所大学之间纠结了很久，最终选择了离家更近的那一所。 Tā zài liǎng suǒ dàxué zhījiān...
做 (zuò) — to do, to make
做 (zuò) 做 is a general-purpose verb meaning to do, to make, or to perform an activity. It is one of the most versatile verbs in Chinese and appears in countless everyday phrases. Meanings [verb] To do (an activity or task). [verb] To make (a physical object or food). [verb] To work as, to be (in a profession): 做老师 (be a teacher). Example Sentences 你在做什么？ Nǐ zài zuò shénme? What...
模型 (móxíng) — model
模型 (móxíng) A representation -- whether physical, mathematical, or conceptual -- that captures the essential features of a system, object, or process for purposes of understanding, prediction, or communication. Meanings [noun] model (physical scale model, mathematical model, conceptual framework, AI model) Example Sentences 科学家建立了一个气候变化的数学模型来预测未来趋势。 Kēxuéjiā jiànlìle yī gè qìhòu biànhuà de shùxué móxíng lái yùcè wèilái qūshì. Scientists have built a mathematical model of climate change to predict future trends....
严格 (yángé) — strict
严格 (yángé) 严格 describes a person, rule, or standard that is strict and allows no deviation. It implies high expectations enforced consistently. It can be used for people (a strict teacher), standards (strict requirements), or behavior (strict discipline). Meanings [adjective] Strict; rigorous; demanding; exacting. Example Sentences 我的老师对我们非常严格。 Wǒ de lǎoshī duì wǒmen fēicháng yángé. My teacher is very strict with us. 这里的规定很严格，必须遵守。 Zhèlǐ de guīdìng hěn yángé, bìxū zūnshǒu. The...
平均 (píngjūn) — average; equal; per capita
平均 (píngjūn) 平均 refers to an equal distribution or the mathematical average of a set of values. Meanings [adj/noun/verb] average; equal; per capita; to distribute evenly; the mean Example Sentences 这个班同学的平均年龄是十七岁。 Zhège bān tóngxué de píngjūn niánlíng shì shíqī suì. The average age of students in this class is seventeen. 我每天平均睡七个小时。 Wǒ měitiān píngjūn shuì qī gè xiǎoshí. I sleep an average of seven hours every day. 把这些苹果平均分给大家。 Bǎ zhèxiē...
模型 (móxíng) — model; template
模型 (móxíng) 模型 refers to a model or template, either a physical small-scale replica or a conceptual framework used as a reference. Meanings [noun] model; template; a physical replica or conceptual framework serving as a reference or example Example Sentences 他做了一个飞机模型送给儿子。 Tā zuò le yī gè fēijī móxíng sòng gěi érzi. He made a model airplane to give to his son. 这个经济模型可以预测市场趋势。 Zhège jīngjì móxíng kěyǐ yùcè shìchǎng qūshì. This...
由于 (yóuyú) — due to; because of; owing to
由于 (yóuyú) 由于 means "due to," "because of," or "owing to." It introduces a cause or reason and is more formal and written than 因为. The result clause is often introduced by 所以, 因此, or 才. Meanings [preposition/conjunction] Due to; because of; owing to; as a result of — introduces the cause of a situation, often in formal or written contexts. Compare 由于 vs 因为 Word Style Notes 由于 Formal...
二 (èr) — two
二 (èr) The number two; use 二 for standalone counting, ordinals, phone numbers, and positions in compound numbers. Use 两 (liǎng) when directly preceding a measure word (两个人, two people) or in quantities. Meanings [number] Two, the digit 2. Key Distinction: 二 vs. 两 二 is used when counting (一、二、三), in ordinals (第二, second), in compound numbers (二十, 20; 一百二, 120), and in phone or ID numbers. 两 is used...
深刻 (shēnkè) — deep; profound; incisive
深刻 (shēnkè) 深刻 describes something that is profound, penetrating, or deeply perceptive. It is used to describe insights, impressions, analyses, lessons, and experiences that go well beneath the surface and leave a lasting impact on one's understanding. Meanings [adjective] Profound; deep; incisive; penetrating; deeply felt. Example Sentences 这部小说对人性的描写非常深刻，读完让人久久难以忘怀。 Zhè bù xiǎoshuō duì rénxìng de miáoxiě fēicháng shēnkè, dú wán ràng rén jiǔjiǔ nányǐ wànghuái. This novel's portrayal of human nature...
深刻 (shēnkè) — Profound, deep, incisive
深刻 (shēnkè) 深刻 describes something that is profound, deeply meaningful, or incisive -- it is used for ideas, impressions, experiences, and analyses that go beyond the surface and leave a lasting or significant impact. Meanings [adj] profound; deep; incisive; penetrating; deeply felt Example Sentences 这部电影留给我非常深刻的印象。 Zhè bù diànyǐng liú gěi wǒ fēicháng shēnkè de yìnxiàng. This film left a very profound impression on me. 他对社会问题的分析深刻而犀利。 Tā duì shèhuì wèntí de...
毛巾 (máojīn) — towel
毛巾 (máojīn) 毛巾 means towel. It refers to the cloth used for drying the body after bathing or washing. 毛 means hair or fuzz (referring to the fluffy terry texture), and 巾 means cloth or kerchief. In Chinese hotels it is standard to find 毛巾 (face or hand towels) and 浴巾 (bath towels) separately in the bathroom. In daily life many Chinese households have dedicated 毛巾 for the face and...
大 (dà) — big / large
大 (dà) An adjective meaning "big," "large," or "great" in size, age, or degree. It is one of the first adjectives learners encounter and appears in countless compounds. Its antonym is 小 (xiǎo), meaning "small." Meanings [adjective] Big, large (in size or scale). [adjective] Old, grown (used for age, especially of people). Example Sentences 这是一个大城市。 Zhè shì yīgè dà chéngshì. This is a big city. 我的包很大。 Wǒ de bāo hěn...
饭馆 (fànguǎn) — restaurant
饭馆 (fànguǎn) A restaurant or eatery where cooked food is served to customers. 饭馆 typically refers to a small to mid-size Chinese restaurant. Meanings [noun] Restaurant, eatery. A place where meals are prepared and served to paying guests. Example Sentences 我们去饭馆吃饭吧。 Wǒmen qù fànguǎn chīfàn ba. Let's go to the restaurant to eat. 这家饭馆的菜很好吃。 Zhè jiā fànguǎn de cài hěn hǎochī. The food at this restaurant is delicious. 饭馆里人很多。 Fànguǎn...
病人 (bìngrén) — patient, sick person
病人 (bìngrén) 病人 refers to someone who is sick or who is receiving medical care. It is one of the most common words in medical contexts and is used in both formal and everyday speech. Meanings [noun] patient; a sick person receiving or needing medical treatment Example Sentences 医院里有很多病人在等待治疗。 Yīyuàn lǐ yǒu hěn duō bìngrén zài děngdài zhìliáo. There are many patients in the hospital waiting for treatment. 护士每天要照顾几十个病人。 Hùshi...
温度 (wēndù) — temperature
温度 (wēndù) 温度 means temperature. It refers to the measurable degree of heat or cold in an object, body, or environment. 温 means warm or temperature, and 度 means degree. Related words include 气温 (air temperature), 体温 (body temperature), and 室温 (room temperature). China uses the Celsius scale, so when someone says 今天三十五度 (35 degrees today), they mean 35 degrees Celsius, which is very hot. Meanings [noun] Temperature; the degree...
构建 (gòujiàn) — to build; to construct
构建 (gòujiàn) 构建 means to construct or build something deliberately and systematically, and is most often used for abstract constructions such as systems, frameworks, theories, and social relationships. Meanings [verb] to construct; to build; to create in a systematic way [verb] to establish (a framework, system, model, or relationship) Example Sentences 政府致力于构建更完善的社会保障体系。 Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú gòujiàn gèng wánshàn de shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì. The government is committed to constructing a more...
卓越 (zhuóyuè) — outstanding, excellent
卓越 (zhuóyuè) 卓越 describes exceptional quality or achievement that stands far above the average or expected standard, indicating genuine distinction and superiority. Meanings [adjective] outstanding, excellent, exceptional, distinguished Example Sentences 这位科学家以其卓越的研究成就获得了诺贝尔奖。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā yǐ qí zhuóyuè de yánjiū chéngjiù huòdé le Nuòbèi'ěr Jiǎng. This scientist won the Nobel Prize for his outstanding research achievements. 公司的卓越表现源于其对质量和创新的不懈追求。 Gōngsī de zhuóyuè biǎoxiàn yuányú qí duì zhìliàng hé chuàngxīn de bùxiè zhuīqiú. The...
年 (nián) — year
年 (nián) The word for year, used in dates, durations, and ages; it functions as both a noun and a time measure word, so no additional measure word is needed (三年 = three years, not 三个年). Meanings [noun] Year (calendar year or a period of 12 months). [noun] Age (in the sense of years of life, though 岁 is more common for age). [noun] New Year (in compounds: 新年, 过年)....
大夫 (dàifu) — doctor
大夫 (dàifu) 大夫 means doctor or physician. Importantly, in this medical sense it is pronounced dàifu (not dàfū). It is the common spoken term in Northern China. The more formal and standard Mandarin word for doctor is 医生 (yīshēng), which is used across all regions and in writing. Meanings [noun] Doctor; physician (spoken, especially in Northern China). Example Sentences 大夫说我需要休息几天。 Dàifu shuō wǒ xūyào xiūxi jǐ tiān. The doctor said...
理论 (lǐlùn) — theory; in theory
理论 (lǐlùn) 理论 means a theory or theoretical framework, referring to a set of ideas that explains how something works. Meanings [noun] theory; a systematic set of ideas that explains phenomena or guides practice Example Sentences 这个理论已经被很多实验证明了。 Zhège lǐlùn yǐjīng bèi hěn duō shíyàn zhèngmíng le. This theory has been proven by many experiments. 理论和实践同样重要。 Lǐlùn hé shíjiàn tóngyàng zhòngyào. Theory and practice are equally important. 他在理论研究方面有很深的造诣。 Tā zài lǐlùn...
理论 (lǐlùn) — theory
理论 (lǐlùn) 理论 refers to a systematic body of ideas or principles used to explain phenomena or guide practice, encompassing both scientific theory and general theoretical frameworks. Meanings [noun] theory, theoretical framework (organized explanatory principles) [adjective] theoretical (as in 理论上, in theory) Example Sentences 达尔文的进化理论从根本上改变了人类对生命起源的认识。 Dá'ěrwén de jìnhuà lǐlùn cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le rénlèi duì shēngmìng qǐyuán de rènshi. Darwin's theory of evolution fundamentally changed human understanding of the...
专业人士 (zhuānyè rénshì) — Professional / expert
专业人士 (zhuānyè rénshì) 专业人士 refers to a person who has specialized training or expertise in a particular field — a professional or expert. Meanings [noun] professional, expert, specialist (in a given field) Example Sentences 遇到法律问题，最好咨询专业人士。 Yùdào fǎlǜ wèntí, zuìhǎo zīxún zhuānyè rénshì. When you encounter legal issues, it is best to consult a professional. 这个项目需要很多不同领域的专业人士参与。 Zhège xiàngmù xūyào hěn duō bùtóng lǐngyù de zhuānyè rénshì cānyù. This project requires professionals...
满意 (mǎnyì) — satisfied, content
满意 (mǎnyì) 满意 means satisfied or content, used when something meets your expectations or desires. 满 means "full/filled" and 意 means "intention/meaning," together conveying "filled with the intended result." Meanings [adjective] Satisfied, content, pleased. Example Sentences 我对这个结果很满意。 Wǒ duì zhège jiéguǒ hěn mǎnyì. I am very satisfied with this result. 老师对学生的表现很满意。 Lǎoshī duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn hěn mǎnyì. The teacher is very satisfied with the students' performance. 你满意吗？ Nǐ mǎnyì...
组织 (zǔzhī) — to organize; organization
组织 (zǔzhī) 组织 means both to organize (the act of arranging things in a structured way) and an organization (a structured group of people with a shared purpose). It is used in political, social, professional, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] To organize; to arrange; to coordinate; to form. [noun] Organization; body; institution. Example Sentences 学校组织了一次参观博物馆的活动，深受同学们欢迎。 Xuéxiào zǔzhī le yī cì cānguān bówùguǎn de huódòng, shēn shòu tóngxuémen huānyíng. The school...
合伙人 (héhuǒrén) — partner; business partner
合伙人 (héhuǒrén) 合伙人 refers to a business partner or co-investor who shares in a venture, its risks, and its profits. Meanings [noun] a business partner or person who joins in a shared enterprise or venture Example Sentences 他找到了一个可靠的合伙人来共同创业。 Tā zhǎodào le yīgè kěkào de héhuǒrén lái gòngtóng chuàngyè. He found a reliable business partner to start a venture together. 两位合伙人对公司的发展方向产生了分歧。 Liǎng wèi héhuǒrén duì gōngsī de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng chǎnshēng le...
热爱 (rè'ài) — to love deeply
热爱 (rè'ài) 热爱 expresses a deep, passionate love for something, stronger than 喜欢 (xǐhuān) or 爱 (ài) alone. Meanings [verb] to love deeply; to be passionate about something Example Sentences 我热爱音乐，每天都要练习。 Wǒ rè'ài yīnyuè, měitiān dōu yào liànxí. I am passionate about music and practice every day. 他热爱自己的工作，从不感到累。 Tā rè'ài zìjǐ de gōngzuò, cóng bù gǎndào lèi. He deeply loves his work and never feels tired. 她从小热爱绘画，长大后成了画家。 Tā cóng xiǎo...
比喻 (bǐyù) — metaphor; to use a metaphor
比喻 (bǐyù) 比喻 is the umbrella term in Chinese for figurative comparison, covering both simile (明喻, míngyù) and metaphor (暗喻, ànyù). As a verb it means to describe or explain something by comparing it to something else; as a noun it refers to the comparison itself. It is a fundamental rhetorical device taught in Chinese language education and appears frequently in literary analysis and everyday speech. Meanings [n] metaphor; simile;...
关心 (guānxīn) — to care about
关心 (guānxīn) 关心 means to care about or show concern for someone. It conveys warmth and personal investment, and is used in both family and social contexts. Meanings [verb] To care about; to show concern for; to be concerned with. Example Sentences 她非常关心她的学生。 Tā fēicháng guānxīn tā de xuésheng. She cares deeply about her students. 谢谢你关心我。 Xièxiè nǐ guānxīn wǒ. Thank you for caring about me. 父母总是关心孩子的健康。 Fùmǔ zǒngshì guānxīn...
既然…就 (jìrán…jiù) — Since...then
既然…就 (jìrán…jiù) 既然…就 is a grammar pattern that expresses a logical conclusion drawn from an already-established or accepted fact. It translates as "since (it is already the case that)...then..." Structure 既然 + [accepted premise/fact] + 就 + [logical conclusion or action] The 既然 clause introduces a fact or situation that is already accepted as true or has already happened. The 就 clause then draws a natural conclusion or recommended action...
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance; purpose
意义 (yìyì) 意义 refers to the deeper meaning, significance, or value of something, going beyond simple dictionary definitions to encompass purpose and importance. Meanings [noun] Meaning; significance; purpose (the deeper value or importance of something). Example Sentences 这项工作对社会有重要的意义。 Zhè xiàng gōngzuò duì shèhuì yǒu zhòngyào de yìyì. This work has important significance for society. 他认为旅行的意义在于了解不同文化。 Tā rènwéi lǚxíng de yìyì zàiyú liǎojiě bùtóng wénhuà. He believes the meaning of travel...
信念 (xìnniàn) — belief, conviction
信念 (xìnniàn) 信念 refers to a deeply held belief or conviction that shapes a person's worldview and guides their decisions. It goes beyond casual opinion and implies a strong inner commitment. People often rely on their 信念 to persevere through difficult circumstances. Meanings noun belief, conviction, firm faith in an idea or principle Example Sentences 他的信念从未动摇过。 Tā de xìnniàn cóng wèi dòngyáo guò. His conviction has never wavered. 坚定的信念帮助她度过了困难时期。 Jiāndìng...
解说 (jiěshuō) — to explain; to comment; to narrate
解说 (jiěshuō) 解说 means "to explain," "to comment," or "to narrate" and is often used for providing spoken commentary or interpretation of events, exhibits, or broadcasts. Meanings [verb] to explain; to interpret; to provide commentary [noun] commentary; narration; explanation Example Sentences 导游正在解说这座古建筑的历史。 Dǎoyóu zhèngzài jiěshuō zhè zuò gǔ jiànzhú de lìshǐ. The tour guide is explaining the history of this ancient building. 比赛时有专业解说员为观众讲解。 Bǐsài shí yǒu zhuānyè jiěshuō yuán wèi...
方法 (fāngfǎ) — method; way; approach
方法 (fāngfǎ) 方法 means a method, way, or approach used to accomplish a task or solve a problem. Meanings [noun] method; way; approach; a procedure or technique for achieving a goal Example Sentences 这个方法非常有效。 Zhège fāngfǎ fēicháng yǒuxiào. This method is very effective. 你有没有更好的方法？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu gèng hǎo de fāngfǎ? Do you have a better method? 学习语言需要正确的方法。 Xuéxí yǔyán xūyào zhèngquè de fāngfǎ. Learning a language requires the right...
负责 (fùzé) — to be responsible for; in charge of
负责 (fùzé) 负责 describes bearing responsibility for something, either by being assigned to manage it or by being accountable for its outcome. Meanings [verb] To be responsible for, to be in charge of, to take responsibility. [adjective] Responsible, conscientious (when used to describe a person's attitude). Example Sentences 她负责整个项目的协调工作，任务繁重但表现出色。 Tā fùzé zhěnggè xiàngmù de xiétiáo gōngzuò, rènwu fánzhòng dàn biǎoxiàn chūsè. She is responsible for coordinating the entire project —...
保证 (bǎozhèng) — to guarantee / to ensure
保证 (bǎozhèng) To make a firm promise or guarantee that something will happen or that something meets a standard. Meanings [verb] To guarantee, to ensure, to promise. [noun] Guarantee, assurance, warranty. Example Sentences 我保证明天准时到达。 Wǒ bǎozhèng míngtiān zhǔnshí dàodá. I guarantee I will arrive on time tomorrow. 这家公司保证产品质量。 Zhè jiā gōngsī bǎozhèng chǎnpǐn zhìliàng. This company guarantees product quality. 你能保证不再迟到吗？ Nǐ néng bǎozhèng bù zài chídào ma? Can you guarantee...
药物 (yàowù) — medicine; drug
药物 (yàowù) 药物 is the formal, technical term for a drug or pharmaceutical substance used to treat, prevent, or diagnose illness. It covers both prescription medicines and more general pharmaceutical compounds. Meanings [noun] medicine; drug; pharmaceutical substance; medication Example Sentences 这种新型药物在临床试验中表现出对癌细胞的显著抑制作用。 Zhè zhǒng xīn xíng yàowù zài línchuáng shìyàn zhōng biǎoxiàn chū duì ái xìbāo de xiǎnzhù yìzhì zuòyòng. This new drug showed a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells...
生产 (shēngchǎn) — to produce; production
生产 (shēngchǎn) 生产 refers to the manufacturing, creation, or output of goods and is a foundational term in economics, industry, and agriculture. Meanings [verb] to produce; to manufacture [noun] production; output Example Sentences 这家工厂每天生产数千辆汽车。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng měitiān shēngchǎn shù qiān liàng qìchē. This factory produces thousands of cars every day. 提高生产效率是企业的重要目标。 Tígāo shēngchǎn xiàolǜ shì qǐyè de zhòngyào mùbiāo. Improving production efficiency is an important goal for enterprises. 农业生产受到气候变化的严重影响。...
研讨 (yántǎo) — to discuss; to deliberate
研讨 (yántǎo) 研讨 means to conduct research-based discussion or deliberation on a topic, and is most associated with formal academic, professional, or policy-making contexts like seminars and workshops. Meanings [verb] to research and discuss; to deliberate; to examine through seminar-style discourse [verb] to workshop; to collectively analyze and debate (a problem or topic) Example Sentences 各国代表聚集一堂，研讨气候变化的应对策略。 Gèguó dàibiǎo jùjí yītáng, yántǎo qìhòu biànhuà de yìngduì cèlüè. Representatives from various countries...
政治 (zhèngzhì) — politics, political
政治 (zhèngzhì) The realm of government, governance, and public affairs -- a word that appears constantly in news, history, and social science contexts. Meanings [noun] politics, political affairs [adjective] political (when modifying a noun) Example Sentences 他从小就对政治感兴趣，立志成为一名政治家。 Tā cóngxiǎo jiù duì zhèngzhì gǎn xìngqù, lìzhì chéngwéi yī míng zhèngzhìjiā. He has been interested in politics since childhood and aspires to become a politician. 这次选举结果将对地区政治格局产生深远影响。 Zhè cì xuǎnjǔ jiéguǒ jiāng duì...
据此 (jùcǐ) — based on this; accordingly; on this basis
据此 (jùcǐ) 据此 is a formal connective expression meaning "based on this" or "accordingly," used to introduce a conclusion, decision, or action that is derived from information or conditions mentioned previously. Meanings [discourse marker] based on this; accordingly; on this basis; therefore (drawing a conclusion from the preceding) Example Sentences 调查结果显示该产品存在严重的安全隐患，相关部门据此决定立即召回所有问题产品。 Diàochá jiéguǒ xiǎnshì gāi chǎnpǐn cúnzài yánzhòng de ānquán yǐnhuàn, xiāngguān bùmén jùcǐ juédìng lìjí zhàohuí suǒyǒu wèntí chǎnpǐn....
实践 (shíjiàn) — practice; to put into practice
实践 (shíjiàn) Practice refers to the actual application of a theory, belief, or method in real-world situations, as opposed to theoretical knowledge alone. Meanings [noun] practice; practical application; real-world experience [verb] to put into practice; to practice; to apply in reality Example Sentences 理论必须与实践相结合才能发挥最大效用。 Lǐlùn bìxū yǔ shíjiàn xiāng jiéhé cái néng fāhuī zuìdà xiàoyòng. Theory must be combined with practice to be most effective. 实践是检验真理的唯一标准。 Shíjiàn shì jiǎnyàn zhēnlǐ...
预算 (yùsuàn) — budget; to budget
预算 (yùsuàn) 预算 means "budget" as a noun and "to budget" as a verb, referring to a planned estimate of how money will be spent or allocated. Meanings [noun] budget; financial plan; estimate [verb] to budget; to plan financially Example Sentences 这个项目的预算是一百万元。 Zhège xiàngmù de yùsuàn shì yī bǎi wàn yuán. The budget for this project is one million yuan. 政府公布了今年的财政预算。 Zhèngfǔ gōngbù le jīnnián de cáizhèng yùsuàn. The government...
零 (líng) — zero
零 (líng) The number zero, used as a standalone digit and as a spoken placeholder between non-consecutive digits in larger numbers (e.g., 105 is 一百零五, not 一百五). Meanings [number] Zero, the digit 0. [number] Odd/fractional remainder (used in compound numbers to bridge a gap: 一百零一 = 101). Example Sentences 今天的气温是零下三度。 Jīntiān de qìwēn shì líng xià sān dù. Today's temperature is minus three degrees. 我的手机号码里有三个零。 Wǒ de shǒujī hàomǎ lǐ...
空调 (kōngtiáo) — air conditioner
空调 (kōngtiáo) 空调 means air conditioner or air conditioning. It is short for 空气调节 (kōngqì tiáojié), meaning air regulation. It refers to the appliance that controls indoor temperature and humidity. Meanings [noun] Air conditioner; air conditioning. Example Sentences 天气太热了，开空调吧。 Tiānqì tài rè le, kāi kōngtiáo ba. It's too hot; let's turn on the air conditioner. 这个房间的空调坏了。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngtiáo huài le. The air conditioner in this room is broken....
管理 (guǎnlǐ) — to manage; management
管理 (guǎnlǐ) 管理 means to manage or administer, whether it is a team of people, a project, an organization, or one's own time and resources. It implies systematic oversight and the authority to direct. As a noun it refers to management or administration. Meanings [verb] To manage; to administer; to oversee; to supervise. [noun] Management; administration. Example Sentences 这家公司的管理非常规范，员工满意度很高。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de guǎnlǐ fēicháng guīfàn, yuángōng mǎnyì dù hěn...
管理 (guǎnlǐ) — management; to manage
管理 (guǎnlǐ) 管理 means to manage, administer, or supervise people, resources, or systems in an organised and responsible way. It functions as both a verb and a noun in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to manage; to administer; to oversee [noun] management; administration Example Sentences 企业要想持续发展，必须建立科学有效的管理制度。 Qǐyè yào xiǎng chíxù fāzhǎn, bìxū jiànlì kēxué yǒuxiào de guǎnlǐ zhìdù. For an enterprise to develop sustainably, it must establish a scientific and effective management...
增长 (zēngzhǎng) — to grow; to increase; growth
增长 (zēngzhǎng) 增长 describes a rise or increase in something, particularly in measurable quantities such as population, income, or knowledge. Meanings [verb] to grow; to increase — to become greater in number, amount, or degree [noun] growth; increase — the act or result of growing in size, amount, or extent Example Sentences 今年的销售额增长了百分之二十。 Jīnnián de xiāoshòu'é zēngzhǎng le bǎifēnzhī èrshí. Sales revenue grew by twenty percent this year. 人口增长给环境带来了压力。 Rénkǒu...
由于 (yóuyú) — due to, because of
由于 (yóuyú) 由于 is a formal conjunction or preposition used to introduce a cause or reason, equivalent to "due to," "because of," or "owing to" in English. Meanings [conjunction / preposition] due to, because of, owing to, as a result of Example Sentences 由于天气原因，比赛被取消了。 Yóuyú tiānqì yuányīn, bǐsài bèi qǔxiāo le. Due to weather reasons, the match was cancelled. 由于他的努力，项目提前完成了。 Yóuyú tā de nǔlì, xiàngmù tíqián wánchéng le. Owing to...
体系 (tǐxì) — system, framework, structure
体系 (tǐxì) 体系 refers to an organized, interconnected system or framework in which all parts work together coherently, and is used for both abstract conceptual systems and concrete organizational structures. Meanings [noun] system, framework, organized structure (of interconnected elements) [noun] a coherent body (of knowledge, rules, institutions) Example Sentences 中国正在积极参与全球治理体系的改革与完善。 Zhōngguó zhèngzài jījí cānyù quánqiú zhìlǐ tǐxì de gǎigé yǔ wánshàn. China is actively participating in the reform and improvement...
股票 (gǔpiào) — stock; share
股票 (gǔpiào) 股票 refers to a share or stock, a financial instrument representing partial ownership in a company. When someone buys 股票, they become a shareholder entitled to dividends and capital gains. It is the standard term in Chinese finance and investment discourse. Meanings [noun] stock; share; equity security Example Sentences 他把大部分积蓄投入股票市场，希望通过投资实现财务自由。 Tā bǎ dàbùfèn jīxù tóurù gǔpiào shìchǎng, xīwàng tōngguò tóuzī shíxiàn cáiwù zìyóu. He put most of his...
呈现 (chéngxiàn) — to present; to appear
呈现 (chéngxiàn) 呈现 means to take on or display a certain state, appearance, or quality, often emphasizing that something comes into view or becomes apparent before observers. Meanings [verb] to present; to exhibit; to appear as; to take on (a state or quality) [verb] to emerge; to come into view; to manifest visually Example Sentences 夕阳下，整座城市呈现出金色的光芒。 Xīyáng xià, zhěng zuò chéngshì chéngxiàn chū jīnsè de guāngmáng. Under the setting sun,...
阐明 (chǎnmíng) — to clarify, to elucidate
阐明 (chǎnmíng) 阐明 means to clarify or elucidate, particularly to make an obscure or complex concept clear and understandable. It suggests bringing light to something that was previously unclear or misunderstood. The word is formal and is most commonly used in academic, political, and professional discourse when explaining principles, positions, or arguments. Meanings [v] to clarify; to elucidate; to make clear [v] to illuminate; to shed light on (a concept...
缺点 (quēdiǎn) — shortcoming
缺点 (quēdiǎn) 缺点 means shortcoming, weakness, or flaw. It refers to a negative quality or deficiency in a person, plan, or thing. Its opposite is 优点 (yōudiǎn), meaning strength or advantage. Meanings [noun] Shortcoming; weakness; flaw; deficiency; disadvantage. Example Sentences 每个人都有缺点。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu quēdiǎn. Everyone has shortcomings. 这个计划最大的缺点是太贵了。 Zhège jìhuà zuì dà de quēdiǎn shì tài guì le. The biggest flaw in this plan is that it...
权利 (quánlì) — right, entitlement
权利 (quánlì) A legal or moral entitlement that an individual or group possesses -- the right to do something or to be treated in a certain way, as guaranteed by law or ethics. Meanings [noun] right, entitlement, legal right Example Sentences 每个公民都有接受教育的基本权利。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yǒu jiēshòu jiàoyù de jīběn quánlì. Every citizen has the basic right to receive education. 法律明确保障了劳动者的合法权利。 Fǎlǜ míngquè bǎozhàngle láodòngzhě de héfǎ quánlì. The...
租 (zū) — to rent
租 (zū) 租 means to rent as both a verb and noun. It can describe both the act of renting something from someone and the act of leasing something out to someone else, depending on context. Meanings [verb] To rent; to lease; to hire (something from someone). [verb] To rent out; to let (something to someone). [noun] Rent; rental fee. Example Sentences 我想在这里租一间房间。 Wǒ xiǎng zài zhèlǐ zū yī jiān...
权利 (quánlì) — right, entitlement
权利 (quánlì) 权利 refers to a right or entitlement that a person holds, whether legal, civil, or human. It is distinct from 权力 (quánlì with a different character), which means "power or authority." Meanings n right, entitlement, legal right Example Sentences 每个人都有受教育的权利。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu shòu jiàoyù de quánlì. Everyone has the right to receive education. 公民的基本权利受到法律的保护。 Gōngmín de jīběn quánlì shòudào fǎlǜ de bǎohù. Citizens' basic rights...
非正式 (fēizhèngshì) — informal; unofficial
非正式 (fēizhèngshì) 非正式 means "informal" or "unofficial" and describes situations, meetings, language, or relationships that are relaxed and not bound by official rules or protocol. Meanings [adjective] informal; unofficial; casual; not formal Example Sentences 我们进行了一次非正式的会谈。 Wǒmen jìnxíng le yī cì fēizhèngshì de huìtán. We held an informal meeting. 这是非正式场合，不需要穿正装。 Zhè shì fēizhèngshì chǎnghé, bù xūyào chuān zhèngzhuāng. This is an informal occasion; formal attire is not required. 他们通过非正式渠道进行了沟通。 Tāmen tōngguò...
文明 (wénmíng) — civilization; civilized
文明 (wénmíng) 文明 refers to civilization as a noun, or to civilized and cultured behavior as an adjective. Meanings [noun] civilization; a stage of human social development with advanced culture and society [adjective] civilized; cultured; well-mannered Example Sentences 中国有着悠久的文明历史。 Zhōngguó yǒuzhe yōujiǔ de wénmíng lìshǐ. China has a long history of civilization. 请文明使用公共设施。 Qǐng wénmíng shǐyòng gōnggòng shèshī. Please use public facilities in a civilized manner. 古代文明对现代社会影响很大。 Gǔdài wénmíng duì...
理解 (lǐjiě) — to understand; to comprehend
理解 (lǐjiě) 理解 means to understand or comprehend something at a deeper level, going beyond surface recognition to genuine comprehension. Meanings [verb] to understand; to comprehend; to grasp the meaning or significance of something [noun] understanding; comprehension Example Sentences 我完全理解你的感受。 Wǒ wánquán lǐjiě nǐ de gǎnshòu. I completely understand your feelings. 这道数学题我还没理解。 Zhè dào shùxué tí wǒ hái méi lǐjiě. I still haven't understood this math problem. 我们需要互相理解，才能更好地合作。 Wǒmen xūyào...
天气 (tiānqì) — weather
天气 (tiānqì) Weather. 天 means "sky" or "day," and 气 means "air," "breath," or "atmosphere." Together they describe the atmospheric conditions of the sky. Meanings [noun] Weather. The atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time, such as temperature, rain, and wind. Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? What is the weather like today? 明天天气很好。 Míngtiān tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather tomorrow will be nice. 北京的天气很冷。 Běijīng de tiānqì hěn...
垄断 (lǒngduàn) — monopoly; to monopolize
垄断 (lǒngduàn) 垄断 means monopoly or to monopolize -- exclusive control over a market, resource, or activity by one entity, preventing competition. Meanings [noun] monopoly; exclusive control; domination [verb] to monopolize; to dominate exclusively; to corner (a market) Example Sentences 反垄断法旨在防止企业过度集中市场权力。 Fǎn lǒngduàn fǎ zhǐ zài fángzhǐ qǐyè guòdù jízhōng shìchǎng quánlì. Antitrust law aims to prevent companies from concentrating market power excessively. 这家公司垄断了该地区的电信市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī lǒngduàn le gāi...
每 (měi) — every / each
每 (měi) 每 means every or each. It is placed before a measure word or time expression to indicate that something applies to all members of a group without exception. Common patterns include 每天 (every day), 每次 (every time), and 每个人 (every person). Meanings [determiner] Every; each — applies to all members of a set without exception. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang pǎobù. I go running every morning. 每个人都有自己的优点。...
还 (hái) — still, also, in addition
还 (hái) A versatile adverb with three main uses: "still" (an action continues), "also/in addition" (adding to a list), and "even" (for comparisons). Context determines which meaning applies. Meanings [adverb] Still. Indicates that a situation or action is continuing. [adverb] Also, in addition. Adds more information to a list or description. [adverb] Even (in comparisons). Indicates something is more so than previously stated. Three uses illustrated Use 1: Still (continuing)...
想象力 (xiǎngxiànglì) — imagination; imaginative power
想象力 (xiǎngxiànglì) 想象力 refers to the mental capacity or power to form images, ideas, and concepts not present to the senses, i.e., the imagination, especially in creative, artistic, or intellectual pursuits. Meanings [noun] imagination; imaginative power; creative capacity Example Sentences 儿童时期是培养想象力最关键的阶段，丰富的游戏和阅读体验能激发孩子的创造潜能。 Értóng shíqī shì péiyǎng xiǎngxiànglì zuì guānjiàn de jiēduàn, fēngfù de yóuxì hé yuèdú tǐyàn néng jīfā háizi de chuàngzào qiánnéng. Childhood is the most critical stage for developing...
在于 (zàiyú) — to lie in; to consist in; to depend on
在于 (zàiyú) 在于 expresses that the key factor or essence of something lies in a particular cause or condition, similar to "the point is" or "it all depends on." Meanings [verb] To lie in; to consist in; to depend on (indicates where the key factor is located). Example Sentences 成功的关键在于坚持不懈。 Chénggōng de guānjiàn zàiyú jiānchí bùxiè. The key to success lies in perseverance. 问题的根源在于缺乏沟通。 Wèntí de gēnyuán zàiyú quēfá gōutōng....
差 (chā / chà) — difference; lacking; poor
差 (chā / chà) 差 has two common readings with different meanings. As chā (1st tone) it refers to a difference or gap between two quantities. As chà (4th tone) it means poor quality, substandard, or lacking something. Context and tone are what distinguish them. Meanings [noun] chā Difference; gap. Used in math and in expressions about the gap between two values. [adjective] chà Poor; bad; lacking. Describes something that...
新 (xīn) — new
新 (xīn) An adjective meaning "new," "fresh," or "modern." It describes things that are recently made, acquired, or encountered. Its antonym is 旧 (jiù), meaning "old" (for objects, not people). For people, the antonym is 老 (lǎo). Meanings [adjective] New, fresh, recently made or acquired. Example Sentences 他买了一辆新车。 Tā mǎi le yī liàng xīn chē. He bought a new car. 我认识了一个新朋友。 Wǒ rènshi le yīgè xīn péngyou. I made a...
除非 (chúfēi) — unless; only if; except when
除非 (chúfēi) 除非 is a conjunction meaning "unless" or "only if," used to introduce the one and only condition that would change an outcome or serve as an exception to an otherwise absolute statement. Meanings [conjunction] unless; only if; except when (introduces the single exception or the only condition under which the main clause does not apply, or under which an otherwise impossible outcome becomes possible) Usage Note 除非 introduces...
网络安全 (wǎngluò ānquán) — cybersecurity; network security
网络安全 (wǎngluò ānquán) 网络安全 refers to the protection of computer networks, systems, and data from unauthorised access, cyberattacks, and digital threats. It is a key term in technology, policy, and national security discourse. Meanings [noun] cybersecurity; network security; information security in digital environments Example Sentences 网络安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，直接关系到社会稳定。 Wǎngluò ānquán shì guójiā ānquán de zhòngyào zǔchéng bùfèn, zhíjiē guānxì dào shèhuì wěndìng. Cybersecurity is an important component of national security and directly...
归结 (guījié) — to attribute to; to boil down to
归结 (guījié) 归结 means to trace something back to an underlying cause or principle, or to reduce a complex matter to its essential point, similar to "to boil down to" or "to come down to" in English. Meanings [verb] to attribute to; to trace back to; to reduce to [verb] to come down to; to boil down to (a core issue) Example Sentences 问题的根源可以归结为管理上的失误。 Wèntí de gēnyuán kěyǐ guījié wéi...
这 (zhè) — this
这 (zhè) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "this," pointing to people or things near the speaker; its counterpart for distant things is 那 (nà, that). Meanings [pronoun] This (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] This (before a measure word and noun: 这 + measure word + noun). Example Sentences 这是我的书。 Zhè shì wǒ de shū. This is my book. 这个苹果很甜。 Zhège píngguǒ hěn tián. This apple is...
福利 (fúlì) — welfare; benefits
福利 (fúlì) 福利 refers to benefits, services, or programs designed to improve people's well-being, including both government social welfare and employee benefits provided by employers. Meanings [noun] welfare; benefits; well-being provisions Example Sentences 该公司提供了完善的员工福利，包括医疗保险和带薪假期。 Gāi gōngsī tígōng le wánshàn de yuángōng fúlì, bāokuò yīliáo bǎoxiǎn hé dài xīn jiàqī. The company offers comprehensive employee benefits including health insurance and paid leave. 政府加大了对低收入家庭的社会福利支持力度。 Zhèngfǔ jiādà le duì dīshōurù jiātíng de shèhuì...
进程 (jìnchéng) — process, progress
进程 (jìnchéng) 进程 refers to the course or unfolding of a process, particularly large-scale historical, political, or social processes that advance over time. It is more formal and grand-scale than 过程 (guòchéng, process/course) and implies a forward-moving trajectory. It is common in historical narrative, political analysis, and academic writing. Meanings [n] process, course (the unfolding of a historical or large-scale development) [n] progress, advancement (the degree of progress made in...
不得不 (bùdébù) — Have no choice but to / must
不得不 (bùdébù) 不得不 expresses that someone has no alternative but to do something, conveying a sense of reluctant necessity or compulsion. Meanings [adverb] have no choice but to; cannot but; must (reluctantly) Example Sentences 下雨了，我不得不取消野餐计划。 Xià yǔ le, wǒ bùdébù qǔxiāo yěcān jìhuà. It rained, so I had no choice but to cancel the picnic plan. 因为生病，他不得不请假。 Yīnwèi shēngbìng, tā bùdébù qǐngjià. Because he was sick, he had no choice...
严谨 (yánjǐn) — rigorous; meticulous; precise
严谨 (yánjǐn) 严谨 describes a careful, thorough, and precise approach to work, scholarship, or thought, often used to praise the quality of academic work, research methodology, or a person's working style. Meanings [adjective] rigorous; meticulous; precise (describing thoroughness and care in work or thinking) [adjective] well-organized; tight; logically consistent (describing writing or argumentation) Example Sentences 这位教授的学术态度非常严谨，每一个数据都经过反复核实。 Zhè wèi jiàoshòu de xuéshù tàidù fēicháng yánjǐn, měi yī gè shùjù dōu jīngguò...
严格 (yángé) — strict; rigorous; stern
严格 (yángé) 严格 describes a person, rule, or standard that demands exact and thorough compliance without leniency. Meanings [adjective] Strict; rigorous; stern; demanding. Example Sentences 这所学校的纪律非常严格。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào de jìlǜ fēicháng yángé. The discipline at this school is very strict. 他对自己的要求很严格。 Tā duì zìjǐ de yāoqiú hěn yángé. He has very strict requirements for himself. 父母严格要求孩子并不是坏事。 Fùmǔ yángé yāoqiú háizi bìng bù shì huàishì. It is not a bad...
流行病 (liúxíngbìng) — epidemic, pandemic
流行病 (liúxíngbìng) 流行病 refers to an epidemic or pandemic — a disease that spreads rapidly and widely among a population. It became especially prominent in global vocabulary after recent health crises. Meanings [noun] epidemic; pandemic; a widely spreading infectious disease Example Sentences 这次流行病在全世界范围内造成了很大的影响。 Zhè cì liúxíngbìng zài quán shìjiè fànwéi nèi zàochéng le hěn dà de yǐngxiǎng. This epidemic had a huge impact across the world. 历史上出现过许多严重的流行病。 Lìshǐ shàng chūxiàn...
反之 (fǎnzhī) — conversely; on the contrary
反之 (fǎnzhī) 反之 is a formal connective used to introduce a contrasting or opposite situation, equivalent to "conversely," "on the contrary," or "otherwise" in English. Meanings [conjunction] conversely; on the contrary; otherwise (introduces the opposite case) Example Sentences 如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩；反之，则会落后。 Rúguǒ nǐ nǔlì xuéxí, jiù huì qǔdé hǎo chéngjì; fǎnzhī, zé huì luòhòu. If you study hard, you will get good grades; conversely, you will fall behind. 团结使人强大，反之则使人软弱。 Tuánjié shǐ rén...
责任 (zérèn) — responsibility / duty
责任 (zérèn) 责任 refers to a responsibility or duty that a person is expected to fulfill and is accountable for. It carries a moral weight — having 责任 means you own the outcome. The key phrases 负责任 (be responsible) and 有责任 (have a responsibility) are very common. Meanings [noun] Responsibility; duty; obligation. [noun] Accountability; blame (when something goes wrong). Example Sentences 父母有责任照顾好自己的孩子。 Fùmǔ yǒu zérèn zhàogù hǎo zìjǐ de háizi....
号 (hào) — number; day of the month
号 (hào) Used in everyday speech for the day of the month (where formal writing uses 日) and for any kind of sequential number or code such as room numbers, phone numbers, and bus routes; in spoken Chinese, 号 is far more common than 日 for dates. Meanings [noun] Day of the month (spoken: 五月三十号 = May 30th). [noun] Number, code, serial number (房间号 = room number; 手机号 = phone...
加班 (jiābān) — to work overtime; overtime
加班 (jiābān) 加班 refers to working beyond regular working hours, either as a verb (to work overtime) or as a noun (overtime work). Meanings [verb] to work overtime — to continue working past the normal end of the workday [noun] overtime — extra work done beyond the regular schedule Example Sentences 我昨天加班到很晚。 Wǒ zuótiān jiābān dào hěn wǎn. I worked overtime until very late yesterday. 他经常加班，很辛苦。 Tā jīngcháng jiābān, hěn...
复习 (fùxí) — to review
复习 (fùxí) 复习 means to review or revise material that has already been studied. It is the standard word for exam revision and reinforcing previously learned content. Meanings [verb] To review; to revise; to go over again. Example Sentences 考试前你需要认真复习。 Kǎoshì qián nǐ xūyào rènzhēn fùxí. You need to review carefully before the exam. 我每天复习当天学的生词。 Wǒ měitiān fùxí dāngtiān xué de shēngcí. I review the new words I learned that...
冷 (lěng) — cold
冷 (lěng) An adjective meaning "cold" in temperature, describing weather, food, water, or a person's sensation of coldness. Its antonym is 热 (rè), meaning "hot." Meanings [adjective] Cold (in temperature, for weather, objects, or bodily sensation). Example Sentences 冬天北京很冷。 Dōngtiān Běijīng hěn lěng. Beijing is very cold in winter. 这杯水太冷了，我想要热水。 Zhè bēi shuǐ tài lěng le, wǒ xiǎng yào rèshuǐ. This glass of water is too cold, I want hot...
修辞 (xiūcí) — rhetoric, rhetorical device
修辞 (xiūcí) 修辞 covers both the broad art of rhetoric (using language effectively and persuasively) and specific rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism, and personification. In Chinese language arts education, 修辞 is a core curriculum topic. It is more technical than simply saying "figures of speech" and implies a systematic study of how language choices affect meaning and impact. Meanings [n] rhetoric; the art of effective language use; a rhetorical...
烹饪 (pēngrèn) — to cook, cooking
烹饪 (pēngrèn) 烹饪 refers to the act or art of cooking — applying techniques and heat to prepare food. It is a somewhat formal term compared to the colloquial 做饭 (zuò fàn). Meanings verb/noun to cook; cooking (the preparation of food using heat and technique) Example Sentences 她对烹饪很感兴趣。 Tā duì pēngrèn hěn gǎn xìngqù. She is very interested in cooking. 烹饪课越来越受年轻人欢迎。 Pēngrèn kè yuè lái yuè shòu niánqīngrén huānyíng. Cooking...
评估 (pínggū) — to evaluate; assessment
评估 (pínggū) 评估 refers to a systematic process of assessing, appraising, or evaluating something -- such as risk, performance, value, or impact -- and is a staple term in business, policy, and academic contexts. Meanings [verb] to evaluate; to assess; to appraise [noun] evaluation; assessment; appraisal Example Sentences 公司每年对员工进行绩效评估。 Gōngsī měi nián duì yuángōng jìnxíng jīxiào pínggū. The company conducts annual performance evaluations of its employees. 在投资之前，必须对风险进行充分评估。 Zài tóuzī zhīqián,...
汇报 (huìbào) — to report
汇报 (huìbào) 汇报 means to report work progress or findings to a superior, or the act of making such a report. Meanings [verb] to report; to give a report; to brief (a superior) [noun] a report; a briefing Example Sentences 他每周向经理汇报工作情况。 Tā měi zhōu xiàng jīnglǐ huìbào gōngzuò qíngkuàng. He reports his work progress to the manager every week. 请你明天汇报一下项目进展。 Qǐng nǐ míngtiān huìbào yīxià xiàngmù jìnzhǎn. Please give a...
文体 (wéntǐ) — literary genre, style
文体 (wéntǐ) 文体 refers to the stylistic form or genre of a piece of writing, encompassing both its structural conventions and its expressive register. It is distinct from 风格 (fēnggé), which focuses on an individual author's personal style. 文体 is used in academic and educational contexts to classify texts by type, such as argumentative, narrative, or expository writing. Meanings [n] literary genre or style; the formal type and register of...
才能 (cáinéng) — talent; ability; capability
才能 (cáinéng) 才能 refers to a person's natural talent or developed capability in a particular area. Meanings [noun] talent; ability; capability — the combination of aptitude and skill that enables someone to do something well Example Sentences 她有音乐才能。 Tā yǒu yīnyuè cáinéng. She has musical talent. 他的才能让所有人都感到惊讶。 Tā de cáinéng ràng suǒyǒu rén dōu gǎndào jīngyà. His talent surprised everyone. 每个人都有自己的才能。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu zìjǐ de cáinéng. Every...
汇报 (huìbào) — Report, give a report
汇报 (huìbào) 汇报 means to give a formal report or briefing, typically to a superior or organization. It conveys the act of summarizing information and presenting it upward in a hierarchy. Meanings [verb] to report; to give a briefing; to present a summary to a superior [noun] report; briefing; summary presentation Example Sentences 他每周向经理汇报工作进展情况。 Tā měi zhōu xiàng jīnglǐ huìbào gōngzuò jìnzhǎn qíngkuàng. He reports the progress of his work...
轻松 (qīngsōng) — relaxed / easy
轻松 (qīngsōng) 轻松 describes a state of being relaxed, at ease, or free from burden. It can describe a person's mood (feeling relaxed), an atmosphere (a relaxed setting), or a task (an easy, effortless job). It functions as an adjective and stative verb; 很轻松 (very relaxed / very easy) is especially common. Meanings [adjective] Relaxed; at ease; free from stress or pressure. [adjective] Easy; effortless; not demanding. Example Sentences 周末我喜欢做一些轻松的事情。...
评估 (pínggū) — to evaluate / assessment
评估 (pínggū) 评估 means to evaluate or assess something, or refers to an evaluation or assessment process. Meanings [verb] to evaluate; to assess; to appraise [noun] evaluation; assessment; appraisal Example Sentences 公司每年对员工进行一次评估。 Gōngsī měi nián duì yuángōng jìnxíng yīcì pínggū. The company conducts an annual evaluation of employees. 我们需要认真评估这个计划的风险。 Wǒmen xūyào rènzhēn pínggū zhège jìhuà de fēngxiǎn. We need to carefully evaluate the risks of this plan. 这次项目评估的结果非常理想。 Zhè cì...
段 (duàn) — section; segment; paragraph (measure word)
段 (duàn) 段 is a measure word for sections or segments cut from a longer whole. It counts stretches of road (一段路), paragraphs of text (一段话 / 一段文章), periods of time (一段时间), and segments of things like rope or pipe. The key idea is a delimited portion cut from something continuous. Meanings [mw] Section; segment — a portion of something continuous (road, text, rope, timeline). [mw] Paragraph; passage — used...
害羞 (hàixiū) — shy; bashful; to be embarrassed
害羞 (hàixiū) 害羞 describes the feeling of self-consciousness, shyness, or embarrassment, particularly in social settings. Meanings [adj/verb] shy; bashful; to feel embarrassed; to be timid in front of others Example Sentences 她第一次上台表演，有点害羞。 Tā dì yī cì shàng tái biǎoyǎn, yǒudiǎn hàixiū. It was her first time performing on stage and she was a little shy. 不要害羞，大胆说出你的想法。 Bùyào hàixiū, dǎdǎn shuō chū nǐ de xiǎngfǎ. Don't be shy; boldly express your...
康复 (kāngfù) — to recover; rehabilitation
康复 (kāngfù) Recovery or rehabilitation refers to the process of returning to normal health and functioning after illness, injury, or a difficult period. Meanings [verb] to recover; to recuperate; to return to health [noun] recovery; rehabilitation; convalescence Example Sentences 经过三个月的治疗，他终于康复出院了。 Jīngguò sān gè yuè de zhìliáo, tā zhōngyú kāngfù chūyuànle. After three months of treatment, he finally recovered and was discharged from the hospital. 康复训练帮助他重新获得了行走能力。 Kāngfù xùnliàn bāngzhù tā chóngxīn...
完善 (wánshàn) — to improve; to perfect; perfect; complete
完善 (wánshàn) 完善 describes the process of improving or perfecting something so that it approaches an ideal state, or describes something that is already complete and excellent. Meanings [verb] To improve, to perfect, to refine, to make more complete. [adjective] Perfect, complete, well-developed, comprehensive. Example Sentences 公司正在着手完善售后服务体系，以提升客户的整体满意度。 Gōngsī zhèngzài zhuóshǒu wánshàn shòuhòu fúwù tǐxì, yǐ tíshēng kèhù de zhěngtǐ mǎnyìdù. The company is working to improve its after-sales service system...
完善 (wánshàn) — to improve; perfect; well-rounded
完善 (wánshàn) To perfect or improve something means to make it more complete, thorough, and free of flaws, often referring to systems, policies, or mechanisms. Meanings [verb] to improve; to perfect; to refine; to make more complete [adjective] perfect; well-rounded; comprehensive; fully developed Example Sentences 政府致力于完善社会保障体系。 Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú wánshàn shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì. The government is committed to improving the social security system. 公司需要不断完善内部管理制度。 Gōngsī xūyào bùduàn wánshàn nèibù guǎnlǐ...
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) — move in (toward speaker)
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) 搬进来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 搬 (to move / carry heavy objects) is the base verb; 进来 (come in / enter, toward the speaker) shows that something moves into an enclosed space in the direction of the speaker. Contrast with 搬进去 (move in, away from the speaker). Structure 搬 (move / carry) + 进来 (directional complement: enter toward speaker) = move something in...
工具 (gōngjù) — tool; instrument
工具 (gōngjù) 工具 refers to any physical or abstract tool used to get work done, from a hammer to a language. Meanings [noun] tool; instrument; implement [noun] means; vehicle (for achieving something) Example Sentences 这个工具箱里有很多工具。 Zhège gōngjùxiāng lǐ yǒu hěn duō gōngjù. There are many tools in this toolbox. 语言是人类交流的重要工具。 Yǔyán shì rénlèi jiāoliú de zhòngyào gōngjù. Language is an important tool for human communication. 他用工具把椅子修好了。 Tā yòng gōngjù bǎ...
及时 (jíshí) — timely; in good time; promptly
及时 (jíshí) 及时 describes doing something at the right moment, without letting too much time pass, especially when prompt action is needed. Meanings [adj/adv] timely; in good time; promptly; without delay when the moment calls for it Example Sentences 发现问题后，要及时解决。 Fāxiàn wèntí hòu, yào jíshí jiějué. After discovering a problem, you must resolve it promptly. 幸好他及时赶到，阻止了事故发生。 Xìnghǎo tā jíshí gǎndào, zǔzhǐ le shìgù fāshēng. Fortunately he arrived in time to...
超过 (chāoguò) — to exceed
超过 (chāoguò) 超过 means to exceed or go beyond a certain number, limit, or standard. It is used for quantities, speeds, scores, and any measurable value. Meanings [verb] To exceed; to surpass; to go beyond; to be more than. Example Sentences 今天气温超过了三十五度。 Jīntiān qìwēn chāoguò le sānshíwǔ dù. Today's temperature exceeded 35 degrees. 这次考试她的成绩超过了所有人。 Zhècì kǎoshì tā de chéngjì chāoguò le suǒyǒu rén. Her score this exam surpassed everyone else's....
消费者 (xiāofèizhě) — consumer
消费者 (xiāofèizhě) 消费者 means a consumer, referring to a person who buys and uses goods or services. Meanings [noun] consumer; a person who purchases and uses products or services Example Sentences 消费者的需求决定了市场的发展方向。 Xiāofèizhě de xūqiú juédìng le shìchǎng de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng. Consumer demand determines the direction of market development. 我们要保护消费者的合法权益。 Wǒmen yào bǎohù xiāofèizhě de héfǎ quányì. We must protect the legitimate rights of consumers. 越来越多的消费者选择网上购物。 Yuè lái yuè duō...
狗 (gǒu) — dog
狗 (gǒu) A dog. 狗 is the standard word for a domestic dog. The character contains the animal radical 犭 (a variant of 犬, meaning "dog"), which appears in many animal-related characters. Meanings [noun] Dog. The common domestic canine animal kept as a pet or working animal. Example Sentences 他家有两只狗。 Tā jiā yǒu liǎng zhī gǒu. His family has two dogs. 这只狗叫什么名字？ Zhè zhī gǒu jiào shénme míngzi? What is...
体育 (tǐyù) — sports, physical education
体育 (tǐyù) 体育 refers to physical education as a school subject, as well as sports and athletics in general. It appears in compound words related to sporting events, facilities, and institutions. Meanings n physical education (PE); sports, athletics Example Sentences 我每周有两节体育课。 Wǒ měi zhōu yǒu liǎng jié tǐyù kè. I have two PE classes every week. 体育运动对身体健康非常重要。 Tǐyù yùndòng duì shēntǐ jiànkāng fēicháng zhòngyào. Sports are very important for physical...
早 (zǎo) — early, morning
早 (zǎo) Means early or pertaining to the morning. Used as an adjective describing time, as an adverb modifying a verb, and as an informal morning greeting (早！ = Morning!). The opposite is 晚 (wǎn, late). Meanings [adj] Early, not late. [adv] Early on, long ago already. [greeting] Good morning (short for 早上好). Example Sentences 你今天来得很早。 Nǐ jīntiān lái de hěn zǎo. You arrived very early today. 我早就知道这件事了。 Wǒ zǎo...
老师 (lǎoshī) — teacher
老师 (lǎoshī) A noun meaning teacher. It is also used as a respectful form of address, spoken directly to the teacher just as you might say "Teacher" in English. The word combines 老 (old, experienced) and 师 (master, teacher). Meanings [noun] Teacher, instructor, educator. [address form] Used to address a teacher directly (e.g., 王老师, Teacher Wang). Example Sentences 我的汉语老师是中国人。 Wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī shì Zhōngguó rén. My Chinese teacher is...
动词+不/得+结果 — verb + potential complement
动词+不/得+结果 (Verb + Potential Complement) The potential complement inserts 得 (de) or 不 (bù) between a verb and its result complement to express whether the action can or cannot achieve the intended result. 得 signals possibility; 不 signals impossibility. Structure Affirmative: Verb + 得 + Result Complement Negative: Verb + 不 + Result Complement Common result complements: 完 (wán, finish), 到 (dào, reach/attain), 了 (liǎo, manage to), 懂 (dǒng, understand),...
数据 (shùjù) — data
数据 (shùjù) Information -- especially numerical or statistical -- gathered for reference, analysis, or decision-making; the raw material of the information age. Meanings [noun] data, figures, statistics Example Sentences 研究人员收集了大量数据来支持他们的结论。 Yánjiū rényuán shōujíle dàliàng shùjù lái zhīchí tāmen de jiélùn. The researchers collected a large amount of data to support their conclusions. 这份报告中的数据显示经济正在稳步复苏。 Zhè fèn bàogào zhōng de shùjù xiǎnshì jīngjì zhèngzài wěnbù fùsū. The data in this report shows...
数据 (shùjù) — data; figures; statistics
数据 (shùjù) 数据 refers to data, facts, or figures collected for reference or analysis, used in both everyday and technical contexts to support arguments or decision-making. Meanings [noun] data; figures; statistics; numerical information Example Sentences 这份报告包含了大量的市场数据。 Zhè fèn bàogào bāohánle dàliàng de shìchǎng shùjù. This report contains a large amount of market data. 数据显示，今年的销售额大幅增长。 Shùjù xiǎnshì, jīnnián de xiāoshòu é dàfú zēngzhǎng. Data shows that this year's sales figures have...
生态 (shēngtài) — ecology; ecological
生态 (shēngtài) 生态 describes the ecological balance and state of a natural environment, and is increasingly used in modern Chinese to describe sustainable or healthy systems beyond biology. Meanings [noun] ecology; the ecological state of an environment [adjective] ecological; eco- (used as a modifier) Example Sentences 保护生态环境是每个公民的责任。 Bǎohù shēngtài huánjìng shì měi gè gōngmín de zérèn. Protecting the ecological environment is every citizen's responsibility. 这片森林的生态保持得非常好。 Zhè piàn sēnlín de shēngtài...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute; lovely
可爱 (kě'ài) 可爱 describes something or someone that is cute, adorable, or charming in an endearing way. Meanings [adj] cute; adorable; lovely; charming Example Sentences 这只小狗真可爱！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu zhēn kě'ài! This little dog is so cute! 她的女儿长得很可爱，人人都喜欢她。 Tā de nǚ'ér zhǎng de hěn kě'ài, rén rén dōu xǐhuān tā. Her daughter is very cute and everyone likes her. 你画的小熊猫看起来很可爱。 Nǐ huà de xiǎo xióngmāo kàn qǐlái hěn kě'ài. The...
情况 (qíngkuàng) — situation
情况 (qíngkuàng) 情况 refers to the circumstances or state of affairs — a situation as it currently stands. It is a very common and flexible word used in news, conversation, and formal writing. Meanings [noun] Situation; condition; circumstances; state of affairs. Example Sentences 请说明一下情况。 Qǐng shuōmíng yīxià qíngkuàng. Please explain the situation. 目前的情况还不清楚。 Mùqián de qíngkuàng hái bù qīngchǔ. The current situation is still unclear. 情况有些复杂，需要时间处理。 Qíngkuàng yǒuxiē fùzá, xūyào...
水果 (shuǐguǒ) — fruit
水果 (shuǐguǒ) 水果 is the general word for fruit — the sweet or sour fleshy edible product of plants, typically eaten as a snack or dessert. China has an enormous variety of tropical and temperate fruits. Meanings noun fruit (the sweet or fleshy edible product of a plant) Example Sentences 她每天都吃一些新鲜水果。 Tā měi tiān dōu chī yīxiē xīnxiān shuǐguǒ. She eats some fresh fruit every day. 这家水果店的苹果特别甜。 Zhè jiā shuǐguǒ...
想 (xiǎng) — to want to; to think; to miss
想 (xiǎng) 想 covers three related meanings depending on context. Before another verb it means "want to" or "would like to." Alone or with a topic it means "to think" or "to believe." Before a person or place it means "to miss" (to long for someone or somewhere). Meanings [verb] To want to, would like to (before another verb). [verb] To think, to consider, to have a thought. [verb] To...
现在 (xiànzài) — now, currently
现在 (xiànzài) 现在 means now or currently, referring to the present moment. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or directly before the verb. Meanings [adverb/noun] Now, at present, currently. Example Sentences 现在几点了？ Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le? What time is it now? 我现在很忙。 Wǒ xiànzài hěn máng. I am very busy right now. 现在我们开始上课。 Xiànzài wǒmen kāishǐ shàngkè. Now let's start class. 你现在在哪里？ Nǐ xiànzài zài nǎlǐ? Where...
无论 (wúlùn) — no matter / regardless
无论 (wúlùn) 无论 means no matter or regardless of. It introduces a condition or possibility that does not change the outcome. It must always be followed later in the sentence by 都 or 也 to complete the meaning. The pattern is: 无论 + condition + 都/也 + result. Meanings [conjunction] No matter; regardless of. Always used in the pattern 无论...都/也. Example Sentences 无论多忙，他都会打电话给父母。 Wúlùn duō máng, tā dōu huì dǎ...
学生 (xuéshēng) — Student
学生 (xuéshēng) 学生 is the general term for a student or pupil at any educational level. Meanings [noun] student; pupil; learner Example Sentences 这所学校有三千名学生。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào yǒu sānqiān míng xuéshēng. This school has three thousand students. 老师鼓励学生积极发言。 Lǎoshī gǔlì xuéshēng jījí fāyán. The teacher encourages students to actively speak up. 他是一名非常认真的学生，从不缺课。 Tā shì yī míng fēicháng rènzhēn de xuéshēng, cóng bù quē kè. He is a very conscientious student...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary; common; standard
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or standard. It describes things that are typical and unremarkable. Its most famous compound is 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà), the standard Mandarin Chinese language. As an adjective it appears before nouns (普通的人 — an ordinary person) or after 很 (很普通 — very ordinary/nothing special). Meanings [adj] Ordinary; common — not special, typical of its kind. [adj] Standard; regular — as opposed to premium or specialized. Example...
人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng) — artificial intelligence
人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng) 人工智能 refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems, encompassing machine learning, natural language processing, and other technologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Meanings [noun] artificial intelligence (AI); the field of computer science focused on creating intelligent machines Example Sentences 人工智能技术正在深刻改变医疗、教育、金融等各个行业。 Réngōng zhìnéng jìshù zhèngzài shēnkè gǎibiàn yīliáo, jiàoyù, jīnróng děng gègè hángyè. Artificial intelligence technology is profoundly...
十 (shí) — ten
十 (shí) The number ten; Chinese counting is perfectly logical from ten onward — 十一 (11), 十二 (12), 二十 (20), 二十一 (21) — making arithmetic transparent once you know 一 through 十. Meanings [number] Ten, the digit 10. [adjective] Complete, perfect (in idioms: 十全十美, perfect in every way). Example Sentences 十加十等于二十。 Shí jiā shí děngyú èrshí. Ten plus ten equals twenty. 他学中文学了十年了。 Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle shí nián le. He...
政府 (zhèngfǔ) — government
政府 (zhèngfǔ) 政府 refers to the government as an institution — the body responsible for administering and governing a country, province, or municipality. It is used at all levels from central to local. Meanings n government Example Sentences 政府出台了新的环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn de huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government introduced new environmental protection policies. 市民希望政府能解决交通拥堵问题。 Shìmín xīwàng zhèngfǔ néng jiějué jiāotōng yōngdǔ wèntí. Citizens hope the government can solve traffic congestion...
信息茧房 (xìnxī jiǎnfáng) — information cocoon; filter bubble
信息茧房 (xìnxī jiǎnfáng) 信息茧房 refers to the phenomenon where individuals become enclosed in a self-reinforcing information environment due to algorithmic filtering and selective exposure, limiting their access to diverse viewpoints and creating an "echo chamber" effect. Meanings [noun] information cocoon; filter bubble; echo chamber (the phenomenon of individuals being enclosed in a self-reinforcing, algorithmically curated information environment) Example Sentences 算法推荐系统在提高用户体验的同时，也加剧了信息茧房现象，让人们只看到与自己观点相符的内容。 Suànfǎ tuījiàn xìtǒng zài tígāo yònghù tǐyàn de tóngshí, yě...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economics
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 refers to the economy of a country or region, the field of economics, or colloquially something that is economical or cost-effective. Meanings [noun] Economy; economics; financial situation. [adjective] Economical; cost-effective; thrifty. Example Sentences 中国的经济近年来发展迅速。 Zhōngguó de jīngjì jìnnián lái fāzhǎn xùnsù. China's economy has developed rapidly in recent years. 全球经济正面临很多不确定因素。 Quánqiú jīngjì zhèng miànlín hěn duō bù quèdìng yīnsù. The global economy is currently facing many uncertainties....
成员 (chéngyuán) — member (of a group)
成员 (chéngyuán) 成员 refers to a person who belongs to and is part of a group, team, organization, or family. Meanings [noun] Member; member of a group, team, organization, or family. Example Sentences 我们团队有五名成员。 Wǒmen tuánduì yǒu wǔ míng chéngyuán. Our team has five members. 他是这个组织的正式成员。 Tā shì zhège zǔzhī de zhèngshì chéngyuán. He is a formal member of this organization. 每位家庭成员都有各自的责任。 Měi wèi jiātíng chéngyuán dōu yǒu gèzì de...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economic
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 is the primary Chinese word for economy and economics. As an adjective it can also mean economical or cost-effective. It is one of the most frequent words in modern Chinese media and public discourse. Meanings [noun] economy; economics; economic activity [adjective] economical; affordable; cost-effective Example Sentences 全球经济在新冠疫情后经历了一段艰难的复苏期。 Quánqiú jīngjì zài xīnguān yìqíng hòu jīnglìle yī duàn jiānnán de fùsū qī. The global economy went through a difficult...
爸爸 (bàba) — dad, father
爸爸 (bàba) 爸爸 is the informal, affectionate word for father, equivalent to "dad" or "papa" in English. It is used in everyday speech by children and adults alike. Meanings [noun] Dad, father (informal). Example Sentences 我爸爸是老师。 Wǒ bàba shì lǎoshī. My dad is a teacher. 爸爸，你在哪里？ Bàba, nǐ zài nǎlǐ? Dad, where are you? 我的爸爸很高。 Wǒ de bàba hěn gāo. My father is very tall. 爸爸每天早上开车上班。 Bàba měitiān zǎoshang kāichē...
同事 (tóngshì) — Colleague
同事 (tóngshì) 同事 refers to a person who works at the same organization or company as you. Meanings [noun] colleague; coworker; workmate Example Sentences 我的同事们都非常友好。 Wǒ de tóngshìmen dōu fēicháng yǒuhǎo. My colleagues are all very friendly. 她和同事一起完成了这个项目。 Tā hé tóngshì yīqǐ wánchéngle zhège xiàngmù. She completed this project together with her colleagues. 我跟我的同事关系很好，经常一起吃午饭。 Wǒ gēn wǒ de tóngshì guānxi hěn hǎo, jīngcháng yīqǐ chī wǔfàn. I have a good...
辨析 (biànxī) — to analyze and differentiate
辨析 (biànxī) 辨析 means to analyze and differentiate through careful examination, particularly when distinguishing between similar or easily confused items. It is the standard term used in linguistics and language education for explaining the differences between near-synonyms. The word implies both the act of distinguishing and the process of analytical reasoning that supports that distinction. Meanings [v] to analyze and differentiate; to examine closely and distinguish [v] to discriminate between...
互相 (hùxiāng) — mutually; each other; one another
互相 (hùxiāng) 互相 is an adverb indicating that an action is reciprocal — each party both performs and receives the action in relation to the other. Meanings [adverb] Mutually, each other, one another (indicating a reciprocal relationship). Example Sentences 两国之间需要互相尊重，才能建立起长久稳定的合作关系。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān xūyào hùxiāng zūnzhòng, cái néng jiànlì qǐ chángjiǔ wěndìng de hézuò guānxi. The two countries need to respect each other before they can establish a long-term,...
商店 (shāngdiàn) — shop, store
商店 (shāngdiàn) A shop or store where goods are sold to customers. This word refers to any general retail establishment. Meanings [noun] Shop, store. A place where goods are sold commercially. Example Sentences 商店几点开门？ Shāngdiàn jǐ diǎn kāimén? What time does the shop open? 这个商店很大。 Zhège shāngdiàn hěn dà. This store is very large. 我在商店买了水。 Wǒ zài shāngdiàn mǎile shuǐ. I bought water at the store. 商店里有很多东西。 Shāngdiàn lǐ yǒu...
实例 (shílì) — example; instance; case
实例 (shílì) An instance or example is a specific, concrete case used to illustrate, demonstrate, or explain a general principle or concept. Meanings [noun] example; instance; concrete case; real-world illustration Example Sentences 老师用具体的实例帮助学生理解抽象的概念。 Lǎoshī yòng jùtǐ de shílì bāngzhù xuéshēng lǐjiě chōuxiàng de gàiniàn. The teacher used concrete examples to help students understand abstract concepts. 书中列举了许多成功的商业实例。 Shū zhōng lièjǔle xǔduō chénggōng de shāngyè shílì. The book cites many successful business...
意见 (yìjiàn) — opinion
意见 (yìjiàn) 意见 means opinion, view, or feedback. It is what someone thinks about a topic, plan, or situation. It can be a personal viewpoint or a formal objection or suggestion. Meanings [noun] Opinion; view; feedback; objection. Example Sentences 你有什么意见？ Nǐ yǒu shénme yìjiàn? What are your opinions? 大家的意见不一致，还需要讨论。 Dàjiā de yìjiàn bù yīzhì, hái xūyào tǎolùn. Everyone's opinions are not aligned; more discussion is needed. 请提出你的意见和建议。 Qǐng tíchū nǐ...
医生 (yīshēng) — Doctor
医生 (yīshēng) 医生 is the general term for a medical doctor or physician in Chinese. Meanings [noun] doctor; physician; medical practitioner Example Sentences 医生建议我多休息，少工作。 Yīshēng jiànyì wǒ duō xiūxi, shǎo gōngzuò. The doctor advised me to rest more and work less. 她从小就想成为一名医生。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng yīshēng. She has wanted to become a doctor since she was young. 请问，这里有没有会说英语的医生？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu méiyǒu huì shuō Yīngyǔ...
确认 (quèrèn) — to confirm; to verify
确认 (quèrèn) 确认 means to confirm or verify something with certainty, often involving a deliberate check or acknowledgment, and is used across formal, professional, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to confirm; to verify; to acknowledge [verb] to make certain of; to establish definitively Example Sentences 请您确认一下预订信息。 Qǐng nín quèrèn yīxià yùdìng xìnxi. Please confirm your reservation details. 会议前需要确认所有参会人员名单。 Huìyì qián xūyào quèrèn suǒyǒu cānhuì rényuán míngdān. The list of all...
比较…一点 (bǐjiào...yīdiǎn) — comparatively... a bit
比较…一点 (bǐjiào...yīdiǎn) 比较 (bǐjiào) means "relatively" or "comparatively" and softens an adjective. Adding 一点 (yīdiǎn, a bit) at the end further reduces the strength of the statement, making it more modest or polite. The combination is natural when expressing a mild preference or gentle criticism. Structure Subject + 比较 + Adjective + 一点 一点 may also appear after a comparison: A + 比 + B + Adjective + 一点 (A...
确认 (quèrèn) — to confirm; to verify; confirmation
确认 (quèrèn) 确认 means to confirm or verify, establishing beyond doubt that something is accurate or agreed upon. It is used in professional communications, booking processes, agreements, and any situation where certainty is required before proceeding. Meanings [verb] To confirm; to verify; to acknowledge; to establish. [noun] Confirmation; verification. Example Sentences 请在提交申请之前，仔细确认所填写的信息是否正确。 Qǐng zài tíjiāo shēnqǐng zhīqián, zǐxì quèrèn suǒ tiánxiě de xìnxī shìfǒu zhèngquè. Please carefully verify that the...
航空航天 (hángkōng hángtiān) — aerospace
航空航天 (hángkōng hángtiān) 航空航天 refers to the combined disciplines of aeronautics and astronautics, encompassing the design, development, and operation of aircraft and spacecraft. As a compound noun, 航空 (aviation) and 航天 (space travel) are frequently used separately but combine to denote the overarching industry and academic field at the highest technical registers. Meanings [noun] aerospace; the integrated field covering both atmospheric flight (aviation) and space exploration Example Sentences 中国航空航天工业近年来取得了重大突破。 Zhōngguó...
预计 (yùjì) — to expect; to estimate; to anticipate
预计 (yùjì) 预计 means "to expect," "to estimate," or "to anticipate" and is used when making a formal or calculated estimate about a future event or outcome. Meanings [verb] to expect; to estimate; to anticipate; to project Example Sentences 预计明年公司的利润会增加。 Yùjì míngnián gōngsī de lìrùn huì zēngjiā. It is expected that the company's profits will increase next year. 这项工程预计需要三年时间完成。 Zhè xiàng gōngchéng yùjì xūyào sān nián shíjiān wánchéng. This project...
呢 (ne) — continuation question particle
呢 (ne) 呢 is a sentence-final particle used to ask a follow-up question ("and what about you/it?"), to soften a statement, or to indicate that a situation is ongoing. Meanings [particle] Continuation question: "And what about...?" — bounces the topic back to the listener. [particle] Softener: makes a statement or question sound less abrupt. [particle] Ongoing state: indicates that a situation is still in progress (e.g., 他睡觉呢, He is sleeping)....
伦理 (lúnlǐ) — ethics; moral principles
伦理 (lúnlǐ) 伦理 refers to the moral principles and standards that govern human behavior and relationships, encompassing both individual ethics and broader philosophical frameworks for distinguishing right from wrong. Meanings [noun] ethics; moral principles (the system of moral values governing behavior and relationships) [noun] ethical norms (standards of right conduct in specific professional or social contexts) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展引发了关于算法伦理和数据隐私的深层讨论。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn yǐnfāle guānyú suànfǎ lúnlǐ hé shùjù...
逐渐 (zhújiàn) — gradually; little by little; progressively
逐渐 (zhújiàn) 逐渐 is an adverb describing a process that happens slowly and incrementally over time, without sudden jumps or breaks. Meanings [adverb] gradually; little by little; progressively (placed before a verb or adjective to indicate slow, steady change) Usage Note 逐渐 is placed directly before the verb or adjective it modifies. It emphasizes the gradual nature of a change and often appears with verbs of change such as 变...
变化 (biànhuà) — change; to change
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to a change or transformation, whether in physical conditions, situations, or attitudes. Meanings [noun] change; transformation; variation [verb] to change; to undergo transformation Example Sentences 这个城市发生了很大的变化。 Zhège chéngshì fāshēng le hěn dà de biànhuà. This city has undergone great changes. 天气变化很快，要带好雨伞。 Tiānqì biànhuà hěn kuài, yào dài hǎo yǔsǎn. The weather changes quickly, so take an umbrella with you. 学了一年汉语，她的口语有了明显的变化。 Xué le yī nián Hànyǔ, tā...
台风 (táifēng) — typhoon
台风 (táifēng) 台风 is the Chinese term for a typhoon, a tropical cyclone that forms in the western Pacific Ocean and frequently affects coastal regions of East and Southeast Asia. Meanings [noun] typhoon; tropical cyclone (a severe tropical storm in the western Pacific) Example Sentences 今年夏天，一场强烈的台风袭击了沿海城市。 Jīnnián xiàtiān, yī chǎng qiángliè de táifēng xíjī le yánhǎi chéngshì. This summer, a powerful typhoon struck the coastal cities. 气象部门预测台风将于明天登陆。 Qìxiàng bùmén yùcè...
中心 (zhōngxīn) — center / core
中心 (zhōngxīn) Refers to the center point of a place or the core focus of a topic or activity. Meanings [noun] Center, the middle point of a space or area. [noun] Core, the main focus or hub of something. Example Sentences 购物中心在城市的中心。 Gòuwù zhōngxīn zài chéngshì de zhōngxīn. The shopping center is in the center of the city. 北京是中国的政治中心。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó de zhèngzhì zhōngxīn. Beijing is the political center...
做好 (zuò hǎo) — to do well; to finish properly
做好 (zuò hǎo) 做好 is a verb + result complement. 做 means "to do/make" and 好 here is not a stand-alone adjective but a result complement meaning "well / properly / to a satisfactory state." The combination means to complete something in a thorough, satisfactory way — not just finishing, but finishing well. The negative forms are 没做好 (didn't do it well) and 做不好 (can't do it well). Meanings [v+comp]...
椅子 (yǐzi) — chair
椅子 (yǐzi) A noun meaning chair or seat. Like 桌子 (table), it takes the common 子 (zi) suffix. 椅子 refers to any standard chair with a back. The measure word is 把 (bǎ). Meanings [noun] Chair, seat with a back. Example Sentences 请坐，这把椅子是你的。 Qǐng zuò, zhè bǎ yǐzi shì nǐ de. Please sit down, this chair is yours. 她把椅子搬到窗边。 Tā bǎ yǐzi bān dào chuāng biān. She moved the chair...
互相 (hùxiāng) — mutually
互相 (hùxiāng) 互相 means mutually or to each other — the action described goes in both directions between two or more parties simultaneously. It always modifies a verb. Meanings [adverb] Mutually; each other; one another. Example Sentences 我们应该互相帮助。 Wǒmen yīnggāi hùxiāng bāngzhù. We should help each other. 互相了解可以减少误解。 Hùxiāng liǎojiě kěyǐ jiǎnshǎo wùjiě. Mutual understanding can reduce misunderstandings. 两个好朋友互相支持，共同进步。 Liǎng gè hǎo péngyou hùxiāng zhīchí, gòngtóng jìnbù. Two good friends...
数据库 (shùjùkù) — database
数据库 (shùjùkù) 数据库 means database, referring to an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. It is used in technology, business, and research contexts, and is one of the key terms in modern computing vocabulary. Meanings [noun] database; a structured set of data stored in a computer system Example Sentences 这家公司有一个很大的客户数据库。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yī gè hěn dà de kèhù shùjùkù. This company has a very large customer...
非常 (fēicháng) — extremely; very
非常 (fēicháng) 非常 is an adverb meaning "extremely" or "exceptionally." It is a stronger intensifier than 很 (very) and is neutral in register — appropriate in both spoken and written Chinese. Meanings [adverb] Extremely; exceptionally; very much so. Example Sentences 她非常聪明。 Tā fēicháng cōngmíng. She is extremely intelligent. 我非常喜欢中国菜。 Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài. I like Chinese food very much. 这个问题非常重要。 Zhège wèntí fēicháng zhòngyào. This question is extremely important....
通常 (tōngcháng) — usually; normally; generally
通常 (tōngcháng) 通常 means "usually" or "normally." It describes what is typical, standard, or happens in general under ordinary circumstances. It is interchangeable with 一般 in many contexts but has a slightly more formal or written feel. Meanings [adverb] Usually; normally; generally; as a rule — describes what typically or habitually happens. Compare 通常 vs 往往 Word Use 通常 Neutral statement of what is normal or typical 往往 Implies a...
管理者 (guǎnlǐzhě) — manager; administrator
管理者 (guǎnlǐzhě) 管理者 refers to a manager or administrator, a person responsible for overseeing and directing a team, department, or organization. Meanings [noun] manager; administrator; a person who is in charge of managing people or resources Example Sentences 一个好的管理者需要有强大的沟通能力。 Yī gè hǎo de guǎnlǐzhě xūyào yǒu qiángdà de gōutōng nénglì. A good manager needs strong communication skills. 管理者要能够激励团队成员努力工作。 Guǎnlǐzhě yào néng gòu jīlì tuánduì chéngyuán nǔlì gōngzuò. A manager should...
包容的 (bāoróng de) — inclusive, tolerant
包容的 (bāoróng de) 包容的 describes an attitude, environment, or system that welcomes and accepts diversity -- whether of people, ideas, or backgrounds. It conveys both tolerance and active openness, and is central to discussions of social cohesion and multiculturalism. Meanings [adj] inclusive; tolerant; accepting of diversity; open-minded Example Sentences 包容的社会能够接纳不同背景的人共同生活。 Bāoróng de shèhuì nénggòu jiēnà bùtóng bèijǐng de rén gòngtóng shēnghuó. An inclusive society can accommodate people from different backgrounds...
演化 (yǎnhuà) — to evolve (biologically), to develop
演化 (yǎnhuà) 演化 refers primarily to biological evolution or the natural developmental processes by which organisms or systems change over long periods, and is the standard term for Darwinian evolution in Chinese scientific discourse. Meanings [verb] to evolve (biologically), to develop naturally over time [noun] (biological) evolution, natural development Example Sentences 人类是由古猿演化而来的。 Rénlèi shì yóu gǔyuán yǎnhuà ér lái de. Humans evolved from ancient apes. 生物的演化是一个漫长而复杂的过程。 Shēngwù de yǎnhuà shì...
只 (zhī) — measure word for animals
只 (zhī) A measure word used for animals and for one of a pair of objects. 只 is pronounced zhī when used as a measure word. It is the standard classifier for most animals, including pets. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for animals (most types). [measure word] Classifier for one of a pair (one hand, one ear, one shoe). What 只 counts 只 is used with: 猫 (māo): cat — 一只猫...
宁可…也不 (nìngkě…yě bù) — Would rather...than
宁可…也不 (nìngkě…yě bù) 宁可…也不 is a grammar pattern used to express a strong preference: "would rather [do A] than [do B]," where B is something the speaker strongly wishes to avoid. Structure 宁可 + [preferred action/state] + 也不 + [rejected action/state] The pattern expresses that the speaker is willing to accept something difficult or undesirable (the 宁可 clause) in order to avoid something else they consider worse (the 也不 clause)....
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) — ecosystem
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) A 生态系统 is a complex network of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a functional unit, a concept central to both environmental science and modern technology discourse. Meanings [noun] ecosystem; a self-sustaining system of organisms and their environment Example Sentences 珊瑚礁是地球上最脆弱的生态系统之一。 Shānhú jiāo shì dìqiú shàng zuì cuìruò de shēngtài xìtǒng zhī yī. Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. 人类活动正在严重破坏海洋生态系统。 Rénlèi...
流媒体 (liú méitǐ) — streaming
流媒体 (liú méitǐ) 流媒体 refers to streaming media, meaning audio or video content that is delivered continuously over the internet rather than downloaded. It describes both the technology and services like streaming platforms for music and video. Meanings [noun] streaming; streaming media; continuous delivery of audio or video over the internet Example Sentences 越来越多的人选择流媒体而不买光盘。 Yuèlái yuè duō de rén xuǎnzé liú méitǐ ér bù mǎi guāngpán. More and more people...
一直 (yīzhí) — all along
一直 (yīzhí) 一直 means continuously, all along, or straight ahead. For time it means an action has been happening without interruption. For direction it means go straight without turning. Meanings [adverb] All along; continuously; the whole time. [adverb] Straight; in a straight line (direction). Example Sentences 他一直在努力学习。 Tā yīzhí zài nǔlì xuéxí. He has been studying hard all along. 一直走，不要转弯。 Yīzhí zǒu, bú yào zhuǎnwān. Go straight; don't turn. 我一直等你，你怎么才来？...
高 (gāo) — tall / high
高 (gāo) An adjective meaning "tall" or "high." It describes both physical height (of a person or building) and elevated level or degree (high score, high price). Its antonym is 矮 (ǎi), meaning "short" (in height). Meanings [adjective] Tall, high (in physical height). [adjective] High (in level, score, degree, or quality). Example Sentences 他很高，有一米八。 Tā hěn gāo, yǒu yī mǐ bā. He is very tall, 1.8 meters. 这座楼很高。 Zhè zuò...
阐述 (chǎnshù) — to expound; to elaborate
阐述 (chǎnshù) 阐述 means to explain or expound on something in a systematic and detailed manner, and is a hallmark of formal academic and official discourse in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to expound; to elaborate; to set forth in detail [verb] to articulate and explain a position or theory Example Sentences 教授在讲座中详细阐述了他的研究方法。 Jiàoshòu zài jiǎngzuò zhōng xiángxì chǎnshùle tā de yánjiū fāngfǎ. The professor elaborated on his research methodology in detail...
机器学习 (jīqì xuéxí) — machine learning
机器学习 (jīqì xuéxí) A subfield of artificial intelligence in which computer systems are trained on data to recognize patterns and make decisions without being explicitly programmed for each task. Meanings [noun] machine learning Example Sentences 机器学习技术正在彻底改变医学影像诊断的方式。 Jīqì xuéxí jìshù zhèngzài chèdǐ gǎibiàn yīxué yǐngxiàng zhěnduàn de fāngshì. Machine learning technology is fundamentally changing the way medical imaging diagnosis works. 这款推荐系统基于机器学习算法分析用户的行为数据。 Zhè kuǎn tuījiàn xìtǒng jīyú jīqì xuéxí suànfǎ fēnxī yònghù...
本来 (běnlái) — originally; in the first place; naturally
本来 (běnlái) 本来 refers to an original situation, a natural expectation, or something that was the case from the beginning, often implying a contrast with the current state. Meanings [adverb] originally; in the first place; naturally — indicating what was true or expected at the outset, often contrasting with what actually happened Example Sentences 他本来打算去北京，但是临时改变了计划。 Tā běnlái dǎsuàn qù Běijīng, dànshì línshí gǎibiàn le jìhuà. He originally planned to go...
加强 (jiāqiáng) — to strengthen, to reinforce
加强 (jiāqiáng) 加强 means to make something stronger, more effective, or more intensive, typically by adding effort, resources, or measures to an existing situation. Meanings [verb] to strengthen, to reinforce, to intensify, to enhance Example Sentences 政府决定加强边境安全管控，防止非法越境。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng jiāqiáng biānjìng ānquán guǎnkòng, fángzhǐ fēifǎ yuèjìng. The government decided to strengthen border security controls to prevent illegal crossings. 学校正在积极加强对学生心理健康的关注和支持。 Xuéxiào zhèngzài jījí jiāqiáng duì xuéshēng xīnlǐ jiànkāng de guānzhù hé...
资料 (zīliào) — material; data; reference
资料 (zīliào) 资料 means "material," "data," or "reference" and refers to information, documents, or source materials used for research, study, or work. Meanings [noun] material; reference material; data; information [noun] source; documentation; records Example Sentences 我需要收集更多相关资料。 Wǒ xūyào shōují gèng duō xiāngguān zīliào. I need to collect more relevant materials. 图书馆有很多学习资料可以借阅。 Túshūguǎn yǒu hěn duō xuéxí zīliào kěyǐ jièyuè. The library has many study materials available for borrowing. 请把资料整理好发给我。 Qǐng...
处于 (chǔyú) — Be in a state of
处于 (chǔyú) 处于 means to be in or find oneself in a particular state, condition, or position. Meanings [verb] to be in (a state/condition/situation); to find oneself at (a position) Example Sentences 公司目前处于快速发展阶段。 Gōngsī mùqián chǔyú kuàisù fāzhǎn jiēduàn. The company is currently in a stage of rapid development. 他处于一种很矛盾的状态，不知道该怎么选择。 Tā chǔyú yī zhǒng hěn máodùn de zhuàngtài, bù zhīdào gāi zěnme xuǎnzé. He is in a very conflicted state...
情况 (qíngkuàng) — situation; circumstances
情况 (qíngkuàng) 情况 is a versatile noun meaning situation, circumstances, or condition -- it describes the state of affairs at a given time or in a given context. Meanings [noun] situation; circumstances; condition; state of affairs Example Sentences 目前情况怎么样？ Mùqián qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng? How is the current situation? 在这种情况下，我们应该冷静。 Zài zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng xià, wǒmen yīnggāi lěngjìng. In this kind of situation, we should stay calm. 他的健康情况有所改善。 Tā de jiànkāng qíngkuàng...
错 (cuò) — wrong; mistake; bad
错 (cuò) 错 means wrong or mistaken. It is used to describe an incorrect answer, action, or situation. In colloquial speech, 不错 (bú cuò) is a common expression meaning "not bad" or "pretty good," which is its own useful phrase to learn alongside 错. Meanings [adjective] Wrong; incorrect; mistaken. Describes something that does not match the expected or correct version. [noun] Mistake; error. Used in expressions about faults and corrections....
门 (mén) — door / gate
门 (mén) A noun meaning door or gate. The character itself is iconic: it looks like two door panels side by side. 门 can refer to a small indoor door or a large gate. It also appears as a radical in many characters. Meanings [noun] Door, gate, entrance. [measure word] Used for courses, subjects, and types of skills (e.g., 一门语言, one language). Example Sentences 请关门。 Qǐng guān mén. Please close...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, rule, regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular pattern, law, or principle that governs natural phenomena or social processes. Unlike 规则 (a specific rule one follows), 规律 is an objective pattern that exists whether or not it is articulated. It is frequently used in scientific, philosophical, and academic writing to describe invariant principles. Meanings [n] law, regularity (an objective pattern in nature or society) [n] rule, principle (a systematic pattern of...
实际 (shíjì) — practical; actual; realistic
实际 (shíjì) 实际 means practical, actual, or realistic, referring to what is real and concrete rather than theoretical or idealistic. As a noun it means "reality" or "actual conditions." It is commonly used to contrast what is ideal with what is actually happening. Meanings [adjective] Practical; actual; realistic; concrete. [noun] Reality; actual conditions; practice. Example Sentences 计划听起来不错，但实际上执行起来面临很多困难。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, dàn shíjì shàng zhíxíng qǐlái miànlín hěn duō kùnnán....
原来 (yuánlái) — originally; as it turns out
原来 (yuánlái) 原来 has two main uses: describing the original or former state of something, and expressing a realization or discovery ("so it turns out that..."). Meanings [adverb] originally; formerly (describing a past state) [adverb] as it turns out; so... (expressing a realization) Example Sentences 原来他就是那个有名的作家！ Yuánlái tā jiù shì nàgè yǒumíng de zuòjiā! So he is that famous writer after all! 这里原来是一片森林，现在变成了城市。 Zhèlǐ yuánlái shì yī piàn sēnlín, xiànzài...
疾病 (jíbìng) — disease; illness
疾病 (jíbìng) 疾病 is the standard formal term for disease or illness, used in medical, public health, and academic contexts to refer to any disorder affecting the body or mind. Meanings [noun] disease; illness; sickness Example Sentences 慢性疾病的预防比治疗更为重要。 Mànxìng jíbìng de yùfáng bǐ zhìliáo gèng wéi zhòngyào. Prevention of chronic diseases is more important than treatment. 传染性疾病可以通过多种途径在人群中传播。 Chuánrǎnxìng jíbìng kěyǐ tōngguò duō zhǒng tújìng zài rénqún zhōng chuánbō. Infectious diseases...
菜 (cài) — dish / vegetable
菜 (cài) 菜 is a broad word covering both dishes of food (cooked) and vegetables (raw produce). As a dish it means any course served at a meal. As a vegetable it is the general everyday term. For the specific category of vegetables, 蔬菜 is more precise. Meanings [noun] Dish; course; a prepared food item served at a meal. [noun] Vegetable; greens; produce (general and colloquial). Example Sentences 这道菜真好吃！ Zhè...
传播 (chuánbō) — to spread; to disseminate; to transmit
传播 (chuánbō) 传播 means to spread or disseminate information, ideas, culture, or disease from one person or place to another, and as a noun it refers to the act or process of such transmission. Meanings [verb] to spread; to disseminate; to propagate (information, culture, disease, etc.) [noun] dissemination; transmission; communication (the process of spreading) Example Sentences 互联网大大加速了信息的传播速度，使新闻能在几秒钟内传遍全球。 Hùliánwǎng dàdà jiāsùle xìnxī de chuánbō sùdù, shǐ xīnwén néng zài jǐ miǎozhōng...
公平的 (gōngpíng de) — equitable, fair
公平的 (gōngpíng de) 公平的 describes something that is fair, just, and impartial -- where everyone is treated equally according to the same rules or standards. It is used across legal, social, educational, and economic contexts. Meanings [adj] fair; equitable; just; impartial; treating everyone equally Example Sentences 建立公平的竞争环境是市场经济的核心原则。 Jiànlì gōngpíng de jìngzhēng huánjìng shì shìchǎng jīngjì de héxīn yuánzé. Establishing a fair competitive environment is a core principle of the market...
及时 (jíshí) — timely; in time
及时 (jíshí) 及时 means timely or in time, describing an action that is done promptly when needed, without unnecessary delay. Meanings [adjective/adverb] timely, in time, done at the right moment without delay Example Sentences 他及时发现了问题并采取了措施。 Tā jíshí fāxiàn le wèntí bìng cǎiqǔ le cuòshī. He identified the problem in time and took action. 医生的及时救治挽救了他的生命。 Yīshēng de jíshí jiùzhì wǎnjiù le tā de shēngmìng. The doctor's timely treatment saved his life....
四 (sì) — four
四 (sì) The number four; culturally, 四 is associated with bad luck in Chinese-speaking regions because sì sounds similar to 死 (sǐ, to die), so it is often avoided in addresses, floors, and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Four, the digit 4. Example Sentences 她家有四口人。 Tā jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén. Her family has four members. 四月的天气很好。 Sì yuè de tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather in April is very nice. 这栋楼没有四楼。...
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, when
时候 (shíhou) 时候 means "time" or "moment" and is most often used in the pattern "...的时候" meaning "when..." or "at the time of..." It does not refer to clock time (that is 时间 shíjiān or 点 diǎn). Meanings [noun] A point or period in time, a moment. [noun] Used in 的时候 to mean "when" (at the time that). Example Sentences 你什么时候来？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái? When are you coming? 我吃饭的时候不喜欢说话。...
食谱 (shípǔ) — recipe
食谱 (shípǔ) 食谱 is a recipe — a written or verbal guide describing the ingredients and steps needed to prepare a particular food or dish. It is widely used in cooking culture and education. Meanings noun recipe (instructions for preparing a dish) Example Sentences 她从网上找到了一个好食谱。 Tā cóng wǎngshàng zhǎodào le yī gè hǎo shípǔ. She found a good recipe online. 这本食谱里有很多传统菜肴。 Zhè běn shípǔ lǐ yǒu hěn duō chuántǒng càiyáo....
抽象 (chōuxiàng) — abstract; to abstract
抽象 (chōuxiàng) 抽象 describes something that is conceptual, theoretical, or not tied to concrete physical reality. It is the opposite of 具体 (concrete/specific), and refers to ideas, art, or concepts that require imagination or intellectual reasoning to grasp. Meanings [adjective] abstract; not concrete; conceptual; theoretical [verb] to abstract; to extract the essential qualities from something [noun] abstraction Example Sentences 哲学中的很多概念非常抽象，需要通过具体的例子才能帮助学生理解。 Zhéxué zhōng de hěn duō gàiniàn fēicháng chōuxiàng, xūyào tōngguò...
汇率 (huìlǜ) — Exchange rate
汇率 (huìlǜ) 汇率 refers to the price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency, which fluctuates based on market forces, government policy, and economic conditions. Meanings [noun] exchange rate; currency exchange rate Example Sentences 今天美元对人民币的汇率是多少？ Jīntiān měiyuán duì rénmínbì de huìlǜ shì duōshao? What is the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Chinese yuan today? 汇率波动对进出口企业的利润有很大影响。 Huìlǜ bōdòng duì jìn chūkǒu qǐyè de lìrùn yǒu hěn...
唱 (chàng) — to sing
唱 (chàng) A verb meaning "to sing." It describes using the voice to produce musical sound, whether in a song, at karaoke, or in a performance. In Chinese culture, karaoke (K歌) is hugely popular, making 唱歌 an everyday phrase. Meanings [verb] To sing (a song, a melody). Example Sentences 她唱歌唱得很好听。 Tā chànggē chàng de hěn hǎotīng. She sings beautifully. 我们一起去唱歌吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù chànggē ba! Let's go sing together! 孩子在唱一首儿歌。...
制造 (zhìzào) — to manufacture; to produce
制造 (zhìzào) 制造 primarily means to manufacture or produce physical goods on a large or industrial scale, and figuratively can mean to fabricate or create (a false situation, tension, or problem). Meanings [verb] to manufacture; to produce; to make (especially industrially) [verb] to fabricate; to engineer (a situation, conflict, or false impression) Example Sentences 这家工厂专门制造汽车零部件。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng zhuānmén zhìzào qìchē líng bùjiàn. This factory specializes in manufacturing automobile parts....
抽象 (chōuxiàng) — Abstract
抽象 (chōuxiàng) 抽象 describes something that is theoretical, conceptual, or not concrete and tangible. Meanings [adjective] abstract; theoretical; intangible; not concrete [verb] to abstract; to extract (a concept from something) Example Sentences 哲学上的很多概念都非常抽象，很难理解。 Zhéxué shàng de hěn duō gàiniàn dōu fēicháng chōuxiàng, hěn nán lǐjiě. Many philosophical concepts are very abstract and difficult to understand. 他喜欢画抽象画，风格很独特。 Tā xǐhuān huà chōuxiàng huà, fēnggé hěn dútè. He likes to paint abstract art;...
对 (duì) — correct / towards
对 (duì) A versatile word with two key uses. As an adjective, it means correct or right. As a preposition, it means towards, to, or regarding. Both uses are common at the HSK 1 level and appear in everyday conversation. Meanings [adjective] Correct, right. The opposite of 错 (cuò). [preposition] Towards, to, directed at, regarding. Example Sentences 你说得对，这道题的答案是五。 Nǐ shuō de duì, zhè dào tí de dá'àn shì wǔ. You...
孕育 (yùnyù) — to nurture; to give rise to
孕育 (yùnyù) To nurture or give rise to something means to create the conditions for it to grow and develop, often used figuratively for ideas, movements, or civilizations. Meanings [verb] to nurture; to breed; to give rise to; to incubate (ideas, culture, life) Example Sentences 这片土地孕育了灿烂的古代文明。 Zhè piàn tǔdì yùnyùle càn làn de gǔdài wénmíng. This land gave rise to a brilliant ancient civilization. 良好的教育环境孕育了无数优秀人才。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù huánjìng yùnyùle...
变化 (biànhuà) — change, variation
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to change or variation as a process or observable phenomenon, often emphasizing the state of flux itself rather than the agent causing it. Meanings [noun] change, variation, transformation (as a phenomenon) [verb] to change, to vary, to fluctuate Example Sentences 近年来，中国城市面貌发生了巨大的变化。 Jìn nián lái, Zhōngguó chéngshì miànmào fāshēng le jùdà de biànhuà. In recent years, the appearance of Chinese cities has undergone enormous changes. 气候变化是当今世界面临的最大挑战之一。 Qìhòu...
懒惰 (lǎnduò) — lazy
懒惰 (lǎnduò) 懒惰 describes someone who is lazy or unwilling to work and make effort -- a negative character trait involving a lack of energy or motivation. Meanings [adjective] lazy; indolent; idle Example Sentences 他太懒惰了，什么事都不想做。 Tā tài lǎnduò le, shénme shì dōu bù xiǎng zuò. He is too lazy; he doesn't want to do anything. 懒惰是成功的最大敌人。 Lǎnduò shì chénggōng de zuìdà dírén. Laziness is the greatest enemy of success. 不要让懒惰影响你的学习。...
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) — values, value system
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) 价值观 refers to the set of values and moral principles that guide an individual's or society's judgments and behaviors. It encompasses what a person considers important, good, or desirable in life. A person's 价值观 is typically shaped by family, culture, education, and personal experience. Meanings noun values, value system, set of moral and ethical principles Example Sentences 每个人的价值观都不同。 Měi gè rén de jiàzhíguān dōu bùtóng. Everyone's value system...
逐渐 (zhújiàn) — gradually; little by little
逐渐 (zhújiàn) 逐渐 describes a change that happens slowly and step by step over time, equivalent to "gradually" or "little by little." Meanings [adverb] Gradually; little by little; step by step (change happens slowly over time). Example Sentences 天气逐渐变冷了，要多穿衣服。 Tiānqì zhújiàn biàn lěng le, yào duō chuān yīfu. The weather is gradually getting colder; you should wear more clothes. 他的中文水平逐渐提高了。 Tā de Zhōngwén shuǐpíng zhújiàn tígāo le. His Chinese level...
至少 (zhìshǎo) — at least; no less than
至少 (zhìshǎo) 至少 means "at least." It sets a minimum — the actual amount, frequency, or degree may be more, but it is guaranteed to be no less than what follows. It can modify numbers, time expressions, and frequency words. Meanings [adverb] At least; no less than; at a minimum — sets a lower bound on quantity, frequency, or degree. Example Sentences 你至少要喝八杯水。 Nǐ zhìshǎo yào hē bā bēi shuǐ....
变化 (biànhuà) — Change
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to any change or transformation in state, condition, or situation. Meanings [noun] change; transformation; variation [verb] to change; to vary; to transform Example Sentences 这座城市十年间发生了巨大变化。 Zhè zuò chéngshì shí nián jiān fāshēngle jùdà biànhuà. This city has undergone enormous changes over ten years. 天气变化很快，出门要带伞。 Tiānqì biànhuà hěn kuài, chūmén yào dài sǎn. The weather changes quickly; bring an umbrella when you go out. 科技的发展给生活带来了很多变化。 Kējì de...
听 (tīng) — to listen, to hear
听 (tīng) 听 means to listen or to hear. It covers both the active act of listening and the passive act of hearing. It pairs naturally with music, speech, and audio content. Meanings [verb] To listen to, to hear. Example Sentences 我喜欢听音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuān tīng yīnyuè. I like to listen to music. 请大家安静，听老师说。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng, tīng lǎoshī shuō. Please be quiet, everyone, and listen to the teacher. 你听到了吗？ Nǐ...
回答 (huídá) — to answer, to reply
回答 (huídá) 回答 means to answer or reply, especially in response to a direct question. 回 means "return" and 答 means "reply," together forming "returning a reply." Meanings [verb] To answer, to reply (a question). [noun] An answer, a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí. Please answer my question. 他的回答很好。 Tā de huídá hěn hǎo. His answer was very good. 我不知道怎么回答。 Wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme huídá. I...
证实 (zhèngshí) — to confirm; to verify
证实 (zhèngshí) 证实 means to confirm or verify that something is true, typically through concrete evidence or investigation, and is frequently used in journalism, science, and legal contexts. Meanings [verb] to confirm; to verify; to substantiate [verb] to prove to be true; to bear out Example Sentences 调查结果证实了他们的猜测。 Diàochá jiéguǒ zhèngshíle tāmen de cāicè. The investigation results confirmed their suspicions. 这一发现已被多项独立研究证实。 Zhè yī fāxiàn yǐ bèi duō xiàng dúlì yánjiū...
反馈 (fǎnkuì) — feedback
反馈 (fǎnkuì) 反馈 means feedback -- information returned in response to an action, product, or performance -- and is widely used in professional, educational, and technical contexts. Meanings [noun] feedback; response; return of information [verb] to feed back; to provide feedback; to report back Example Sentences 老师给学生提供了详细的反馈。 Lǎoshī gěi xuésheng tígōng le xiángxì de fǎnkuì. The teacher provided detailed feedback to the students. 公司鼓励员工对管理层的决策提出反馈。 Gōngsī gǔlì yuángōng duì guǎnlǐ céng...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear, clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) Used as an adjective meaning clear or distinct, and as a verb meaning to understand clearly. It describes both physical clarity (e.g., sound, image) and mental clarity (e.g., knowing something well). Meanings [adj] Clear, distinct, easy to perceive. [verb] To know clearly, to understand well. Example Sentences 你说得很清楚，我听懂了。 Nǐ shuō de hěn qīngchu, wǒ tīngdǒng le. You spoke very clearly; I understood. 这张照片不清楚。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn bù qīngchu....
肚子 (dùzi) — belly / stomach
肚子 (dùzi) 肚子 means belly or stomach in the colloquial sense. It is the everyday spoken word for the abdomen and is used when talking about hunger, fullness, or stomach pain. Meanings [noun] Belly; stomach; abdomen (colloquial, everyday usage). Example Sentences 我的肚子很饿。 Wǒ de dùzi hěn è. My stomach is very hungry. 我肚子疼，可能吃坏东西了。 Wǒ dùzi téng, kěnéng chī huài dōngxi le. My stomach hurts; I may have eaten something bad....
水果 (shuǐguǒ) — fruit
水果 (shuǐguǒ) 水果 means fruit. It refers to the sweet, edible products of plants. 水 means water, and 果 means fruit or result. The combination evokes juicy, water-filled fruit. China produces and consumes a huge variety of fruit, including 苹果 (apple), 香蕉 (banana), 西瓜 (watermelon), 草莓 (strawberry), and 芒果 (mango). Fresh fruit stalls and fruit shops are found on almost every street in Chinese cities. Meanings [noun] Fruit; the sweet...
无论 (wúlùn) — no matter; regardless of
无论 (wúlùn) 无论 introduces a conditional clause meaning "no matter (what/who/how)," and the main clause typically contains 都 or 也 to complete the pattern. Meanings [conjunction] No matter; regardless of (introduces a condition that does not affect the outcome). Example Sentences 无论天气怎么样，我都会来。 Wúlùn tiānqì zěnme yàng, wǒ dōu huì lái. No matter what the weather is like, I will come. 无论你走到哪里，家人都会支持你。 Wúlùn nǐ zǒu dào nǎlǐ, jiārén dōu huì zhīchí...
终于 (zhōngyú) — finally; at last
终于 (zhōngyú) 终于 expresses that something happened after a long wait or much effort. It always carries an emotional undertone, either relief or satisfaction. Place it before the verb, usually after the subject. Meanings [adv] Finally; at last — something expected or hoped for has come to pass. [adv] In the end; ultimately — after a series of events or attempts. Example Sentences 我终于找到工作了。 Wǒ zhōngyú zhǎodào gōngzuò le. I...
旅游 (lǚyóu) — to travel; tourism
旅游 (lǚyóu) 旅游 means to travel for pleasure or sightseeing, and also refers to tourism as an activity or industry. Meanings [verb] to travel; to go on a trip; to tour [noun] tourism; travel; a trip Example Sentences 我很喜欢旅游，每年都会去一个新地方。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuān lǚyóu, měi nián dōu huì qù yī gè xīn dìfāng. I love traveling and go to a new place every year. 他们去云南旅游了两个星期。 Tāmen qù Yúnnán lǚyóu le liǎng...
珍惜 (zhēnxī) — Cherish, treasure, value
珍惜 (zhēnxī) 珍惜 means to cherish or treasure something -- to value it highly, use it wisely, and not take it for granted. It implies a conscious appreciation of something precious. Meanings [verb] to cherish; to treasure; to value; to make good use of (something precious) Example Sentences 我们应该珍惜每一段友谊，真正的朋友是人生的宝贵财富。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zhēnxī měi yī duàn yǒuyì, zhēnzhèng de péngyǒu shì rénshēng de bǎoguì cáifù. We should cherish every friendship; true...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economics; financial
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 refers to the economy or the study of economics, and can also function as an adjective meaning economical or affordable. Meanings [noun] economy; economics — the system of production, trade, and consumption of goods and services [adjective] financial; economical — relating to finance, or cost-effective Example Sentences 中国经济发展很快。 Zhōngguó jīngjì fāzhǎn hěn kuài. China's economy is developing very quickly. 他学习经济学。 Tā xuéxí jīngjìxué. He studies economics. 这个方案更经济实惠。...
司法 (sīfǎ) — judicial; justice system
司法 (sīfǎ) 司法 refers to the judicial branch of government and the administration of justice, encompassing courts, judges, and the legal processes by which law is applied. Meanings [noun] the judiciary; the judicial system; administration of justice [adjective] judicial; pertaining to the justice system Example Sentences 司法独立是法治社会的基本原则。 Sīfǎ dúlì shì fǎzhì shèhuì de jīběn yuánzé. Judicial independence is a fundamental principle of a law-governed society. 他因为腐败行为而受到了司法调查。 Tā yīnwèi fǔbài xíngwéi...
措施 (cuòshī) — measure; step; action
措施 (cuòshī) 措施 refers to a concrete action, step, or measure deliberately taken to address a problem or achieve an objective. Meanings [noun] Measure; step; action; countermeasure. Example Sentences 政府采取了有效的措施控制污染。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔle yǒuxiào de cuòshī kòngzhì wūrǎn. The government took effective measures to control pollution. 我们需要立即采取行动，否则问题会更严重。 Wǒmen xūyào lìjí cǎiqǔ cuòshī, fǒuzé wèntí huì gèng yánzhòng. We need to take measures immediately, or the problem will get worse. 学校制定了一系列安全措施。 Xuéxiào...
成本 (chéngběn) — cost; production cost
成本 (chéngběn) 成本 refers to the cost or expense required to produce, acquire, or achieve something, widely used in business, economics, and everyday contexts to describe financial expenditure. Meanings [noun] cost; production cost; expenses (what must be spent to produce or achieve something) Example Sentences 降低生产成本是企业保持竞争力的关键策略之一。 Jiàngdī shēngchǎn chéngběn shì qǐyè bǎochí jìngzhēnglì de guānjiàn cèlüè zhī yī. Reducing production costs is one of the key strategies for businesses to...
同事 (tóngshì) — colleague
同事 (tóngshì) 同事 means colleague or coworker, referring to someone who works at the same organization or shares the same workplace. It is the standard, polite word for a professional peer. Meanings [noun] Colleague; coworker. Example Sentences 他是我的同事，我们一起工作。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngshì, wǒmen yīqǐ gōngzuò. He is my colleague; we work together. 同事们帮我完成了任务。 Tóngshìmen bāng wǒ wánchéng le rènwu. My colleagues helped me complete the task. 我和同事的关系很好。 Wǒ hé...
机场 (jīchǎng) — airport
机场 (jīchǎng) 机场 means airport. 机 (short for 飞机, airplane) + 场 (an open ground or venue) = the ground where planes operate. Meanings [noun] Airport. Example Sentences 我明天要去机场接朋友。 Wǒ míngtiān yào qù jīchǎng jiē péngyou. Tomorrow I need to go to the airport to pick up a friend. 机场离市区很远。 Jīchǎng lí shìqū hěn yuǎn. The airport is far from the city center. 请早一点到机场。 Qǐng zǎo yīdiǎn dào jīchǎng. Please...
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) — although; despite; even though
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) 尽管 is a conjunction that introduces a concessive clause, acknowledging a fact or obstacle while stating that it does not prevent the outcome in the main clause. Meanings [conjunction] although; despite; even though (used to introduce a concessive condition that does not change the result) Usage Note 尽管 introduces the subordinate (concessive) clause, and the main clause often uses 还是 (háishi, still), 仍然 (réngrán, still), 却 (què, but/yet),...
记忆力 (jìyìlì) — memory (ability)
记忆力 (jìyìlì) 记忆力 refers specifically to the mental capacity or faculty to retain and recall information, as opposed to 记忆 (jìyì) which can mean a specific memory or the act of memorizing. Meanings [noun] memory; the ability to remember; retentive power Example Sentences 他的记忆力非常好，能记住很多细节。 Tā de jìyìlì fēicháng hǎo, néng jìzhù hěn duō xìjié. His memory is excellent; he can remember many details. 随着年龄增长，记忆力往往会有所下降。 Suízhe niánlíng zēngzhǎng, jìyìlì wǎngwǎng huì...
身份认同 (shēnfèn rèntóng) — identity
身份认同 (shēnfèn rèntóng) 身份认同 refers to how a person understands and defines themselves in relation to others, their culture, nationality, or social roles. It is a key concept in psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. A stable 身份认同 is considered important for mental well-being and social belonging. Meanings noun identity, sense of self, identification with a social group or role Example Sentences 青少年时期是身份认同形成的关键阶段。 Qīngshàonián shíqī shì shēnfèn rèntóng xíngchéng de guānjiàn...
公司 (gōngsī) — company
公司 (gōngsī) A noun meaning company, corporation, or firm. It refers to any business organization. The word combines 公 (public, collective) and 司 (manage, oversee). Meanings [noun] Company, corporation, business firm. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有五百名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu wǔbǎi míng yuángōng. This company has five hundred employees. 她想开一家自己的公司。 Tā xiǎng kāi yī jiā zìjǐ de gōngsī....
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) — to emerge in large numbers
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) 涌现 means to emerge or spring up in large numbers or all at once, like a surge of water, and is used to describe the sudden, abundant appearance of people, things, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to emerge in large numbers; to spring up; to come forth in abundance [verb] to surge forth; to appear suddenly and prolifically Example Sentences 改革开放以来，大量优秀的企业家如雨后春笋般涌现。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, dàliàng yōuxiù de qǐyèjiā rú...
爱好 (àihào) — hobby; interest
爱好 (àihào) 爱好 refers to a personal hobby or interest, something you enjoy doing in your spare time. Meanings [noun] a hobby or interest that someone enjoys [verb] to love; to be fond of something Example Sentences 我的爱好是画画和读书。 Wǒ de àihào shì huà huà hé dú shū. My hobbies are painting and reading. 你有什么爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme àihào? What hobbies do you have? 他非常爱好音乐，每天都练习钢琴。 Tā fēicháng àihào yīnyuè, měitiān dōu...
将来 (jiānglái) — future; in the future
将来 (jiānglái) 将来 means "the future" or "in the future." It refers to an unspecified future time that is more distant or open-ended than 以后 (after a specific event). 将来 is often used when talking about life goals, dreams, or general prospects. Meanings [noun] The future — the time ahead, used as a subject or object. [adverb] In the future; someday — placed before the verb to indicate a future...
越来越 (yuè lái yuè) — more and more
越来越 (yuè lái yuè) 越来越 is a fixed pattern meaning "more and more" or "increasingly." It is placed before an adjective or verb and describes a quality that keeps intensifying over time. Meanings [adverb pattern] More and more; increasingly; getting (adjective)-er and (adjective)-er. Example Sentences 他的汉语越来越好了。 Tā de Hànyǔ yuè lái yuè hǎo le. His Chinese is getting better and better. 天气越来越冷了。 Tiānqì yuè lái yuè lěng le. The weather...
推广 (tuīguǎng) — Promote
推广 (tuīguǎng) 推广 means to promote something widely or to extend its use to a broader audience or area. Meanings [verb] to promote; to popularize; to spread widely; to roll out Example Sentences 政府正在努力推广新能源汽车。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài nǔlì tuīguǎng xīn néngyuán qìchē. The government is working hard to promote new energy vehicles. 这项技术已经在全国范围内得到推广。 Zhè xiàng jìshù yǐjīng zài quánguó fànwéi nèi dédào tuīguǎng. This technology has been promoted and rolled out...
被动 (bèidòng) — passive; reactive
被动 (bèidòng) 被动 means "passive" or "reactive" and describes a state in which someone or something is acted upon rather than taking initiative. Meanings [adjective] passive; not taking initiative [adjective] reactive; in a disadvantaged or responding position Example Sentences 他在工作中太被动了，需要主动一些。 Tā zài gōngzuò zhōng tài bèidòng le, xūyào zhǔdòng yīxiē. He is too passive at work and needs to take more initiative. 这个团队处于被动的局面。 Zhège tuánduì chǔyú bèidòng de júmiàn. This...
展示 (zhǎnshì) — to display; to show; to demonstrate
展示 (zhǎnshì) 展示 means to display, show, or demonstrate something, especially in a way that highlights its qualities or allows others to see it clearly. Meanings [verb] to display; to show; to demonstrate; to exhibit Example Sentences 她在舞台上展示了自己的才华。 Tā zài wǔtái shàng zhǎnshìle zìjǐ de cáihuá. She displayed her talent on the stage. 这次展览展示了公司最新的产品。 Zhè cì zhǎnlǎn zhǎnshìle gōngsī zuìxīn de chǎnpǐn. This exhibition displayed the company's latest products. 他用数据展示了项目的成果。...
跳 (tiào) — to jump / to dance
跳 (tiào) A verb meaning "to jump" or "to leap." It also appears in the phrase 跳舞 (tiàowǔ), meaning "to dance," because dancing involves rhythmic jumping and stepping movements. The 足 (foot) radical reinforces the physical, foot-related action. Meanings [verb] To jump, to leap, to hop. [verb] Component of 跳舞 (to dance). Example Sentences 猫跳上了桌子。 Māo tiào shàng le zhuōzi. The cat jumped onto the table. 她喜欢跳舞。 Tā xǐhuān tiàowǔ....
渴望 (kěwàng) — Yearn for, long for, crave
渴望 (kěwàng) 渴望 expresses a deep, intense desire or longing for something -- much stronger than simply wanting. It conveys an emotional urgency comparable to physical thirst. Meanings [verb] to yearn for; to long for; to crave; to thirst for [noun] yearning; longing; strong desire Example Sentences 她渴望有一天能够环游世界，探索不同的文化。 Tā kěwàng yǒu yītiān nénggòu huányóu shìjiè, tànsuǒ bùtóng de wénhuà. She yearns for the day she can travel around the world...
推广 (tuīguǎng) — to promote; to spread; to popularize
推广 (tuīguǎng) 推广 means to promote something so that it reaches a wider audience or is adopted more broadly, whether it is a technology, practice, language, product, or policy. Meanings [verb] to promote; to popularize; to spread; to roll out (to a wider audience or larger scale) Example Sentences 政府积极推广普通话教育，使不同方言地区的人们能够顺畅交流。 Zhèngfǔ jījí tuīguǎng pǔtōnghuà jiàoyù, shǐ bùtóng fāngyán dìqū de rénmen néng gòu shùnchàng jiāoliú. The government has actively promoted...
打 (dǎ) — to hit / to strike (versatile action verb)
打 (dǎ) A highly productive verb whose core meaning is "to strike" or "to hit." From this core sense, 打 extends to many everyday actions: making a phone call (打电话), playing ball sports (打球), fighting (打人), and more. Whenever an action involves a striking, hitting, or forceful contact motion, 打 is often the right verb. Meanings [verb] To hit, to strike, to beat. [verb] To play (ball sports that involve...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a sentence-final particle with two main uses: making a soft suggestion ("let's...") and expressing a tentative assumption or seeking confirmation ("I suppose... right?"). Meanings [particle] Suggestion softener: turns a statement into a gentle proposal (let's go, shall we?). [particle] Assumption marker: expresses that the speaker assumes something is true and seeks confirmation. Example Sentences 我们走吧！ Wǒmen zǒu ba! Let's go! 你是学生吧？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ba? You...
继续 (jìxù) — to continue
继续 (jìxù) 继续 means to continue doing something or to carry on without stopping, picking up where one left off. Meanings [verb] to continue; to go on; to carry on; to keep doing Example Sentences 请继续说，我在听。 Qǐng jìxù shuō, wǒ zài tīng. Please continue speaking; I am listening. 休息一下，然后继续工作。 Xiūxi yīxià, ránhòu jìxù gōngzuò. Take a rest, then continue working. 尽管很难，他还是继续努力了。 Jǐnguǎn hěn nán, tā háishi jìxù nǔlì le. Even...
认为 (rènwéi) — to think; to believe; to consider
认为 (rènwéi) 认为 means "to think," "to believe," or "to consider" and is used to express a personal opinion or judgment about something. Meanings [verb] to think; to believe; to consider; to be of the opinion that Example Sentences 我认为这个计划很可行。 Wǒ rènwéi zhège jìhuà hěn kěxíng. I think this plan is very feasible. 她认为学习语言最重要的是坚持。 Tā rènwéi xuéxí yǔyán zuì zhòngyào de shì jiānchí. She believes the most important thing in...
海鲜 (hǎixiān) — seafood
海鲜 (hǎixiān) 海鲜 means seafood. It refers to all edible creatures from the sea, including fish, shrimp, crab, oysters, and squid. 海 means sea or ocean, and 鲜 means fresh or tasty. Together they evoke freshly caught, delicious food from the sea. Meanings [noun] Seafood; edible creatures from the sea or ocean. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的海鲜很新鲜。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de hǎixiān hěn xīnxiān. The seafood at this restaurant is very fresh....
前沿 (qiányán) — frontier, cutting edge
前沿 (qiányán) 前沿 literally means "front edge" and is used both in military contexts (front line) and, more commonly in modern usage, to describe the cutting edge or forefront of a field of knowledge, technology, or culture. It conveys a sense of being at the most advanced, uncharted territory of a discipline. Meanings [n] frontier, cutting edge, forefront (of a field or discipline) [n] front line, forward position (military) Example...
发展 (fāzhǎn) — development; to develop
发展 (fāzhǎn) 发展 means to develop or describes development, covering growth and progress of economies, skills, relationships, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to develop, grow, or expand [noun] development, growth, or progress Example Sentences 中国的经济发展速度令世界惊叹。 Zhōngguó de jīngjì fāzhǎn sùdù lìng shìjiè jīngtàn. China's speed of economic development is astonishing to the world. 他的中文水平发展得很快。 Tā de zhōngwén shuǐpíng fāzhǎn de hěn kuài. His Chinese level is developing very quickly. 这个城市的基础设施发展得非常好。 Zhège...
民主 (mínzhǔ) — democracy; democratic
民主 (mínzhǔ) 民主 means democracy as a political system and democratic as an adjective. In Chinese discourse, it carries both the universally recognized political meaning (rule by the people through elections and representation) and a broader sense of openness and equality in decision-making. It is a core term in political science, history, and social commentary. Meanings [n] democracy (a system of government by the people) [adj] democratic, open, egalitarian (characterized...
检查 (jiǎnchá) — to check / examine
检查 (jiǎnchá) 检查 means to check, inspect, or examine. It is widely used for medical checkups, reviewing work, security checks, and quality inspection. 检 means to inspect, and 查 means to look into or investigate. Meanings [verb] To check; to examine; to inspect (homework, health, luggage, quality). [noun] An inspection; a checkup; a review. Example Sentences 老师让我们检查作业有没有错误。 Lǎoshī ràng wǒmen jiǎnchá zuòyè yǒu méiyǒu cuòwù. The teacher asked us to...
发展 (fāzhǎn) — to develop, development
发展 (fāzhǎn) 发展 refers to development, growth, or advancement, implying movement toward a more complete, refined, or advanced state, and is one of the most widely used terms in Chinese discourse on progress. Meanings [verb] to develop, to grow, to advance, to expand [noun] development, growth, progress Example Sentences 中国经济在过去四十年里取得了举世瞩目的发展。 Zhōngguó jīngjì zài guòqù sìshí nián lǐ qǔdé le jǔshì zhǔmù de fāzhǎn. China's economy has achieved remarkable development in...
她 (tā) — she, her
她 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for females; it is pronounced identically to 他 (he) and 它 (it) — all are tā — so gender is only visible in writing. Meanings [pronoun] She (subject). [pronoun] Her (object). [pronoun] Her (before 的: 她的). Example Sentences 她是我的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ de péngyou. She is my friend. 我爱她。 Wǒ ài tā. I love her. 她的中文说得很好。 Tā de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo. She...
集成电路 (jíchéng diànlù) — integrated circuit
集成电路 (jíchéng diànlù) 集成电路 is an electronic circuit in which all components — transistors, resistors, capacitors, and their interconnections — are fabricated on a single semiconductor substrate, typically silicon. Invented in the late 1950s, integrated circuits enabled the miniaturization and mass production of complex electronic systems and are the foundation of modern computing and telecommunications. Meanings [noun] integrated circuit (IC); a miniaturized electronic circuit fabricated on a single semiconductor chip...
进行 (jìnxíng) — to carry out; to conduct
进行 (jìnxíng) 进行 is used to indicate that an activity is being carried out or is in progress, typically with more formal or planned actions. Meanings [verb] to carry out; to conduct; to undertake; to be in progress Example Sentences 会议正在进行中。 Huìyì zhèngzài jìnxíng zhōng. The meeting is currently in progress. 研究人员正在进行一项重要实验。 Yánjiū rényuán zhèngzài jìnxíng yī xiàng zhòngyào shíyàn. Researchers are conducting an important experiment. 比赛将在明天下午进行。 Bǐsài jiāng zài...
服务器 (fúwùqì) — server
服务器 (fúwùqì) A computer or software system that stores, processes, and delivers data or services to other computers (clients) connected through a network -- the backbone of the internet and enterprise IT. Meanings [noun] server (computing) Example Sentences 网站因服务器故障而暂时无法访问。 Wǎngzhàn yīn fúwùqì gùzhàng ér zànshí wúfǎ fǎngwèn. The website is temporarily inaccessible due to a server malfunction. 公司将数据迁移到了云服务器上以降低运营成本。 Gōngsī jiāng shùjù qiānyí dàole yún fúwùqì shàng yǐ jiàngdī yùnyíng chéngběn....
供应链 (gōngyìngliàn) — supply chain
供应链 (gōngyìngliàn) 供应链 refers to the entire network of individuals, organizations, resources, activities, and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product, from raw material sourcing through to delivery to the end consumer. Meanings [noun] supply chain (the entire network of production and distribution from raw materials to end consumer) Example Sentences 新冠疫情严重扰乱了全球供应链，导致许多行业出现零部件短缺和交货延迟。 Xīnguān yìqíng yánzhòng rǎoluànle quánqiú gōngyìngliàn, dǎozhì xǔduō hángyè chūxiàn língbùjiàn duǎnquē hé jiāohuò yánchí....
本 (běn) — measure word for books
本 (běn) A measure word used specifically for books, notebooks, and other bound volumes. 本 also means "root," "origin," or "this" in other contexts, but as a measure word it always refers to bound materials. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for books, notebooks, and bound volumes. [noun] Root, origin, fundamental. Used in other compound words. What 本 counts 本 is used with: 书 (shū): books — 一本书 (one book) 杂志 (zázhì):...
集中 (jízhōng) — to concentrate; focused
集中 (jízhōng) 集中 means to gather, concentrate, or focus things or attention into one place or point. Meanings [verb] to concentrate; to focus; to centralize [adj] concentrated; focused Example Sentences 上课的时候要集中注意力。 Shàngkè de shíhou yào jízhōng zhùyìlì. You need to concentrate your attention during class. 所有的学生集中在操场上。 Suǒyǒu de xuéshēng jízhōng zài cāochǎng shàng. All the students gathered on the sports field. 他的工作需要高度集中的精神。 Tā de gōngzuò xūyào gāodù jízhōng de jīngshén....
明白 (míngbai) — to understand, clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something, especially a situation, intention, or meaning. It often captures the moment of suddenly grasping something. Key contrast: 懂 (dǒng) is used for understanding a skill or subject (I understand Chinese grammar), while 明白 is for understanding a specific situation, message, or meaning. Meanings [verb] To understand, to realize (a situation or meaning). [adjective] Clear, obvious. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？...
地方 (dìfang) — place; region
地方 (dìfang) 地方 refers to a place, location, or region. It can be physical or abstract, used in both specific and general contexts. Meanings [noun] place; location; region; area Example Sentences 这个地方风景非常美。 Zhège dìfang fēngjǐng fēicháng měi. The scenery of this place is very beautiful. 你来自什么地方？ Nǐ láizì shénme dìfang? Where do you come from? 我找不到那本书放在什么地方了。 Wǒ zhǎo bù dào nà běn shū fàng zài shénme dìfang le. I cannot...
税收 (shuìshōu) — tax revenue, taxation
税收 (shuìshōu) 税收 refers to tax revenue — the income that a government collects from taxes. It can also refer to the system of taxation in general. Meanings n tax revenue, taxation, tax income Example Sentences 政府依靠税收来资助公共服务。 Zhèngfǔ yīkào shuìshōu lái zīzhù gōnggòng fúwù. The government relies on tax revenue to fund public services. 今年全国税收总额创下了历史新高。 Jīnnián quánguó shuìshōu zǒng'é chuàngxià le lìshǐ xīngāo. This year's total national tax revenue hit...
醋 (cù) — vinegar / jealousy
醋 (cù) 醋 is primarily the condiment vinegar, essential in Chinese cooking for its sharp, sour flavor. Colloquially, 吃醋 (eat vinegar) means to feel jealous, especially in a romantic relationship — a vivid metaphor for the sour feeling of envy. Meanings [noun] Vinegar (the condiment). [noun / colloquial] Jealousy (romantic), in the phrase 吃醋. Example Sentences 做饺子的时候可以蘸醋吃。 Zuò jiǎozi de shíhòu kěyǐ zhàn cù chī. When eating dumplings you can...
现代 (xiàndài) — modern; contemporary
现代 (xiàndài) 现代 refers to the modern era as a noun, or describes something as modern and contemporary as an adjective. Meanings [noun] the modern era; modern times; the contemporary period [adjective] modern; contemporary; up-to-date Example Sentences 现代科技极大地改变了我们的生活。 Xiàndài kējì jídà de gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó. Modern technology has greatly changed our lives. 她喜欢现代风格的家具。 Tā xǐhuān xiàndài fēnggé de jiājù. She likes modern-style furniture. 现代社会中，竞争越来越激烈。 Xiàndài shèhuì zhōng, jìngzhēng...
道理 (dàolǐ) — reason; logic; truth; principle
道理 (dàolǐ) 道理 refers to the sense or logic behind an argument, a moral truth, or a general principle that guides how things should be understood. Meanings [noun] reason; logic; truth; principle — the underlying rationale or moral logic of a statement, belief, or action Example Sentences 你说的很有道理。 Nǐ shuō de hěn yǒu dàolǐ. What you said makes a lot of sense. 这个道理很简单。 Zhège dàolǐ hěn jiǎndān. This principle is...
上市 (shàngshì) — to go public / to come to market
上市 (shàngshì) 上市 describes the process of a company listing its shares on a stock exchange, or more broadly, a product becoming available for sale on the market. Meanings [verb] to go public; to list on a stock exchange (of a company) [verb] to come onto the market; to go on sale (of a product or seasonal item) Example Sentences 这家科技公司计划明年在纽约证券交易所上市。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī jìhuà míngnián zài Niǔyuē zhèngquàn...
你们 (nǐmen) — you (plural)
你们 (nǐmen) The plural form of 你, referring to two or more people being addressed; unlike English, which uses "you" for both singular and plural, Chinese marks the distinction in writing. Meanings [pronoun] You all, you guys (subject, plural). [pronoun] You all (object, plural). [pronoun] Your (before 的: 你们的). Example Sentences 你们好！ Nǐmen hǎo! Hello everyone! 你们都来了吗？ Nǐmen dōu lái le ma? Have you all come? 我喜欢你们的城市。 Wǒ xǐhuan nǐmen...
你好 (nǐ hǎo) — hello; hi
你好 (nǐ hǎo) 你好 is the standard everyday greeting in Mandarin, equivalent to "hello" or "hi." It is used when greeting one person in an informal or neutral setting. Meanings [phrase] Hello; hi. A general greeting directed at one person. Example Sentences 你好！很高兴认识你。 Nǐ hǎo! Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ. Hello! Nice to meet you. 你好，请问你叫什么名字？ Nǐ hǎo, qǐngwèn nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? Hello, may I ask your name? A: 你好！...
起床 (qǐchuáng) — to get up / to get out of bed
起床 (qǐchuáng) A verb phrase meaning "to get up" or "to get out of bed." 起 (qǐ) means "to rise," and 床 (chuáng) means "bed." Together they describe the act of leaving bed in the morning. Its counterpart is 睡觉 (shuìjiào, to go to sleep). Meanings [verb phrase] To get up, to get out of bed, to rise in the morning. Example Sentences 我每天七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I...
奖学金 (jiǎngxuéjīn) — scholarship
奖学金 (jiǎngxuéjīn) A scholarship is a financial grant awarded to a student on the basis of academic achievement or other criteria, helping them fund their studies. Meanings [noun] scholarship; academic grant; bursary awarded for merit or need Example Sentences 她凭优异的成绩获得了全额奖学金。 Tā píng yōuyì de chéngjì huòdéle quán'é jiǎngxuéjīn. She received a full scholarship based on her outstanding academic results. 申请奖学金需要提交成绩单和推荐信。 Shēnqǐng jiǎngxuéjīn xūyào tíjiāo chéngjìdān hé tuījiànxìn. Applying for a...
机制 (jīzhì) — mechanism; system
机制 (jīzhì) 机制 refers to a mechanism or system, describing how something is organized or how it operates internally. Meanings [noun] mechanism; system; the structured way in which something functions or is organized Example Sentences 公司需要建立有效的管理机制。 Gōngsī xūyào jiànlì yǒuxiào de guǎnlǐ jīzhì. The company needs to establish an effective management mechanism. 市场机制决定了商品的价格。 Shìchǎng jīzhì juédìng le shāngpǐn de jiàgé. The market mechanism determines the price of goods. 我们要完善监督机制。 Wǒmen...
发布 (fābù) — to release; to publish
发布 (fābù) 发布 means to officially release, issue, or publish information, announcements, or content, and is the standard term for press releases, official notices, and the publication of data or digital content. Meanings [verb] to release; to issue (an official statement or announcement) [verb] to publish; to post (information, content, or data) Example Sentences 气象局发布了暴雨橙色预警信号。 Qìxiàngjú fābùle bàoyǔ chéngsè yùjǐng xìnhào. The meteorological bureau issued an orange-level heavy rain warning....
机制 (jīzhì) — mechanism, system
机制 (jīzhì) 机制 refers to the underlying mechanism, process, or systemic arrangement by which something operates, emphasizing the functional and dynamic aspect of how a system works. Meanings [noun] mechanism, operational process (of a system or institution) [noun] a systemic arrangement or procedure that produces a particular outcome Example Sentences 科学家仍在探索这种疾病的发病机制。 Kēxuéjiā réng zài tànsuǒ zhè zhǒng jíbìng de fābìng jīzhì. Scientists are still exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of this...
只要 (zhǐyào) — as long as
只要 (zhǐyào) 只要 states the minimum or sole condition needed for a result to follow. It is paired with 就 (jiù) in the second clause, forming a pattern that says: "as long as X, then Y will follow." Meanings [conjunction] As long as; provided that; if only. Example Sentences 只要努力，就会成功。 Zhǐyào nǔlì, jiù huì chénggōng. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你来，我就高兴。 Zhǐyào nǐ lái, wǒ jiù...
积极 (jījí) — positive / active
积极 (jījí) 积极 means positive or proactive. It describes an attitude of enthusiasm, initiative, and optimism rather than passivity or negativity. It is commonly used to praise attitude and behavior. Meanings [adjective] Positive; proactive; active; enthusiastic. [adjective] Optimistic; constructive (in attitude). Example Sentences 他对工作非常积极。 Tā duì gōngzuò fēicháng jījí. He is very proactive about his work. 我们要以积极的态度面对困难。 Wǒmen yào yǐ jījí de tàidu miànduì kùnnán. We should face difficulties with...
感谢 (gǎnxiè) — to thank
感谢 (gǎnxiè) 感谢 means to thank someone or feel gratitude. It is more formal and heartfelt than the everyday 谢谢 (xièxiè), and is commonly used in speeches, letters, and sincere expressions of appreciation. Meanings [verb] To thank; to express gratitude toward. [noun] Gratitude; thanks. Example Sentences 我非常感谢你的帮助。 Wǒ fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐ de bāngzhù. I'm very grateful for your help. 感谢大家的支持！ Gǎnxiè dàjiā de zhīchí! Thank you all for your support!...
跨越 (kuàyuè) — to span; to transcend; to leap across
跨越 (kuàyuè) 跨越 describes crossing over a significant boundary, gap, or obstacle, either literally or figuratively, and carries a sense of impressive achievement or advancement. Meanings [verb] to span; to bridge (a gap, period, or distance) [verb] to transcend; to leap beyond; to overcome (a barrier or limit) Example Sentences 这座大桥跨越了整条河流，连接两岸城市。 Zhè zuò dàqiáo kuàyuèle zhěng tiáo héliú, liánjiē liǎng àn chéngshì. This bridge spans the entire river, connecting cities...
素养 (sùyǎng) — literacy; cultivation; competence
素养 (sùyǎng) 素养 refers to the cultural, moral, or professional cultivation that a person develops through education and practice over time. It implies a deep, internalised quality rather than a mere skill. In modern educational discourse it is often translated as "literacy" or "competency." Meanings [noun] cultivation; literacy; competency; quality (developed through sustained learning and practice) Example Sentences 信息素养是现代公民在数字时代必须具备的基本能力。 Xìnxī sùyǎng shì xiàndài gōngmín zài shùzì shídài bìxū jùbèi de...
主要 (zhǔyào) — main; primary; major
主要 (zhǔyào) 主要 points to the most important or central part of something, distinguishing it from secondary elements. Meanings [adjective] Main; primary; major; principal. Example Sentences 这是我们主要的问题。 Zhè shì wǒmen zhǔyào de wèntí. This is our main problem. 他的主要工作是教书。 Tā de zhǔyào gōngzuò shì jiāo shū. His main job is teaching. 主要原因是缺乏经验。 Zhǔyào yuányīn shì quēfá jīngyàn. The main reason is a lack of experience. 这本书主要介绍中国历史。 Zhè běn shū zhǔyào...
利息 (lìxi) — interest (on money)
利息 (lìxi) 利息 refers to the money paid by a borrower to a lender for the use of borrowed funds, or the money earned by a depositor on savings placed in a bank. Meanings [noun] interest (financial), money earned or paid on a loan or deposit Example Sentences 这笔贷款的年利率为百分之五，每年需要支付的利息相当可观。 Zhè bǐ dàikuǎn de nián lìlǜ wèi bǎifēnzhī wǔ, měi nián xūyào zhīfù de lìxi xiāngdāng kěguān. The annual interest rate...
新闻 (xīnwén) — news
新闻 (xīnwén) Information about recent events reported through media channels -- and by extension, the news industry and journalism itself. Meanings [noun] news, a news item [noun] the news media, journalism (as an institution) Example Sentences 他每天早上都会浏览最新的国际新闻。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu huì liúlǎn zuìxīn de guójì xīnwén. He browses the latest international news every morning. 这条新闻迅速在社交媒体上引发了广泛讨论。 Zhè tiáo xīnwén xùnsù zài shèjiāo méitǐ shàng yǐnfāle guǎngfàn tǎolùn. This news item...
除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) — besides this; apart from this; in addition
除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) 除此之外 is a formal conjunctive phrase meaning "besides this" or "in addition to this," used to introduce further points, items, or information after something has already been stated. Meanings [phrase] besides this; apart from this; in addition to the above; furthermore Example Sentences 他不仅精通英语，除此之外，还能流利地使用法语和西班牙语。 Tā bùjǐn jīngtōng yīngyǔ, chú cǐ zhī wài, hái néng liúlì de shǐyòng fǎyǔ hé xībānyáyǔ. He is not only proficient...
镜子 (jìngzi) — mirror
镜子 (jìngzi) 镜子 is the everyday word for a mirror. 镜 is the main character meaning "mirror / lens / glass" and zi is a neutral-tone noun suffix. The word can refer to any reflective mirror — bathroom, dressing room, hand mirror — and also appears in compound words related to optical lenses. Meanings [noun] Mirror; a reflective glass surface. Example Sentences 她每天早上照镜子。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang zhào jìngzi. She looks...
筷子 (kuàizi) — chopsticks
筷子 (kuàizi) 筷子 means chopsticks. These are the two thin sticks used for eating in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cuisine. The measure word for a pair is 双 (shuāng) and for a single stick is 根 (gēn). Meanings [noun] Chopsticks. Example Sentences 你会用筷子吗？ Nǐ huì yòng kuàizi ma? Do you know how to use chopsticks? 请给我一双筷子。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī shuāng kuàizi. Please give me a pair of chopsticks. 我练习了很久才学会用筷子。...
总之 (zǒngzhī) — in short; in a word
总之 (zǒngzhī) 总之 is a discourse marker used to introduce a summary or conclusion after listing several points, equivalent to "in short," "in a word," or "to sum up." Meanings [conjunction/adverb] in short; in a word; to sum up; in summary Example Sentences 总之，这件事很复杂。 Zǒngzhī, zhè jiàn shì hěn fùzá. In short, this matter is very complicated. 他聪明、努力、善良，总之是个好人。 Tā cōngmíng, nǔlì, shànliáng, zǒngzhī shì gè hǎorén. He is smart, hardworking,...
浪费 (làngfèi) — to waste; wasteful
浪费 (làngfèi) 浪费 means to use resources, time, or money carelessly, using more than is necessary. Meanings [verb/adj] to waste; to squander; wasteful Example Sentences 不要浪费食物，吃多少做多少。 Bùyào làngfèi shíwù, chī duōshao zuò duōshao. Don't waste food; only make as much as you will eat. 浪费时间就是浪费生命。 Làngfèi shíjiān jiùshì làngfèi shēngmìng. Wasting time is wasting your life. 买了不用的东西是一种浪费。 Mǎi le bùyòng de dōngxi shì yī zhǒng làngfèi. Buying things you won't...
累 (lèi) — tired; exhausted
累 (lèi) 累 describes the state of being tired or exhausted, whether from physical activity, mental effort, or a long day. Meanings [adj] tired; exhausted; fatigued; worn out Example Sentences 工作了一整天，我真的很累。 Gōngzuò le yī zhěng tiān, wǒ zhēn de hěn lèi. After working a whole day, I am really tired. 你看起来很累，早点休息吧。 Nǐ kàn qǐlái hěn lèi, zǎodiǎn xiūxi ba. You look very tired; get some rest early. 爬山之后，大家都累坏了。 Páshān zhīhòu,...
融合 (rónghé) — to merge, to integrate, fusion
融合 (rónghé) 融合 describes the blending or integration of distinct elements into a unified whole, where the original components lose their sharp boundaries and become part of something new and cohesive. Meanings [verb] to merge, to fuse, to integrate, to blend together [noun] fusion, integration, blending (of cultures, ideas, or elements) Example Sentences 这种音乐风格融合了东西方的音乐元素。 Zhè zhǒng yīnyuè fēnggé rónghé le dōng xīfāng de yīnyuè yuánsù. This musical style fuses elements...
保护区 (bǎohùqū) — nature reserve; protected area
保护区 (bǎohùqū) 保护区 refers to a designated area legally protected to conserve natural environments, wildlife, cultural heritage, or other resources, including nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and marine protected areas. Meanings [noun] nature reserve; protected area; conservation zone (a designated area protected by law for conservation purposes) Example Sentences 中国建立了大量自然保护区，以保护濒危野生动植物及其栖息地。 Zhōngguó jiànlìle dàliàng zìrán bǎohùqū, yǐ bǎohù bīn'wēi yěshēng dòngzhíwù jí qí qīxīdì. China has established numerous nature reserves to protect...
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) — disposal construction with completion
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) 把…V完 combines the disposal marker 把 with the result complement 完 (wán, to finish) to express that someone completely used up, finished, or disposed of the object. The focus is on the object being fully dealt with. Structure Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + 完 (+ 了) 了 is often added at the end to mark completion as a past event. Example Sentences 他把作业做完了。 Tā...
方法论 (fānfǎlùn) — methodology
方法论 (fāngfǎlùn) 方法论 refers to methodology -- the systematic study, framework, or set of principles governing the methods used in a particular discipline or field of inquiry. Meanings [noun] methodology (the study of or framework for methods) [noun] methodological approach (guiding principles behind how one works) Example Sentences 社会科学的研究方法论与自然科学存在显著差异。 Shèhuì kēxué de yánjiū fāngfǎlùn yǔ zìrán kēxué cúnzài xiǎnzhù chāyì. The research methodology of social sciences differs significantly from that...
预防 (yùfáng) — prevention; to prevent
预防 (yùfáng) 预防 means to prevent or take precautionary measures against something undesirable, especially illness or disaster. It is widely used in public health and safety contexts. Meanings [verb] to prevent; to take precautions against [noun] prevention; precautionary measures Example Sentences 洗手是预防传染病最有效的方法之一。 Xǐshǒu shì yùfáng chuánrǎnbìng zuì yǒuxiào de fāngfǎ zhī yī. Washing hands is one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. 政府采取了多种措施来预防流感的传播。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le duō...
主动 (zhǔdòng) — active; proactive; initiative
主动 (zhǔdòng) 主动 describes doing something on one's own initiative, without being asked or forced, conveying a proactive and self-driven attitude. Meanings [adjective] proactive, taking the initiative, acting independently [adverb] on one's own initiative, voluntarily Example Sentences 她主动帮助同事解决问题。 Tā zhǔdòng bāngzhù tóngshì jiějué wèntí. She proactively helped her colleagues solve problems. 学生应该主动参与课堂讨论。 Xuéshēng yīnggāi zhǔdòng cānyù kètáng tǎolùn. Students should actively participate in classroom discussions. 他主动提出要承担这项任务。 Tā zhǔdòng tíchū yào...
精神 (jīngshén) — spirit; mind; mental
精神 (jīngshén) 精神 is a versatile word meaning spirit, mind, or essence. It can refer to a person's mental state and energy, the guiding principle of a document or idea, or (as an adjective) someone who appears lively and vigorous. Meanings [noun] spirit; mind; mental state; energy [noun] essence; guiding principle (of a policy, text, or movement) [adjective] energetic; lively; sharp-looking (colloquial) Example Sentences 经过一夜的好眠，他今天精神焕发，干劲十足。 Jīngguò yī yè de hǎo...
预防 (yùfáng) — to prevent; prevention
预防 (yùfáng) 预防 means to take preventive measures against something harmful before it occurs, and is widely used in medicine, public health, safety, and policy contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to prevent; to take precautions against; to guard against [noun] prevention; precaution Example Sentences 定期体检有助于预防疾病的发生，做到早发现早治疗。 Dìngqī tǐjiǎn yǒuzhù yú yùfáng jíbìng de fāshēng, zuòdào zǎo fāxiàn zǎo zhìliáo. Regular physical examinations help prevent the occurrence of disease, enabling early...
红 (hóng) — red
红 (hóng) 红 means red. In Chinese culture red symbolizes good luck, happiness, and celebration. It appears frequently in words related to festivals, envelopes, and traffic lights. Meanings [adjective] Red (the color). [adjective] Popular, successful (informal, as in 走红 "to become famous"). Example Sentences 她穿了一件红裙子。 Tā chuān le yī jiàn hóng qúnzi. She wore a red dress. 红灯停，绿灯行。 Hóng dēng tíng, lǜ dēng xíng. Stop on red, go on green....
组建 (zǔjiàn) — to establish; to form
组建 (zǔjiàn) 组建 means to form or establish an organised group, team, institution, or structure from scratch. It implies deliberate assembly of people or elements into a new functional unit. Meanings [verb] to form; to establish; to set up; to build (a team, organisation, or structure) Example Sentences 政府决定组建一支专业的应急救援队伍，应对各类自然灾害。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng zǔjiàn yī zhī zhuānyè de yīngjí jiùyuán duìwǔ, yìngduì gè lèi zìrán zāihài. The government decided to form a...
举例 (jǔlì) — to give an example; to cite
举例 (jǔlì) 举例 means to give or cite an example in order to explain, illustrate, or support a point in a discussion or writing. Meanings [verb] to give an example, to cite an instance as illustration Example Sentences 老师举例说明了这个语法规则。 Lǎoshī jǔlì shuōmíng le zhège yǔfǎ guīzé. The teacher gave an example to explain this grammar rule. 我可以举个例子来帮你理解吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ jǔ gè lìzi lái bāng nǐ lǐjiě ma? Can I give...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound; voice
声音 (shēngyīn) 声音 refers to any kind of sound, including a person's voice, music, or noise from the environment. Meanings [noun] sound; voice; noise Example Sentences 外面的声音太大，我睡不着。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn tài dà, wǒ shuì bù zháo. The noise outside is too loud and I cannot fall asleep. 她的声音很好听，像在唱歌。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng, xiàng zài chànggē. Her voice is very pleasant, like she is singing. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīngdào le yīgè...
条约 (tiáoyuē) — treaty
条约 (tiáoyuē) A formally negotiated and ratified agreement between two or more sovereign states, binding under international law -- the highest form of international legal commitment. Meanings [noun] treaty, international agreement, pact Example Sentences 两国正式签署了自由贸易条约。 Liǎng guó zhèngshì qiānshǔle zìyóu màoyì tiáoyuē. The two countries formally signed a free trade treaty. 这项条约在第二次世界大战结束后对国际秩序的重建发挥了重要作用。 Zhè xiàng tiáoyuē zài dì èr cì shìjiè dàzhàn jiéshù hòu duì guójì zhìxù de chóngjiàn fāhuīle zhòngyào...
创伤 (chuāngshāng) — trauma, wound
创伤 (chuāngshāng) 创伤 refers to both physical wounds and, increasingly, psychological trauma resulting from deeply distressing experiences. In medical contexts it means an injury or wound, while in psychology it refers to lasting emotional damage from events such as abuse, loss, or disaster. The word bridges the physical and emotional dimensions of suffering. Meanings noun trauma, wound; a physical injury or a deep psychological scar Example Sentences 战争给许多人留下了难以愈合的创伤。 Zhànzhēng gěi...
百 (bǎi) — hundred
百 (bǎi) The word for one hundred; in compound numbers, 一 before 百 is often dropped in colloquial speech (一百 → 百, though 一百 is always correct). Gaps between non-consecutive digits require 零: 一百零五 = 105. Meanings [number] Hundred, one hundred. [adjective] All kinds of, a great many (in idioms: 百分之百, one hundred percent; 百姓, common people). Example Sentences 这本书一百二十页。 Zhè běn shū yī bǎi èrshí yè. This book has...
解读 (jiědú) — to interpret; to decode
解读 (jiědú) 解读 means to interpret or decode the meaning of a text, policy, event, or signal, and is widely used in media commentary, academic analysis, and critical discourse. Meanings [verb] to interpret; to decode; to read the meaning of [noun] an interpretation; a reading of meaning Example Sentences 专家们对这项新政策提出了不同的解读。 Zhuānjiāmen duì zhè xiàng xīn zhèngcè tíchūle bùtóng de jiědú. Experts offered different interpretations of this new policy. 这首诗可以从多个角度进行解读。 Zhè...
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) — application, app
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) 应用程序 is the formal term for a software application or app. It is commonly shortened to 应用 (yìngyòng) or even 软件 in daily conversation, but 应用程序 is used in technical and written contexts. Meanings [noun] application; app; a software program designed to perform a specific task Example Sentences 我下载了一个学中文的应用程序。 Wǒ xiàzài le yí gè xué zhōngwén de yìngyòng chéngxù. I downloaded a Chinese learning application. 这个应用程序需要更新。 Zhège...
现代 (xiàndài) — modern; contemporary
现代 (xiàndài) 现代 refers to the present age or describes things that belong to current times, in contrast to the traditional or ancient. Meanings [adj/noun] modern; contemporary; the modern era Example Sentences 现代科技改变了我们的生活方式。 Xiàndài kējì gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Modern technology has changed our way of life. 这座城市的建筑非常现代。 Zhè zuò chéngshì de jiànzhú fēicháng xiàndài. The architecture of this city is very modern. 她喜欢现代艺术，不太喜欢古典画。 Tā xǐhuān xiàndài yìshù,...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing / stuff
东西 (dōngxi) A noun meaning things or stuff. In its idiomatic sense (neutral tone on 西: dōngxi), it refers to objects, items, or stuff in general. In its literal sense (both syllables fully toned: dōng xī), it means "east and west," the two compass directions. The idiomatic meaning is by far the more common at HSK 1. Meanings [noun] Things, stuff, objects, items (idiomatic, very common). [noun] East and west,...
到 (dào) — to arrive; to (a destination)
到 (dào) 到 means "to arrive" as a main verb and serves as a result complement attached to verbs to indicate that the action successfully reached its target. Meanings [verb] To arrive; to reach (a place or time). [result complement] Attached to a verb (V + 到) to show the action achieved its goal or reached a point. Example Sentences 他到了。 Tā dào le. He has arrived. 我们到北京了。 Wǒmen dào...
培养 (péiyǎng) — to cultivate; to nurture
培养 (péiyǎng) 培养 means to cultivate, nurture, or develop talents, skills, habits, or people through deliberate effort over time, with a positive connotation of growth and development. Meanings [verb] to cultivate; to nurture; to develop; to train; to foster Example Sentences 学校的目标是培养学生的创造力和批判性思维。 Xuéxiào de mùbiāo shì péiyǎng xuésheng de chuàngzào lì hé pīpàn xìng sīwéi. The school's goal is to cultivate students' creativity and critical thinking. 她从小就培养了对音乐的热爱。 Tā cóng xiǎo...
有趣 (yǒuqù) — interesting / fun
有趣 (yǒuqù) 有趣 means interesting, fun, or amusing. It describes something that captures your attention and makes you want to learn more or engage with it. 有 means to have, and 趣 means interest or charm. A related word is 有意思 (yǒu yìsi), which also means interesting or meaningful. Both are common, but 有趣 leans more toward fun and amusing, while 有意思 leans more toward thought-provoking or meaningful. Meanings [adjective]...
培养 (péiyǎng) — to cultivate; to train; to develop
培养 (péiyǎng) 培养 means to cultivate, train, or develop a person or quality over time through deliberate effort and care. Meanings [verb] to cultivate or nurture (talent, ability, habits) [verb] to train or develop (a person, skill, or interest) Example Sentences 学校要培养学生的创造力。 Xuéxiào yào péiyǎng xuéshēng de chuàngzàolì. The school aims to cultivate students' creativity. 父母应该培养孩子的好习惯。 Fùmǔ yīnggāi péiyǎng háizi de hǎo xíguàn. Parents should develop good habits in their...
高兴 (gāoxìng) — happy; glad; pleased
高兴 (gāoxìng) 高兴 describes a bright, uplifted mood of gladness or pleasure, often triggered by a positive event. Meanings [adj] happy; glad; pleased; in good spirits Example Sentences 听到你要来，我真的很高兴！ Tīng dào nǐ yào lái, wǒ zhēn de hěn gāoxìng! Hearing that you are coming, I am really happy! 他通过考试了，全家都很高兴。 Tā tōngguò kǎoshì le, quánjiā dōu hěn gāoxìng. He passed the exam and the whole family was pleased. 高兴的时候，她喜欢唱歌。 Gāoxìng de...
必须 (bìxū) — must
必须 (bìxū) 必须 expresses a strong obligation or necessity. It means "must" or "have to," and is stronger than 应该 (yīnggāi — should). The negative form is 不必 (bùbì — don't need to) rather than 不必须. Meanings [modal verb] Must; have to; it is necessary to. Example Sentences 你必须按时交作业。 Nǐ bìxū ànshí jiāo zuòyè. You must hand in your homework on time. 进入这里必须出示证件。 Jìnrù zhèlǐ bìxū chūshì zhèngjiàn. You must...
效果 (xiàoguǒ) — effect; result; impact
效果 (xiàoguǒ) 效果 refers to the effect, result, or impression that an action, plan, or treatment produces. Meanings [noun] Effect; result; outcome; impact. Example Sentences 这个治疗方法的效果很明显。 Zhège zhìliáo fāngfǎ de xiàoguǒ hěn míngxiǎn. The effect of this treatment is very noticeable. 这部电影的视觉效果令人印象深刻。 Zhè bù diànyǐng de shìjué xiàoguǒ lìng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. The visual effects of this movie are impressive. 新政策取得了良好的效果。 Xīn zhèngcè qǔdéle liánghǎo de xiàoguǒ. The new policy...
危险 (wēixiǎn) — dangerous
危险 (wēixiǎn) 危险 means dangerous or risky. As an adjective it describes a person, place, or action that poses a threat. As a noun it refers to danger or risk itself. Meanings [adjective] Dangerous; risky; hazardous. [noun] Danger; risk; peril. Example Sentences 这条路很危险，晚上不要一个人走。 Zhè tiáo lù hěn wēixiǎn, wǎnshang bú yào yīgè rén zǒu. This road is very dangerous; don't walk it alone at night. 游泳时不注意安全很危险。 Yóuyǒng shí bù zhùyì...
题目 (títu) — title / topic / question
题目 (títu) 题目 covers the title of an essay, book, or speech, the topic or subject of a discussion, and an exam or exercise question. It is closely related to 题 (tí) alone, but 题目 is the full form used in most formal and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] Title; heading (of an essay, article, or work). [noun] Topic; subject (of a speech or discussion). [noun] Question; exercise problem (in a...
健康 (jiànkāng) — health; healthy
健康 (jiànkāng) 健康 refers to a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and as an adjective it describes something or someone that is in good health or functions properly and positively. Meanings [noun] health; good health (the state of being physically and mentally well) [adjective] healthy; sound; well (in good health; functioning positively and properly) Example Sentences 世界卫生组织将健康定义为身体、心理和社会方面的完好状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病。 Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī jiāng jiànkāng dìngyì wéi shēntǐ, xīnlǐ hé shèhuì...
通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng) — inflation
通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng) 通货膨胀 is the standard Chinese term for inflation, referring to the general and sustained rise in prices across an economy, and is essential vocabulary for economics, finance, and current affairs discussions. Meanings [noun] inflation; a sustained increase in the general price level Example Sentences 持续的通货膨胀使普通家庭的实际购买力不断下降。 Chíxù de tōnghuò péngzhàng shǐ pǔtōng jiātíng de shíjì gòumǎilì bùduàn xiàjiàng. Sustained inflation has continuously reduced the real purchasing power of...
帽子 (màozi) — hat, cap
帽子 (màozi) 帽子 means hat or cap, any head covering. The 子 is a common noun suffix. It covers all types: baseball caps, winter hats, sun hats, etc. Meanings [noun] Hat, cap. Example Sentences 他戴着一顶红帽子。 Tā dài zhe yī dǐng hóng màozi. He is wearing a red hat. 外面很冷，记得戴帽子。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, jìde dài màozi. It is very cold outside, remember to wear a hat. 这顶帽子多少钱？ Zhè dǐng màozi duōshao...
认为 (rènwéi) — to think / believe
认为 (rènwéi) 认为 is the standard verb for expressing opinions and beliefs. It introduces a subordinate clause with the speaker's viewpoint, equivalent to "I think that..." or "I believe that..." in English. Meanings [verb] To think; to believe; to consider; to hold the view that. Example Sentences 我认为这个想法很好。 Wǒ rènwéi zhège xiǎngfǎ hěn hǎo. I think this idea is very good. 她认为学好汉语需要努力。 Tā rènwéi xuéhǎo Hànyǔ xūyào nǔlì. She believes...
请假 (qǐngjià) — to ask for leave / take time off
请假 (qǐngjià) 请假 is a verb meaning to formally request time off from work, school, or another obligation. 请 means "to request" and 假 here means "leave / time off" (not "fake"). It is used any time you need to notify a supervisor or teacher that you will be absent. Meanings [verb] To ask for leave; to request time off; to take a day off (with permission). Example Sentences 我明天要请假去看医生。...
接 (jiē) — to pick up / answer / receive
接 (jiē) 接 is a versatile verb with several related meanings: to pick someone up (from a place), to answer a phone call, or to receive something passed to you. All meanings share the core idea of bringing something toward you or making a connection. Meanings [verb] To pick up a person; to go and collect someone. [verb] To answer (a phone call): 接电话. [verb] To receive or catch something...
发展 (fāzhǎn) — development / to develop
发展 (fāzhǎn) 发展 functions as both a noun and a verb. As a noun it means development or growth. As a verb it means to develop, expand, or grow. It is widely used for economic, personal, technological, and social contexts. Meanings [noun] Development; growth; progress. [verb] To develop; to expand; to grow. Example Sentences 中国的经济发展很快。 Zhōngguó de jīngjì fāzhǎn hěn kuài. China's economic development is very fast. 我们需要发展新技术。 Wǒmen xūyào...
很 (hěn) — very, quite (intensifier)
很 (hěn) An adverb most often translated as "very," used before adjectives and some verbs. However, 很 does not always carry strong intensifying meaning. In many sentences, it serves as a neutral linking tone required by Chinese sentence structure, and the translation may simply be "is" rather than "is very." Meanings [adverb] Very, quite. Intensifies an adjective when stressed. [adverb] Neutral copula tone. Precedes adjective predicates in simple statements without...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) Noodles, a core staple food in Chinese cuisine alongside rice. 面 refers to flour or dough, and 条 means "strip" or "strand." Together they describe the long strips made from dough. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Long, thin strips of dough made from wheat flour, served in soups or with sauces. Example Sentences 我想吃面条。 Wǒ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles. 你喜欢吃米饭还是面条？ Nǐ xǐhuān chī mǐfàn háishì miàntiáo?...
材料科学 (cáiliào kēxué) — materials science
材料科学 (cáiliào kēxué) 材料科学 is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic and molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It bridges physics, chemistry, and engineering to develop new materials for applications ranging from semiconductors to biomaterials and aerospace composites. Meanings [noun] materials science; the scientific discipline studying the composition, structure, properties, and performance of materials Example Sentences 材料科学的进步直接推动了半导体和新能源产业的发展。 Cáiliào kēxué de jìnbù zhíjiē...
翻 (fān) — to turn over; to flip through
翻 (fān) 翻 means to turn something over, flip through pages, or cross over a barrier such as a wall or mountain. Meanings [verb] to turn over; to flip; to browse through; to cross over Example Sentences 他翻了翻书，找到了那一页。 Tā fān le fān shū, zhǎodào le nà yī yè. He flipped through the book and found that page. 请翻到第三十页。 Qǐng fān dào dì sānshí yè. Please turn to page thirty. 孩子把桌上的东西都翻了一遍。...
竞争 (jìngzhēng) — to compete; competition
竞争 (jìngzhēng) 竞争 describes the act of competing against others for a shared objective, whether it is a prize, a job, a market share, or recognition. As a noun it refers to competition in general, and it can carry either a positive (motivating) or negative (harmful) connotation depending on context. Meanings [verb] To compete; to contend; to vie. [noun] Competition; rivalry. Example Sentences 在全球化的背景下，企业面临越来越激烈的市场竞争。 Zài quánqiú huà de bèijǐng xià,...
就 (jiù) — right away; as early as
就 (jiù) 就 is a timing adverb that conveys the sense of "right away," "as early as," or "already at that point." It emphasizes that something happens quickly, early, or with little delay. Meanings [adverb] Right away; immediately; as soon as. [adverb] Already (at an earlier-than-expected time). [adverb] Then; in that case (in conditional sentences). Example Sentences 我五点就起床了。 Wǒ wǔ diǎn jiù qǐchuáng le. I was up as early as...
聪明 (cōngmíng) — intelligent; clever; smart
聪明 (cōngmíng) 聪明 describes someone with a quick, sharp mind who can understand and learn things easily. Meanings [adj] intelligent; clever; smart; bright-minded Example Sentences 这个孩子非常聪明，学什么都很快。 Zhège háizi fēicháng cōngmíng, xué shénme dōu hěn kuài. This child is very smart and learns everything quickly. 聪明的人知道什么时候该说话。 Cōngmíng de rén zhīdào shénme shíhou gāi shuōhuà. A clever person knows when to speak. 她用了一个聪明的办法解决了问题。 Tā yòng le yī gè cōngmíng de bànfǎ jiějué...
竞争 (jìngzhēng) — competition; to compete
竞争 (jìngzhēng) 竞争 refers to the act of competing against others for a limited resource, goal, or position, and is a central concept in economics, business, and social science. Meanings [verb] to compete; to contend [noun] competition; rivalry; contest Example Sentences 全球市场上的竞争越来越激烈，企业压力与日俱增。 Quánqiú shìchǎng shàng de jìngzhēng yuèlái yuè jīliè, qǐyè yālì yǔ rì jù zēng. Competition in the global market is getting fiercer, and pressure on enterprises is growing...
主动 (zhǔdòng) — active; take initiative
主动 (zhǔdòng) 主动 describes the quality of acting proactively, on one's own accord, rather than waiting to be told or prompted by others. Meanings [adjective] active; proactive; taking the lead [adverb] on one's own initiative; voluntarily; without being asked Example Sentences 她主动帮我搬家，我很感动。 Tā zhǔdòng bāng wǒ bānjiā, wǒ hěn gǎndòng. She proactively helped me move house, and I was very touched. 学生应该主动问问题。 Xuésheng yīnggāi zhǔdòng wèn wèntí. Students should actively...
输 (shū) — to lose (a competition)
输 (shū) 输 is the opposite of 赢 (yíng), and refers to losing a competition, game, bet, or argument. Meanings [verb] to lose; to be defeated in a competition or game Example Sentences 我们队昨天输了比赛。 Wǒmen duì zuótiān shū le bǐsài. Our team lost the match yesterday. 他下棋从来不愿意输。 Tā xià qí cónglái bù yuànyì shū. He never wants to lose at chess. 输了没关系，重要的是参与。 Shū le méi guānxi, zhòngyào de shì cānyù....
除了 (chúle) — besides; except
除了 (chúle) 除了 introduces either an exception ("except for X, everything else...") or an addition ("besides X, also..."). The meaning flips based on what follows. With 都 it usually means "except"; with 还/也 it means "in addition to." The paired word 以外 (yǐwài) can optionally close the phrase. Meanings [preposition] Except for; other than. 除了X，都... — "Except for X, everything/everyone..." [preposition] Besides; in addition to. 除了X，还/也... — "Besides X, also..."...
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) — although; even though; despite
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) Although or even though introduces a concessive clause, acknowledging a fact or condition while showing that an unexpected or contrasting result still holds true. Meanings [conjunction] although; even though; despite; in spite of (introduces a concessive clause) [adverb] feel free to; go ahead and (in a different usage: "don't hesitate to") Example Sentences 尽管困难重重，他仍然坚持完成了任务。 Jǐnguǎn kùnnán zhòngzhòng, tā réngrán jiānchí wánchéngle rènwù. Although there were many difficulties, he...
早上 (zǎoshang) — morning, early morning
早上 (zǎoshang) 早上 means early morning, the time from when you wake up to roughly 9 a.m. It implies the very beginning of the day and is slightly earlier than 上午 (shàngwǔ). Meanings [noun] Early morning, morning (approximately 6:00 to 9:00). Example Sentences 早上好！ Zǎoshang hǎo! Good morning! 我每天早上六点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at six every morning. 早上我喜欢喝咖啡。 Zǎoshang wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. In the...
下载 (xiàzài) — to download
下载 (xiàzài) 下载 means to download, referring to transferring files, apps, or data from the internet or a server to a local device. It is one of the most commonly used tech verbs in everyday Chinese. Meanings [verb] to download; to transfer data from a remote source to a local device Example Sentences 我需要下载这个应用程序。 Wǒ xūyào xiàzài zhège yìngyòng chéngxù. I need to download this application. 文件太大，下载需要一点时间。 Wénjiàn tài dà,...
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) — although; even though
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) 尽管 is a conjunction meaning "although" or "even though," used to introduce a clause that acknowledges a fact while the main clause states a contrasting or unexpected result. Meanings [conjunction] although; even though; despite the fact that Example Sentences 尽管很累，他还是坚持完成了工作。 Jǐnguǎn hěn lèi, tā háishì jiānchí wánchéngle gōngzuò. Although he was very tired, he still persisted and finished the work. 尽管困难重重，我们没有放弃。 Jǐnguǎn kùnnán chóngchóng, wǒmen méiyǒu fàngqì. Even...
演绎 (yǎnyì) — to deduce; to perform, to adapt
演绎 (yǎnyì) 演绎 has two major senses. In logic and academia, it means to deduce — to derive specific conclusions from general principles (deductive reasoning). In arts and performance, it means to perform, enact, or adapt — to bring a story, role, or theme to life. This duality makes it a versatile word used in both intellectual and creative contexts. Meanings [v] to deduce; to reason deductively from general to...
进化 (jìnhuà) — evolution; to evolve
进化 (jìnhuà) 进化 describes the process of evolution or progressive development to a more advanced or complex state, used in both its strict biological sense and more broadly for technology, society, or ideas. Meanings [noun/verb] evolution; to evolve (biological sense) [noun/verb] progressive development; to advance to a higher form Example Sentences 达尔文的进化论彻底改变了人类对自身起源的认识。 Dá'ěrwén de jìnhuà lùn chèdǐ gǎibiànle rénlèi duì zìshēn qǐyuán de rènshi. Darwin's theory of evolution fundamentally changed...
深化 (shēnhuà) — to deepen, to intensify
深化 (shēnhuà) 深化 means to deepen or intensify, implying that something already existing is made more thorough, profound, or comprehensive, rather than simply adding more of the same. Meanings [verb] to deepen, to intensify, to make more thorough or profound [verb] to advance to a deeper level (of reform, cooperation, understanding) Example Sentences 两国领导人表示将进一步深化双边合作关系。 Liǎng guó lǐngrén biǎoshì jiāng jìnyībù shēnhuà shuāngbiān hézuò guānxi. The leaders of the two countries...
中文 (Zhōngwén) — Chinese (written/general)
中文 (Zhōngwén) The Chinese language, with an emphasis on the written form or the language in general. 中 means "Chinese" (as in China) and 文 means "writing," "text," or "language." Compare with 汉语 (Hànyǔ), which focuses more on spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language, written Chinese. The language of China, often used when referring to Chinese text, books, or general language ability. Example Sentences 这本书是中文的。 Zhè běn shū shì Zhōngwén...
积极 (jījí) — positive; active; enthusiastic
积极 (jījí) 积极 describes a proactive, enthusiastic, or constructive attitude toward something, as well as the positive effect or impact of an action or change. Meanings [adjective] positive; proactive; active; enthusiastic [adjective] constructive; beneficial (referring to effects or influences) Example Sentences 她对新项目表现出极大的积极性，主动承担了很多任务。 Tā duì xīn xiàngmù biǎoxiàn chū jídà de jījíxìng, zhǔdòng chéngdān le hěn duō rènwù. She showed great enthusiasm for the new project and proactively took on many...
追 (zhuī) — to chase; to pursue
追 (zhuī) 追 means to run after or chase something, and by extension to actively pursue a goal, dream, or romantic interest. Meanings [verb] to chase; to run after someone or something to catch them [verb] to pursue; to seek after a goal, dream, or romantic partner Example Sentences 那只狗在追一只猫。 Nà zhī gǒu zài zhuī yī zhī māo. That dog is chasing a cat. 警察追上了那个小偷。 Jǐngchá zhuī shàng le nà...
法律 (fǎlǜ) — Law, legal
法律 (fǎlǜ) 法律 refers to the system of rules and regulations that a society or state creates and enforces to govern behavior and protect rights. Meanings [noun] law; the law; legal system Example Sentences 任何人都必须遵守法律，没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。 Rènhé rén dōu bìxū zūnshǒu fǎlǜ, méi yǒu rén kěyǐ língjià yú fǎlǜ zhī shàng. Everyone must obey the law; no one can be above the law. 这家公司的行为已经触犯了相关法律。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de xíngwéi yǐjīng chùfànle...
积极 (jījí) — positive; active; proactive; enthusiastic
积极 (jījí) 积极 describes a positive, proactive, and energetic attitude or approach. It implies initiative and constructive engagement rather than passivity. It is frequently used to encourage people to take an active role and maintain a positive mindset. Meanings [adjective] Positive; active; proactive; enthusiastic; constructive. Example Sentences 她对工作始终保持积极的态度，深受同事和领导的喜爱。 Tā duì gōngzuò shǐzhōng bǎochí jījí de tàidù, shēn shòu tóngshì hé lǐngdǎo de xǐài. She always maintains a positive attitude toward...
疫苗 (yìmiáo) — vaccine
疫苗 (yìmiáo) 疫苗 refers to a medical preparation introduced into the body to stimulate immunity against a specific disease, a term that became widely used in everyday Chinese during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanings [noun] vaccine; a preparation that provides immunity against a disease Example Sentences 科学家用不到一年的时间就研发出了新冠疫苗。 Kēxuéjiā yòng bù dào yī nián de shíjiān jiù yánfā chū le xīnguān yìmiáo. Scientists developed a COVID-19 vaccine in less than a year....
法律 (fǎlǜ) — law, legislation
法律 (fǎlǜ) 法律 refers to law as a formal system of rules created and enforced by society or government. It covers both specific laws and the general concept of the legal system. Meanings n law, legislation, the law Example Sentences 每个公民都应该遵守法律。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yīnggāi zūnshǒu fǎlǜ. Every citizen should abide by the law. 法律面前人人平等。 Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. Everyone is equal before the law. 这项行为违反了国家法律。 Zhè xiàng xíngwéi...
平衡 (pínghéng) — balanced; to balance
平衡 (pínghéng) 平衡 means balance or equilibrium, and can be used as an adjective to describe a balanced state or as a verb meaning to balance or keep in balance. Meanings [adjective] balanced; in equilibrium [verb] to balance; to keep in balance Example Sentences 要保持工作和生活的平衡。 Yào bǎochí gōngzuò hé shēnghuó de pínghéng. It's important to maintain a balance between work and life. 他的饮食很平衡，每天吃不同种类的食物。 Tā de yǐnshí hěn pínghéng, měitiān chī...
经过 (jīngguò) — to pass by / through
经过 (jīngguò) 经过 means to pass by a place or go through a process. As a preposition it introduces the means or process through which a result was achieved. Meanings [verb] To pass by; to pass through (a place or process). [preposition] After; through; as a result of (introducing a process). Example Sentences 我每天上学都要经过那个公园。 Wǒ měitiān shàngxué dōu yào jīngguò nàgè gōngyuán. I pass by that park every day on...
制度 (zhìdù) — system, institution, rules
制度 (zhìdù) 制度 refers to an established system of rules, regulations, or institutional arrangements that govern behavior or operations within a society, organization, or domain. Meanings [noun] system, institution (of rules and regulations) [noun] institutional arrangement, established practice or rule Example Sentences 完善的社会保障制度是社会稳定的重要基础。 Wánshàn de shèhuì bǎozhàng zhìdù shì shèhuì wěndìng de zhòng yào jīchǔ. A sound social security system is an important foundation for social stability. 这所学校实行严格的考勤制度。 Zhè suǒ...
第一 (dìyī) — first
第一 (dìyī) The ordinal number "first," formed by placing the prefix 第 (dì) before any cardinal number; this pattern applies to all ordinals (第二 = second, 第三 = third, etc.) and is used in sequences, rankings, and lists. Meanings [ordinal number] First, number one in a sequence or ranking. [adjective] Primary, most important (第一重要 = of primary importance). Example Sentences 她是我们班第一名。 Tā shì wǒmen bān dìyī míng. She is first...
下降 (xiàjiàng) — to decline, to decrease, to fall
下降 (xiàjiàng) 下降 describes a measurable decline, decrease, or downward movement in quantity, level, or degree, and is the counterpart to 上升 (to rise). Meanings [verb] to decline, to decrease, to fall, to drop (in level, quantity, or degree) [noun] decline, decrease, fall (often used in compound structures) Example Sentences 今年冬季气温明显下降，多地出现寒潮。 Jīnnián dōngjì qìwēn míngxiǎn xiàjiàng, duō dì chūxiàn hán cháo. This winter temperatures have dropped noticeably, with cold waves...
物联网 (wù lián wǎng) — Internet of Things (IoT)
物联网 (wù lián wǎng) 物联网 refers to the Internet of Things (IoT) -- the vast network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data over the internet. Meanings [noun] Internet of Things (IoT); the network connecting physical objects via the internet Example Sentences 物联网技术正在改变人们的日常生活和工业生产方式。 Wù lián wǎng jìshù zhèngzài gǎibiàn rénmen de rìcháng shēnghuó hé gōngyè shēngchǎn fāngshì. Internet of Things...
制度 (zhìdù) — system; institution; regime
制度 (zhìdù) 制度 refers to an established system, institution, or set of rules that governs how an organization or society functions. Meanings [noun] a system, institution, or established set of rules and regulations Example Sentences 这家公司建立了完善的管理制度。 Zhè jiā gōngsī jiànlì le wánshàn de guǎnlǐ zhìdù. This company has established a comprehensive management system. 良好的教育制度对国家发展很重要。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù zhìdù duì guójiā fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào. A good education system is very important...
下降 (xiàjiàng) — to decline; to fall; to drop
下降 (xiàjiàng) 下降 is the opposite of 上升, describing a downward movement in numbers, levels, or abstract measures such as quality, performance, or temperature. Meanings [verb] to decline, fall, or drop in position, level, or quantity Example Sentences 今天气温下降了很多。 Jīntiān qìwēn xiàjiàng le hěn duō. The temperature dropped a lot today. 公司的利润出现了下降。 Gōngsī de lìrùn chūxiàn le xiàjiàng. The company's profits showed a decline. 他的学习成绩开始下降。 Tā de xuéxí chéngjì kāishǐ...
主要 (zhǔyào) — main / primary / major
主要 (zhǔyào) Describes something as the most important, primary, or dominant element in a group or situation. Meanings [adjective] Main, primary, major, principal. [adverb] Mainly, primarily, chiefly. Example Sentences 这本书的主要内容是什么？ Zhè běn shū de zhǔyào nèiróng shì shénme? What is the main content of this book? 她主要负责销售工作。 Tā zhǔyào fùzé xiāoshòu gōngzuò. She is mainly responsible for sales work. 这里的主要交通工具是自行车。 Zhèlǐ de zhǔyào jiāotōng gōngjù shì zìxíngchē. The main mode...
随着 (suízhe) — along with; following; as
随着 (suízhe) 随着 means "along with" or "as (something changes/develops)." It introduces a driving factor or accompanying change, with the main clause describing what happens as a result. It highlights a parallel development between two things. Meanings [preposition] Along with; following; as — introduces a changing condition that is accompanied by a corresponding change in the main clause. Pattern 随着 + [changing factor] + [corresponding result/change] Example Sentences 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越方便。 Suízhe...
自动化 (zìdònghuà) — automation
自动化 (zìdònghuà) 自动化 refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal or no human intervention. It is central to discussions of industrial production, artificial intelligence, and the future of work. Meanings [noun] automation; the process or state of being automated [verb] to automate; to make (a process) automated Example Sentences 工厂引入自动化生产线后，效率大幅提升，人工成本显著降低。 Gōngchǎng yǐnrù zìdònghuà shēngchǎn xiàn hòu, xiàolǜ dàfú tíshēng, réngōng chéngběn xiǎnzhù jiàngdī. After factories introduced...
反映 (fǎnyìng) — to reflect; to report; to mirror
反映 (fǎnyìng) 反映 has two main uses: it can mean that something reflects or mirrors a situation (as a mirror reflects light), and it can mean to report or convey information, especially problems or opinions, to a relevant person or authority. Meanings [verb] To reflect; to mirror (a condition or reality). [verb] To report; to convey; to relay (feedback or a complaint). Example Sentences 这部电影真实地反映了当时社会的状况。 Zhè bù diànyǐng zhēnshí de...
交 (jiāo) — to hand over / to submit / to make (friends)
交 (jiāo) A verb meaning to hand over something to someone, to submit work, or to form a relationship such as friendship. Meanings [verb] To hand over, to submit, to deliver. [verb] To make (friends), to establish (a relationship). Example Sentences 请把作业交给老师。 Qǐng bǎ zuòyè jiāo gěi lǎoshī. Please hand the homework to the teacher. 他很容易交到朋友。 Tā hěn róngyì jiāo dào péngyǒu. He makes friends very easily. 你的报告明天要交。 Nǐ de...
思维 (sīwéi) — thinking, thought
思维 (sīwéi) 思维 refers to thinking as a cognitive activity or faculty, and to the characteristic modes or patterns in which thinking operates. It is more abstract and encompassing than 思路 (a specific train of thought) and is used in psychology, education, philosophy, and everyday discourse about the mind. Meanings [n] thinking, thought (the cognitive process or faculty) [n] mode of thinking, mindset (a characteristic pattern of thought) Example Sentences...
困惑 (kùnhuò) — confused; perplexed
困惑 (kùnhuò) 困惑 describes the state of being confused, perplexed, or baffled -- unable to understand or make sense of something, often with a sense of mental struggle. Meanings [adjective] confused; perplexed; puzzled; baffled [verb] to confuse; to perplex; to baffle Example Sentences 他对这个问题感到十分困惑。 Tā duì zhège wèntí gǎndào shífēn kùnhuò. He felt very confused about this question. 她的突然离开让所有人都感到困惑不解。 Tā de tūrán líkāi ràng suǒyǒu rén dōu gǎndào kùnhuò bùjiě....
漂亮 (piàoliang) — pretty; beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) 漂亮 describes something or someone that is visually beautiful or attractive. It can also describe an action done impressively well. Meanings [adjective] pretty; beautiful; attractive in appearance [adjective] well done; impressive; excellent (describing an action or result) Example Sentences 她穿了一条漂亮的裙子来参加聚会。 Tā chuān le yī tiáo piàoliang de qúnzi lái cānjiā jùhuì. She wore a pretty dress to the party. 这幅画画得真漂亮。 Zhè fú huà huà de zhēn piàoliang. This...
准时 (zhǔnshí) — on time; punctual
准时 (zhǔnshí) 准时 means doing something exactly at the scheduled or agreed time, neither early nor late. Meanings [adj/adv] on time; punctual; at the scheduled time Example Sentences 请大家明天八点准时到达。 Qǐng dàjiā míngtiān bā diǎn zhǔnshí dàodá. Please everyone arrive on time at eight o'clock tomorrow. 他每天都准时上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān dōu zhǔnshí shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He arrives at work on time every day and is never late. 火车准时出发，一分钟都没有晚。 Huǒchē zhǔnshí chūfā,...
技能 (jìnéng) — skill; technical ability
技能 (jìnéng) 技能 refers to a practical skill or technical ability that is acquired through training, study, or practice, and can be applied in work or daily life. Meanings [noun] skill; technical ability; practical competency Example Sentences 在数字化时代，掌握基本的计算机技能已经成为职场的基本要求。 Zài shùzìhuà shídài, zhǎngwò jīběn de jìsuànjī jìnéng yǐjīng chéngwéi zhíchǎng de jīběn yāoqiú. In the digital age, mastering basic computer skills has become a basic requirement in the workplace. 职业培训学校帮助年轻人掌握实用技能，为他们进入劳动力市场做好准备。 Zhíyè...
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) — in summary, to summarize
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) 综上所述 is a formal written phrase used to signal the beginning of a summary or final conclusion, equivalent to "in summary," "to sum up," or "as stated above." Meanings [phrase] in summary, to sum up, as stated above, in conclusion Example Sentences 综上所述，我们可以得出这个方法是有效的。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, wǒmen kěyǐ dé chū zhège fāngfǎ shì yǒuxiào de. In summary, we can conclude that this method is...
技能 (jìnéng) — skill; ability
技能 (jìnéng) 技能 refers to a practical skill or technical ability -- something learned and developed through training and practice. Meanings [noun] skill; technical ability; competence Example Sentences 沟通技能对工作很重要。 Gōutōng jìnéng duì gōngzuò hěn zhòngyào. Communication skills are very important for work. 他有很多实用的技能。 Tā yǒu hěn duō shíyòng de jìnéng. He has many practical skills. 学习新技能可以提升竞争力。 Xuéxí xīn jìnéng kěyǐ tíshēng jìngzhēnglì. Learning new skills can boost competitiveness. 这份工作需要计算机技能。 Zhè...
框架 (kuàngjià) — framework, structure
框架 (kuàngjià) 框架 refers to a framework, structure, or skeleton — the essential structural elements that define and support a system, plan, argument, or building. In intellectual and policy discourse, it often refers to conceptual frameworks, theoretical structures, or institutional arrangements. It is metaphorically extended from the physical meaning (frame of a building or picture). Meanings [n] framework, structure (the organizational skeleton of a system or argument) [n] frame, skeleton...
实现 (shíxiàn) — to realize; to achieve
实现 (shíxiàn) 实现 means to turn a dream, plan, or goal into reality through effort. Meanings [verb] to realize; to achieve; to fulfill; to make real Example Sentences 他终于实现了自己的梦想。 Tā zhōngyú shíxiàn le zìjǐ de mèngxiǎng. He finally realized his dream. 只要努力，你一定能实现目标。 Zhǐyào nǔlì, nǐ yīdìng néng shíxiàn mùbiāo. As long as you work hard, you can definitely achieve your goals. 这个计划很难实现。 Zhège jìhuà hěn nán shíxiàn. This plan is...
只有 (zhǐyǒu) — only if / only when
只有 (zhǐyǒu) 只有 means only or only if/when. It sets a single necessary condition. It almost always pairs with 才 in the second clause to mean "only when [condition], then [result]." Without 才, it can mean "there is only" one option or thing. Meanings [conjunction] Only if; only when (used in 只有...才... pattern to express a necessary condition). [adverb phrase] There is only; the only one. Example Sentences 只有努力学习，才能取得好成绩。 Zhǐyǒu...
刚 (gāng) — just / just now / barely
刚 (gāng) An adverb meaning something happened very recently (just now) or something barely meets a condition. Unlike 刚才 (gānɡcái, a time noun for the recent past), 刚 can modify ongoing and future-oriented statements. Meanings [adverb] Just, just now (action very recently completed or still fresh). [adverb] Barely, just enough (meeting a threshold exactly). Example Sentences 我刚到家，还没来得及休息。 Wǒ gāng dào jiā, hái méi láidejí xiūxi. I just got home and...
劣势 (lièshì) — Disadvantage
劣势 (lièshì) 劣势 refers to a position of weakness or inferiority compared to a competitor or rival. Meanings [noun] disadvantage; inferior position; the weaker side Example Sentences 我们在价格方面处于劣势。 Wǒmen zài jiàgé fāngmiàn chǔyú lièshì. We are at a disadvantage in terms of price. 了解自己的劣势才能改进。 Liǎojiě zìjǐ de lièshì cái néng gǎijìn. Only by understanding your disadvantages can you improve. 这支球队在体力上有明显劣势。 Zhè zhī qiúduì zài tǐlì shàng yǒu míngxiǎn lièshì. This...
显然 (xiǎnrán) — obviously; clearly; evidently
显然 (xiǎnrán) 显然 signals that something is obvious, clear, or self-evident, often used to introduce a conclusion the speaker considers undeniable. Meanings [adverb] Obviously; clearly; evidently; apparently. Example Sentences 他显然没有认真听讲。 Tā xiǎnrán méiyǒu rènzhēn tīng jiǎng. He obviously was not listening carefully. 显然，这个计划需要修改。 Xiǎnrán, zhège jìhuà xūyào xiūgǎi. Obviously, this plan needs to be revised. 她显然对这个结果感到不满。 Tā xiǎnrán duì zhège jiéguǒ gǎndào bùmǎn. She is clearly unhappy with this result....
表达 (biǎodá) — to express
表达 (biǎodá) 表达 means to express or communicate thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words or actions. Meanings [verb] to express; to convey; to communicate (ideas or feelings) Example Sentences 他不善于表达自己的感情。 Tā bù shànyú biǎodá zìjǐ de gǎnqíng. He is not good at expressing his feelings. 请用汉语表达你的想法。 Qǐng yòng Hànyǔ biǎodá nǐ de xiǎngfǎ. Please express your thoughts in Chinese. 她用鲜花表达了对妈妈的感谢。 Tā yòng xiānhuā biǎodá le duì māma de gǎnxiè. She...
厉害 (lìhai) — fierce / impressive
厉害 (lìhai) 厉害 describes something or someone as fierce, formidable, serious, or impressive. In everyday speech it is used both as a warning (this is no joke) and as enthusiastic praise (you are amazing). Context determines tone. Meanings [adjective] Fierce; serious; severe (of illness, pain, or a situation). [adjective] Formidable; impressive; capable (colloquial praise for a person or skill). Example Sentences 他的中文真厉害！ Tā de Zhōngwén zhēn lìhai! His Chinese is...
各 (gè) — each / various
各 (gè) 各 means each, every, or various. It refers to each individual member of a group, stressing that all are included. It is usually followed directly by a noun without a measure word, unlike 每 which uses measure words. Meanings [pronoun] Each; every; various; all (of a group individually). Example Sentences 各国代表都参加了会议。 Gè guó dàibiǎo dōu cānjiā le huìyì. Representatives from each country attended the meeting. 请各位同学注意。 Qǐng gè...
报道 (bàodào) — to report; news report
报道 (bàodào) 报道 refers to the act of reporting news or information by media outlets, as well as the resulting news report, coverage, or story itself. Meanings [verb] to report; to cover (news events); to make a report [noun] news report; coverage; reporting Example Sentences 这家报社派遣记者前往灾区进行实地报道，让全国人民了解灾情的真实情况。 Zhè jiā bàoshè pàiqiǎn jìzhě qiánwǎng zāiqū jìnxíng shídì bàodào, ràng quánguó rénmín liǎojiě zāiqíng de zhēnshí qíngkuàng. This newspaper sent reporters to the...
主题 (zhǔtí) — theme; topic; subject
主题 (zhǔtí) 主题 refers to the main theme, topic, or subject of a text, speech, event, or creative work. Meanings [noun] theme, main topic, or central subject of something Example Sentences 这篇文章的主题是环境保护。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de zhǔtí shì huánjìng bǎohù. The theme of this article is environmental protection. 今天会议的主题是提高工作效率。 Jīntiān huìyì de zhǔtí shì tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ. The topic of today's meeting is improving work efficiency. 这部电影的主题非常深刻。 Zhè bù diànyǐng...
朋友 (péngyou) — friend
朋友 (péngyou) 朋友 refers to a friend or companion, someone you have a close and friendly relationship with. Meanings [noun] friend; companion Example Sentences 他是我最好的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou. He is my best friend. 我和朋友一起去看电影。 Wǒ hé péngyou yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng. I went to see a movie with my friend. 交朋友对成长很重要。 Jiāo péngyou duì chéngzhǎng hěn zhòngyào. Making friends is very important for personal growth. 她在国外结交了很多新朋友。...
接受 (jiēshòu) — to accept
接受 (jiēshòu) 接受 means to accept or receive something willingly. It implies an active choice to take in a gift, an idea, advice, or a situation. It contrasts with 拒绝 (to refuse), and the two are natural antonyms. 接受 is broader in scope than 收到 (to receive a package) because it covers both physical reception and mental or emotional acceptance of an idea, criticism, or circumstance. Meanings [verb] To accept;...
分 (fēn) — minute; to divide; part
分 (fēn) 分 is used after a number to express minutes when telling the time. It also means "to divide" or "a portion," and appears in many compound words. Meanings [noun] Minute (unit of time, used after a number). [verb] To divide, to separate. [noun] A part, a portion, a score (in exams). Example Sentences 现在八点二十分。 Xiànzài bā diǎn èrshí fēn. It is now eight twenty. 我们还有五分钟。 Wǒmen hái yǒu...
调配 (diàopèi) — to allocate; to deploy
调配 (diàopèi) 调配 means to distribute, allocate, or coordinate resources, personnel, or materials according to need, and is a key term in logistics, management, and supply chain contexts. Meanings [verb] to allocate; to deploy; to coordinate and distribute; to blend (in cooking/pharmacy) Example Sentences 公司根据各部门的需求合理调配人力资源。 Gōngsī gēnjù gè bùmén de xūqiú hélǐ diàopèi rénlì zīyuán. The company rationally allocates human resources according to the needs of each department. 在紧急情况下，政府迅速调配物资支援灾区。 Zài...
收集 (shōují) — Collect
收集 (shōují) 收集 means to gather or collect things, whether physical objects, data, or information. Meanings [verb] to collect; to gather; to compile Example Sentences 研究人员收集了大量的数据进行分析。 Yánjiū rényuán shōujíle dàliàng de shùjù jìnxíng fēnxī. Researchers collected a large amount of data for analysis. 他从小就喜欢收集邮票。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù xǐhuān shōují yóupiào. He has enjoyed collecting stamps since he was young. 我们需要收集更多的证据才能做出判断。 Wǒmen xūyào shōují gèng duō de zhèngjù cái néng...
任务 (rènwù) — task
任务 (rènwù) 任务 refers to a task, mission, or assignment that has been given to someone and must be completed. It carries a sense of duty or responsibility. Meanings [noun] Task; mission; assignment; duty. Example Sentences 他成功地完成了任务。 Tā chénggōng de wánchéng le rènwù. He successfully completed the task. 我有一项重要任务需要完成。 Wǒ yǒu yī xiàng zhòngyào rènwù xūyào wánchéng. I have an important task to complete. 老师给我们布置了一个新任务。 Lǎoshī gěi wǒmen bùzhì le...
安慰 (ānwèi) — Comfort
安慰 (ānwèi) 安慰 means to comfort or console someone who is sad, worried, or distressed. Meanings [verb] to comfort; to console; to soothe [noun] comfort; consolation; solace Example Sentences 朋友的话给了她很大的安慰。 Péngyǒu de huà gěile tā hěn dà de ānwèi. Her friend's words gave her great comfort. 她失败后，家人纷纷赶来安慰她。 Tā shībài hòu, jiārén fēnfēn gǎn lái ānwèi tā. After she failed, her family all rushed over to comfort her. 有时候，一个拥抱胜过千言万语的安慰。 Yǒu shíhòu,...
慢性病 (mànxìngbìng) — chronic disease; chronic illness
慢性病 (mànxìngbìng) 慢性病 refers to chronic diseases or long-term health conditions that persist over an extended period, typically develop slowly, and often cannot be fully cured, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Meanings [noun] chronic disease; chronic illness; non-communicable disease (NCD) Example Sentences 随着生活水平的提高，慢性病的发病率也在不断上升，成为公共卫生的重大挑战。 Suízhe shēnghuó shuǐpíng de tígāo, mànxìngbìng de fābìnglǜ yě zài bùduàn shàngshēng, chéngwéi gōnggòng wèishēng de zhòngdà tiǎozhàn. As living standards have improved, the incidence...
引起 (yǐnqǐ) — to cause; to give rise to; to trigger
引起 (yǐnqǐ) 引起 describes one thing causing or triggering another, typically a reaction, feeling, problem, or event. Meanings [verb] To cause, to give rise to, to trigger, to arouse, to lead to. Example Sentences 这篇报道引起了社会各界的广泛关注和讨论。 Zhè piān bàodào yǐnqǐ le shèhuì gèjiè de guǎngfàn guānzhù hé tǎolùn. This report aroused widespread attention and discussion across all sectors of society. 长期不规律的饮食习惯可能引起多种慢性疾病。 Chángqī bù guīlǜ de yǐnshí xíguàn kěnéng yǐnqǐ duō zhǒng...
治理 (zhìlǐ) — Govern, governance, manage
治理 (zhìlǐ) 治理 means to govern, administer, or manage in a systematic and controlled way. It is used both for political governance and for the management of complex issues such as environmental problems. Meanings [verb] to govern; to administer; to manage; to bring under control [noun] governance; administration; management Example Sentences 良好的国家治理是社会稳定的基础。 Liánghǎo de guójiā zhìlǐ shì shèhuì wěndìng de jīchǔ. Good national governance is the foundation of social stability....
张 (zhāng) — measure word for flat things
张 (zhāng) A measure word used for flat, thin, sheet-like objects. 张 also means "to spread out" or "to open," which reflects the flat, spread nature of the objects it counts. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for flat, sheet-like objects such as paper, photos, tables, and maps. [verb] To spread out, to open (as in 张开, "open up"). What 张 counts 张 is used with: 纸 (zhǐ): paper — 一张纸 (one...
办公室 (bàngōngshì) — office
办公室 (bàngōngshì) 办公室 is an office, a place where administrative or professional work is carried out. Meanings [noun] office; a place where people work at desks Example Sentences 他的办公室在三楼。 Tā de bàngōngshì zài sān lóu. His office is on the third floor. 我每天八点到办公室上班。 Wǒ měitiān bā diǎn dào bàngōngshì shàngbān. I arrive at the office every day at eight o'clock. 办公室里有很多同事。 Bàngōngshì lǐ yǒu hěn duō tóngshì. There are many...
负债 (fùzhài) — to be in debt; debt; liabilities
负债 (fùzhài) 负债 describes the state of having debts or owing money, and in financial accounting it refers specifically to liabilities, making it essential vocabulary for finance, business reporting, and economic discussion. Meanings [verb] to be in debt; to owe money [noun] debt; liabilities; indebtedness Example Sentences 这家公司因过度扩张而负债累累。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yīn guòdù kuòzhāng ér fùzhài lěilěi. This company is deeply in debt due to overexpansion. 负债与资产的比率是评估企业财务健康的关键指标。 Fùzhài yǔ zīchǎn...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to a populated urban center as opposed to 农村 (nóngcūn, countryside) or 农村 (xiāngcūn, rural village). Both characters contribute to the meaning: 城 means a walled town or city, and 市 means market or municipality. Meanings [noun] City; urban area. Any significant populated urban settlement. Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one...
大家 (dàjiā) — everyone; everybody
大家 (dàjiā) 大家 means "everyone" or "everybody," referring to all members of a group present in the context. It is used both as a subject and as an object, and it is common in speeches, announcements, and group conversations. Meanings [pronoun] Everyone; everybody. Refers to all the people in a given group or context. Example Sentences 大家好！ Dàjiā hǎo! Hello everyone! 请大家安静一下。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng yīxià. Everyone please be quiet...
毕业 (bìyè) — to graduate; graduation
毕业 (bìyè) 毕业 means to graduate or finish a course of study, marking the completion of formal education at a school or university. Meanings [verb] to graduate; to complete a course of study [noun] graduation; the act of completing one's studies Example Sentences 她去年从大学毕业了。 Tā qùnián cóng dàxué bìyè le. She graduated from university last year. 毕业以后，他找到了一份好工作。 Bìyè yǐhòu, tā zhǎodào le yī fèn hǎo gōngzuò. After graduating, he found...
注意 (zhùyì) — to pay attention; attention
注意 (zhùyì) 注意 means to pay attention, to take note of, or to be careful about something. Meanings [verb] to pay attention to; to be mindful of; to take note [noun] attention; notice Example Sentences 请注意安全，小心地滑。 Qǐng zhùyì ānquán, xiǎoxīn dì huá. Please pay attention to safety; watch out for slippery ground. 上课时要注意听老师讲课。 Shàngkè shí yào zhùyì tīng lǎoshī jiǎngkè. During class you should pay attention to the teacher's lecture....
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy / allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. The key pattern is 对...过敏 (to be allergic to...). It can function as a verb (to have an allergy) or a noun (an allergy). It is essential vocabulary for discussing health and medical situations. Meanings [verb] To be allergic; to have an allergic reaction. [noun] Allergy; hypersensitivity. Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn. I...
是的 (shì de) — yes; that's right; indeed
是的 (shì de) 是的 means "yes," "that's right," or "indeed." It confirms or affirms that a stated fact is correct. Meanings [phrase] Yes; that's right; correct; indeed (factual affirmation). Example Sentences A: 你是老师吗？ B: 是的，我是老师。 A: Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma? B: Shì de, wǒ shì lǎoshī. A: Are you a teacher? B: Yes, I am a teacher. A: 他是你的朋友吗？ B: 是的。 A: Tā shì nǐ de péngyou ma? B: Shì...
专家 (zhuānjiā) — expert; specialist
专家 (zhuānjiā) 专家 refers to a person who has deep expertise or mastery in a particular field, equivalent to "expert" or "specialist" in English. Meanings [noun] an expert or specialist with advanced knowledge in a field Example Sentences 我们请了一位医学专家来给我们讲课。 Wǒmen qǐng le yī wèi yīxué zhuānjiā lái gěi wǒmen jiǎngkè. We invited a medical expert to give us a lecture. 这位专家在环境保护方面很有经验。 Zhè wèi zhuānjiā zài huánjìng bǎohù fāngmiàn hěn yǒu...
运动 (yùndòng) — exercise / sport / movement
运动 (yùndòng) 运动 covers physical activity broadly: it can mean doing exercise, playing a sport, or engaging in a social or political movement. In everyday speech it most often refers to working out or playing sports. It functions as both a noun and a verb. Meanings [noun / verb] Exercise; physical activity; to work out. [noun] Sport; athletic event. [noun] Movement; campaign (social or political). Example Sentences 我每天早上都去运动。 Wǒ měitiān...
不 (bù / bú) — not, no (negation)
不 (bù / bú) The primary negation word in Chinese. 不 negates actions in the present or future, habitual behaviors, states, and adjectives. It is pronounced bù in most contexts but changes to bú before fourth-tone syllables (tone sandhi). Meanings [adverb] Not. Negates verbs, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs in present, future, or general statements. 不 vs. 没: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 不. Use...
然后 (rán hòu) — then, after that
然后 (rán hòu) A conjunction used to connect two actions or events in sequence, meaning "then" or "after that." It always follows the first completed action and introduces what comes next. Meanings [conj] Then, after that (indicating sequence of events or steps). Example Sentences 我先吃早饭，然后去上班。 Wǒ xiān chī zǎofàn, rán hòu qù shàngbān. I eat breakfast first, then go to work. 先洗手，然后再吃东西。 Xiān xǐ shǒu, rán hòu zài chī dōngxi....
顾虑 (gùlǜ) — concern; misgiving; worry
顾虑 (gùlǜ) 顾虑 refers to a concern, reservation, or worry that causes hesitation, particularly a concern about potential consequences or side effects that prevents one from acting freely. Meanings [noun] concern; misgiving; reservation; scruple [verb] to worry about; to have reservations about; to be held back by concerns Example Sentences 他想提出自己的想法，但有些顾虑，担心会得罪同事。 Tā xiǎng tíchū zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ, dàn yǒuxiē gùlǜ, dānxīn huì dézuì tóngshì. He wanted to put forward his...
用药 (yòngyào) — to administer medication
用药 (yòngyào) 用药 refers to the act of administering, prescribing, or using medications in a clinical or therapeutic context. Beyond the basic meaning, it encompasses the full pharmacological decision-making process: drug selection, dosing, timing, and route of administration. At C2 level, it is used in pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, and medical ethics with an emphasis on rationality and precision. Meanings verb to administer medication; to prescribe or use pharmaceutical drugs therapeutically...
议题 (yìtí) — agenda item; issue for discussion
议题 (yìtí) 议题 refers to a specific issue or topic placed on an agenda for formal discussion, debate, or negotiation, and is a staple of political, diplomatic, and organizational language. Meanings [noun] agenda item; topic for discussion; issue Example Sentences 气候变化是本次峰会的核心议题。 Qìhòu biànhuà shì běncì fēnghuì de héxīn yìtí. Climate change is the central agenda item of this summit. 双方就多个议题展开了深入讨论。 Shuāngfāng jiù duō gè yìtí zhǎnkāi le shēnrù tǎolùn. Both...
智能化 (zhìnénghuà) — intelligentization, to make smart
智能化 (zhìnénghuà) The transformation of systems, devices, or processes through the integration of artificial intelligence and smart technology -- making them capable of autonomous decision-making and learning. Meanings [verb] to make smart/intelligent, to automate with AI [noun] intelligentization, smart transformation Example Sentences 工厂正在推进生产流程的智能化改造。 Gōngchǎng zhèngzài tuījìn shēngchǎn liúchéng de zhìnénghuà gǎizào. The factory is pushing forward smart transformation of its production processes. 智能化家居让人们的生活更加便捷舒适。 Zhìnénghuà jiājū ràng rénmen de shēnghuó gèngjiā...
真 (zhēn) — really; truly
真 (zhēn) 真 is an intensifying adverb meaning "really" or "truly." It expresses genuine emotion or strong emphasis, and also serves as an adjective meaning "real" or "true." Meanings [adverb] Really; truly; genuinely (intensifier before adjectives or verbs). [adjective] Real; authentic; true. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎo chī! This dish is really delicious! 你真漂亮。 Nǐ zhēn piàoliang. You are truly beautiful. 这是真的吗？ Zhè shì zhēn de ma? Is...
顺序 (shùnxù) — order / sequence
顺序 (shùnxù) 顺序 refers to the order or sequence of things — the arrangement in which steps, people, or events follow each other. It implies a proper or intended flow, often used when giving instructions, describing procedures, or talking about queues and rankings. Meanings [noun] Order; sequence; arrangement; the correct or logical order of steps or items. Example Sentences 请按顺序回答问题。 Qǐng àn shùnxù huídá wèntí. Please answer the questions in...
反映 (fǎnyìng) — to reflect; to report
反映 (fǎnyìng) 反映 has two distinct uses: to reflect or mirror a situation (as in a text or artwork reflecting social reality), and to report or convey information or complaints to a higher authority. Meanings [verb] to reflect; to mirror; to represent (a situation or reality) [verb] to report; to convey (feedback, complaints, or information to someone in authority) Example Sentences 这部小说深刻地反映了二十世纪初的社会现实。 Zhè bù xiǎoshuō shēnkè de fǎnyìngle èrshí shìjì...
注意 (zhùyì) — to pay attention
注意 (zhùyì) 注意 means to pay attention or be careful. It is widely used in instructions, warnings, and advice, both as a command and as a statement about directing one's focus. Meanings [verb] To pay attention to; to watch out for; to be careful about. [noun] Attention; notice. Example Sentences 注意安全！ Zhùyì ānquán! Be careful! / Watch out for safety! 请注意听老师说话。 Qǐng zhùyì tīng lǎoshī shuōhuà. Please pay attention and...
广告 (guǎnggào) — advertisement; commercial; ad
广告 (guǎnggào) 广告 refers to any form of advertisement, whether on television, the internet, billboards, or in print. Meanings [noun] advertisement; commercial; ad — a public notice or media spot designed to promote something Example Sentences 这个广告很有意思。 Zhège guǎnggào hěn yǒu yìsi. This advertisement is very interesting. 我在网上看到了一个广告。 Wǒ zài wǎngshàng kàndào le yī gè guǎnggào. I saw an advertisement online. 这家公司花了很多钱做广告。 Zhè jiā gōngsī huā le hěn duō qián...
部署 (bùshǔ) — to deploy; deployment
部署 (bùshǔ) 部署 means to deploy, arrange, or position people, resources, or systems in a planned and strategic way, and is used in military, technology, business, and government planning contexts. Meanings [verb] to deploy; to position; to arrange strategically [noun] deployment; disposition; arrangement Example Sentences 政府宣布在边境地区部署更多警力以加强安全。 Zhèngfǔ xuānbù zài biānjìng dìqū bùshǔ gèng duō jǐnglì yǐ jiāqiáng ānquán. The government announced the deployment of more police forces in border areas...
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy; to be allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. It is commonly used in medical consultations and everyday health conversations. Meanings [noun] allergy; an allergic condition [verb] to be allergic; to have an allergic reaction Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏，每年春天都很难受。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn, měi nián chūntiān dōu hěn nánshòu. I am allergic to pollen, and every spring is very uncomfortable for me. 他吃了海鲜之后出现了过敏反应。 Tā chī...
运气 (yùnqi) — luck
运气 (yùnqi) 运气 refers to luck or fortune, the force that causes things to go well or badly beyond one's control. Meanings [noun] luck; fortune; chance Example Sentences 今天我的运气真好，找到了钱包。 Jīntiān wǒ de yùnqi zhēn hǎo, zhǎodào le qiánbāo. My luck was really good today; I found my wallet. 不要只靠运气，努力才是关键。 Bùyào zhǐ kào yùnqi, nǔlì cái shì guānjiàn. Do not just rely on luck; hard work is the key. 他真倒霉，运气太差了。 Tā...
商量 (shāngliang) — to discuss; to consult; to talk over
商量 (shāngliang) 商量 describes the informal process of talking something through with another person in order to reach a shared decision or understanding. Meanings [verb] To discuss, to consult, to talk over, to deliberate together. Example Sentences 在做出这么重大的决定之前，他应该先和家人好好商量一下。 Zài zuòchū zhème zhòngdà de juédìng zhīqián, tā yīnggāi xiān hé jiārén hǎohǎo shāngliang yīxià. Before making such an important decision, he should first discuss it thoroughly with his family. 合同的条款还需要双方进一步商量，目前尚未达成最终协议。 Hétong...
强调 (qiángdiào) — to emphasize; to stress
强调 (qiángdiào) 强调 means to emphasize or stress something, drawing special attention to it in speech or writing. It is commonly used in formal settings such as meetings, reports, and academic papers, but also appears in everyday conversation when a speaker wants to underline an important point. Meanings [verb] To emphasize; to stress; to underline the importance of. Example Sentences 老师反复强调考试时要注意审题。 Lǎoshī fǎnfù qiángdiào kǎoshì shí yào zhùyì shěntí. The...
笨 (bèn) — clumsy; stupid; awkward
笨 (bèn) 笨 describes someone who is slow to understand or physically clumsy, and is the natural opposite of 聪明. Meanings [adj] clumsy; stupid; dull-witted; awkward; not nimble Example Sentences 我觉得我很笨，总是学不好数学。 Wǒ juéde wǒ hěn bèn, zǒng shì xué bù hǎo shùxué. I feel like I am quite dumb; I can never learn math well. 他手很笨，做手工总是做不好。 Tā shǒu hěn bèn, zuò shǒugōng zǒng shì zuò bù hǎo. He has clumsy...
义务 (yìwù) — duty; obligation
义务 (yìwù) 义务 refers to a moral, legal, or social duty or obligation that a person is required or expected to fulfill, often contrasted with 权利 (rights). Meanings [noun] duty; obligation; responsibility (something one is morally or legally required to do) [adjective] obligatory; free of charge; voluntary (in compounds like 义务教育) Example Sentences 纳税是每个公民应尽的义务，也是支持社会发展的重要方式。 Nàshuì shì měi gè gōngmín yīng jìn de yìwù, yě shì zhīchí shèhuì fāzhǎn de zhòngyào...
接受 (jiēshòu) — to accept; to receive; to take
接受 (jiēshòu) 接受 means to accept or receive, implying a willingness to take something offered, whether an object, idea, criticism, or invitation. Meanings [verb] to accept; to receive; to take; to agree to Example Sentences 她接受了公司的录用通知。 Tā jiēshòule gōngsī de lùyòng tōngzhī. She accepted the company's job offer. 他很难接受失败，总是想着再试一次。 Tā hěn nán jiēshòu shībài, zǒngshì xiǎngzhe zài shì yī cì. He has difficulty accepting failure and always thinks about trying...
取 (qǔ) — to take / to fetch
取 (qǔ) 取 means to take, fetch, or retrieve something that is available or waiting. It implies going to get something that already belongs to you or has been prepared. It is often paired with objects like money, packages, or documents. Meanings [verb] To take; to fetch; to retrieve; to pick up. [verb] To obtain; to get (in set expressions). Example Sentences 我去银行取钱。 Wǒ qù yínháng qǔ qián. I am...
表面 (biǎomiàn) — surface; appearance
表面 (biǎomiàn) 表面 refers to the outer surface of a physical object or, metaphorically, the outward appearance of a situation or person, often implying that the reality beneath may differ. Meanings [noun] surface; exterior (of a physical object) [noun] outward appearance; superficial aspect Example Sentences 桌子的表面很光滑。 Zhuōzi de biǎomiàn hěn guānghuá. The surface of the table is very smooth. 不要只看表面，要深入了解问题的本质。 Bùyào zhǐ kàn biǎomiàn, yào shēnrù liǎojiě wèntí de běnzhì....
验证 (yànzhèng) — to verify; to validate; verification
验证 (yànzhèng) 验证 means to verify, validate, or confirm the correctness, authenticity, or legitimacy of something through testing, evidence, or official checking, and is essential in scientific, legal, and digital security contexts. Meanings [verb] to verify; to validate; to confirm through evidence or testing [noun] verification; validation; authentication Example Sentences 科学假设必须经过实验验证才能被认可为科学理论。 Kēxué jiǎshè bìxū jīngguò shíyàn yànzhèng cái néng bèi rènkě wéi kēxué lǐlùn. A scientific hypothesis must be verified...
合作 (hézuò) — to cooperate; cooperation
合作 (hézuò) 合作 means to work together toward a shared goal, and as a noun it refers to the cooperation or collaboration itself, used widely in business, international relations, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to cooperate; to collaborate; to work together [noun] cooperation; collaboration; partnership Example Sentences 两国决定在科技领域加强合作。 Liǎng guó juédìng zài kējì lǐngyù jiāqiáng hézuò. The two countries decided to strengthen cooperation in the field of science and technology....
多么 (duōme) — how; what a; so very
多么 (duōme) 多么 is an exclamation intensifier used to express strong emotion or admiration. It appears before an adjective in exclamatory sentences, often paired with 啊 at the end. It translates as "how," "what a," or "so very." It is not used in regular questions; use 多 (duō) for those: 你多高？(How tall are you?) Meanings [adverb] How; what a; so very. Used in exclamatory sentences to intensify the adjective that...
学校 (xuéxiào) — school
学校 (xuéxiào) A noun meaning school or educational institution. It is a general term that covers primary schools, middle schools, high schools, and universities. It combines 学 (learn/study) and 校 (school, institution). Meanings [noun] School, educational institution (general term). Example Sentences 我的学校离家很近。 Wǒ de xuéxiào lí jiā hěn jìn. My school is very close to home. 她在一所大学校工作。 Tā zài yī suǒ dà xuéxiào gōngzuò. She works at a large school....
任务 (rènwù) — task; mission
任务 (rènwù) 任务 refers to a task, assignment, or mission given to someone to accomplish, used in both everyday and professional contexts. Meanings [noun] task, mission, or assigned duty that must be completed Example Sentences 我们今天的任务是完成这份报告。 Wǒmen jīntiān de rènwù shì wánchéng zhè fèn bàogào. Our task today is to complete this report. 他顺利完成了这次任务。 Tā shùnlì wánchéng le zhè cì rènwù. He successfully completed this mission. 这项任务需要团队合作才能完成。 Zhè xiàng rènwù...
合作 (hézuò) — to cooperate; cooperation; collaboration
合作 (hézuò) 合作 means to cooperate or collaborate, combining the efforts of two or more parties to achieve a common goal. It is widely used in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts and carries a positive connotation of productive partnership. Meanings [verb] To cooperate; to collaborate; to work together. [noun] Cooperation; collaboration; partnership. Example Sentences 两家公司决定展开长期合作，共同开发新产品。 Liǎng jiā gōngsī juédìng zhǎnkāi cháng qī hézuò, gòng tóng kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn. The two...
立刻 (lìkè) — immediately; at once; right away
立刻 (lìkè) 立刻 describes an action happening immediately, without any delay, equivalent to "at once," "right away," or "immediately." Meanings [adverb] Immediately; at once; right away (no delay between trigger and action). Example Sentences 听到消息后，他立刻给家人打了电话。 Tīng dào xiāoxi hòu, tā lìkè gěi jiārén dǎ le diànhuà. After hearing the news, he immediately called his family. 老师一说开始，学生们立刻安静下来。 Lǎoshī yī shuō kāishǐ, xuéshengmen lìkè ānjìng xiàlái. As soon as the teacher said...
到处 (dàochù) — everywhere
到处 (dàochù) 到处 means everywhere or all over — no place is excluded. It emphasizes the exhaustive range of a search or the wide distribution of something. Meanings [adverb] Everywhere; all over; in every place. Example Sentences 我到处找，都找不到钥匙。 Wǒ dàochù zhǎo, dōu zhǎo bu dào yàoshi. I looked everywhere but couldn't find the key. 节日期间，到处都是人。 Jiérì qījiān, dàochù dōu shì rén. During the holiday, there are people everywhere. 他去过很多国家，到处旅行。 Tā...
领域 (lǐngyù) — field; domain; realm
领域 (lǐngyù) 领域 means "field," "domain," or "realm" and refers to a specific area of knowledge, activity, or expertise. Meanings [noun] field; domain; area; realm Example Sentences 他在医学领域做出了重大贡献。 Tā zài yīxué lǐngyù zuòchū le zhòngdà gòngxiàn. He made major contributions in the field of medicine. 人工智能是一个发展迅速的领域。 Réngōng zhìnéng shì yīgè fāzhǎn xùnsù de lǐngyù. Artificial intelligence is a rapidly developing field. 她在艺术领域非常有才华。 Tā zài yìshù lǐngyù fēicháng yǒu cáihuá. She...
论据 (lùnjù) — argument; evidence for an argument
论据 (lùnjù) 论据 refers to the evidence, data, or reasoning used to support a thesis or argument, and is a key term in academic writing and formal debate in Chinese. Meanings [noun] argument; grounds; evidence supporting a thesis Example Sentences 这篇文章的论据充分，令人信服。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de lùnjù chōngfèn, lìngrén xìnfú. The arguments in this article are substantial and convincing. 他在辩论中提出了有力的论据。 Tā zài biànlùn zhōng tíchū le yǒulì de lùnjù. He put...
品牌 (pǐnpái) — brand
品牌 (pǐnpái) 品牌 refers to a brand -- the name, image, and identity associated with a product or company -- and is a key term in business, marketing, and consumer culture. Meanings [noun] brand; brand name; trademark identity Example Sentences 苹果是全球最具价值的品牌之一。 Píngguǒ shì quánqiú zuì jù jiàzhí de pǐnpái zhī yī. Apple is one of the most valuable brands in the world. 建立一个强大的品牌需要多年的努力。 Jiànlì yī gè qiángdà de pǐnpái xūyào...
压力 (yālì) — pressure; stress
压力 (yālì) 压力 refers to physical pressure exerted on an object or, more commonly in everyday Chinese, the psychological stress or burden a person feels. Meanings [noun] Pressure (physical). [noun] Stress; pressure; burden (psychological or social). Example Sentences 工作压力太大让他很难入睡。 Gōngzuò yālì tài dà ràng tā hěn nán rùshuì. The work pressure is so great that he finds it hard to fall asleep. 现代年轻人面临很大的生活压力。 Xiàndài niánqīngrén miànlín hěn dà de shēnghuó...
保持 (bǎochí) — to maintain; to keep; to preserve
保持 (bǎochí) 保持 describes the act of keeping something in its current state, preventing it from changing or deteriorating over time. Meanings [verb] To maintain, to keep, to preserve, to sustain (a state or condition). Example Sentences 无论多忙，她都坚持保持每天锻炼的习惯。 Wúlùn duō máng, tā dōu jiānchí bǎochí měitiān duànliàn de xíguàn. No matter how busy she is, she insists on maintaining the habit of exercising every day. 两国之间一直保持着友好的外交关系。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān...
压力 (yālì) — pressure; stress
压力 (yālì) 压力 refers to physical pressure or psychological stress and is one of the most common nouns in modern Chinese to describe life pressures, work burdens, and mental strain. Meanings [noun] pressure (physical or psychological); stress; burden Example Sentences 现代社会的生活压力越来越大。 Xiàndài shèhuì de shēnghuó yālì yuè lái yuè dà. The pressures of life in modern society are growing greater and greater. 他承受着巨大的工作压力。 Tā chéngshòu zhe jùdà de gōngzuò yālì....
实现 (shíxiàn) — to realize; to achieve
实现 (shíxiàn) 实现 means to realize or achieve something, particularly a goal, dream, or plan, by turning it into reality through action. Meanings [verb] to realize; to achieve; to make real; to fulfill Example Sentences 他终于实现了自己的梦想。 Tā zhōngyú shíxiànle zìjǐ de mèngxiǎng. He finally realized his dream. 通过努力，我们可以实现目标。 Tōngguò nǔlì, wǒmen kěyǐ shíxiàn mùbiāo. Through hard work, we can achieve our goals. 这个计划很难在短期内实现。 Zhège jìhuà hěn nán zài duǎnqī nèi...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) 名字 refers to the name of a person or thing, typically the given name or full name used to identify someone. Meanings [noun] name; given name; first name Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明，很高兴认识你。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng, hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. My name is Li Ming; nice to meet you. 请在这里写上你的名字。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ xiě shàng nǐ de míngzi....
字 (zì) — character; word; handwriting
字 (zì) 字 refers to a written character or script unit in Chinese, and by extension can mean a word, a letter, or someone's handwriting style. Meanings [noun] a written character (a single Chinese character or letter) [noun] a word or written form of a word [noun] handwriting; one's style of writing Example Sentences 这个字怎么写？ Zhège zì zěnme xiě? How do you write this character? 他的字写得很漂亮。 Tā de zì xiě...
胜利 (shènglì) — victory, win; to win
胜利 (shènglì) 胜利 expresses the idea of winning or achieving a triumphant outcome. It functions as both a noun ("victory") and a verb ("to win, to triumph"), and carries a more formal or heroic tone than the simple verb 赢 (yíng). Meanings n victory, triumph, win v to win, to triumph Example Sentences 球队赢得了比赛的胜利。 Qiúduì yíngdé le bǐsài de shènglì. The team won victory in the match. 他们经过艰苦努力终于取得了胜利。 Tāmen jīngguò...
表达 (biǎodá) — to express; to convey
表达 (biǎodá) 表达 refers to the act of making internal thoughts, emotions, or intentions known through words, actions, or other means of communication. Meanings [verb] To express, to convey, to communicate (feelings, ideas, opinions). Example Sentences 他不擅长用语言表达自己内心的感受。 Tā bù shàncháng yòng yǔyán biǎodá zìjǐ nèixīn de gǎnshòu. He is not good at expressing his inner feelings through words. 这幅画以独特的方式表达了艺术家对自由的渴望。 Zhè fú huà yǐ dútè de fāngshì biǎodá le yìshùjiā duì...
以为 (yǐwéi) — to think (incorrectly)
以为 (yǐwéi) 以为 is used when someone believes something that turns out to be wrong or different from reality. It implies a mistaken assumption, unlike 认为 (rènwéi) which is a neutral opinion. Meanings [verb] to think (incorrectly); to mistakenly believe; to assume (wrongly) Example Sentences 我以为你不来了，没想到你来了。 Wǒ yǐwéi nǐ bù lái le, méi xiǎngdào nǐ lái le. I thought you were not coming; I did not expect you to show...
问题 (wèntí) — question, problem, issue
问题 (wèntí) Covers both a question someone asks and a problem or issue that needs to be addressed. In everyday speech it is one of the most versatile nouns, used in education, work, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] Question (something asked). [noun] Problem, issue, matter needing attention. Example Sentences 你有什么问题吗？ Nǐ yǒu shénme wèntí ma? Do you have any questions? 这个问题很难回答。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán huídá. This question is very...
触动 (chùdòng) — to touch; to move emotionally
触动 (chùdòng) 触动 means to emotionally move or stir someone, or to touch on something sensitive, and sits between the physical act of touching and the deeper sense of being emotionally affected. Meanings [verb] to move (emotionally); to stir; to touch the heart [verb] to touch; to disturb; to impinge on (something sensitive) Example Sentences 这部电影深深触动了我的内心。 Zhè bù diànyǐng shēnshēn chùdòng le wǒ de nèixīn. This film deeply moved my...
但是 (dànshì) — but; however
但是 (dànshì) 但是 is a conjunction meaning "but" or "however." It introduces a contrasting idea that counters or qualifies what was just said. Meanings [conjunction] But; however; yet (expressing contrast or contradiction between two clauses). Example Sentences 这件衣服很漂亮，但是太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn piàoliang, dànshì tài guì le. This dress is very pretty, but it is too expensive. 他很聪明，但是不努力。 Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì bù nǔlì. He is very intelligent, but he...
皮肤 (pífū) — skin
皮肤 (pífū) 皮肤 means skin, referring to the outer layer of the human body. It is used in contexts related to appearance, health, and skincare. Meanings [noun] Skin; complexion; the outer surface of the body. Example Sentences 她的皮肤很白很光滑。 Tā de pífū hěn bái hěn guānghuá. Her skin is very fair and smooth. 夏天要注意保护皮肤。 Xiàtiān yào zhùyì bǎohù pífū. In summer you need to pay attention to protecting your skin. 这种面霜对皮肤很好。...
授权 (shòuquán) — to authorize; authorization
授权 (shòuquán) 授权 means to authorize or grant authority, referring to the act of giving someone official permission or delegating power to act on one's behalf. Meanings [verb] to authorize; to grant permission; to delegate authority [noun] authorization; granted permission Example Sentences 经理授权他处理这个紧急项目。 Jīnglǐ shòuquán tā chǔlǐ zhège jǐnjí xiàngmù. The manager authorized him to handle this urgent project. 没有授权，不能访问这些文件。 Méiyǒu shòuquán, bù néng fǎngwèn zhèxiē wénjiàn. Without authorization, these...
授权 (shòuquán) — to authorize; authorization
授权 (shòuquán) 授权 means to officially grant authority, permission, or power to someone to act on one's behalf or to do something, and can also refer to authorization as a noun. Meanings [verb] to authorize; to grant authority; to empower (someone to act) [noun] authorization; delegated authority; permission Example Sentences 经理授权销售团队在一定范围内自主决定折扣幅度，以提高成交效率。 Jīnglǐ shòuquán xiāoshòu tuánduì zài yīdìng fànwéi nèi zìzhǔ juédìng zhékòu fúdù, yǐ tígāo chéngjiao xiàolǜ. The manager authorized...
强 (qiáng) — strong / powerful
强 (qiáng) 强 means strong, powerful, or capable. It is used to describe physical strength, ability, national power, or superiority in comparison. It is the opposite of 弱 (ruò, weak). It can also mean to be better than or surpass. Meanings [adjective] Strong; powerful; capable. [adjective] Superior; better than (in comparison). Example Sentences 他的身体很强壮。 Tā de shēntǐ hěn qiángzhuàng. His body is very strong. 她的英语比我强多了。 Tā de Yīngyǔ bǐ wǒ...
文件 (wénjiàn) — document; file; official paper
文件 (wénjiàn) 文件 refers to a document, file, or official paper, whether physical or digital, containing written information that serves as a record or official communication. Meanings [noun] a document; a file; an official paper; a record Example Sentences 请把这份文件发给所有部门的负责人。 Qǐng bǎ zhè fèn wénjiàn fāgěi suǒyǒu bùmén de fùzérén. Please send this document to the heads of all departments. 我需要打印几份重要文件。 Wǒ xūyào dǎyìn jǐ fèn zhòngyào wénjiàn. I need...
米饭 (mǐfàn) — cooked rice
米饭 (mǐfàn) Cooked rice, the staple food of Chinese cuisine. 米 refers to uncooked rice grains, and 饭 means cooked food or a meal. Together they specifically mean steamed or boiled rice. Meanings [noun] Cooked rice, steamed rice. The prepared rice served as the main staple of a Chinese meal. Example Sentences 我想吃米饭。 Wǒ xiǎng chī mǐfàn. I want to eat rice. 你吃米饭还是面条？ Nǐ chī mǐfàn háishì miàntiáo? Do you...
整合 (zhěnghé) — to integrate, to consolidate
整合 (zhěnghé) To take disparate resources, systems, or organizations and merge or coordinate them into a coherent, efficient whole -- a key concept in business, policy, and technology. Meanings [verb] to integrate, to consolidate, to restructure and unify Example Sentences 公司计划整合旗下三个子品牌以提升市场竞争力。 Gōngsī jìhuà zhěnghé qíxià sān gè zǐ pínpái yǐ tíshēng shìchǎng jìngzhēng lì. The company plans to consolidate its three sub-brands to boost market competitiveness. 政府正在整合各部门的数据资源，建立统一平台。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài zhěnghé...
后悔 (hòuhuǐ) — to regret; to feel sorry
后悔 (hòuhuǐ) 后悔 means to look back on a decision or action and wish it had been different. Meanings [verb] to regret; to feel sorry about something done in the past Example Sentences 我后悔没有好好学习。 Wǒ hòuhuǐ méiyǒu hǎohǎo xuéxí. I regret not studying hard. 他后悔说了那些话，想去道歉。 Tā hòuhuǐ shuō le nàxiē huà, xiǎng qù dàoqiàn. He regrets saying those words and wants to apologize. 你现在努力，将来就不会后悔。 Nǐ xiànzài nǔlì, jiānglái jiù bù...
执行 (zhíxíng) — to execute; to implement; to carry out
执行 (zhíxíng) 执行 means to carry out, implement, or execute a plan, order, decision, task, or policy, emphasizing the action of putting something into practice. Meanings [verb] to execute; to carry out; to implement; to enforce (a plan, order, task, or decision) Example Sentences 这项新政策已经通过审批，相关部门将从下个月起正式开始执行。 Zhè xiàng xīn zhèngcè yǐjīng tōngguò shěnpī, xiāngguān bùmén jiāng cóng xià gè yuè qǐ zhèngshì kāishǐ zhíxíng. This new policy has been approved, and...
请求 (qǐngqiú) — to request; request
请求 (qǐngqiú) 请求 means to make a request or an earnest appeal to someone, and also refers to the request itself. Meanings [verb] to request; to ask for; to appeal to [noun] request; appeal; plea Example Sentences 她请求老师给她更多的时间。 Tā qǐngqiú lǎoshī gěi tā gèng duō de shíjiān. She requested the teacher to give her more time. 我有一个请求，希望你能答应。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè qǐngqiú, xīwàng nǐ néng dāying. I have a request;...
跑步 (pǎobù) — to run, jogging
跑步 (pǎobù) 跑步 means to run or jog. 跑 means to run and 步 means step. It is a verb-object phrase used for running as exercise or sport. It is one of the most common fitness activities mentioned in Chinese. Meanings [verb phrase] To run, to jog. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang pǎobù. I go jogging every morning. 跑步对健康很有好处。 Pǎobù duì jiànkāng hěn yǒu hǎochù. Running is very beneficial...
汤 (tāng) — soup
汤 (tāng) 汤 means soup or broth. It refers to any hot liquid dish made by simmering ingredients. Soup is a fundamental part of Chinese meals. The character has the water radical (氵) on the left, reflecting its liquid nature. Meanings [noun] Soup; broth; a hot liquid dish. Example Sentences 妈妈今天做了一锅鸡汤。 Māma jīntiān zuò le yī guō jītāng. Mom made a pot of chicken soup today. 天冷的时候喝汤很暖和。 Tiān lěng de...
层 (céng) — floor; layer; storey
层 (céng) 层 is both a measure word for floors or stories of a building and for layers of any stacked substance. When counting floors, Chinese ground floor is 一层 (yī céng), equivalent to the first floor in American English or ground floor in British English. Meanings [measure word] Floor; storey. Used with numbers to indicate which level of a building. [measure word/noun] Layer. Used for anything arranged in horizontal...
印象 (yìnxiàng) — impression
印象 (yìnxiàng) 印象 refers to the impression or mental image left by a person, event, or experience. It is commonly used in phrases about good or bad impressions. Meanings [noun] Impression; the image or feeling left in one's mind. Example Sentences 她给我留下了很好的印象。 Tā gěi wǒ liúxia le hěn hǎo de yìnxiàng. She left a very good impression on me. 我对这个城市的印象很深。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì de yìnxiàng hěn shēn. I have...
学科 (xuékē) — academic discipline; subject
学科 (xuékē) An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge that is formally studied and taught, such as mathematics, history, or linguistics. Meanings [noun] academic discipline; subject field; branch of study Example Sentences 人工智能是一个跨学科的研究领域。 Réngōng zhìnéng shì yīgè kuà xuékē de yánjiū lǐngyù. Artificial intelligence is a cross-disciplinary research field. 这所大学的理工科学科在全国排名前列。 Zhè suǒ dàxué de lǐgōngkē xuékē zài quánguó páimíng qiánliè. This university's science and engineering disciplines rank among the...
收 (shōu) — to receive / collect
收 (shōu) 收 means to receive, collect, or put away. It covers receiving mail or payment, collecting items, and tidying things up. It is the basic verb for bringing things in toward yourself or your possession. Note that 收到 (shōu dào) specifically means to have received something as a completed result, while bare 收 describes the ongoing action. The compound 收拾 (shōushi) means to tidy up or pack, which is...
学习 (xuéxí) — study; to study, to learn
学习 (xuéxí) 学习 works as both a noun meaning "study" or "learning" and a verb meaning "to study" or "to learn." 学 (xué) means to learn or imitate, and 习 (xí) means to practice repeatedly. Together they capture the cycle of learning and practicing. Meanings [noun] Study, learning. [verb] To study, to learn (through practice and repetition). Example Sentences 我每天学习两个小时的汉语。 Wǒ měitiān xuéxí liǎng gè xiǎoshí de Hànyǔ. I study...
外汇 (wàihuì) — foreign exchange; foreign currency
外汇 (wàihuì) 外汇 refers to foreign exchange or foreign currency -- money of foreign countries used in international trade and financial transactions, as well as the system for exchanging currencies. Meanings [noun] foreign exchange; foreign currency; forex Example Sentences 中国拥有全球最大的外汇储备之一。 Zhōngguó yōngyǒu quánqiú zuìdà de wàihuì chǔbèi zhī yī. China has one of the largest foreign exchange reserves in the world. 出口贸易是该国获取外汇的主要来源。 Chūkǒu màoyì shì gāi guó huòqǔ wàihuì de...
破产 (pòchǎn) — bankruptcy; to go bankrupt
破产 (pòchǎn) 破产 refers to the legal and financial state in which a person or organization cannot repay its debts and is declared insolvent, also used figuratively to mean the collapse of ideas or plans. Meanings [verb] to go bankrupt; to become insolvent [noun] bankruptcy; insolvency Example Sentences 那家零售连锁企业在疫情冲击下宣告破产。 Nà jiā língshòu liànsuǒ qǐyè zài yìqíng chōngjī xià xuāngào pòchǎn. That retail chain declared bankruptcy under the impact of the...
热 (rè) — hot
热 (rè) An adjective meaning "hot" in temperature, whether describing weather, food, beverages, or how a person feels. Its antonym is 冷 (lěng), meaning "cold." Meanings [adjective] Hot (in temperature, for weather, objects, or feelings of heat). Example Sentences 今天天气很热。 Jīntiān tiānqì hěn rè. The weather today is very hot. 这碗汤很热，小心别烫到。 Zhè wǎn tāng hěn rè, xiǎoxīn bié tàng dào. This bowl of soup is very hot, be careful not...
含义 (hányì) — meaning, connotation
含义 (hányì) 含义 refers to the meaning or significance that is contained within or implied by a word, phrase, action, or symbol — often with a sense of depth or layers not immediately obvious. It is slightly more abstract and literary than 意思 and tends to appear in critical analysis, literary commentary, and philosophical writing. Meanings [n] meaning, sense, significance (especially implicit or layered) [n] connotation, implication (what something suggests...
其实 (qíshí) — actually, in fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 is an adverb meaning "actually" or "in fact." It typically introduces a statement that corrects a misunderstanding, reveals a truth, or contrasts with what someone assumed. It often appears at the start of a clause. Meanings [adverb] Actually, in fact (introduces a correction or revelation). Example Sentences 他看起来很严格，其实很好相处。 Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yángé, qíshí hěn hǎo xiāngchǔ. He looks very strict, but actually he is easy to...
需要 (xūyào) — to need
需要 (xūyào) 需要 expresses necessity or requirement. It can precede a noun (need something) or a verb phrase (need to do something), making it extremely versatile in everyday speech. Meanings [verb] To need; to require. [noun] A need; a requirement; a demand. Example Sentences 我需要你的帮助。 Wǒ xūyào nǐ de bāngzhù. I need your help. 学习中文需要很多时间。 Xuéxí Zhōngwén xūyào hěn duō shíjiān. Learning Chinese requires a lot of time. 你还需要什么吗？ Nǐ...
散文 (sǎnwén) — prose
散文 (sǎnwén) 散文 in Chinese refers specifically to literary or artistic prose, particularly the lyrical personal essay tradition. It is distinct from fiction (小说, xiǎoshuō), poetry (诗歌, shīgē), and drama (戏剧, xìjù). Chinese 散文 often blends personal reflection, natural description, and philosophical insight. The term should not be confused with general "prose" in the English sense; it has a more literary, artistic connotation. Meanings [n] (literary) prose; a prose essay;...
概念 (gàiniàn) — concept, notion
概念 (gàiniàn) 概念 refers to an abstract concept, notion, or mental construct used to categorize, understand, or communicate about aspects of reality, serving as a building block of thought and discourse. Meanings [noun] concept, notion, idea (abstract mental representation) [noun] understanding, awareness (of a particular domain) Example Sentences "可持续发展"是二十世纪末提出的重要概念。 "Kě chíxù fāzhǎn" shì èrshí shìjì mò tíchū de zhòng yào gàiniàn. "Sustainable development" is an important concept put forward at...
六 (liù) — six
六 (liù) The number six; 六 is considered lucky in Chinese culture because liù sounds like 溜 (liū, smooth/flowing), suggesting things will go smoothly. It is a popular number for business names and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Six, the digit 6. Example Sentences 我们班有六十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yǒu liùshí gè xuésheng. Our class has sixty students. 六月天气很热。 Liù yuè tiānqì hěn rè. The weather in June is very hot. 这道题我做了六遍。 Zhè...
进 (jìn) — to enter / to go in
进 (jìn) A directional verb meaning "to enter" or "to go into" a place. It describes movement from outside to inside. Its antonym is 出 (chū), meaning "to exit" or "to go out." Meanings [verb] To enter, to go in, to come in. Example Sentences 请进，门没有关。 Qǐng jìn, mén méiyǒu guān. Please come in, the door is not closed. 他走进了教室。 Tā zǒu jìn le jiàoshì. He walked into the classroom....
睡觉 (shuìjiào) — to sleep
睡觉 (shuìjiào) A verb phrase meaning "to sleep" or "to go to sleep." 睡 (shuì) means to sleep or to lie down, and 觉 (jiào) originally means sensation/feeling. Together they form the standard word for sleeping. Its related phrase is 起床 (qǐchuáng, to get up). Meanings [verb phrase] To sleep, to go to sleep, to be asleep. Example Sentences 我晚上十一点睡觉。 Wǒ wǎnshàng shíyī diǎn shuìjiào. I go to sleep at...
其中 (qízhōng) — among; in; therein; of which
其中 (qízhōng) 其中 means "among them," "of which," or "therein." It refers back to a group or set just mentioned and introduces information about a part or subset of that group. It is a reference word — its antecedent must be clear from context. Meanings [adverb] Among; in; therein; of which — specifies a part of a previously mentioned whole. Example Sentences 班里有三十个学生，其中五个来自外国。 Bān lǐ yǒu sānshí gè xuésheng, qízhōng...
虽然 (suīrán) — although
虽然 (suīrán) 虽然 introduces a concessive clause: it acknowledges a fact or difficulty, then contrasts it with an unexpected or opposite outcome. It is almost always paired with 但是 (dànshì) or 还是 (háishi) in the second clause. Meanings [conjunction] Although; even though; granted that. Example Sentences 虽然很累，但是我还是坚持下去了。 Suīrán hěn lèi, dànshì wǒ háishi jiānchí xiàqù le. Although I was very tired, I still persisted. 虽然他年轻，但是经验很丰富。 Suīrán tā niánqīng, dànshì jīngyàn...
产生 (chǎnshēng) — to produce; to give rise to
产生 (chǎnshēng) 产生 means to bring something into existence or to give rise to a result, effect, or condition, and is one of the most essential formal verbs for describing cause-and-effect relationships in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to produce; to give rise to; to generate (a result or effect) [verb] to arise; to come into being; to emerge Example Sentences 这项政策的实施产生了积极的社会效果。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè de shíshī chǎnshēngle jījí de shèhuì xiàoguǒ....
呼吁 (hūyù) — to appeal; to call for
呼吁 (hūyù) 呼吁 means to appeal urgently to people or authorities, calling for action on an important issue, often with a sense of moral urgency or concern. Meanings [verb] to appeal; to call for; to urge; to make an appeal [noun] an appeal; a call; an appeal to action Example Sentences 联合国呼吁各国停止武装冲突。 Liánhéguó hūyù gè guó tíngzhǐ wǔzhuāng chōngtū. The United Nations appealed to all countries to stop armed conflict....
杯 (bēi) — measure word for cups and glasses
杯 (bēi) A measure word used for cups, glasses, and the drinks contained in them. 杯 also functions as a noun meaning "cup" or "glass" itself. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for a cup or glass of a beverage. [noun] Cup, glass, mug. The vessel used for drinking. What 杯 counts 杯 is used with: 茶 (chá): tea — 一杯茶 (a cup of tea) 水 (shuǐ): water — 一杯水 (a glass...
颁布 (bānbù) — to promulgate, to issue
颁布 (bānbù) 颁布 means to promulgate or officially issue something — specifically laws, regulations, policies, standards, or official documents. It implies formal, authoritative publication by a government or governing body. The word carries an official, institutional character and is almost exclusively used for the formal issuance of binding documents. Meanings [v] to promulgate; to officially issue or enact (a law, regulation, policy, or decree) Example Sentences 全国人民代表大会颁布了新修订的《数据安全法》，填补了立法空白。 Quánguó rénmín dàibiǎo...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly; in particular
尤其 (yóuqí) 尤其 is an adverb meaning "especially" or "in particular," used to highlight one specific element within a broader set as being more notable, extreme, or deserving of attention than the others. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; in particular (used to single out one specific item or aspect from a broader group, emphasizing it as the most notable member) Usage Note 尤其 typically introduces the item being highlighted, which comes...
癌症 (áizhèng) — cancer
癌症 (áizhèng) 癌症 is the general term for cancer in Chinese. It refers to diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and is one of the most discussed serious medical conditions. Meanings [noun] cancer; a malignant disease caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells Example Sentences 早期发现癌症可以大大提高治愈率。 Zǎoqī fāxiàn áizhèng kěyǐ dàdà tígāo zhìyù lǜ. Early detection of cancer can greatly improve the cure rate. 他的父亲去年被诊断出患有肺癌症。 Tā de...
能源 (néngyyuán) — energy; energy resources
能源 (néngyuán) 能源 refers to energy resources -- the natural sources from which power can be extracted, such as coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind, and nuclear power. It is the standard term in environmental, economic, and policy discussions about power and fuel. Meanings [noun] energy; energy resources; power supply Example Sentences 全球能源转型是应对气候变化、实现碳中和目标的关键举措。 Quánqiú néngyuán zhuǎnxíng shì yìngduì qìhòu biànhuà, shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé mùbiāo de guānjiàn jǔcuò. The global energy...
突出 (tūchū) — outstanding; to stand out; to emphasize
突出 (tūchū) 突出 means to stand out from others due to being remarkably good or significant, and as a verb, to emphasize or highlight something important. Meanings [adjective] outstanding; prominent; conspicuous [verb] to emphasize; to highlight; to stand out; to protrude Example Sentences 她在这次比赛中表现突出，获得了一等奖。 Tā zài zhècì bǐsài zhōng biǎoxiàn tūchū, huòdé le yīděng jiǎng. She performed outstandingly in this competition and won first prize. 这篇报告的突出问题是数据来源不够可靠。 Zhè piān bàogào de...
懒 (lǎn) — lazy; idle
懒 (lǎn) 懒 describes a person who is unwilling to exert effort and avoids work or activity. Meanings [adj] lazy; idle; disinclined to work or make effort Example Sentences 他太懒了，作业总是不做。 Tā tài lǎn le, zuòyè zǒng shì bù zuò. He is too lazy and never does his homework. 今天天气很好，我却懒得出门。 Jīntiān tiānqì hěn hǎo, wǒ què lǎn de chūmén. The weather is nice today but I am too lazy to go...
目的 (mùdì) — purpose; objective; aim
目的 (mùdì) 目的 means the purpose, objective, or aim of an action, describing the intended goal behind doing something. Meanings [noun] purpose; objective; aim; the intended result or goal of an action Example Sentences 我们学习的目的是为了增长知识。 Wǒmen xuéxí de mùdì shì wèile zēngzhǎng zhīshì. The purpose of our learning is to increase knowledge. 他此行的目的是拜访老朋友。 Tā cǐ xíng de mùdì shì bàifǎng lǎo péngyǒu. The purpose of his trip is to visit...
突出 (tūchū) — prominent; outstanding; to stick out
突出 (tūchū) 突出 means to be noticeably prominent or excellent, or physically to protrude and stand out beyond a surface. Meanings [adjective] Prominent; outstanding; remarkable; conspicuous. [verb] To stick out; to protrude; to highlight; to emphasize. Example Sentences 她在班里的表现非常突出。 Tā zài bān lǐ de biǎoxiàn fēicháng tūchū. Her performance in class is very outstanding. 这个设计的突出特点是简洁。 Zhège shèjì de tūchū tèdiǎn shì jiǎnjié. The outstanding feature of this design is its...
支出 (zhīchū) — expenditure; spending; outlay
支出 (zhīchū) 支出 refers to expenditure or spending, describing money that is paid out or disbursed for goods, services, or operations, used in both financial and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] expenditure; spending; outlay; expenses [verb] to spend; to disburse; to pay out Example Sentences 今年公司的总支出比去年增加了百分之十。 Jīnnián gōngsī de zǒng zhīchū bǐ qùnián zēngjiāle bǎifēnzhī shí. The company's total expenditure this year increased by ten percent compared to last year. 政府增加了在教育方面的支出。...
陶醉 (táozuì) — to be intoxicated by; to revel in; enchanted
陶醉 (táozuì) 陶醉 describes the state of being completely absorbed, captivated, or intoxicated by something beautiful or deeply pleasurable, such as music, nature, success, or art, conveying a sense of blissful immersion. Meanings [verb] to be intoxicated by; to revel in; to be enraptured by; to be lost in Example Sentences 她完全陶醉在这首曲子的优美旋律之中，忘却了周围的一切。 Tā wánquán táozuì zài zhè shǒu qǔzi de yōuměi xuánlǜ zhīzhōng, wàngquèle zhōuwéi de yīqiè. She was completely...
请 (qǐng) — please, to invite, to treat
请 (qǐng) Placed before a verb to make a polite request meaning "please." Also used as a verb meaning to invite someone or to treat someone to a meal or drink. Meanings [adv] Please (polite marker before a verb). [verb] To invite someone to come or attend. [verb] To treat someone to food or a drink. Example Sentences 请进，欢迎你。 Qǐng jìn, huānyíng nǐ. Please come in. Welcome. 我请你吃饭吧。 Wǒ qǐng...
比较 (bǐjiào) — to compare / relatively
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 functions both as a verb meaning "to compare" and as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "fairly." Meanings [verb] to compare; to contrast [adverb] relatively; fairly; rather; comparatively Example Sentences 我们来比较一下这两个方案。 Wǒmen lái bǐjiào yīxià zhè liǎng gè fāng'àn. Let us compare these two plans. 这道题比较难。 Zhè dào tí bǐjiào nán. This problem is relatively difficult. 比较起来，这个方法更简单。 Bǐjiào qǐlái, zhège fāngfǎ gèng jiǎndān. Comparatively speaking, this method is...
设计师 (shèjìshī) — designer
设计师 (shèjìshī) 设计师 refers to a professional designer, such as a graphic designer, fashion designer, or architect. Meanings [noun] designer; creative professional Example Sentences 她是一位非常有才华的服装设计师。 Tā shì yī wèi fēicháng yǒu cáihuá de fúzhuāng shèjìshī. She is a very talented fashion designer. 这栋建筑的设计师获得了国际大奖。 Zhè dòng jiànzhú de shèjìshī huòdé le guójì dàjiǎng. The designer of this building won an international award. 我想成为一名平面设计师。 Wǒ xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng pínmiàn shèjìshī. I...
社交媒体 (shèjiāo méitǐ) — social media
社交媒体 (shèjiāo méitǐ) 社交媒体 refers to social media platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok. It is a neutral, widely used term in both journalism and casual conversation to describe online social networking services. Meanings [noun] social media; digital platforms for sharing content and connecting with others Example Sentences 很多人通过社交媒体了解新闻。 Hěn duō rén tōngguò shèjiāo méitǐ liǎojiě xīnwén. Many people learn about news through social media. 他每天花很多时间刷社交媒体。 Tā měitiān huā...
贵 (guì) — expensive; precious; honorable
贵 (guì) 贵 primarily means expensive or costly. It is the opposite of 便宜 (piányí, cheap). Beyond price, 贵 appears in polite set phrases: 贵姓 (guì xìng, may I ask your surname) and 贵国 (guì guó, your honorable country), where it means "esteemed" or "honorable." Meanings [adjective] Expensive; costly. Describes something whose price is high. [adjective] Precious; valuable; esteemed. Used in polite address to honor the listener. Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了，我买不起。...
上午 (shàngwǔ) — morning, forenoon
上午 (shàngwǔ) 上午 refers to the morning or forenoon, generally the time from around 8 a.m. to noon. 上 means "above/upper" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "before noon." Meanings [noun] Morning, forenoon (approximately 8:00 to 12:00). Example Sentences 上午我在家学习。 Shàngwǔ wǒ zài jiā xuéxí. In the morning I study at home. 他上午九点有课。 Tā shàngwǔ jiǔ diǎn yǒu kè. He has class at nine in the morning. 今天上午天气很好。...
成绩 (chéngjì) — grades / achievement
成绩 (chéngjì) 成绩 refers to grades, scores, or the concrete results of effort. It is used for academic performance, work outcomes, and any tangible achievement that can be measured. Meanings [noun] Grades; scores; academic performance. [noun] Achievement; results (of work or effort). Example Sentences 他的考试成绩很好。 Tā de kǎoshì chéngjì hěn hǎo. His exam scores are very good. 努力学习，成绩自然会提高。 Nǔlì xuéxí, chéngjì zìrán huì tígāo. Study hard and your grades will...
气候 (qìhòu) — climate
气候 (qìhòu) 气候 means climate. It refers to the long-term weather patterns typical of a region, as opposed to 天气 (tiānqì), which is the weather on any given day. 气 means air or atmosphere, and 候 means season or time period. A useful contrast: 今天天气怎么样 (What is the weather like today?) uses 天气, while 这里的气候很好 (The climate here is very nice) uses 气候. One is a daily snapshot; the other...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary / common
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or average. It describes something or someone that is not special or exceptional. A key compound is 普通话 (Mandarin Chinese), literally "common speech," the standard spoken language of China. A related word is 一般 (yībān), which also means ordinary or general. Both can often be used interchangeably in sentences like 这很普通 and 这很一般, but 普通话 is the fixed, official name for Mandarin and cannot...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; perspective
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 is one of the most essential nouns for academic and argumentative writing in Chinese, referring to a person's point of view, perspective, or opinion on a particular matter. Meanings [noun] viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint Example Sentences 请分享一下你对这个问题的观点。 Qǐng fēnxiǎng yīxià nǐ duì zhège wèntí de guāndiǎn. Please share your viewpoint on this issue. 双方的观点截然不同，很难达成共识。 Shuāngfāng de guāndiǎn jiérán bùtóng, hěn nán dáchéng gòngshí. The two...
节约 (jiéyuē) — to save; to economize; frugal
节约 (jiéyuē) 节约 means to use money, time, water, or other resources carefully in order not to waste them. Meanings [verb/adj] to save; to economize; frugal; thrifty Example Sentences 我们应该节约用水，保护资源。 Wǒmen yīnggāi jiéyuē yòng shuǐ, bǎohù zīyuán. We should save water and protect resources. 他从小养成了节约的好习惯。 Tā cóng xiǎo yǎngchéng le jiéyuē de hǎo xíguàn. He developed the good habit of being frugal from a young age. 节约时间就是延长了生命。 Jiéyuē shíjiān jiùshì...
就此而言 (jiù cǐ ér yán) — in this regard; speaking of this
就此而言 (jiù cǐ ér yán) This phrase is used to signal that the following statement concerns or elaborates on the point just mentioned, making explicit the scope of the discussion. Meanings [phrase/discourse marker] in this regard; speaking of this; with respect to this point; as far as this is concerned Example Sentences 就此而言，我们的政策还需要进一步完善。 Jiù cǐ ér yán, wǒmen de zhèngcè hái xūyào jìnyībù wánshàn. In this regard, our policies still...
迫切 (pòqiē) — urgent; pressing; eager
迫切 (pòqiē) 迫切 describes a feeling or situation of pressing urgency, strong eagerness, or acute need, and is commonly used in formal writing and speech to convey that something requires immediate attention. Meanings [adjective] urgent; pressing; acute (of a need or situation) [adjective] eager; keenly desirous (of a feeling) Example Sentences 解决环境污染问题是当前最迫切的任务之一。 Jiějué huánjìng wūrǎn wèntí shì dāngqián zuì pòqiē de rènwù zhī yī. Solving environmental pollution is one of...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; perspective; standpoint
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 refers to a person's point of view, perspective, or standpoint on a topic, especially in discussion or debate. Meanings [noun] Viewpoint; perspective; standpoint (a personal position on a topic). Example Sentences 我们应该尊重不同人的观点。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zūnzhòng bùtóng rén de guāndiǎn. We should respect the viewpoints of different people. 从我的观点来看，这个决定是正确的。 Cóng wǒ de guāndiǎn lái kàn, zhège juédìng shì zhèngquè de. From my perspective, this decision is correct. 他的观点很有意思，值得认真考虑。...
接触 (jiēchù) — Come into contact
接触 (jiēchù) 接触 means to come into contact with someone or something, whether physically, socially, or through exposure. Meanings [verb] to come into contact with; to touch; to get in touch with; to be exposed to Example Sentences 她从小就接触音乐，有很好的音感。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù jiēchù yīnyuè, yǒu hěn hǎo de yīngǎn. She was exposed to music from a young age and has a great sense of tone. 在工作中，他经常接触来自不同文化的人。 Zài gōngzuò zhōng,...
限制 (xiànzhì) — to restrict; to limit; restriction
限制 (xiànzhì) 限制 means to impose or describe boundaries that prevent something from exceeding a certain level, quantity, or scope. Meanings [verb] To restrict, to limit, to constrain. [noun] A restriction, a limitation, a constraint. Example Sentences 年龄限制是申请这项奖学金的重要条件之一，申请者必须在三十五岁以下。 Niánlíng xiànzhì shì shēnqǐng zhè xiàng jiǎngxuéjīn de zhòngyào tiáojiàn zhī yī, shēnqǐng zhě bìxū zài sānshíwǔ suì yǐxià. The age restriction is one of the important conditions for applying for this...
基本 (jīběn) — basic; fundamental
基本 (jīběn) 基本 means basic or fundamental as an adjective, and "basically" or "essentially" as an adverb -- indicating the core, foundational nature of something or an approximation close to the whole. Meanings [adjective] basic; fundamental; essential; primary [adverb] basically; essentially; for the most part Example Sentences 食物、住所和安全是人类的基本需求。 Shíwù, zhùsuǒ hé ānquán shì rénlèi de jīběn xūqiú. Food, shelter, and security are the basic needs of human beings. 这本书介绍了编程的基本概念。 Zhè...
儿子 (érzi) — son
儿子 (érzi) 儿子 means son, a male child. 儿 means "child" or "son" and 子 is a classical word also meaning "child/person." Together they form the everyday word for son. Meanings [noun] Son, male child. Example Sentences 他们有一个儿子。 Tāmen yǒu yī gè érzi. They have one son. 我的儿子今年五岁。 Wǒ de érzi jīnnián wǔ suì. My son is five years old this year. 儿子每天去上学。 Érzi měitiān qù shàngxué. My son goes...
描述 (miáoshù) — to describe; to depict
描述 (miáoshù) 描述 means to describe or depict, referring to the act of using words to portray or explain something in detail so others can understand or visualize it. Meanings [verb] to describe; to depict; to portray [noun] a description; a depiction; an account Example Sentences 请描述一下你看到的情况。 Qǐng miáoshù yīxià nǐ kàndào de qíngkuàng. Please describe what you saw. 他生动地描述了旅行中的经历。 Tā shēngdòng de miáoshùle lǚxíng zhōng de jīnglì. He vividly...
注重 (zhùzhòng) — to attach importance to; to emphasize
注重 (zhùzhòng) 注重 means to consciously place emphasis on something, treating it as a priority worthy of care and attention. Meanings [verb] To attach importance to, to emphasize, to pay attention to, to value. Example Sentences 这家公司非常注重员工的职业发展，每年为员工提供大量培训机会。 Zhè jiā gōngsī fēicháng zhùzhòng yuángōng de zhíyè fāzhǎn, měi nián wèi yuángōng tígōng dàliàng péixùn jīhuì. This company places great emphasis on employees' professional development and provides extensive training opportunities each year....
协调 (xiétiáo) — to coordinate, harmonious
协调 (xiétiáo) 协调 means to bring different elements, parties, or functions into alignment so they work together smoothly, or to describe a state where things are well-balanced and harmonious. Meanings [verb] to coordinate, to harmonize, to bring into alignment [adjective] coordinated, harmonious, well-proportioned Example Sentences 项目经理的主要职责之一是协调各部门之间的工作。 Xiàngmù jīnglǐ de zhǔyào zhízé zhī yī shì xiétiáo gè bùmén zhī jiān de gōngzuò. One of the main responsibilities of a project manager...
坚持 (jiānchí) — to insist; to persist; to stick to
坚持 (jiānchí) 坚持 means to persist in or stick to something, continuing despite challenges or pressure to stop, and also to insist on a particular position. Meanings [verb] to persist in, stick to, or insist on something with determination Example Sentences 他坚持每天早起锻炼身体。 Tā jiānchí měi tiān zǎoqǐ duànliàn shēntǐ. He persists in getting up early every day to exercise. 无论多难，你都要坚持下去。 Wúlùn duō nán, nǐ dōu yào jiānchí xiàqù. No matter...
有 (yǒu) — to have; there is/are
有 (yǒu) 有 expresses two related ideas: possession ("I have") and existence ("there is/are"). It is the word to use when English says "have." Do not use 是 (shì) for possession. 是 links identities; 有 indicates possession or existence. Meanings [verb] To have (possession). [verb] There is, there are (existence). Example Sentences 我有一个弟弟。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè dìdi. I have a younger brother. 桌子上有一本书。 Zhuōzi shang yǒu yī běn shū....
监督机制 (jiāndū jīzhì) — oversight mechanism; supervisory mechanism
监督机制 (jiāndū jīzhì) 监督机制 refers to a formal institutional structure designed to ensure accountability, transparency, and proper conduct in organizations or governance systems. Meanings [noun] oversight mechanism; supervisory mechanism; accountability system Example Sentences 有效的监督机制是防止腐败的重要保障。 Yǒuxiào de jiāndū jīzhì shì fángzhǐ fǔbài de zhòngyào bǎozhàng. An effective oversight mechanism is an important safeguard against corruption. 公司建立了完善的内部监督机制来规范员工行为。 Gōngsī jiànlì le wánshàn de nèibù jiāndū jīzhì lái guīfàn yuángōng xíngwéi. The company has...
协调 (xiétiáo) — Coordinate
协调 (xiétiáo) 协调 means to coordinate different parts or people so they work together harmoniously, or describes a state of harmony and balance. Meanings [verb] to coordinate; to harmonize; to reconcile [adjective] coordinated; harmonious; well-balanced Example Sentences 项目经理负责协调各部门的工作。 Xiàngmù jīnglǐ fùzé xiétiáo gè bùmén de gōngzuò. The project manager is responsible for coordinating the work of each department. 这两种颜色搭配得非常协调。 Zhè liǎng zhǒng yánsè dāpèi de fēicháng xiétiáo. These two colors...
尊重 (zūnzhòng) — to respect
尊重 (zūnzhòng) 尊重 means to respect or show esteem toward someone or something, and is used both as a verb and a noun in everyday Chinese. Meanings [verb] to respect; to show respect for [noun] respect; esteem Example Sentences 我们应该尊重老人。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zūnzhòng lǎorén. We should respect the elderly. 尊重别人的意见很重要。 Zūnzhòng biérén de yìjiàn hěn zhòngyào. Respecting others' opinions is very important. 他赢得了大家的尊重。 Tā yíngdéle dàjiā de zūnzhòng. He earned...
休闲 (xiūxián) — leisure, recreation
休闲 (xiūxián) 休闲 describes leisure time and recreational activities, as well as a casual, relaxed style or atmosphere. It is used both as a noun and as an adjective modifying clothing, venues, and lifestyles. Meanings n leisure, recreation, free time adj casual, leisure (as in clothing style) Example Sentences 周末我喜欢做一些休闲活动，比如看电影。 Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuān zuò yīxiē xiūxián huódòng, bǐrú kàn diànyǐng. On weekends I like to do leisure activities, such as...
简单 (jiǎndān) — simple
简单 (jiǎndān) 简单 means simple, easy, or uncomplicated. It describes things that are not complex or difficult to understand, do, or explain. Meanings [adjective] Simple; easy; uncomplicated; plain. [adjective] Ordinary; plain (of a person's manner or lifestyle). Example Sentences 这道题很简单，你一定能做。 Zhè dào tí hěn jiǎndān, nǐ yīdìng néng zuò. This problem is very simple; you can definitely do it. 他过着很简单的生活。 Tā guòzhe hěn jiǎndān de shēnghuó. He lives a very...
片面 (piànmiàn) — One-sided, partial, biased
片面 (piànmiàn) 片面 describes thinking or understanding that is one-sided, incomplete, or biased -- focusing on only one aspect of an issue while ignoring others. Meanings [adj] one-sided; partial; biased; incomplete in perspective Example Sentences 仅凭一次失误就否定一个人，这种看法太片面了。 Jǐn píng yī cì shīwù jiù fǒudìng yī gè rén, zhè zhǒng kànfǎ tài piànmiàn le. Judging a person based on a single mistake is too one-sided. 媒体的报道有时会让人产生片面的认识。 Méitǐ de bàodào yǒushí huì ràng...
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) — to complicate; to become complicated
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) 复杂化 means to make something more complex or to cause a situation to become more complicated, often implying an undesirable increase in difficulty or intricacy. Meanings [verb] to complicate; to make complex; to become more complicated Example Sentences 他的介入反而使局势更加复杂化了。 Tā de jièrù fǎn'ér shǐ júshì gèngjiā fùzáhuà le. His intervention actually made the situation even more complicated. 不必要的繁文缛节只会使事情复杂化。 Bùbìyào de fánwén rùjié zhǐ huì shǐ shìqing fùzáhuà. Unnecessary...
包括 (bāokuò) — to include
包括 (bāokuò) 包括 means to include or to comprise. It is used to list what is contained within a set, group, or scope. It often appears at the start of a list introduced by a general statement. Meanings [verb] To include; to comprise; to consist of. Example Sentences 这个价格包括早餐。 Zhège jiàgé bāokuò zǎocān. This price includes breakfast. 我们班包括三十个学生。 Wǒmen bān bāokuò sānshí gè xuésheng. Our class includes thirty students. 他的工作包括很多内容。...
加油 (jiāyóu) — come on / keep it up / add fuel
加油 (jiāyóu) Literally "add oil/fuel," used as an energetic cheer meaning "come on," "go for it," or "keep it up." Also used literally when refueling a vehicle. Meanings [interjection] Come on! Go for it! Keep it up! (encouragement cheer). [verb] To add fuel, to refuel (a vehicle). Example Sentences 比赛的时候，观众大声喊：加油！ Bǐsài de shíhou, guānzhòng dàshēng hǎn: jiāyóu! During the competition, the audience shouted loudly: Come on! 你要参加考试了，加油！ Nǐ yào cānjiā...
专业 (zhuānyè) — major; specialty; professional
专业 (zhuānyè) 专业 refers to a field of specialization, such as a university major, a professional trade, or the quality of being highly skilled and expert. Meanings [noun] a major or field of study at a university or college [noun] a specialty; a specific professional skill or area of expertise [adjective] professional; specialized; expert-level Example Sentences 你的专业是什么？ Nǐ de zhuānyè shì shénme? What is your major? 他是专业的厨师，做的菜非常好吃。 Tā shì zhuānyè...
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person); to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know a person personally, to be acquainted with someone, or to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào). Use 认识 for people and familiar things (you can recognize them); use 知道 for facts and information (things you are aware of). You can 认识 a person but you 知道 their address. Meanings [verb] To know, to be acquainted with (a person). [verb] To recognize, to be...
信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ) — credit card
信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ) A plastic payment card issued by a bank that allows the holder to borrow funds to make purchases, repaid later. Meanings [noun] Credit card, a bank-issued payment card on credit. Example Sentences 我可以用信用卡付款吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng xìnyòngkǎ fùkuǎn ma? Can I pay with a credit card? 他的信用卡被盗用了。 Tā de xìnyòngkǎ bèi dào yòng le. His credit card was fraudulently used. 使用信用卡要注意不要过度消费。 Shǐyòng xìnyòngkǎ yào zhùyì bùyào guòdù xiāofèi....
合法 (héfǎ) — legal; lawful
合法 (héfǎ) 合法 means legal or lawful, describing actions, activities, organizations, or rights that conform to the law and are permitted or recognized by legal authority. Meanings [adjective] legal; lawful; legitimate; in accordance with the law Example Sentences 这家公司是经过工商注册的合法企业。 Zhè jiā gōngsī shì jīngguò gōngshāng zhùcè de héfǎ qǐyè. This company is a legally registered business. 公民有权通过合法途径维护自己的权益。 Gōngmín yǒuquán tōngguò héfǎ tújìng wéihù zìjǐ de quányì. Citizens have the right...
顾客 (gùkè) — customer; client
顾客 (gùkè) 顾客 means "customer" or "client" and refers to a person who purchases goods or services from a business. Meanings [noun] customer; client; patron Example Sentences 这家餐厅的顾客服务非常好。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de gùkè fúwù fēicháng hǎo. The customer service at this restaurant is excellent. 今天店里的顾客比平时多了很多。 Jīntiān diàn lǐ de gùkè bǐ píngshí duō le hěn duō. Today the store has many more customers than usual. 我们要尽力满足每一位顾客的需求。 Wǒmen yào jìnlì mǎnzú...
利用 (lìyòng) — to use; to make use of; to utilize
利用 (lìyòng) 利用 means to make use of or utilize something, taking advantage of available resources, opportunities, or situations to achieve a goal. Meanings [verb] to use, make use of, or utilize something for a specific purpose Example Sentences 我们应该充分利用有限的资源。 Wǒmen yīnggāi chōngfèn lìyòng yǒuxiàn de zīyuán. We should make full use of limited resources. 他利用空闲时间学习外语。 Tā lìyòng kòngxián shíjiān xuéxí wàiyǔ. He uses his free time to study foreign...
简化 (jiǎnhuà) — to simplify, to streamline
简化 (jiǎnhuà) 简化 means to simplify or streamline something by reducing unnecessary complexity while retaining its essential function or meaning. Meanings [verb] to simplify, to streamline, to reduce complexity [noun] simplification (often as a modifier: 简化字 simplified characters) Example Sentences 政府出台措施简化行政审批程序，提高办事效率。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái cuòshī jiǎnhuà xíngzhèng shěnpī chéngxù, tígāo bànshì xiàolǜ. The government has introduced measures to simplify administrative approval procedures and improve efficiency. 汉字简化是中国在上世纪五十年代推行的文字改革。 Hànzì jiǎnhuà shì Zhōngguó zài...
简单 (jiǎndān) — simple; easy; uncomplicated
简单 (jiǎndān) 简单 means simple, easy, or straightforward. It can describe things that are not difficult (a simple task), people who are uncomplicated (a simple, honest person), or situations that are not involved (a simple explanation). In some contexts it can be slightly dismissive, implying something is too basic. Meanings [adjective] Simple; easy; uncomplicated; plain; straightforward. Example Sentences 这道数学题看起来简单，但实际上需要一定的技巧。 Zhè dào shùxué tí kàn qǐlái jiǎndān, dàn shíjì shàng xūyào...
必要 (bìyào) — necessary; essential; indispensable
必要 (bìyào) 必要 means necessary or essential, describing something that is required or cannot be avoided in a given situation. Meanings [adjective] necessary; essential; indispensable; required Example Sentences 有必要在会议前准备好材料。 Yǒu bìyào zài huìyì qián zhǔnbèi hǎo cáiliào. It is necessary to prepare materials before the meeting. 沟通是解决问题的必要条件。 Gōutōng shì jiějué wèntí de bìyào tiáojiàn. Communication is a necessary condition for solving problems. 这次手术是必要的，不能推迟。 Zhè cì shǒushù shì bìyào de, bù...
被 (bèi) — passive marker
被 (bèi) 被 is the standard passive marker in Mandarin. It introduces the agent (the doer) and signals that the subject receives the action, often one with an unpleasant or unwanted result. Meanings [preposition] By (introduces the agent in a passive construction). [verb] To suffer; to be subjected to. Example Sentences 我的自行车被偷了。 Wǒ de zìxíngchē bèi tōu le. My bicycle was stolen. 这个问题被解决了。 Zhège wèntí bèi jiějué le. This problem...
走 (zǒu) — to walk / to leave
走 (zǒu) A common verb meaning "to walk" when describing the manner of movement, and "to leave" or "to go" when describing departure. Context determines which meaning is intended. Meanings [verb] To walk, to go on foot. [verb] To leave, to depart, to go away. Example Sentences 我每天走路上学。 Wǒ měitiān zǒulù shàngxué. I walk to school every day. 他走了，你来晚了。 Tā zǒu le, nǐ lái wǎn le. He has left, you...
钥匙 (yàoshi) — key
钥匙 (yàoshi) 钥匙 is the everyday word for a key — the physical object used to lock and unlock doors, cars, cabinets, and so on. The second character 匙 (spoon / key) carries a neutral tone in speech; the full word is pronounced yàoshi. It is also used metaphorically for the "key" to solving a problem. Meanings [noun] Key (for a lock); a physical key. [noun] Key (figurative) — the...
比较 (bǐjiào) — relatively / to compare
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 works both as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "comparatively" and as a verb meaning "to compare." As an adverb it softens or qualifies a description without an explicit comparison partner. Meanings [adverb] Relatively; comparatively; rather; fairly. [verb] To compare; to contrast. Example Sentences 今天天气比较冷。 Jīntiān tiānqì bǐjiào lěng. Today's weather is relatively cold. 我比较喜欢吃中餐。 Wǒ bǐjiào xǐhuān chī Zhōngcān. I rather prefer eating Chinese food. 请比较这两种方法。 Qǐng...
强化 (qiánghuà) — to strengthen, to reinforce
强化 (qiánghuà) 强化 means to strengthen, reinforce, or intensify something deliberately, often used in contexts of training, management, regulations, and skills development. Meanings [verb] to strengthen, to reinforce, to intensify (deliberately) [verb] to consolidate and make more effective (systems, training, control) Example Sentences 学校决定强化学生的数学基础训练。 Xuéxiào juédìng qiánghuà xuéshēng de shùxué jīchǔ xùnliàn. The school decided to strengthen students' basic mathematics training. 政府正在采取措施强化食品安全监管。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài cǎiqǔ cuòshī qiánghuà shípǐn ānquán jiānguǎn....
只要…就… (zhǐyào...jiù...) — as long as... then...
只要…就… (zhǐyào...jiù...) 只要…就… expresses a conditional relationship where 只要 introduces the one condition that is sufficient for the result in the 就 clause to follow. It emphasizes that the condition is minimal: this alone is enough. Structure 只要 + [Condition] + 就 + [Result] The subject may appear before 只要 or between 只要 and the condition. Example Sentences 只要每天练习，就能进步。 Zhǐyào měitiān liànxí, jiù néng jìnbù. As long as you practice...
结构 (jiégòu) — structure, composition
结构 (jiégòu) 结构 refers to the internal arrangement, composition, and organization of the components within a whole, applicable to physical objects, organizations, sentences, economies, and abstract systems. Meanings [noun] structure, composition, arrangement (of parts within a whole) [noun] structural framework (architectural, linguistic, social, etc.) Example Sentences 这座建筑的结构设计十分独特，令人印象深刻。 Zhè zuò jiànzhú de jiégòu shèjì shífēn dútè, lìng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. The structural design of this building is very unique and deeply...
成绩 (chéngjì) — achievement; results; grades
成绩 (chéngjì) 成绩 refers to the results, achievements, or grades one obtains through effort in study, work, or other pursuits, with a broad sense ranging from academic scores to broader accomplishments. Meanings [noun] grades; academic results; test scores [noun] achievements; accomplishments; results (of effort in work or any field) Example Sentences 他通过刻苦努力，期末考试成绩大幅提升，名列全班前三。 Tā tōngguò kèkǔ nǔlì, qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì dàfú tíshēng, míngliè quán bān qián sān. Through hard work, his...
水资源 (shuǐ zīyuán) — Water resources
水资源 (shuǐ zīyuán) 水资源 refers to the available supplies of fresh water on Earth, including rivers, lakes, groundwater, and rainfall, that can be used for human consumption, agriculture, and industry. Meanings [noun] water resources; freshwater supply Example Sentences 全球水资源分布极不均匀，许多地区面临严重缺水问题。 Quánqiú shuǐ zīyuán fēnbù jí bù jūnyún, xǔduō dìqū miànlín yánzhòng quēshuǐ wèntí. Global water resources are very unevenly distributed, and many regions face serious water shortages. 保护水资源是每个公民的责任。 Bǎohù shuǐ zīyuán...
谈判 (tánpàn) — to negotiate; negotiation
谈判 (tánpàn) 谈判 refers to formal negotiations between parties seeking to reach an agreement, and is indispensable in diplomatic, business, labor, and international relations contexts. Meanings [verb] to negotiate [noun] negotiation; talks Example Sentences 两国已展开贸易谈判，力求达成协议。 Liǎng guó yǐ zhǎnkāi màoyì tánpàn, lìqiú dáchéng xiéyì. The two countries have launched trade negotiations, striving to reach an agreement. 这场谈判持续了整整三天三夜。 Zhè chǎng tánpàn chíxù le zhěngzhěng sān tiān sān yè. These negotiations lasted...
落实 (luòshí) — to implement; to carry out
落实 (luòshí) 落实 describes the act of turning plans, policies, or promises into concrete reality, and is one of the most common verbs in Chinese administrative and business language. Meanings [verb] to implement; to put into effect; to follow through on [verb] to verify; to confirm (a detail or arrangement) Example Sentences 政府正在落实新的环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài luòshí xīn de huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government is implementing the new environmental policy. 我们需要落实每一个细节。 Wǒmen...
请问 (qǐngwèn) — excuse me; may I ask
请问 (qǐngwèn) 请问 means "excuse me" or "may I ask." It is a polite phrase used at the beginning of a question, especially when addressing a stranger or in a formal context. Meanings [phrase] Excuse me; may I ask; pardon me for asking (polite opener before a question). Example Sentences 请问，洗手间在哪里？ Qǐngwèn, xǐshǒujiān zài nǎlǐ? Excuse me, where is the restroom? 请问，你叫什么名字？ Qǐngwèn, nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? May I ask...
偶尔 (ǒu'ěr) — occasionally / once in a while
偶尔 (ǒu'ěr) An adverb meaning something happens from time to time, but not regularly — infrequently or on rare occasions. Meanings [adverb] Occasionally, once in a while, now and then. [adverb] Seldom, rarely (but not never). Example Sentences 我偶尔去看电影放松一下。 Wǒ ǒu'ěr qù kàn diànyǐng fàngsōng yīxià. I occasionally go to watch movies to relax. 他平时不喝酒，偶尔喝一点儿。 Tā píngshí bù hējiǔ, ǒu'ěr hē yīdiǎnr. He doesn't usually drink, but occasionally has a...
平时 (píngshí) — usually
平时 (píngshí) 平时 refers to ordinary or usual times, as opposed to special occasions or holidays. It means "normally" or "on a typical day," describing habitual behavior during regular periods. Meanings [adverb/noun] Usually; normally; ordinarily; in ordinary times; on a regular day. Example Sentences 平时你几点起床？ Píngshí nǐ jǐ diǎn qǐchuáng? What time do you usually get up? 他平时不喝酒，但是今天喝了一点。 Tā píngshí bù hē jiǔ, dànshì jīntiān hē le yīdiǎn. He doesn't...
格局 (géjú) — pattern, structure, situation
格局 (géjú) 格局 refers to the overall pattern, configuration, or distribution of elements in a situation — whether geopolitical, social, or spatial. When applied to people, it describes breadth of mind or magnanimity (大格局). It conveys a sense of the grand structure or configuration as seen from a high vantage point. Meanings [n] pattern, configuration, layout (the overall structure of a situation) [n] breadth of vision, magnanimity (a person's scope...
民主 (mínzhǔ) — democracy, democratic
民主 (mínzhǔ) 民主 refers to democracy as a political system in which power rests with the people. As an adjective, it describes a decision-making process that is open, fair, and participatory. Meanings n democracy adj democratic, fair and open Example Sentences 民主是现代社会的重要价值观。 Mínzhǔ shì xiàndài shèhuì de zhòngyào jiàzhíguān. Democracy is an important value in modern society. 这次会议以民主的方式做出了决定。 Zhè cì huìyì yǐ mínzhǔ de fāngshì zuòchū le juédìng. This meeting...
住 (zhù) — to live, to reside
住 (zhù) 住 means to live at a place or to stay somewhere. It is used to state where someone lives and also appears as a verb complement meaning "firmly" or "in place" (e.g., 记住 remember firmly, 停住 stop in place). Meanings [verb] To live, to reside (at a location). [verb complement] Firmly, in place (in compounds like 记住, 停住). Example Sentences 你住在哪里？ Nǐ zhù zài nǎlǐ? Where do you...
虽然 (suīrán) — although / even though
虽然 (suīrán) 虽然 is a conjunction that introduces a concessive clause, acknowledging one fact while contrasting it with another. Meanings [conjunction] although; even though; though; while Example Sentences 虽然很累，但他还是坚持完成了任务。 Suīrán hěn lèi, dàn tā háishi jiānchí wánchéng le rènwù. Although he was very tired, he still persisted and completed the task. 虽然这道菜看起来很普通，但味道非常好。 Suīrán zhè dào cài kànqǐlái hěn pǔtōng, dàn wèidào fēicháng hǎo. Although this dish looks ordinary, it tastes...
驳斥 (bóchì) — to refute; to rebuke
驳斥 (bóchì) 驳斥 means to refute or rebuke an argument, claim, or accusation, carrying a strong, forceful tone that implies not only disagreeing but actively countering and dismissing the opposing view. Meanings [verb] to refute; to rebuke; to repudiate forcefully [verb] to counterargue against; to reject with argument Example Sentences 政府发言人驳斥了媒体的相关报道，称其失实。 Zhèngfǔ fāyán rén bóchìle méitǐ de xiāngguān bàodào, chēng qí shīshí. The government spokesperson refuted the media reports, calling...
民主 (mínzhǔ) — Democracy, democratic
民主 (mínzhǔ) 民主 refers to the political system in which power is vested in the people, and also describes the quality of being democratic or open to collective decision-making. Meanings [noun] democracy; democratic system [adj] democratic; based on popular participation Example Sentences 民主是许多国家政治制度的核心。 Mínzhǔ shì xǔduō guójiā zhèngzhì zhìdù de héxīn. Democracy is the core of the political system in many countries. 这次会议的讨论非常民主，每个人都有发言机会。 Zhè cì huìyì de tǎolùn fēicháng mínzhǔ,...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly
尤其 (yóuqí) Especially or particularly is used to single out a person, thing, or situation as more notable or relevant than others in the group being discussed. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; most of all; above all Example Sentences 他喜欢运动，尤其喜欢篮球。 Tā xǐhuān yùndòng, yóuqí xǐhuān lánqiú. He likes sports, especially basketball. 这本书内容丰富，尤其是第三章写得非常精彩。 Zhè běn shū nèiróng fēngfù, yóuqí shì dìsān zhāng xiě de fēicháng jīngcǎi. This book is rich in content,...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly; in particular
尤其 (yóuqí) 尤其 highlights one item or situation as standing out above others, equivalent to "especially" or "particularly" in English. Meanings [adverb] Especially; particularly; in particular (singles out one thing as most notable). Example Sentences 我喜欢中国菜，尤其是四川菜。 Wǒ xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài, yóuqí shì Sìchuān cài. I like Chinese food, especially Sichuan cuisine. 这里夏天很热，尤其是七月和八月。 Zhèlǐ xiàtiān hěn rè, yóuqí shì qīyuè hé bāyuè. It is very hot here in summer, particularly in...
何况 (hékuàng) — let alone; much less; not to mention
何况 (hékuàng) 何况 is a conjunction used to introduce a stronger or more extreme case after establishing a baseline, equivalent to "let alone," "not to mention," or "much less," implying that if one thing is true, an even more obvious case follows. Meanings [conjunction] let alone; much less; not to mention (introduces a stronger case based on a weaker one already stated) [conjunction] all the more so; especially; moreover (introduces...
了 (le) — completion and change-of-state particle
了 (le) 了 is not a simple past tense marker. It has two positions and two related functions: post-verb 了 marks the completion of an action, while sentence-final 了 marks a change of state or a currently relevant new situation. Meanings [particle — post-verb] Marks that an action has been completed (perfective aspect). [particle — sentence-final] Marks a new situation or change of state; also used for emphasis or to...
感觉 (gǎnjué) — to feel; feeling
感觉 (gǎnjué) 感觉 refers to a sensation, feeling, or perception, and can be used as a verb meaning to feel or sense something. Meanings [verb] to feel; to sense; to perceive [noun] feeling; sensation; sense; impression Example Sentences 我感觉有点儿累。 Wǒ gǎnjué yǒudiǎnr lèi. I feel a little tired. 这首歌给我一种很温暖的感觉。 Zhè shǒu gē gěi wǒ yī zhǒng hěn wēnnuǎn de gǎnjué. This song gives me a very warm feeling. 你感觉这道菜味道怎么样？ Nǐ...
隐私 (yǐnsī) — privacy; private matters
隐私 (yǐnsī) 隐私 refers to personal information, private matters, or the sphere of life that an individual wishes to keep confidential and protected from others, making it essential vocabulary in digital, legal, and social contexts. Meanings [noun] privacy; private affairs; personal secrets Example Sentences 保护个人隐私是现代法律体系的基本权利之一。 Bǎohù gèrén yǐnsī shì xiàndài fǎlǜ tǐxì de jīběn quánlì zhī yī. Protecting personal privacy is one of the fundamental rights of the modern legal...
成果 (chéngguǒ) — achievement; result; fruit of effort
成果 (chéngguǒ) 成果 refers to the positive results or achievements gained through hard work, effort, or research, often described as the "fruits" of one's labor. Meanings [noun] achievement; result; fruit of effort; accomplishment Example Sentences 科学家发布了最新的研究成果。 Kēxuéjiā fābùle zuìxīn de yánjiū chéngguǒ. The scientists released their latest research findings. 多年的努力终于取得了丰硕的成果。 Duō nián de nǔlì zhōngyú qǔdéle fēngshuò de chéngguǒ. Years of effort finally yielded fruitful results. 这个团队的工作成果令人印象深刻。 Zhège tuánduì de...
从此 (cóngcǐ) — from this time on; henceforth; since then
从此 (cóngcǐ) 从此 is an adverb marking a turning point in time, meaning "from this point on" or "since then," used to introduce what has been true or what will be true from a specific moment forward. Meanings [adverb] from this time on; henceforth; since then (marks a moment as a new starting point, after which things continue in a new direction) Usage Note 从此 refers to a specific moment...
目的 (mùdì) — purpose
目的 (mùdì) 目的 means purpose, goal, or aim. It refers to the intended result or objective behind an action or plan. Meanings [noun] Purpose; goal; aim; objective; destination. Example Sentences 你来这里的目的是什么？ Nǐ lái zhèlǐ de mùdì shì shénme? What is your purpose in coming here? 我学汉语的目的是为了工作。 Wǒ xué hànyǔ de mùdì shì wèile gōngzuò. My purpose in learning Chinese is for work. 他的目的只有一个，就是赢。 Tā de mùdì zhǐyǒu yīgè, jiùshì yíng....
演变 (yǎnbiàn) — to evolve, to develop gradually
演变 (yǎnbiàn) 演变 describes the gradual evolution or development of something over time, typically used for historical, cultural, or social processes that unfold across extended periods. Meanings [verb] to evolve, to develop gradually, to change over time [noun] evolution, gradual development, historical change Example Sentences 汉字经过几千年的演变，形成了今天的样貌。 Hànzì jīngguò jǐ qiān nián de yǎnbiàn, xíngchéng le jīntiān de yànmào. Chinese characters evolved over thousands of years to take on their present...
间接 (jiànjiē) — indirect; roundabout
间接 (jiànjiē) 间接 means "indirect" or "roundabout" and describes something that does not happen directly but through an intermediate step or agent. Meanings [adjective] indirect; not direct; roundabout Example Sentences 他间接地表达了自己的不满。 Tā jiànjiē de biǎodá le zìjǐ de bùmǎn. He expressed his dissatisfaction indirectly. 污染对健康的间接影响不可忽视。 Wūrǎn duì jiànkāng de jiànjiē yǐngxiǎng bù kě hūshì. The indirect effects of pollution on health cannot be ignored. 他们通过间接渠道获取了信息。 Tāmen tōngguò jiànjiē qúdào huòqǔ...
退化 (tuìhuà) — degeneration; to degenerate; to deteriorate
退化 (tuìhuà) 退化 describes the process of declining, weakening, or degenerating to a more primitive or inferior state, used in biology, medicine, and broader metaphorical contexts. Meanings [verb/noun] degeneration; to degenerate (biological or evolutionary) [verb/noun] deterioration; to deteriorate; to regress Example Sentences 长期缺乏锻炼会导致肌肉退化，影响身体健康。 Chángqī quēfá duànliàn huì dǎozhì jīròu tuìhuà, yǐngxiǎng shēntǐ jiànkāng. Long-term lack of exercise can cause muscle degeneration and affect physical health. 穴居鱼类因为长期生活在黑暗中，眼睛逐渐退化。 Xuéjū yúlèi yīnwèi chángqī...
监控 (jiānkòng) — to monitor; surveillance
监控 (jiānkòng) 监控 refers to the act of continuously watching, tracking, or controlling something or someone, widely used in security, technology, and public administration contexts. Meanings [verb] to monitor; to surveil; to keep under surveillance [noun] monitoring; surveillance; a surveillance system Example Sentences 城市各处安装了监控摄像头以保障公共安全。 Chéngshì gèchù ānzhuāng le jiānkòng shèxiàngtóu yǐ bǎozhàng gōnggòng ānquán. Surveillance cameras have been installed throughout the city to ensure public safety. 工程师对服务器的运行状态进行全天候监控。 Gōngchéngshī duì fúwùqì...
专业 (zhuānyè) — professional; specialized
专业 (zhuānyè) 专业 refers to a specific field of study or work, and can describe something as professional or specialized in nature. Meanings [noun] a field of study, major, or profession [adjective] professional, specialized, or expert-level Example Sentences 他学的专业是计算机科学。 Tā xué de zhuānyè shì jìsuànjī kēxué. His major is computer science. 我们需要专业的意见来解决这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào zhuānyè de yìjiàn lái jiějué zhège wèntí. We need professional advice to solve this problem. 她的专业技能让公司非常满意。...
咸 (xián) — salty
咸 (xián) 咸 describes food or liquid that contains a noticeable amount of salt. It is one of the five core tastes in Chinese culinary vocabulary and is the opposite of 淡 (dàn, bland/mild). Meanings adjective salty (having the taste characteristic of salt) Example Sentences 这道汤太咸了，能加点水吗？ Zhè dào tāng tài xián le, néng jiā diǎn shuǐ ma? This soup is too salty. Can you add some water? 沿海地区的菜口味偏咸。 Yán hǎi...
网上支付 (wǎngshàng zhīfù) — online payment
网上支付 (wǎngshàng zhīfù) 网上支付 refers to online payment, covering all forms of electronic payment made via the internet, including mobile payment apps, bank transfers, and e-commerce checkout. China is a world leader in mobile payments, making this a very common term. Meanings [noun] online payment; electronic payment conducted over the internet Example Sentences 现在很多商店都支持网上支付。 Xiànzài hěn duō shāngdiàn dōu zhīchí wǎngshàng zhīfù. Nowadays many shops support online payment. 我用手机完成了网上支付。 Wǒ...
专业 (zhuānyè) — major; professional; specialized
专业 (zhuānyè) 专业 refers to a field of specialized study or professional expertise, and as an adjective it describes something done with high skill and expertise at a professional level. Meanings [noun] major; academic discipline; field of study or work [adjective] professional; specialized; expert-level Example Sentences 她大学选择了计算机科学专业，毕业后进入了一家知名科技公司。 Tā dàxué xuǎnzéle jìsuànjī kēxué zhuānyè, bìyè hòu jìnrùle yī jiā zhīmíng kējì gōngsī. She chose computer science as her major in college...
心理咨询 (xīnlǐ zīxún) — psychological counseling
心理咨询 (xīnlǐ zīxún) 心理咨询 refers to the professional practice of psychological counseling, where a trained therapist or counselor helps individuals address emotional, behavioral, or mental health concerns through conversation and guidance. Meanings [noun] psychological counseling; mental health counseling; therapy consultation Example Sentences 越来越多的年轻人开始主动寻求心理咨询，不再将看心理咨询师视为一种耻辱。 Yuè lái yuè duō de niánqīng rén kāishǐ zhǔdòng xúnqiú xīnlǐ zīxún, bù zài jiāng kàn xīnlǐ zīxúnshī shìwéi yī zhǒng chǐrǔ. More and more young people...
万 (wàn) — ten thousand
万 (wàn) The word for ten thousand; Chinese groups numbers in units of 10,000 (万) rather than 1,000 (thousand), so learning to think in 万 is essential for large numbers: 一万 = 10,000, 十万 = 100,000, 一百万 = 1,000,000. Meanings [number] Ten thousand (10,000). [adverb] Absolutely, by all means (in compounds: 万一, just in case; 千万, whatever you do). Example Sentences 这套房子卖一百万。 Zhè tào fángzi mài yī bǎi wàn. This...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear / clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) 清楚 means clear, distinct, or clearly understood. It describes something that is easy to perceive or understand, whether a sound, image, explanation, or situation. It can also mean to be clear about something as a verb. Its opposite is 模糊 (blurry, vague). Meanings [adjective] Clear; distinct; easy to perceive or understand. [verb] To be clear about; to understand clearly. Example Sentences 你说得不清楚，再说一遍。 Nǐ shuō de bù qīngchu, zài...
值得注意 (zhídé zhùyì) — Worth noting / noteworthy
值得注意 (zhídé zhùyì) 值得注意 is a common phrase meaning that something is worthy of attention or noteworthy — it signals the reader or listener to pay special attention. Meanings [phrase] worth noting, noteworthy, deserving attention, it should be noted that Example Sentences 值得注意的是，这项研究还没有得到证实。 Zhídé zhùyì de shì, zhè xiàng yánjiū hái méiyǒu dédào zhèngshí. It is worth noting that this research has not yet been confirmed. 有几个值得注意的问题需要讨论。 Yǒu jǐ gè...
诚信 (chéngxìn) — integrity; good faith
诚信 (chéngxìn) 诚信 encapsulates the twin virtues of honesty (诚) and trustworthiness (信), and is one of the most highly valued concepts in Chinese social and business ethics, frequently invoked in discussions of personal character, business conduct, and societal values. Meanings [noun] integrity; good faith; honesty and trustworthiness Example Sentences 诚信是做人的基本原则。 Chéngxìn shì zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Integrity is a fundamental principle of being a good person. 这家公司以诚信经营赢得了客户的信赖。 Zhè jiā...
顾客 (gùkè) — customer / client
顾客 (gùkè) 顾客 refers to a customer or client — a person who buys goods or services from a business. 顾 means "to look after / attend to" and 客 means "guest / visitor." Together they capture the service-oriented mindset: a customer is a guest you attend to. Meanings [noun] Customer; client; patron; shopper. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的顾客很多，总是要排队。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de gùkè hěn duō, zǒngshì yào páiduì. This restaurant has...
从 (cóng) — from; since
从 (cóng) 从 marks the starting point of a journey, a period of time, or a sequence of events. It is placed before the starting location or time, and the destination or end point usually follows later in the sentence. Meanings [preposition] From (a place). Marks the point of departure or origin in space. [preposition] From; since (a time). Marks the starting point of a time period. Example Sentences 我从北京来。...
回答 (huídá) — to answer
回答 (huídá) 回答 means to answer or reply to a question or inquiry. It is used as both a verb and a noun. As a verb it takes the question or questioner as its object. As a noun it refers to the response itself. Meanings [verb] To answer; to reply; to respond (to a question or inquiry). [noun] An answer; a response; a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ...
云计算 (yún jìsuàn) — cloud computing
云计算 (yún jìsuàn) 云计算 refers to the delivery of computing services including storage, processing power, and software over the internet, allowing users to access resources without local hardware. Meanings [noun] cloud computing (the delivery of computing services via the internet, including storage, processing, and software) Example Sentences 云计算技术使企业能够以更低的成本获取强大的计算资源。 Yún jìsuàn jìshù shǐ qǐyè nénggòu yǐ gèng dī de chéngběn huòqǔ qiángdà de jìsuàn zīyuán. Cloud computing technology enables businesses to...
融合 (rónghé) — fusion, integration
融合 (rónghé) 融合 refers to the process of blending, merging, or integrating different elements — cultures, technologies, ideas, or communities — into a unified whole. It emphasizes mutual assimilation and the creation of something new from the combination, rather than mere coexistence. Meanings [v] to fuse, to integrate, to blend (elements into a unified whole) [n] fusion, integration (the state or process of merging) Example Sentences 中西医学的融合是现代医学发展中最具挑战性、也最具潜力的方向之一。 Zhōng xī yīxué...
报纸 (bàozhǐ) — newspaper
报纸 (bàozhǐ) A noun meaning newspaper. It combines 报 (report, news) and 纸 (paper). While print newspapers are less common in the digital age, 报纸 remains an important vocabulary word for reading comprehension and understanding Chinese media culture. Meanings [noun] Newspaper, a printed news publication. Example Sentences 爷爷每天早上看报纸。 Yéye měitiān zǎoshang kàn bàozhǐ. Grandfather reads the newspaper every morning. 这份报纸是今天的。 Zhè fèn bàozhǐ shì jīntiān de. This newspaper is today's...
转化 (zhuǎnhuà) — to convert, to transform
转化 (zhuǎnhuà) 转化 refers to the conversion or transformation of one thing into another form or substance, often used in scientific, technical, or abstract contexts where something changes its essential nature. Meanings [verb] to convert, to transform into, to turn into (a different form or substance) [noun] conversion, transformation (of form, substance, or quality) Example Sentences 植物通过光合作用将太阳能转化为化学能。 Zhíwù tōngguò guānghé zuòyòng jiāng tàiyáng néng zhuǎnhuà wéi huàxué néng. Plants convert...
看见 (kànjiàn) — to see / to catch sight of
看见 (kànjiàn) A verb meaning "to see" or "to catch sight of." It combines 看 (kàn, to look/watch) and 见 (jiàn, to perceive/meet). While 看 describes the act of looking, 看见 indicates that you actually saw and perceived something — the result of looking. Meanings [verb] To see, to catch sight of, to notice (something with one's eyes). Example Sentences 我看见一只大猫。 Wǒ kànjiàn yī zhī dà māo. I saw a...
代表 (dàibiǎo) — to represent; representative; delegation
代表 (dàibiǎo) 代表 can mean the act of representing (as a verb), a person who represents (as a noun), or a delegation or body of representatives. Meanings [verb] To represent, to stand for, to act on behalf of. [noun] A representative, a delegate. [noun] A delegation; a group of representatives. Example Sentences 她作为公司代表出席了本次国际贸易峰会。 Tā zuòwéi gōngsī dàibiǎo chūxí le běn cì guójì màoyì fēnghuì. She attended this international trade summit...
功能 (gōngnéng) — Function / feature / capability
功能 (gōngnéng) 功能 refers to the specific function, feature, or capability of something — what a device, system, body part, or tool is designed or able to do. Meanings [noun] function, feature, capability, functionality Example Sentences 这款手机有很多实用的功能。 Zhè kuǎn shǒujī yǒu hěn duō shíyòng de gōngnéng. This smartphone has many practical features. 大脑的主要功能之一是处理信息。 Dànǎo de zhǔyào gōngnéng zhī yī shì chǔlǐ xìnxī. One of the brain's main functions is to...
功能 (gōngnéng) — function, capability
功能 (gōngnéng) 功能 refers to the specific function, role, or capability that a person, object, organ, or system is designed to perform or is capable of performing. Meanings [noun] function, capability, feature (of a tool, organ, system, or person) Example Sentences 这款手机的拍照功能非常强大，受到用户的广泛好评。 Zhè kuǎn shǒujī de pāizhào gōngnéng fēicháng qiángdà, shòudào yònghù de guǎngfàn hǎopíng. The camera function of this phone is extremely powerful and has received widespread praise from...
还是 (háishì) — or (in questions)
还是 (háishì) 还是 is used to present two alternatives in a question, asking which one applies. This is a KEY learner confusion: 还是 belongs in questions, while 或者 (huòzhě) belongs in statements. Never swap them. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in questions offering a choice between A and B). [adverb] Still, nevertheless (in a different usage: 还是来吧, "you should still come"). Example Sentences 你喝茶还是咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì kāfēi? Do you...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; standpoint; perspective
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 refers to a person's particular position or perspective on an issue. Meanings [noun] viewpoint; standpoint; perspective; point of view Example Sentences 我同意你的观点，这个计划很好。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de guāndiǎn, zhège jìhuà hěn hǎo. I agree with your viewpoint; this plan is very good. 每个人对这件事都有不同的观点。 Měi gè rén duì zhè jiàn shì dōu yǒu bùtóng de guāndiǎn. Everyone has a different perspective on this matter. 你能说明一下你的观点吗？ Nǐ néng shuōmíng yīxià...
照 (zhào) — to take a photo / to shine
照 (zhào) 照 is a versatile verb with several core meanings centered on light and reflection. It means to take a photograph, to shine light on something, to reflect, and in compounds to look after. 照片 (photograph) comes from this character. Meanings [verb] To take a photo; to photograph. [verb] To shine on; to illuminate. [verb] To reflect (in a mirror). [verb] To follow or accord with (in compounds like...
执法 (zhífǎ) — law enforcement; to enforce the law
执法 (zhífǎ) 执法 refers to the act of enforcing or implementing laws and regulations, as well as the process of law enforcement carried out by authorized authorities or officers. Meanings [verb] to enforce the law; to implement regulations [noun] law enforcement; enforcement of the law Example Sentences 执法部门在节假日期间加强了对食品安全的检查，保障市民的饮食安全。 Zhífǎ bùmén zài jiéjiàrì qījiān jiāqiángle duì shípǐn ānquán de jiǎnchá, bǎozhàng shìmín de yǐnshí ānquán. Law enforcement departments intensified food safety...
告诉 (gàosu) — to tell; to inform
告诉 (gàosu) 告诉 means to tell or to inform someone of something. The structure is: 告诉 + person + content. The person told is placed directly after 告诉, and the information comes after that person. It is a double-object verb. Meanings [verb] To tell; to inform; to let someone know. Communicates a piece of information to a specific person. Example Sentences 请告诉我你的名字。 Qǐng gàosu wǒ nǐ de míngzi. Please tell...
合并 (hébìng) — to merge; to combine
合并 (hébìng) 合并 means to merge or combine two or more things into one, and is used in business, organizational, administrative, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to merge; to combine; to consolidate; to amalgamate Example Sentences 两家公司决定合并，以增强竞争力。 Liǎng jiā gōngsī juédìng hébìng, yǐ zēngqiáng jìngzhēnglì. The two companies decided to merge to enhance their competitiveness. 政府计划将几个小镇合并为一个行政区。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà jiāng jǐ gè xiǎo zhèn hébìng wéi yī gè xíngzhèng qū. The...
坏 (huài) — bad, broken, spoiled
坏 (huài) 坏 means bad, broken, or spoiled. It is the opposite of 好 (hǎo). It can describe a person's character, the quality of something, or a physical object that has stopped working or gone off. Meanings [adjective] Bad, wicked (character or quality). [adjective] Broken, out of order, spoiled (physical state). Example Sentences 这个苹果坏了，不能吃。 Zhège píngguǒ huài le, bù néng chī. This apple has gone bad, you can't eat it....
以前 (yǐqián) — before / in the past / previously
以前 (yǐqián) A time reference word meaning "before" a stated point in time, or "in the past" when used without a specific reference. Always refers to time earlier than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] Before (a specific time), prior to. [noun/adverb] In the past, previously, formerly. Example Sentences 吃饭以前，要洗手。 Chīfàn yǐqián, yào xǐ shǒu. Before eating, you should wash your hands. 以前，我不喜欢蔬菜。 Yǐqián, wǒ bù xǐhuān shūcài. In the past,...
失败 (shībài) — defeat, failure; to fail
失败 (shībài) 失败 describes the outcome of not achieving a goal, or the act of failing. It is used both as a noun meaning "failure" and as a verb meaning "to fail" or "to be defeated." Meanings n failure, defeat v to fail, to be defeated Example Sentences 失败是成功之母。 Shībài shì chénggōng zhī mǔ. Failure is the mother of success. 他们在比赛中失败了，但没有放弃。 Tāmen zài bǐsài zhōng shībài le, dàn méiyǒu fàngqì....
果然 (guǒrán) — as expected; sure enough; indeed
果然 (guǒrán) 果然 expresses that something happened exactly as predicted or expected. It carries a tone of confirmation or mild vindication — "just as I thought." It always refers to something that has already been verified, not something still uncertain. Meanings [adverb] As expected; sure enough; indeed; just as predicted — confirms that a prior expectation was correct. Example Sentences 他说今天会下雨，果然下起来了。 Tā shuō jīntiān huì xià yǔ, guǒrán xià qǐlái...
发现 (fāxiàn) — to discover
发现 (fāxiàn) 发现 means to discover or find out something that was previously unknown or unnoticed. It can refer to physical findings, realizations, or new knowledge. Meanings [verb] To discover; to find; to notice; to realize. [noun] A discovery; a finding. Example Sentences 我发现了一个好方法。 Wǒ fāxiàn le yīgè hǎo fāngfǎ. I discovered a good method. 他发现钱包不见了。 Tā fāxiàn qiánbāo bú jiàn le. He discovered that his wallet was missing. 科学家发现了一种新物质。...
病毒 (bìngdú) — virus
病毒 (bìngdú) 病毒 refers to both biological viruses that cause disease and computer viruses that damage digital systems, making it a versatile term across medical and technological contexts. Meanings [noun] virus (biological) [noun] virus (computer/digital) Example Sentences 流感病毒每年在全球范围内导致大量死亡。 Liúgǎn bìngdú měi nián zài quánqiú fànwéi nèi dǎozhì dàliàng sǐwáng. The influenza virus causes large numbers of deaths worldwide every year. 科学家发现了一种新型病毒，并正在研究其传播方式。 Kēxuéjiā fāxiàn le yī zhǒng xīnxíng bìngdú, bìng zhèngzài...
界面 (jièmiàn) — interface
界面 (jièmiàn) 界面 refers to a shared boundary or point of interaction, most commonly used in technology to describe the visual and interactive layer between software and its user. Meanings [noun] interface; surface boundary between two systems or entities Example Sentences 这款软件的用户界面设计简洁直观。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn de yònghù jièmiàn shèjì jiǎnjié zhíguān. This software's user interface design is clean and intuitive. 设计师花了数月时间优化产品的界面体验。 Shèjìshī huā le shù yuè shíjiān yōuhuà chǎnpǐn de...
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) — to inspire; to encourage; inspiring
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) 鼓舞 means to inspire, encourage, or uplift someone, bringing about a heightened sense of motivation and energy, and is widely used in speeches, narratives, and motivational contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to encourage; to uplift; to hearten [noun] inspiration; encouragement; an uplifting influence [adjective] inspiring; heartening (used in 令人鼓舞 constructions) Example Sentences 英雄们的事迹极大地鼓舞了全国人民的士气。 Yīngxióngmen de shìjì jídà de gǔwǔle quánguó rénmín de shìqì. The deeds...
大数据 (dà shùjù) — big data
大数据 (dà shùjù) Big data refers to extremely large data sets that are analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions. Meanings [noun] big data; massive collections of digital information processed for insight Example Sentences 大数据正在改变我们的生活方式。 Dà shùjù zhèngzài gǎibiàn wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Big data is changing the way we live. 政府利用大数据来预测交通拥堵。 Zhèngfǔ lìyòng dà shùjù lái yùcè jiāotōng yōngdǔ. The government...
中午 (zhōngwǔ) — noon, midday
中午 (zhōngwǔ) 中午 means noon or midday, around 12:00 p.m. 中 means "middle" and 午 means "noon," forming a word that pinpoints the exact middle of the day. Meanings [noun] Noon, midday (approximately 11:30 to 13:00). Example Sentences 中午我们一起吃饭吧。 Zhōngwǔ wǒmen yīqǐ chīfàn ba. Let's eat together at noon. 他中午不回家吃饭。 Tā zhōngwǔ bù huí jiā chīfàn. He does not go home for lunch at noon. 中午十二点我有空。 Zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn wǒ...
不管 (bùguǎn) — no matter; regardless of
不管 (bùguǎn) 不管 means "no matter" or "regardless of." It introduces a condition that covers all possibilities, and the second clause — always marked by 都 or 也 — states what holds true under every one of those possibilities. Meanings [conjunction] No matter (what / how / who / whether); regardless of — always paired with 都 or 也 in the result clause. Pattern 不管 + [question word / A...
地图 (dìtú) — map
地图 (dìtú) 地图 is the word for a map — any visual representation of geographic or spatial information used to find locations or navigate. Meanings [noun] Map. Example Sentences 我找不到路，需要看地图。 Wǒ zhǎo bu dào lù, xūyào kàn dìtú. I can't find the way; I need to look at the map. 手机上有地图应用，很方便。 Shǒujī shàng yǒu dìtú yìngyòng, hěn fāngbiàn. There are map apps on the phone; very convenient. 请在地图上指出这个地方。 Qǐng zài...
论据 (lùnjù) — evidence, grounds
论据 (lùnjù) 论据 refers to the evidence, grounds, or supporting material used to prove or substantiate a 论点 (argument/thesis). It encompasses factual evidence, statistics, examples, expert opinion, and logical reasoning. In formal Chinese argumentation, strong 论据 is considered as important as the 论点 itself. Meanings [n] evidence, grounds (material used to support an argument) [n] basis, justification (the factual or logical foundation of a claim) Example Sentences 一篇优秀的议论文不仅需要鲜明的论点，更需要翔实的论据。 Yī piān...
释然 (shìrán) — relieved; at ease; unburdened
释然 (shìrán) 释然 describes the feeling of relief, release, and peace of mind that comes when a worry, burden, or tension is resolved, and is a nuanced emotional term used in literary and formal contexts. Meanings [adjective] relieved; at ease; unburdened; having let go of worry Example Sentences 得知考试通过后，他顿时感到释然，悬着的心终于放下了。 Dé zhī kǎoshì tōngguò hòu, tā dùnshí gǎndào shìrán, xuánzhe de xīn zhōngyú fàngxiàle. Upon learning he had passed the exam,...
发 (fā) — to send / emit / issue
发 (fā) 发 is a high-frequency multi-meaning verb. Its core idea is sending out or giving off something, whether that is a message, heat, light, or growth. Note: as fà it means hair, but at HSK 3 the fā reading is primary. Meanings [verb] To send; to dispatch (a message, email, parcel). [verb] To emit; to give off (heat, light, sound). [verb] To issue; to hand out (documents, certificates). Example...
网络 (wǎngluò) — network; internet
网络 (wǎngluò) 网络 refers to any kind of interconnected network, including computer networks and the internet, as well as social or organizational networks. Meanings [noun] network; internet — a system of interconnected elements, especially a computer network or the internet Example Sentences 这里的网络信号很差。 Zhèlǐ de wǎngluò xìnhào hěn chà. The network signal here is very poor. 网络让世界变得更小了。 Wǎngluò ràng shìjiè biàn de gèng xiǎo le. The internet has made the...
毕竟 (bìjìng) — after all; all in all; when all is said and done
毕竟 (bìjìng) 毕竟 means "after all" in the sense of pointing to an essential, underlying, or final truth. It is used to justify, explain, or concede by invoking a fundamental fact that cannot be argued with. It often softens criticism or explains why something is the way it is. Meanings [adverb] After all; all in all; ultimately; when all is said and done — introduces the fundamental reason or unavoidable...
诚实 (chéngshí) — honest / honesty
诚实 (chéngshí) 诚实 describes a person or behavior that is honest and truthful, free from deception. It is mostly used as an adjective to describe character, and can also function as a noun referring to the quality of honesty itself. Meanings [adjective] Honest; truthful; sincere; not deceptive. [noun] Honesty; truthfulness (as a moral quality). Example Sentences 他是一个非常诚实的人。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng chéngshí de rén. He is a very honest person....
用户 (yònghù) — user
用户 (yònghù) 用户 refers to someone who uses a service, product, or technology platform, and is an essential term in the digital economy and customer service sectors. Meanings [noun] user; customer; subscriber Example Sentences 这款应用程序目前拥有超过一亿活跃用户。 Zhè kuǎn yìngyòng chéngxù mùqián yōngyǒu chāoguò yī yì huóyuè yònghù. This application currently has more than 100 million active users. 平台需要保护用户的个人隐私数据。 Píngtái xūyào bǎohù yònghù de gèrén yǐnsī shùjù. The platform needs to protect...
机器 (jīqì) — machine
机器 (jīqì) 机器 means machine or apparatus. It refers to any mechanical or automated device that performs work. 机 relates to a mechanism or device, and 器 means a vessel or tool. Together they describe a tool-like mechanism, i.e. a machine. A key compound is 机器人 (jīqìrén), which means robot, literally "machine person." As automation grows in China, 机器人 and 人工智能 (artificial intelligence) are increasingly common words in everyday conversation....
虚伪 (xūwěi) — hypocritical / false
虚伪 (xūwěi) 虚伪 describes behavior or a person that is hypocritical, insincere, or putting on a false front. Meanings [adjective] hypocritical; false; insincere; two-faced Example Sentences 他的笑容很虚伪，让人感觉不舒服。 Tā de xiàoróng hěn xūwěi, ràng rén gǎnjué bù shūfú. His smile is insincere and makes people feel uncomfortable. 人们不喜欢虚伪的人。 Rénmen bù xǐhuān xūwěi de rén. People do not like hypocritical people. 不要虚伪，要诚实地说出自己的想法。 Bùyào xūwěi, yào chénshí de shuō chū zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ....
验证 (yànzhèng) — to verify, to validate
验证 (yànzhèng) 验证 means to verify or validate — to test something empirically or logically to confirm that it is true, correct, or effective. It implies a systematic process of checking, testing, or confirming, and is central to scientific method, technology, and academic research. It is also used in everyday contexts such as identity verification. Meanings [v] to verify; to validate; to confirm through testing or evidence [v] to prove...
战略 (zhànlüè) — strategy
战略 (zhànlüè) 战略 means strategy in a broad, high-level sense -- a long-term plan or approach to achieving a major goal, originally military but now widely used in business and politics. Meanings [noun] strategy; strategic plan [adjective] strategic Example Sentences 公司制定了新的发展战略。 Gōngsī zhìdìngle xīn de fāzhǎn zhànlüè. The company formulated a new development strategy. 这是一个重要的战略决定。 Zhè shì yīgè zhòngyào de zhànlüè juédìng. This is an important strategic decision. 他们的战略非常成功。 Tāmen...
代码 (dàimǎ) — code; source code
代码 (dàimǎ) 代码 refers to a set of instructions written in a programming language that a computer can execute, or more broadly, any system of coded symbols used for encoding information. Meanings [noun] source code; programming code (instructions written for a computer to execute) [noun] code; coded symbols (a system of symbols representing information) Example Sentences 程序员每天要编写大量代码，以实现软件的各项功能。 Chéngxùyuán měitiān yào biānxiě dàliàng dàimǎ, yǐ shíxiàn ruǎnjiàn de gè xiàng gōngnéng....
宽慰 (kuānwèi) — to comfort; reassured
宽慰 (kuānwèi) To comfort someone means to relieve their distress, worry, or sorrow, making them feel more at ease and less troubled. Meanings [verb] to comfort; to console; to reassure; to relieve someone's worry [adjective] comforted; relieved; at ease Example Sentences 朋友的鼓励让她感到了一丝宽慰。 Péngyǒu de gǔlì ràng tā gǎndàole yī sī kuānwèi. Her friend's encouragement gave her a sense of comfort. 听到孩子平安到达的消息，父母心里终于宽慰了。 Tīngdào háizi píng'ān dàodá de xiāoxi, fùmǔ xīnlǐ zhōngyú...
影响力 (yǐngxiǎng lì) — influence; clout; power of influence
影响力 (yǐngxiǎng lì) Influence or clout refers to the capacity or power that a person, organization, or idea has to affect the beliefs, behaviors, and decisions of others. Meanings [noun] influence; clout; power of influence; sway; reach Example Sentences 这位作家在全球拥有广泛的文学影响力。 Zhè wèi zuòjiā zài quánqiú yōngyǒu guǎngfàn de wénxué yǐngxiǎng lì. This writer has widespread literary influence around the world. 提升国际影响力是中国外交政策的重要目标之一。 Tíshēng guójì yǐngxiǎng lì shì Zhōngguó wàijiāo zhèngcè de...
信任 (xìnrèn) — to trust; trust; confidence
信任 (xìnrèn) 信任 means to have confidence in someone's reliability, honesty, or ability, and can describe both the act of trusting and the relationship of trust itself. Meanings [verb] To trust, to have confidence in, to rely on (someone's character or ability). [noun] Trust, confidence, faith (in a person or institution). Example Sentences 多年的合作让双方建立了深厚的互信关系，信任是这段伙伴关系的基石。 Duō nián de hézuò ràng shuāngfāng jiànlì le shēnhòu de hùxìn guānxi, xìnrèn shì zhè duàn...
说 (shuō) — to speak, to say, to tell
说 (shuō) 说 is the primary verb for speaking, saying, or telling. It is used for talking in general, speaking a language, and introducing direct or indirect speech. Meanings [verb] To speak, to say. [verb] To tell, to explain. [verb] To speak (a language), used with 语/话. Example Sentences 她说中文说得很好。 Tā shuō Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo. She speaks Chinese very well. 他说他不来了。 Tā shuō tā bù lái le. He...
乘 (chéng) — to ride; to take (transport)
乘 (chéng) 乘 means to ride or travel by a mode of transport such as a bus, train, or plane. Meanings [verb] to ride; to take; to travel by (a vehicle or transport) Example Sentences 我每天乘地铁去上班。 Wǒ měitiān chéng dìtiě qù shàngbān. I take the subway to work every day. 他们乘飞机去北京出差。 Tāmen chéng fēijī qù Běijīng chūchāi. They took a plane to Beijing on a business trip. 乘公共汽车比开车省钱。 Chéng gōnggòng...
数字 (shùzì) — number; digit
数字 (shùzì) 数字 refers to a written numeral or digit, and can also refer to any numerical figure or statistic. Meanings [noun] number; numeral; digit; figure Example Sentences 这个数字太大了，我数不清。 Zhège shùzì tài dà le, wǒ shǔ bù qīng. This number is too large; I cannot count it. 请在这里填写你的手机号码数字。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ tiánxiě nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ shùzì. Please write your mobile phone number digits here. 那个公司的销售数字每年都在增长。 Nàgè gōngsī de xiāoshòu...
图书馆 (túshūguǎn) — library
图书馆 (túshūguǎn) 图书馆 is the word for library. The three characters break down as: 图 (picture/image), 书 (book), 馆 (a public building or hall). A library is literally a hall of picture-books and writings. Meanings [noun] Library (a public or institutional building for reading and borrowing books). Example Sentences 我每天去图书馆学习。 Wǒ měitiān qù túshūguǎn xuéxí. I go to the library to study every day. 图书馆里不能大声说话。 Túshūguǎn lǐ bù néng dàshēng...
舆论 (yúlùn) — public opinion
舆论 (yúlùn) 舆论 refers to the collective opinion of the public, especially as expressed through media, social networks, and public discussion. It is the standard term in Chinese for public opinion and public discourse. Meanings [noun] public opinion; public discourse; media opinion; the court of public opinion Example Sentences 这起事件在网络上迅速发酵，引发了强烈的社会舆论关注。 Zhè qǐ shìjiàn zài wǎngluò shàng xùnsù fājiào, yǐnfāle qiángliè de shèhuì yúlùn guānzhù. This incident quickly fermented online, triggering...
场所 (chǎngsuǒ) — place; venue; premises
场所 (chǎngsuǒ) 场所 refers to a specific place, venue, or premises designated for a particular activity or purpose. Meanings [noun] a place, venue, or premises for a specific activity or purpose Example Sentences 图书馆是学习的好场所。 Túshūguǎn shì xuéxí de hǎo chǎngsuǒ. The library is a good place for studying. 这些公共场所必须保持整洁。 Zhèxiē gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ bìxū bǎochí zhěngjié. These public places must be kept clean and tidy. 会议在一个专业的场所举行。 Huìyì zài yīgè zhuānyè de...
因而 (yīn'ér) — and therefore; thus
因而 (yīn'ér) 因而 is a formal causal conjunction meaning "and therefore" or "thus," used to connect a cause with its effect or consequence in written and formal Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] and therefore; thus; and as a result; consequently Example Sentences 这项技术尚不成熟，因而无法大规模推广。 Zhè xiàng jìshù shàng bù chéngshú, yīn'ér wúfǎ dà guīmó tuīguǎng. This technology is not yet mature; therefore, it cannot be promoted on a large scale. 他没有足够的证据，因而败诉。 Tā méiyǒu...
挂 (guà) — to hang; to put on
挂 (guà) 挂 means to hang an object on something, or to be suspended from a surface, and is also used in phrases about phone calls and registration. Meanings [verb] to hang; to suspend; to put up [verb] to hang up (a phone call) [verb] to register (at a hospital) Example Sentences 她把画挂在墙上了。 Tā bǎ huà guà zài qiáng shàng le. She hung the painting on the wall. 我的外套挂在门后面。 Wǒ...
直接 (zhíjiē) — directly
直接 (zhíjiē) 直接 means directly or in a straightforward manner, with no detours, intermediaries, or delays. It modifies verbs to indicate a no-nonsense, unmediated action. Meanings [adverb] Directly; straight; right away; without an intermediary. [adjective] Direct; straightforward. Example Sentences 有问题请直接问我。 Yǒu wèntí qǐng zhíjiē wèn wǒ. If you have questions, please ask me directly. 我们可以直接坐地铁去。 Wǒmen kěyǐ zhíjiē zuò dìtiě qù. We can go directly by subway. 他说话很直接，从不绕弯子。 Tā shuōhuà...
员工 (yuángōng) — employee; staff; worker
员工 (yuángōng) 员工 refers to an employee or staff member of an organization, company, or institution. Meanings [noun] employee, staff member, or worker at an organization Example Sentences 公司有五百名员工。 Gōngsī yǒu wǔbǎi míng yuángōng. The company has five hundred employees. 管理者应该尊重每一位员工。 Guǎnlǐzhě yīnggāi zūnzhòng měi yī wèi yuángōng. Managers should respect every employee. 公司为员工提供了很好的福利待遇。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōng le hěn hǎo de fúlì dàiyù. The company provides employees with excellent...
曾经 (céngjīng) — once; formerly; at some point
曾经 (céngjīng) 曾经 indicates that something happened at some point in the past, with the implication that the situation may have since changed, equivalent to "once," "used to," or "formerly." Meanings [adverb] Once; formerly; at some point in the past (an action or state that occurred before, now possibly ended). Example Sentences 我曾经在北京住过三年。 Wǒ céngjīng zài Běijīng zhù guò sān nián. I once lived in Beijing for three years. 他曾经是一名职业运动员。...
如果 (rúguǒ) — if; supposing that
如果 (rúguǒ) 如果 means "if" or "supposing that." It introduces a hypothetical or conditional situation, and the result clause often contains 就 (jiù, then). Meanings [conjunction] If; supposing; in the event that (introduces a condition). Example Sentences 如果明天下雨，我就不去了。 Rúguǒ míngtiān xià yǔ, wǒ jiù bù qù le. If it rains tomorrow, I will not go. 如果你饿了，就告诉我。 Rúguǒ nǐ è le, jiù gàosu wǒ. If you are hungry, just let me...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) 医院 refers to a healthcare institution that provides medical diagnosis, treatment, and care to patients, ranging from small community hospitals to large specialist medical centers. Meanings [noun] hospital, medical center Example Sentences 他在那次严重的交通事故后被紧急送往最近的医院救治。 Tā zài nà cì yánzhòng de jiāotōng shìgù hòu bèi jǐnjí sòng wǎng zuìjìn de yīyuàn jiùzhì. After that serious traffic accident, he was urgently sent to the nearest hospital for treatment. 这家三甲医院在心脏外科领域享有极高的声誉。 Zhè jiā...
分配 (fēnpèi) — Allocate / distribute / assign
分配 (fēnpèi) 分配 means to allocate, distribute, or assign something — such as tasks, resources, time, or roles — among people or categories. Meanings [verb] to allocate, distribute, assign, apportion [noun] allocation, distribution, assignment Example Sentences 老师把任务分配给每个学生。 Lǎoshī bǎ rènwù fēnpèi gěi měi gè xuésheng. The teacher assigned tasks to each student. 合理分配时间对学习非常重要。 Hélǐ fēnpèi shíjiān duì xuéxí fēicháng zhòngyào. Reasonably allocating time is very important for studying. 公司把资源分配到最重要的项目上。 Gōngsī...
分配 (fēnpèi) — to allocate, to distribute
分配 (fēnpèi) 分配 refers to the systematic allocation or distribution of resources, tasks, roles, or benefits among multiple recipients according to some plan or principle. Meanings [verb] to allocate, to distribute, to assign [noun] allocation, distribution, assignment Example Sentences 公司需要合理分配资源，以提高整体运营效率。 Gōngsī xūyào hélǐ fēnpèi zīyuán, yǐ tígāo zhěngtǐ yùnyíng xiào lǜ. The company needs to allocate resources reasonably to improve overall operational efficiency. 政府正在研究如何更公平地分配社会财富。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài yánjiū rúhé gèng gōngpíng...
甚至 (shènzhì) — even
甚至 (shènzhì) 甚至 means even or even to the point of. It introduces an extreme or surprising example that goes beyond what was already said, often to emphasize a degree or severity. Meanings [adverb] Even; as far as; going so far as. [conjunction] Even; used to connect a more extreme statement. Example Sentences 他太忙了，甚至没有时间吃饭。 Tā tài máng le, shènzhì méiyǒu shíjiān chīfàn. He is so busy that he doesn't even...
姐姐 (jiějiě) — older sister
姐姐 (jiějiě) 姐姐 means older sister. Like 哥哥, it specifically refers to a sister who is older than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Older sister, elder sister. Example Sentences 我姐姐在上海读书。 Wǒ jiějiě zài Shànghǎi dúshū. My older sister is studying in Shanghai. 姐姐比我大三岁。 Jiějiě bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. My older sister is three years older than me. 你的姐姐漂亮吗？ Nǐ de jiějiě piàoliang ma? Is your older sister beautiful? 姐姐每天都打电话给我。 Jiějiě...
规定 (guīdìng) — rule
规定 (guīdìng) 规定 refers to a rule, regulation, or stipulation set by an authority. As a verb it means to stipulate or prescribe. It describes something that has been formally decided and must be followed. Meanings [noun] Rule; regulation; stipulation; provision. [verb] To stipulate; to prescribe; to specify. Example Sentences 你必须遵守学校的规定。 Nǐ bìxū zūnshǒu xuéxiào de guīdìng. You must follow the school rules. 规定不允许在这里停车。 Guīdìng bù yǔnxǔ zài zhèlǐ tíngchē....
成熟 (chéngshú) — mature; ripe; to mature
成熟 (chéngshú) 成熟 describes the state of being fully developed, ripe, or mature, applicable to physical things like fruit, but more often used to describe people, ideas, technologies, or plans that have reached a well-developed, stable state. Meanings [adjective] mature; ripe; fully developed; well-rounded [verb] to mature; to ripen; to become fully developed Example Sentences 经过多年的磨砺，他变得更加成熟稳重，懂得如何在压力下做出正确的决定。 Jīngguò duō nián de mólì, tā biàn de gèngjiā chéngshú wěnzhòng, dǒngde rúhé zài...
外国 (wàiguó) — foreign country; abroad
外国 (wàiguó) 外国 refers to any country that is not one's own, and is commonly used as a modifier in compounds related to foreign people, culture, or language. Meanings [noun] foreign country; abroad — a country other than one's own homeland Example Sentences 他在外国工作了五年。 Tā zài wàiguó gōngzuò le wǔ nián. He worked abroad for five years. 她对外国文化很感兴趣。 Tā duì wàiguó wénhuà hěn gǎn xìngqù. She is very interested in...
内容 (nèiróng) — content / substance
内容 (nèiróng) The substance, material, or information that makes up a book, speech, course, or any other medium. Meanings [noun] Content, substance, material (of a text, course, etc.). [noun] Subject matter, what something is about. Example Sentences 这本书的内容很丰富。 Zhè běn shū de nèiróng hěn fēngfù. The content of this book is very rich. 老师讲课的内容很有意思。 Lǎoshī jiǎng kè de nèiróng hěn yǒu yìsi. The content of the teacher's lesson is very...
成熟 (chéngshú) — mature; ripe; well-developed
成熟 (chéngshú) 成熟 means mature or ripe, used to describe things that are fully developed, whether fruit on a tree, a person's character, or a plan or idea that is ready to be implemented. Meanings [adjective] mature; ripe; well-developed; ready [verb] to mature; to ripen; to become fully developed Example Sentences 苹果成熟了，可以摘了。 Píngguǒ chéngshúle, kěyǐ zhāi le. The apples are ripe; they can be picked. 他经历了很多挫折，变得更加成熟。 Tā jīnglìle hěn duō...
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) — to transform, to change
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) 转变 describes a fundamental shift or transformation in direction, attitude, or state, implying a more decisive change than a gradual drift. Meanings [verb] to transform, to shift, to change fundamentally [noun] a transformation, a turning point, a shift Example Sentences 他的态度发生了很大的转变。 Tā de tàidu fāshēng le hěn dà de zhuǎnbiàn. His attitude underwent a great transformation. 经济发展模式需要实现从粗放型向集约型的转变。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn móshì xūyào shíxiàn cóng cūfàng xíng xiàng jíyuē xíng...
历史 (lìshǐ) — history; historical
历史 (lìshǐ) 历史 refers to history as a body of knowledge about past events, and can also function as an adjective meaning historical. Meanings [noun] history, the study or record of past events [adjective] historical, relating to the past Example Sentences 中国有五千年的历史。 Zhōngguó yǒu wǔqiān nián de lìshǐ. China has a history of five thousand years. 学习历史可以帮助我们了解现在。 Xuéxí lìshǐ kěyǐ bāngzhù wǒmen liǎojiě xiànzài. Studying history can help us understand...
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) — to transform; to change; transition
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) 转变 means "to transform," "to change," or "transition" and describes a significant shift in nature, form, attitude, or direction. Meanings [verb] to transform; to change; to shift; to convert [noun] transformation; change; transition Example Sentences 他的态度发生了很大的转变。 Tā de tàidù fāshēng le hěn dà de zhuǎnbiàn. His attitude underwent a great transformation. 这个城市正在从工业城市向服务业城市转变。 Zhège chéngshì zhèngzài cóng gōngyè chéngshì xiàng fúwùyè chéngshì zhuǎnbiàn. This city is transforming from an...
微处理器 (wēi chǔlǐqì) — microprocessor
微处理器 (wēi chǔlǐqì) 微处理器 is a miniaturized digital computer central processing unit fabricated on a single semiconductor integrated circuit. It executes stored instructions and is the computational core of computers, smartphones, embedded systems, and virtually all modern digital devices. Microprocessor performance and architecture are central topics in computer science and hardware engineering. Meanings [noun] microprocessor; a single-chip integrated circuit that performs the functions of a central processing unit Example Sentences...
自然 (zìrán) — nature; natural; of course
自然 (zìrán) 自然 can refer to the natural world, describe something as unforced and natural in manner, or act as an adverb meaning "of course." Meanings [noun] nature; the natural world [adj] natural; unaffected; spontaneous [adv] naturally; of course; as a matter of course Example Sentences 我们要保护大自然。 Wǒmen yào bǎohù dà zìrán. We must protect nature. 她说话的方式很自然，让人感觉很舒服。 Tā shuōhuà de fāngshì hěn zìrán, ràng rén gǎnjué hěn shūfu. The way...
总体 (zǒngtǐ) — overall; in general; on the whole
总体 (zǒngtǐ) 总体 means overall or in general, used to describe something from a comprehensive, whole-picture perspective rather than focusing on individual parts. Meanings [adjective] overall; general; comprehensive [adverb] on the whole; in general; overall Example Sentences 总体来说，这次活动非常成功。 Zǒngtǐ lái shuō, zhè cì huódòng fēicháng chénggōng. Overall, this event was very successful. 公司总体表现不错，但还有改进的空间。 Gōngsī zǒngtǐ biǎoxiàn bùcuò, dàn hái yǒu gǎijìn de kōngjiān. The company's overall performance is good, but...
韧性 (rènxìng) — resilience
韧性 (rènxìng) 韧性 originally referred to the physical toughness of a material — its ability to bend without breaking. In modern usage, it has expanded to describe psychological and social resilience: the capacity of a person, organization, or system to recover from setbacks and adapt to adversity. 韧性 is widely discussed in psychology, education, and business contexts. Meanings noun resilience, toughness, flexibility under stress; the capacity to recover from difficulty...
两 (liǎng) — two (before measure words)
两 (liǎng) The form of "two" used directly before measure words (classifiers) and in quantities; it cannot appear in pure counting sequences or ordinals — that is the job of 二 (èr). See the 二 page for the full comparison. Meanings [number] Two (quantity, always before a measure word or unit). [adjective] A couple of, a few (colloquial: 说两句, say a few words). Example Sentences 我有两个哥哥。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè...
超市 (chāoshì) — supermarket
超市 (chāoshì) A supermarket, a large self-service store selling food, household goods, and other everyday items. 超市 is short for 超级市场 (chāojí shìchǎng). Meanings [noun] Supermarket. A large retail store stocking a wide variety of goods including food and household products. Example Sentences 我每周去超市买东西。 Wǒ měi zhōu qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I go to the supermarket every week to buy things. 超市里有苹果吗？ Chāoshì lǐ yǒu píngguǒ ma? Does the supermarket...
范围 (fànwéi) — range; scope; extent
范围 (fànwéi) 范围 means "range," "scope," or "extent" and is used to describe the boundaries or limits within which something operates or applies. Meanings [noun] range; scope; extent; boundary Example Sentences 这次考试的范围很广。 Zhè cì kǎoshì de fànwéi hěn guǎng. The scope of this exam is very wide. 请在规定范围内完成任务。 Qǐng zài guīdìng fànwéi nèi wánchéng rènwù. Please complete the task within the specified scope. 这个问题超出了我们的工作范围。 Zhège wèntí chāochū le wǒmen de...
同学 (tóngxué) — Classmate
同学 (tóngxué) 同学 refers to someone who studies or studied at the same school or in the same class as you. Meanings [noun] classmate; schoolmate; fellow student Example Sentences 我和我的同学一起复习功课。 Wǒ hé wǒ de tóngxué yīqǐ fùxí gōngkè. My classmates and I review our lessons together. 她是我大学时最好的同学。 Tā shì wǒ dàxué shí zuì hǎo de tóngxué. She was my best classmate during university. 同学们，请翻开教材第三十页。 Tóngxuémen, qǐng fān kāi jiàocái dìsānshí...
整合 (zhěnghé) — to integrate, to consolidate
整合 (zhěnghé) 整合 means to integrate or consolidate — to bring together separate, possibly diverse elements and combine them into a unified, coherent whole. It implies more than just gathering; it suggests reorganizing and optimizing the combined result. It is widely used in business (mergers), education (curriculum integration), and policy (resource consolidation). Meanings [v] to integrate; to consolidate; to merge into a unified whole [v] to reorganize and optimize by...
假期 (jiàqī) — vacation / holiday period
假期 (jiàqī) A period of days or weeks free from work or school, such as summer vacation or a national holiday break. While 假日 is a single day, 假期 refers to a span of time. Meanings [noun] Vacation, holiday period, break (a stretch of time off). [noun] Leave period (from work or school). Example Sentences 暑假是我最喜欢的假期。 Shǔjià shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jiàqī. Summer vacation is my favorite holiday period....
熟悉 (shúxī) — familiar with
熟悉 (shúxī) 熟悉 means to be familiar with something through repeated contact, practice, or experience. It is the feeling of knowing something well enough that it no longer feels foreign. Meanings [verb] To know well; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with. [adjective] Familiar; well-known (to oneself). Example Sentences 我对这个城市很熟悉。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì hěn shúxī. I am very familiar with this city. 他熟悉这里的环境，可以带我们参观。 Tā shúxī zhèlǐ de huánjìng,...
动机 (dòngjī) — motive; motivation
动机 (dòngjī) 动机 refers to the reason, motive, or inner motivation behind a person's action or behavior. Meanings [noun] motive, motivation, or the underlying reason for doing something Example Sentences 他犯罪的动机是什么？ Tā fànzuì de dòngjī shì shénme? What was his motive for committing the crime? 了解学生的学习动机对老师很重要。 Liǎojiě xuéshēng de xuéxí dòngjī duì lǎoshī hěn zhòngyào. Understanding students' motivation to learn is very important for teachers. 他的动机是纯粹的，只是想帮助别人。 Tā de dòngjī shì...
买 (mǎi) — to buy, to purchase
买 (mǎi) 买 means to buy or to purchase. It is the opposite of 卖 (mài, to sell). The two characters look similar: 买 has a cross on top and no person radical below, while 卖 has an extra component on top. Meanings [verb] To buy, to purchase. Example Sentences 我要去超市买水果。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi shuǐguǒ. I want to go to the supermarket to buy fruit. 她买了一件新衣服。 Tā mǎi...
收购 (shōugòu) — to acquire, acquisition
收购 (shōugòu) Used in business and agriculture to describe the purchase of a company, brand, or large batch of goods, often implying a transfer of ownership or control. Meanings [verb] to acquire, to buy out, to purchase in bulk [noun] acquisition, takeover Example Sentences 这家科技公司宣布收购一家人工智能初创企业。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī xuānbù shōugòu yī jiā réngōng zhìnéng chūchuàng qǐyè. The tech company announced the acquisition of an artificial intelligence startup. 农业合作社负责收购农民的粮食。 Nóngyè...
满意 (mǎnyì) — satisfied; pleased
满意 (mǎnyì) 满意 describes a state of satisfaction or contentment, when something meets or exceeds one's expectations. Meanings [adj] satisfied; pleased; content Example Sentences 顾客对我们的服务很满意。 Gùkè duì wǒmen de fúwù hěn mǎnyì. The customer is very satisfied with our service. 我对这次考试的成绩不太满意。 Wǒ duì zhè cì kǎoshì de chéngjì bù tài mǎnyì. I am not very satisfied with my exam results this time. 希望你对这份礼物感到满意。 Xīwàng nǐ duì zhè fèn lǐwù gǎndào...
透明的 (tòumíng de) — transparent
透明的 (tòumíng de) 透明的 describes something that is open, clear, and visible -- whether physically transparent (like glass) or figuratively transparent (like an open government process). In social and political contexts, it refers to accessibility of information and accountability. Meanings [adj] transparent; clear and open; not hidden or secretive Example Sentences 政府需要建立透明的财政管理制度。 Zhèngfǔ xūyào jiànlì tòumíng de cáizhèng guǎnlǐ zhìdù. The government needs to establish a transparent financial management system....
减少 (jiǎnshǎo) — to reduce / to decrease
减少 (jiǎnshǎo) To cause something to become smaller in number, amount, or degree; or for something to become less on its own. Meanings [verb] To reduce, to decrease, to lessen (transitive). [verb] To decline, to drop, to diminish (intransitive). Example Sentences 我们要减少浪费，保护环境。 Wǒmen yào jiǎnshǎo làngfèi, bǎohù huánjìng. We should reduce waste and protect the environment. 今年公司的成本减少了很多。 Jīnnián gōngsī de chéngběn jiǎnshǎo le hěn duō. This year the company's costs...
服务 (fúwù) — service; to serve
服务 (fúwù) 服务 refers to the provision of assistance or work done for others, as well as the act of serving. Meanings [noun] Service; assistance provided. [verb] To serve; to provide service to. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的服务非常好。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de fúwù fēicháng hǎo. The service at this restaurant is very good. 我们的目标是为客户提供最好的服务。 Wǒmen de mùbiāo shì wèi kèhù tígōng zuì hǎo de fúwù. Our goal is to provide the best...
公斤 (gōngjīn) — kilogram
公斤 (gōngjīn) 公斤 is the standard Chinese term for kilogram, the metric unit of mass. 公 indicates "metric/official" (from 公制, the metric system) and 斤 is the traditional Chinese unit of weight (approximately 500 grams). So 公斤 is literally "official jin," standardized to 1,000 grams. Meanings [measure word/noun] Kilogram (kg). Used to measure weight in the metric system. Example Sentences 这个西瓜有五公斤。 Zhège xīguā yǒu wǔ gōngjīn. This watermelon weighs five...
网络 (wǎngluò) — network; online
网络 (wǎngluò) 网络 literally means a net-like structure. In modern Chinese it refers to computer networks, the internet, and the online world in general. It is a broader and more versatile term than 互联网 (the global Internet) and can refer to any type of network. Meanings [noun] network (computer, social, transport, etc.) [noun] the internet; the online world (colloquially) [adjective] online; internet-based; cyber Example Sentences 网络谣言传播速度极快，往往在核实之前已造成严重社会影响。 Wǎngluò yáoyán chuánbō sùdù...
诚实 (chénɡshí) — honest / honesty
诚实 (chéngshí) 诚实 means honest or truthful, describing a person who says what they truly think and does not deceive others. Meanings [adjective] honest; truthful; sincere; straightforward Example Sentences 诚实是最重要的品质之一。 Chéngshí shì zuì zhòngyào de pǐnzhì zhī yī. Honesty is one of the most important qualities. 你应该诚实地告诉他真相。 Nǐ yīnggāi chéngshí de gàosù tā zhēnxiàng. You should honestly tell him the truth. 他是一个非常诚实的人，从不说谎。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng chéngshí de rén, cóng...
从众 (cóngzhòng) — conformity; to conform
从众 (cóngzhòng) 从众 describes the social phenomenon where individuals change their behavior, opinions, or actions to match the majority or the group. It is a core concept in social psychology, closely related to peer pressure and groupthink. While 从众 can promote social harmony, excessive conformity may suppress individuality and independent thinking. Meanings noun/verb conformity; to conform, to follow the crowd, to go along with the majority Example Sentences 从众心理是人类社会中普遍存在的现象。 Cóngzhòng...
在乎 (zàihu) — to care about; to mind; to take to heart
在乎 (zàihu) 在乎 means "to care about" or "to mind." It expresses emotional investment in something — being affected by it, taking it to heart, or being bothered by it. It is most common in negative or interrogative forms: 不在乎 ("not care") and 在乎吗 ("do you care?"). Meanings [verb] To care about; to mind; to take to heart; to be affected by — expresses that something matters emotionally to the...
月 (yuè) — month; moon
月 (yuè) The word for both "month" and "moon"; months in Chinese are numbered (一月 = January, 十二月 = December), so knowing 月 plus numbers 1–12 gives you all twelve months automatically. Meanings [noun] Month (calendar month: 一月 through 十二月). [noun] Moon (the celestial body; also in compounds like 月亮, moonlight). Example Sentences 我的生日是三月十五号。 Wǒ de shēngrì shì Sān yuè shíwǔ hào. My birthday is March 15th. 这个月我很忙。 Zhège yuè...
成功 (chénggōng) — success / to succeed
成功 (chénggōng) 成功 means success or to succeed. As a verb it describes the successful completion of a goal or action. As a noun it refers to the state or result of succeeding. It is one of the most motivating and frequently used words in Chinese culture. Meanings [verb] To succeed; to be successful. [noun] Success; achievement. Example Sentences 他终于成功了！ Tā zhōngyú chénggōng le! He finally succeeded! 成功需要努力和坚持。 Chénggōng xūyào...
制裁 (zhìcái) — sanction, to sanction
制裁 (zhìcái) 制裁 refers to official coercive measures -- typically economic, political, or legal -- imposed by a state, organization, or authority to punish violations and compel compliance. Meanings [noun] sanction, punitive measure [verb] to sanction, to impose penalties on, to punish Example Sentences 联合国安理会通过决议，对该国实施经济制裁。 Liánhéguó ān lǐ huì tōngguò juéyì, duì gāi guó shíshī jīngjì zhìcái. The UN Security Council passed a resolution to impose economic sanctions on the...
危机 (wēijī) — Crisis
危机 (wēijī) 危机 refers to a dangerous or critical turning point in a situation, often requiring urgent action. Meanings [noun] crisis; critical juncture; emergency situation Example Sentences 公司正面临一场严重的财务危机。 Gōngsī zhèng miànlín yī chǎng yánzhòng de cáiwù wēijī. The company is currently facing a serious financial crisis. 政府迅速采取措施解决了这次危机。 Zhèngfǔ xùnsù cǎiqǔ cuòshī jiějuéle zhè cì wēijī. The government quickly took measures to resolve the crisis. 危机往往也是转机的开始。 Wēijī wǎngwǎng yěshì zhuǎnjī de...
治疗 (zhìliáo) — Treat, treatment
治疗 (zhìliáo) 治疗 refers to medical treatment or therapy applied to cure or alleviate illness, injury, or a medical condition. Meanings [verb] to treat (a disease); to administer medical treatment [noun] treatment; therapy; medical care Example Sentences 医生说这种病需要长期治疗。 Yīshēng shuō zhè zhǒng bìng xūyào chángqī zhìliáo. The doctor said this disease requires long-term treatment. 新药的研发为癌症治疗带来了新的希望。 Xīn yào de yánfā wèi áizhèng zhìliáo dàilái le xīn de xīwàng. The development of...
危机 (wēijī) — crisis
危机 (wēijī) 危机 refers to a critical, unstable situation of serious danger or difficulty that demands urgent attention and decisive action, often representing a turning point. Meanings [noun] crisis (a dangerous or critical turning point situation) Example Sentences 2008年的全球金融危机导致许多国家经济陷入衰退。 Èr líng líng bā nián de quánqiú jīnróng wēijī dǎozhì xǔduō guójiā jīngjì xiàn rù shuāituì. The 2008 global financial crisis caused many countries' economies to fall into recession. 面对危机，领导者的决策能力和应对速度至关重要。 Miànduì...
相应 (xiāngyìng) — corresponding; accordingly
相应 (xiāngyìng) 相应 describes something that corresponds to, matches, or responds proportionally to something else, commonly used in formal writing and policy language. Meanings [adjective] corresponding; appropriate; matching [adverb] accordingly; correspondingly Example Sentences 政府出台了相应的政策来应对经济下行压力。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xiāngyìng de zhèngcè lái yìngduì jīngjì xiàxíng yālì. The government introduced corresponding policies to address the downward pressure on the economy. 员工工资应与其工作量和技能水平相应。 Yuángōng gōngzī yīng yǔ qí gōngzuòliàng hé jìnéng shuǐpíng xiāngyìng. Employee...
餐厅 (cāntīng) — restaurant, dining room
餐厅 (cāntīng) 餐厅 refers to a restaurant or dining hall where people go to eat prepared meals. It covers everything from casual eateries to formal dining establishments. Meanings noun restaurant, dining room (a place where meals are prepared and served) Example Sentences 这家餐厅的服务非常好。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de fúwù fēicháng hǎo. The service at this restaurant is excellent. 我们周末去一家新餐厅试试吧。 Wǒmen zhōumò qù yī jiā xīn cāntīng shì shì ba. Let's try...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) A verb phrase meaning "to make a phone call." It combines 打 (dǎ, to strike/hit, used for many actions) and 电话 (diànhuà, telephone). Together they form the standard expression for making a call. Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call, to call someone by phone. Example Sentences 我想给妈妈打电话。 Wǒ xiǎng gěi māma dǎ diànhuà. I want to make a phone call to my mom. 他正在打电话，请等一下。 Tā...
框架 (kuàngjià) — framework, outline
框架 (kuàngjià) 框架 refers to a structural framework or outline that provides the basic organizing structure for a system, agreement, analysis, or construction, emphasizing the skeleton or boundary rather than the detailed content. Meanings [noun] framework, outline, skeleton structure [noun] frame (architectural or conceptual) Example Sentences 两国谈判已就合作协议的基本框架达成共识。 Liǎng guó tánpàn yǐ jiù hézuò xiéyì de jīběn kuàngjià dáchéng gòngshí. The negotiations between the two countries have reached consensus on the...
贷款 (dàikuǎn) — loan; to take out a loan
贷款 (dàikuǎn) 贷款 refers to a loan from a bank or financial institution, and is central vocabulary for discussions of personal finance, housing, business operations, and economic policy in China. Meanings [noun] loan; credit (from a bank) [verb] to take out a loan; to lend money (from a bank's perspective) Example Sentences 他向银行申请了一笔住房贷款。 Tā xiàng yínháng shēnqǐng le yī bǐ zhùfáng dàikuǎn. He applied to the bank for a housing...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — the Internet
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the standard Chinese term for the Internet, referring to the global network of interconnected computers that enables the exchange of information and communication worldwide. Meanings [noun] the Internet; the global network connecting computers and devices worldwide Example Sentences 互联网的出现彻底改变了人们获取信息和交流沟通的方式。 Hùliánwǎng de chūxiàn chèdǐ gǎibiànle rénmen huòqǔ xìnxī hé jiāoliú gōutōng de fāngshì. The emergence of the Internet has fundamentally changed the way people access information and...
克服 (kèfú) — to overcome; to surmount
克服 (kèfú) 克服 means to overcome or conquer a difficulty, fear, or obstacle through effort and determination. Meanings [verb] to overcome, conquer, or surmount a challenge, difficulty, or obstacle Example Sentences 他克服了对公开演讲的恐惧。 Tā kèfú le duì gōngkāi yǎnjiǎng de kǒngjù. He overcame his fear of public speaking. 成功需要克服许多困难和挑战。 Chénggōng xūyào kèfú xǔduō kùnnán hé tiǎozhàn. Success requires overcoming many difficulties and challenges. 她凭着坚强的意志克服了重病。 Tā píng zhe jiānqiáng de yìzhì kèfú...
思维 (sīwéi) — thinking; thought; mindset
思维 (sīwéi) 思维 refers to the process of thinking or cognition, and can also describe a person's particular way of thinking, mental framework, or mindset, often used in academic, educational, and intellectual contexts. Meanings [noun] thinking; thought; cognitive process [noun] mindset; way of thinking; mental approach Example Sentences 批判性思维是现代教育的核心目标之一，能帮助学生独立分析问题。 Pīpànxìng sīwéi shì xiàndài jiàoyù de héxīn mùbiāo zhī yī, néng bāngzhù xuéshēng dúlì fēnxī wèntí. Critical thinking is one of...
思维 (sīwéi) — thinking; thought process
思维 (sīwéi) 思维 refers to the process or capacity of thinking -- how a person reasons, perceives, and forms ideas. It often describes a mode or style of thought. Meanings [noun] thinking; thought process; way of thinking Example Sentences 她有很强的逻辑思维。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de luójí sīwéi. She has strong logical thinking. 创新思维对工作很有帮助。 Chuàngxīn sīwéi duì gōngzuò hěn yǒu bāngzhù. Creative thinking is very helpful at work. 学习新语言可以改变思维方式。 Xuéxí xīn...
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) — to imagine; imagination
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) 想象 means to imagine or picture something in the mind, and as a noun it means imagination -- the creative faculty of forming mental images. Meanings [verb] to imagine; to picture [noun] imagination Example Sentences 你能想象未来是什么样子吗？ Nǐ néng xiǎngxiàng wèilái shì shénme yàngzi ma? Can you imagine what the future will look like? 他有丰富的想象力。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de xiǎngxiànglì. He has a rich imagination. 这个故事超出了我的想象。 Zhège gùshi chāochūle...
管 (guǎn) — to manage / to bother with
管 (guǎn) 管 means to manage, oversee, or be responsible for. It also means to bother with or concern oneself with, and appears in the important phrase 不管 meaning no matter or regardless. Meanings [verb] To manage; to be in charge of; to oversee. [verb] To concern oneself with; to bother about; to interfere in. [verb] To discipline; to control. Example Sentences 这件事谁来管？ Zhè jiàn shì shuí lái guǎn? Who...
双 (shuāng) — pair; both; double (measure word)
双 (shuāng) 双 is the measure word for things that come in pairs: shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, eyes, and hands. It can also function as an adjective meaning "double" or "both." Compare it with 对 (duì), which is used for couples of people or matched sets like earrings. Meanings [mw] Pair — counts objects that naturally come in twos (shoes, socks, chopsticks). [adj] Double; both; twin — describes something that...
设计 (shèjì) — to design; design; plan
设计 (shèjì) 设计 describes the intentional creation of a plan, structure, or aesthetic for a product, system, or experience, and works as both verb and noun. Meanings [verb] To design, to plan, to devise (a product, system, or scheme). [noun] Design, a design, a plan. Example Sentences 这款手机的外观设计简洁大方，深受年轻消费者的喜爱。 Zhè kuǎn shǒujī de wàiguān shèjì jiǎnjié dàfāng, shēn shòu niánqīng xiāofèizhě de xǐ'ài. The appearance design of this phone is sleek...
公民 (gōngmín) — citizen
公民 (gōngmín) 公民 refers to a person who is a legally recognized member of a state, possessing both rights granted by the state and responsibilities toward it. Meanings [noun] citizen (of a country or state) Example Sentences 每位公民都有义务遵守国家的法律和法规。 Měi wèi gōngmín dōu yǒu yìwù zūnshǒu guójiā de fǎlǜ hé fǎguī. Every citizen has the obligation to abide by the laws and regulations of the country. 投票是公民参与民主政治的重要方式。 Tóupiào shì gōngmín cānyù...
设计 (shèjì) — to design; design
设计 (shèjì) 设计 encompasses the full range of design activities -- from graphic and product design to architectural planning and the design of systems or experiments -- making it indispensable in creative and technical contexts. Meanings [verb] to design; to plan; to devise [noun] design; a plan; a blueprint Example Sentences 这座建筑由著名建筑师设计，风格独特。 Zhè zuò jiànzhú yóu zhùmíng jiànzhùshī shèjì, fēnggé dútè. This building was designed by a famous architect and...
吸引 (xīyǐn) — to attract; to draw; to fascinate
吸引 (xīyǐn) 吸引 describes the power to draw someone's attention, interest, or presence toward something, whether physical or psychological. Meanings [verb] To attract, to draw, to fascinate, to captivate. Example Sentences 这座城市丰富的夜生活和多元文化深深吸引了来自世界各地的年轻人。 Zhè zuò chéngshì fēngfù de yèshēnghuó hé duōyuán wénhuà shēnshēn xīyǐn le láizì shìjiè gèdì de niánqīngrén. The city's vibrant nightlife and diverse culture deeply attracted young people from all over the world. 她的演讲极具感染力，吸引了在场所有听众的注意力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng jí...
公民 (gōngmín) — citizen
公民 (gōngmín) 公民 refers to a citizen — a person who is a legally recognized member of a country and who holds certain rights and responsibilities under its laws. Meanings n citizen, national Example Sentences 每位公民都有权利参与民主选举。 Měi wèi gōngmín dōu yǒu quánlì cānyù mínzhǔ xuǎnjǔ. Every citizen has the right to participate in democratic elections. 公民有责任遵守国家的法律。 Gōngmín yǒu zérèn zūnshǒu guójiā de fǎlǜ. Citizens have a responsibility to obey the...
过渡 (guòdù) — transition; to transition
过渡 (guòdù) 过渡 describes a transitional phase or the process of moving from one state, system, or condition to another, and is widely used in political, economic, and social discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] transition; transitional period; changeover [verb] to transition; to shift from one state to another Example Sentences 这个国家正处于从计划经济向市场经济过渡的阶段。 Zhège guójiā zhèng chǔyú cóng jìhuà jīngjì xiàng shìchǎng jīngjì guòdù de jiēduàn. This country is in the...
规划 (guīhuà) — to plan; planning
规划 (guīhuà) 规划 conveys the idea of comprehensive, systematic planning over a longer horizon, and is frequently used in government policy, urban development, and strategic business contexts. Meanings [verb] to plan; to map out; to blueprint [noun] a plan; a blueprint; a development scheme Example Sentences 城市规划对居民的生活质量有重大影响。 Chéngshì guīhuà duì jūmín de shēnghuó zhìliàng yǒu zhòngdà yǐngxiǎng. Urban planning has a major impact on residents' quality of life. 政府发布了未来五年的经济发展规划。 Zhèngfǔ...
诚然 (chéngrán) — admittedly, of course
诚然 (chéngrán) 诚然 is a formal adverb used to concede a point or acknowledge that something is true before introducing a qualification, counterargument, or nuance. It is equivalent to "admittedly," "it is true that," or "to be sure" in English and is a hallmark of sophisticated argumentation in written Chinese. Meanings [adv] admittedly, it is true that (conceding a point) [adv] of course, certainly (affirming something as undeniably true) Example...
探索 (tànsuǒ) — to explore; to probe
探索 (tànsuǒ) 探索 means to explore or probe into the unknown, involving active investigation and discovery, used for both physical exploration and intellectual inquiry. Meanings [verb] to explore; to investigate; to probe; to search for answers Example Sentences 科学家们一直在探索宇宙的奥秘。 Kēxuéjiāmen yīzhí zài tànsuǒ yǔzhòu de àomì. Scientists have been exploring the mysteries of the universe. 她喜欢探索不同的文化和生活方式。 Tā xǐhuān tànsuǒ bùtóng de wénhuà hé shēnghuó fāngshì. She enjoys exploring different cultures...
吃惊 (chījīng) — to be surprised; to be shocked
吃惊 (chījīng) 吃惊 describes the involuntary feeling of surprise or shock that comes when something unexpected occurs. Meanings [verb] To be surprised, to be shocked, to be startled (by something unexpected). Example Sentences 当她得知自己获得了奖学金时，不禁大吃一惊。 Dāng tā dézhī zìjǐ huòdé le jiǎngxuéjīn shí, bùjīn dà chī yī jīng. When she found out she had received the scholarship, she could not help but be completely shocked. 他的突然离职让整个团队都感到十分吃惊。 Tā de tūrán lízhí ràng...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so; therefore
所以 (suǒyǐ) 所以 means "so" or "therefore." It introduces the result or conclusion that follows from the reason stated, often paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because). Meanings [conjunction] So; therefore; as a result (introduces the consequence or conclusion clause). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi qù. Because it was raining, so I did not go. 他很努力，所以成绩很好。 Tā hěn nǔlì, suǒyǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He works very hard, so...
预测 (yùcè) — to predict; to forecast
预测 (yùcè) 预测 means "to predict" or "to forecast" and refers to making an informed judgment about what will happen in the future, often based on data or analysis. Meanings [verb] to predict; to forecast; to project [noun] prediction; forecast; projection Example Sentences 天气预报预测明天会下雨。 Tiānqì yùbào yùcè míngtiān huì xià yǔ. The weather forecast predicts rain tomorrow. 经济学家预测今年的经济增长率为5%。 Jīngjìxuéjiā yùcè jīnnián de jīngjì zēngzhǎnglǜ wéi 5%. Economists forecast an economic...
直接 (zhíjiē) — direct; straightforward
直接 (zhíjiē) 直接 means direct or straightforward, describing something done without any intermediary step or in a frank, unambiguous manner. Meanings [adjective] direct; without intermediary; straightforward [adverb] directly; straight; without going through an intermediate step Example Sentences 有问题请直接告诉我。 Yǒu wèntí qǐng zhíjiē gàosù wǒ. If you have a problem, please tell me directly. 这件事与你有直接关系。 Zhè jiàn shì yǔ nǐ yǒu zhíjiē guānxi. This matter is directly related to you. 你可以直接联系负责人。...
曾经 (céngjīng) — once / at one time
曾经 (céngjīng) 曾经 means once or at one time, always referring to something that happened in the past. It emphasizes that an experience existed at some previous point, often contrasting with the present. It frequently appears with 过 to mark completed past experience. An important usage note: 曾经 always looks backward. You cannot use it for the future or present. If you want to say "I have been to Beijing,"...
不合理 (bù hélǐ) — Unreasonable / irrational
不合理 (bù hélǐ) 不合理 describes something that does not conform to reason, logic, or fairness — the opposite of 合理 (reasonable). Meanings [adjective] unreasonable, irrational, unfair, illogical Example Sentences 这个规定非常不合理，大家都不满意。 Zhège guīdìng fēicháng bù hélǐ, dàjiā dōu bù mǎnyì. This rule is very unreasonable, and everyone is dissatisfied. 他的要求太不合理了，我没办法答应。 Tā de yāoqiú tài bù hélǐ le, wǒ méi bànfǎ dāying. His demands are too unreasonable; I have no way to...
部分 (bùfen) — part / portion / section
部分 (bùfen) 部分 refers to a part, portion, or section of a larger whole. It is used to indicate that something applies to only some, not all, of a group or thing. The tone on 分 is neutral (bùfen, not bùfèn) in most standard speech. Meanings [noun] Part; portion; section; segment. [noun] Some (a subset of a group), as in "part of the students." Example Sentences 这只是整个计划的一部分。 Zhè zhǐshì zhěnggè...
甚至 (shènzhì) — even; so much so that
甚至 (shènzhì) 甚至 is used to present an extreme example that exceeds what has just been stated, adding emphasis to the degree or extent of something. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] even; even to the point that; so much so that Example Sentences 他学习非常努力，甚至周末也不休息。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng nǔlì, shènzhì zhōumò yě bù xiūxi. He studies very hard -- he even skips rest on weekends. 这道题太难了，甚至老师也做不出来。 Zhè dào tí tài nán le, shènzhì lǎoshī...
差不多 (chàbuduō) — almost; about the same
差不多 (chàbuduō) 差不多 is used to say that two things are about the same, or that something is nearly complete or approximately true. Meanings [adjective] about the same; similar; nearly equal [adverb] almost; nearly; approximately Example Sentences 这两件衣服的价格差不多。 Zhè liǎng jiàn yīfu de jiàgé chàbuduō. The prices of these two pieces of clothing are about the same. 他差不多每天都来这里运动。 Tā chàbuduō měitiān dōu lái zhèlǐ yùndòng. He comes here to exercise...
再 (zài) — again (future), then, more
再 (zài) An adverb meaning "again" for future or hypothetical repetition. Key contrast with 又 (yòu): 再 is used for actions that will happen again or are being requested, while 又 describes repetition that has already occurred. Meanings [adv] Again (future repetition), one more time. [adv] Then (after something else happens first). [adv] More, further (with adjectives or longer). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it...
哪儿 (nǎr) — where
哪儿 (nǎr) The colloquial, northern-dialect form of "where," formed by adding the erhua suffix 儿 to 哪; it is interchangeable with 哪里 (nǎlǐ), but 哪儿 is more common in spoken Beijing Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] Where (asking about location or destination). [pronoun] Wherever (in an open or conditional sense). Example Sentences 你去哪儿？ Nǐ qù nǎr? Where are you going? 你家在哪儿？ Nǐ jiā zài nǎr? Where is your home? 厕所在哪儿？ Cèsuǒ zài...
成熟 (chéngshú) — mature; ripe; to mature
成熟 (chéngshú) 成熟 describes something that has reached full development, whether fruit ripening on a tree or a person's emotional and intellectual growth. Meanings [adj/verb] mature; ripe; fully developed; to ripen; to come of age emotionally Example Sentences 这些苹果已经成熟，可以摘了。 Zhèxiē píngguǒ yǐjīng chéngshú, kěyǐ zhāi le. These apples are ripe and can be picked. 经历了很多事，他变得更成熟了。 Jīnglì le hěn duō shì, tā biàn de gèng chéngshú le. Having gone through a...
内容 (nèiróng) — content, substance
内容 (nèiróng) 内容 refers to the substance, information, or material contained within something -- a book, speech, website, course, or any form of communication. Meanings [noun] content, substance, subject matter Example Sentences 这本书的内容非常丰富，涵盖了很多领域的知识。 Zhè běn shū de nèiróng fēicháng fēngfù, hángài le hěn duō lǐngyù de zhīshi. The content of this book is very rich and covers knowledge from many fields. 演讲的内容应该与听众的需求紧密相关。 Yǎnjiǎng de nèiróng yīnggāi yǔ tīngzhòng de xūqiú...
宿舍 (sùshè) — dormitory
宿舍 (sùshè) 宿舍 means dormitory, referring to shared living quarters at a school, university, or workplace. It is the standard word for student dorms in Chinese universities, where students commonly share rooms with several roommates. Meanings [noun] Dormitory; student dorm; staff quarters. Example Sentences 我住在学校的宿舍里。 Wǒ zhù zài xuéxiào de sùshè lǐ. I live in the school dormitory. 宿舍晚上十一点关门。 Sùshè wǎnshang shíyī diǎn guānmén. The dormitory closes at 11 pm....
出 (chū) — to go out; to exit; to emerge
出 (chū) 出 describes movement from inside to outside, or the emergence of something. It appears both as a standalone verb and as a directional complement attached to action verbs (e.g., 走出, 拿出, 说出). As a complement it indicates that the action results in something coming out or being produced. Meanings [verb] To go out; to exit; to come out. Movement from an enclosed space to the outside. [directional complement]...
低 (dī) — low / below average
低 (dī) Describes something that is physically low in height, or metaphorically below average in value, quality, or degree. Meanings [adjective] Low, short in height (opposite of 高 gāo). [adjective] Low (in degree, price, temperature, or level). Example Sentences 今天气温很低，要穿厚衣服。 Jīntiān qìwēn hěn dī, yào chuān hòu yīfu. The temperature is very low today; you need to wear thick clothes. 这里的物价比城市低得多。 Zhèlǐ de wùjià bǐ chéngshì dī de duō. Prices...
最 (zuì) — most; -est (superlative)
最 (zuì) 最 is the superlative marker in Chinese. It always goes directly before an adjective or verb, never after it. Use it to form "the most…" or the "-est" form in English: 最好 (best), 最大 (biggest), 最喜欢 (like most). No additional words like 的 are needed between 最 and the adjective. Meanings [adv] Most; -est — forms the superlative of adjectives and stative verbs. [adv] Best; to the highest...
次 (cì) — time; occurrence; order
次 (cì) 次 is the measure word for occurrences or instances of an action — equivalent to "time" as in "three times." It differs from 遍 (biàn), which emphasizes completing the full course of an action, while 次 simply counts how many times something happened. Meanings [measure word] Time; occurrence. Counts how many times an action takes place. [noun/adjective] Order; sequence; second (in rank). Used in compounds like 次序 (order)...
护照 (hùzhào) — passport
护照 (hùzhào) 护照 means passport. It is the official travel document issued by a government that allows a person to travel internationally. 护 means to protect, and 照 means certificate or document. In Chinese bureaucratic and travel vocabulary, 护照 is one of the most essential words. Without it you cannot cross a border, check into many hotels, or board an international flight. Related documents include 签证 (visa) and 身份证 (national...
地震 (dìzhèn) — earthquake
地震 (dìzhèn) 地震 is the standard Chinese term for an earthquake -- a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by seismic activity -- and is widely used in news, science, and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] earthquake; seismic event Example Sentences 这次地震造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。 Zhè cì dìzhèn zàochéng le yánzhòng de rényuán shāngyáng hé cáichǎn sǔnshī. This earthquake caused serious casualties and property losses. 气象局测量到这次地震的震级为7.5级。 Qìxiàngjú cèliàng dào zhè cì dìzhèn de...
与其…不如 (yǔqí… bùrú) — Rather than… it's better to
与其…不如 (yǔqí… bùrú) This paired grammar pattern expresses a preference: rather than doing the first thing, it is better to do the second. It implies the second option is clearly superior. Meanings [conjunction pattern] rather than (A), it is better to (B); used to express a preference or recommendation Example Sentences 与其在家抱怨，不如出去想办法解决问题。 Yǔqí zài jiā bàoyuàn, bùrú chūqù xiǎng bànfǎ jiějué wèntí. Rather than staying home and complaining, it is...
原理 (yuánlǐ) — principle, fundamental law
原理 (yuánlǐ) 原理 refers to a fundamental principle or underlying law that governs how something works, typically at a foundational scientific, philosophical, or technical level. Meanings [noun] principle, fundamental law (underlying how something works) [noun] basic mechanism or rationale (of a system or process) Example Sentences 理解杠杆的基本原理需要掌握力学的基础知识。 Lǐjiě gǎnggǎn de jīběn yuánlǐ xūyào zhǎngwò lìxué de jīchǔ zhīshì. Understanding the basic principle of leverage requires mastery of the fundamentals of...
条件 (tiáojiàn) — condition; requirement; terms
条件 (tiáojiàn) 条件 refers to the requirements, prerequisites, or terms that must be met for something to happen or be accepted. Meanings [noun] Condition; requirement; terms (a prerequisite or stated stipulation). Example Sentences 申请这份工作需要满足一定的条件。 Shēnqǐng zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào mǎnzú yīdìng de tiáojiàn. Applying for this job requires meeting certain conditions. 在这样的条件下工作真的很辛苦。 Zài zhèyàng de tiáojiàn xià gōngzuò zhēn de hěn xīnkǔ. Working under such conditions is really hard. 他们提出了三个合作条件。...
分别 (fēnbié) — separately; respectively; apart
分别 (fēnbié) 分别 means separately or respectively, indicating that items or people are dealt with individually, and can also mean to part from someone. Meanings [adverb] separately, respectively, each in turn [verb] to part from or separate from someone Example Sentences 这两种方法分别有不同的优点。 Zhè liǎng zhǒng fāngfǎ fēnbié yǒu bùtóng de yōudiǎn. These two methods each have different advantages. 他们在机场分别了，各自回到了自己的国家。 Tāmen zài jīchǎng fēnbié le, gèzì huídào le zìjǐ de guójiā....
然而 (rán'ér) — However, yet, but
然而 (rán'ér) 然而 is a formal conjunction used to introduce a contrasting or unexpected statement, connecting two ideas where the second is in conflict with or different from the first. Meanings [conj] however; yet; but; nevertheless; nonetheless Example Sentences 他花了大量时间准备面试。然而，结果却令人失望。 Tā huāle dàliàng shíjiān zhǔnbèi miànshì. Rán'ér, jiéguǒ què lìng rén shīwàng. He spent a lot of time preparing for the interview. However, the result was disappointing. 科技的进步带来了许多便利。然而，它也引发了一些新的问题。 Kējì de...
结果 (jiéguǒ) — result; outcome; as a result
结果 (jiéguǒ) 结果 refers to the final outcome or result of a process, and it also functions as a connective meaning "as a result" or "in the end." Meanings [noun] Result; outcome; conclusion. [conjunction] As a result; consequently; in the end. Example Sentences 考试结果明天才能知道。 Kǎoshì jiéguǒ míngtiān cái néng zhīdào. We won't know the exam results until tomorrow. 他努力工作，结果获得了晋升。 Tā nǔlì gōngzuò, jiéguǒ huòdéle jìnshēng. He worked hard, and as...
开创 (kāichuàng) — to pioneer; to create; to open up
开创 (kāichuàng) To pioneer or create something new means to be the first to establish it, breaking new ground and bringing something previously nonexistent into being. Meanings [verb] to pioneer; to found; to create; to open up (a new era, field, or path) Example Sentences 他开创了现代中国画的新风格。 Tā kāichuàngle xiàndài Zhōngguó huà de xīn fēnggé. He pioneered a new style of modern Chinese painting. 改革开放开创了中国历史上的新局面。 Gǎigé kāifàng kāichuàngle Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng...
然而 (rán'ér) — however; but; nevertheless
然而 (rán'ér) 然而 is a formal conjunction meaning however, but, or nevertheless, used to introduce a contrasting statement. Meanings [conjunction] however; but; nevertheless; used to introduce a contrast or unexpected turn Example Sentences 他努力工作，然而结果并不理想。 Tā nǔlì gōngzuò, rán'ér jiéguǒ bìng bù lǐxiǎng. He worked hard; however, the result was not ideal. 计划听起来不错，然而实施起来并不容易。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, rán'ér shíshī qǐlái bìng bù róngyì. The plan sounds good; however, it is not...
问候 (wènhòu) — to greet; to send regards; greetings
问候 (wènhòu) 问候 means to greet someone warmly or to send one's regards, expressing care and goodwill toward another person. Meanings [verb] to greet; to send regards — to express friendly concern or good wishes to someone [noun] greetings; regards — a warm expression of goodwill directed at someone Example Sentences 请代我向你的父母问候。 Qǐng dài wǒ xiàng nǐ de fùmǔ wènhòu. Please send my regards to your parents. 他发来了节日问候。 Tā fā...
着急 (zháojí) — anxious, worried, in a hurry
着急 (zháojí) Describes a state of anxiety, worry, or urgency. Used when someone is nervous about a situation or feels pressed for time. Common in the phrase 别着急 (don't worry / take it easy). Meanings [adj/verb] To be anxious, worried, or in a hurry; to feel urgent concern. Example Sentences 别着急，还有时间。 Bié zháojí, hái yǒu shíjiān. Don't worry. There is still time. 他很着急，一直看表。 Tā hěn zháojí, yīzhí kàn biǎo. He...
感悟 (gǎnwù) — insight; realization; to come to understand
感悟 (gǎnwù) 感悟 refers to a deep personal insight or realization gained through experience, observation, or reflection, often with a philosophical or emotionally significant dimension. It can also be used as a verb meaning to come to understand or realize through lived experience. Meanings [noun] insight; realization; personal understanding gained through experience [verb] to come to understand; to realize through reflection or experience Example Sentences 经历了这次挫折，他对人生有了新的感悟，明白了坚持的重要性。 Jīnglìle zhè cì cuòzhé,...
娱乐 (yúlè) — entertainment, recreation
娱乐 (yúlè) 娱乐 refers to entertainment in a broad sense, including music, film, games, and any activity that brings amusement or enjoyment. It is closely related to the entertainment industry. Meanings n entertainment, recreation, amusement Example Sentences 看电视是他最喜欢的娱乐方式。 Kàn diànshì shì tā zuì xǐhuān de yúlè fāngshì. Watching TV is his favorite form of entertainment. 娱乐产业在中国发展得非常迅速。 Yúlè chǎnyè zài Zhōngguó fāzhǎn de fēicháng xùnsù. The entertainment industry has developed very...
干预 (gānyù) — to intervene; to interfere
干预 (gānyù) To intervene or interfere means to become involved in a situation, especially one that belongs to someone else, in order to influence or change its outcome. Meanings [verb] to intervene; to interfere; to meddle; to get involved in (another's affairs or a situation) Example Sentences 该国拒绝外国势力干预其内政。 Gāi guó jùjué wàiguó shìlì gānyù qí nèizhèng. The country rejected foreign interference in its internal affairs. 政府决定干预市场，防止价格过度波动。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng gānyù shìchǎng,...
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) — I am fine; I am well
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) 我很好 means "I am fine" or "I am doing well." It is the most common response to the greeting 你好吗 (how are you?). Meanings [phrase] I am fine; I am well; I am doing great. Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! A: How are you? B: I am fine, thank you! 我很好，你呢？ Wǒ hěn hǎo, nǐ ne?...
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) — nervous
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) 紧张 means nervous or tense in an emotional sense, but also describes a tight, busy, or strained situation — a shortage of time, resources, or a pressured environment. Meanings [adjective] Nervous; anxious; tense (emotional state). [adjective] Tight; strained; pressed (for time, resources, etc.). Example Sentences 考试前我非常紧张。 Kǎoshì qián wǒ fēicháng jǐnzhāng. I am very nervous before exams. 别紧张，你一定能做好。 Bié jǐnzhāng, nǐ yīdìng néng zuò hǎo. Don't be nervous;...
拒绝 (jùjué) — Refuse
拒绝 (jùjué) 拒绝 means to refuse, reject, or decline a request, offer, or suggestion. Meanings [verb] to refuse; to reject; to decline; to turn down Example Sentences 他拒绝了那家公司的工作邀请。 Tā jùjuéle nà jiā gōngsī de gōngzuò yāoqǐng. He turned down the job offer from that company. 她礼貌地拒绝了他的求婚。 Tā lǐmào de jùjuéle tā de qiúhūn. She politely rejected his marriage proposal. 你有权利拒绝任何让你感到不舒服的要求。 Nǐ yǒu quánlì jùjué rènhé ràng nǐ gǎndào bù shūfu...
决策 (juécè) — decision-making, policy decision
决策 (juécè) 决策 refers to the process of making significant decisions, particularly in organizational, governmental, or strategic contexts, as well as the decisions themselves. Meanings [noun] decision-making; a policy decision, strategic decision [verb] to make decisions, to determine a course of action Example Sentences 科学的决策需要充分的数据支撑和理性分析。 Kēxué de juécè xūyào chōngfèn de shùjù zhīchēng hé lǐxìng fēnxī. Scientific decision-making requires sufficient data support and rational analysis. 管理层的错误决策导致公司蒙受了巨大损失。 Guǎnlǐ céng de cuòwù...
别 (bié) — don't (imperative)
别 (bié) 别 is the negative imperative adverb meaning "don't." It precedes a verb to tell someone not to perform that action. The key distinction: 别 is a command or strong request directed at a person, while 不 simply states a factual negative. Use 别 when you want to stop or warn someone. Meanings [adverb] Don't (imperative). Commands or urges someone not to do something. Compare: 别走 (don't go —...
哥哥 (gēge) — older brother
哥哥 (gēge) 哥哥 means older brother. In Chinese culture, age order among siblings is built into the vocabulary itself, with distinct words for older and younger siblings of each gender. Meanings [noun] Older brother, elder brother. Example Sentences 我哥哥在北京工作。 Wǒ gēge zài Běijīng gōngzuò. My older brother works in Beijing. 哥哥比我高。 Gēge bǐ wǒ gāo. My older brother is taller than me. 你有哥哥吗？ Nǐ yǒu gēge ma? Do you have...
或者 (huòzhě) — or (in statements)
或者 (huòzhě) 或者 means "or" in statements and declarative sentences. This is a KEY learner confusion: 或者 belongs in statements, while 还是 (háishì) belongs in questions. Using 或者 in a question sounds unnatural. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in statements, not in questions). Example Sentences 你可以坐公共汽车或者打车去。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò gōnggòng qìchē huòzhě dǎ chē qù. You can take the bus or take a taxi to get there. 周六或者周日我都可以。 Zhōuliù huòzhě zhōurì...
以至于 (yǐzhìyú) — to the extent that; so ... that
以至于 (yǐzhìyú) 以至于 is a conjunction that introduces a result or consequence that has reached a notable degree, equivalent to "so ... that" or "to the extent that," often indicating an unexpected or extreme outcome. Meanings [conjunction] to the extent that; so ... that; resulting in (introduces a consequence that reached a notable or extreme degree) Example Sentences 他太专注于工作，以至于忘记了自己的生日。 Tā tài zhuānzhù yú gōngzuò, yǐzhìyú wàngjìle zìjǐ de shēngrì. He...
结束 (jiéshù) — to end / finish
结束 (jiéshù) A word meaning "to end" or "to finish" as a verb, and "the end" as a noun. It signals the completion of an event or activity. Its antonym is 开始 (kāishǐ), meaning "to begin." Meanings [verb] To end, to finish, to conclude (an event or activity). [noun] The end, the conclusion (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点结束？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn jiéshù? What time does the movie end? 工作结束后，我去买东西。 Gōngzuò...
分钟 (fēnzhōng) — minute (duration)
分钟 (fēnzhōng) A measure word for expressing the duration of time in minutes. Contrast with 分 (fēn), which refers to the clock position (e.g., 3:05). Meanings [measure word / noun] Minute(s) of duration (how long something takes). Example Sentences 从这里走到学校只需要十分钟。 Cóng zhèlǐ zǒu dào xuéxiào zhǐ xūyào shí fēnzhōng. It only takes ten minutes to walk from here to school. 请等我五分钟。 Qǐng děng wǒ wǔ fēnzhōng. Please wait five minutes...
方式 (fāngshì) — Method
方式 (fāngshì) 方式 refers to the way, manner, or mode in which something is done or approached. Meanings [noun] method; way; manner; mode; approach Example Sentences 每个人都有自己独特的学习方式。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu zìjǐ dútè de xuéxí fāngshì. Everyone has their own unique way of learning. 沟通方式对于建立良好关系非常重要。 Gōutōng fāngshì duìyú jiànlì liánghǎo guānxi fēicháng zhòngyào. The way you communicate is very important for building good relationships. 我们需要改变解决问题的方式。 Wǒmen xūyào gǎibiàn jiějué...
向 (xiàng) — toward / facing
向 (xiàng) 向 is a preposition meaning toward or in the direction of. It introduces the target of movement or orientation. It is also used to indicate asking, reporting, or learning from someone. It can precede a person or place. Meanings [preposition] Toward; in the direction of. [preposition] To (a person); from (expressing who an action is directed at). Example Sentences 向左转。 Xiàng zuǒ zhuǎn. Turn left (toward the left)....
突然 (tūrán) — suddenly; all of a sudden
突然 (tūrán) 突然 describes something that happens unexpectedly and without prior warning. Meanings [adv/adj] suddenly; all of a sudden; abrupt; unexpected Example Sentences 他突然站起来，大声说了一句话。 Tā tūrán zhàn qǐlái, dàshēng shuō le yī jù huà. He suddenly stood up and said something loudly. 天气突然变冷了，要多穿衣服。 Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le, yào duō chuān yīfu. The weather suddenly got cold, you should wear more clothes. 会议突然被取消了，大家都很意外。 Huìyì tūrán bèi qǔxiāo le, dàjiā dōu...
变革 (biàngé) — reform; transformation
变革 (biàngé) 变革 refers to fundamental, often large-scale change or reform in society, institutions, or systems, implying a deeper transformation than simple modification. Meanings [noun] reform; transformation; fundamental change [verb] to reform; to transform; to bring about fundamental change Example Sentences 工业革命带来了深刻的社会变革。 Gōngyè gémìng dàilái le shēnkè de shèhuì biàngé. The Industrial Revolution brought about profound social transformation. 这个国家正在经历一场深刻的政治变革。 Zhège guójiā zhèngzài jīnglì yī chǎng shēnkè de zhèngzhì biàngé. This...
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) — in summary; to summarise the above
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) 综上所述 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a concluding summary of all the arguments or evidence presented earlier. It is the standard Chinese equivalent of "in summary," "to sum up," or "in conclusion" in academic and formal writing. Meanings [discourse marker] in summary; to summarise the above; in conclusion (based on the foregoing) Example Sentences 综上所述，人工智能的发展既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战，需要社会各界共同应对。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, rén gōng zhìnéng...
性能 (xìngnéng) — performance; capability
性能 (xìngnéng) 性能 refers to the performance, capability, or functional properties of a machine, product, system, or material, describing how well it performs its intended function. Meanings [noun] performance; capability; functional properties (of a machine, product, or system) Example Sentences 这款新型电动汽车的性能非常出色，续航里程超过了五百公里。 Zhè kuǎn xīnxíng diàndòng qìchē de xìngnéng fēicháng chūsè, xùháng lǐchéng chāoguòle wǔbǎi gōnglǐ. The performance of this new electric vehicle is excellent, with a range of over five...
新能源 (xīn néngyuán) — new energy, renewable energy
新能源 (xīn néngyuán) Energy derived from sources other than traditional fossil fuels, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and hydrogen power -- central to global climate and energy policy discussions. Meanings [noun] new energy, renewable energy, clean energy Example Sentences 中国已成为全球最大的新能源汽车生产国。 Zhōngguó yǐ chéngwéi quánqiú zuì dà de xīn néngyuán qìchē shēngchǎn guó. China has become the world's largest producer of new energy vehicles. 政府计划大幅增加新能源在能源结构中的比重。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà dàfú zēngjiā xīn néngyuán zài...
模糊 (móhu) — vague / blurry
模糊 (móhu) 模糊 describes something that is unclear, blurry, or vague, whether visually or conceptually. Meanings [adjective] vague; blurry; indistinct [verb] to blur; to make unclear Example Sentences 他的记忆已经变得模糊了。 Tā de jìyì yǐjīng biàn de móhu le. His memories have become blurry. 这张照片太模糊，看不清楚。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn tài móhu, kàn bù qīngchu. This photo is too blurry to see clearly. 他的回答很模糊，没有说明白。 Tā de huídá hěn móhu, méiyǒu shuō míngbai. His answer...
潜在 (qiánzài) — Potential, latent, hidden
潜在 (qiánzài) 潜在 describes something that exists beneath the surface or has not yet fully manifested -- potential risk, hidden talent, or latent capacity that may emerge under the right conditions. Meanings [adj] potential; latent; hidden; underlying Example Sentences 这个市场有着巨大的潜在商机，值得深入研究。 Zhège shìchǎng yǒuzhe jùdà de qiánzài shāngjī, zhídé shēnrù yánjiū. This market has enormous potential business opportunities worth in-depth research. 我们必须识别并降低项目中的潜在风险。 Wǒmen bìxū shíbié bìng jiàngdī xiàngmù zhōng de qiánzài...
趋势 (qūshì) — trend, tendency
趋势 (qūshì) 趋势 refers to the observable direction or tendency of development over time, indicating where things are heading based on current patterns. Meanings [noun] trend, tendency, direction of development [noun] momentum, trajectory (of events or changes) Example Sentences 全球化是当今世界经济发展的主要趋势之一。 Quánqiú huà shì dāngjīn shìjiè jīngjì fāzhǎn de zhǔyào qūshì zhī yī. Globalization is one of the main trends in today's world economic development. 从目前的数据来看，这一行业呈现出明显的上升趋势。 Cóng mùqián de shùjù lái...
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) — On one hand… on the other hand
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) This is a paired grammar pattern used to present two sides, aspects, or reasons of a situation, similar to "on one hand… on the other hand" in English. Meanings [conjunction pattern] on one hand… on the other hand; used to balance or contrast two points Example Sentences 一方面，工作很有意思；另一方面，压力也很大。 Yī fāngmiàn, gōngzuò hěn yǒu yìsi; lìng yī fāngmiàn, yālì yě hěn dà. On one hand,...
趋势 (qūshì) — trend; tendency
趋势 (qūshì) 趋势 means "trend" or "tendency" and refers to the general direction or pattern in which something is developing or moving over time. Meanings [noun] trend; tendency; direction of development Example Sentences 网上购物是未来的发展趋势。 Wǎng shàng gòuwù shì wèilái de fāzhǎn qūshì. Online shopping is the future development trend. 这种趋势在年轻人中尤其明显。 Zhè zhǒng qūshì zài niánqīngrén zhōng yóuqí míngxiǎn. This trend is especially obvious among young people. 经济学家预测了未来几年的市场趋势。 Jīngjìxuéjiā yùcè le...
建议 (jiànyì) — suggestion
建议 (jiànyì) 建议 means to suggest or recommend, and as a noun it refers to the suggestion itself. It is polite and constructive, used for offering ideas or advice to someone who can choose to accept them. Meanings [verb] To suggest; to recommend; to propose. [noun] A suggestion; a recommendation; advice. Example Sentences 我建议你多休息。 Wǒ jiànyì nǐ duō xiūxi. I suggest you rest more. 你有什么建议？ Nǐ yǒu shénme jiànyì? Do...
事情 (shìqing) — matter, thing, affair
事情 (shìqing) Refers to an affair, matter, or situation that involves doing or handling something. It is broader than 东西 (physical things) and covers events, tasks, and issues in daily life. Meanings [noun] Matter, affair, business, thing (non-physical). Example Sentences 我有一件事情想告诉你。 Wǒ yǒu yī jiàn shìqing xiǎng gàosu nǐ. I have something I want to tell you. 这件事情很重要。 Zhè jiàn shìqing hěn zhòngyào. This matter is very important. 他今天有很多事情要做。 Tā...
总结 (zǒngjié) — summary / to summarize
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means both a summary and the act of summarizing. As a verb it means to sum up or draw conclusions. As a noun it refers to a summary, wrap-up, or conclusion. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] To summarize; to sum up; to draw a conclusion. [noun] A summary; a conclusion; a wrap-up. Example Sentences 请总结一下今天学的内容。 Qǐng zǒngjié yīxià jīntiān xué de...
满足 (mǎnzú) — to satisfy; to meet; satisfied
满足 (mǎnzú) 满足 means either to fulfill or meet a need or standard (as a verb), or to feel contentment and satisfaction with what one has (as an adjective). Meanings [verb] To satisfy, to meet, to fulfill (a need, condition, or requirement). [adjective] Satisfied, content, fulfilled. Example Sentences 这家公司努力满足客户不断变化的需求，赢得了良好的口碑。 Zhè jiā gōngsī nǔlì mǎnzú kèhù bùduàn biànhuà de xūqiú, yíngdé le liánghǎo de kǒubēi. This company works hard to meet...
进程 (jìnchéng) — progress; process; course
进程 (jìnchéng) 进程 means "progress," "process," or "course" and refers to the forward movement or development of an ongoing situation, often at a larger or more formal scale. Meanings [noun] progress; course; development; process (often large-scale) Example Sentences 历史的进程不可阻挡。 Lìshǐ de jìnchéng bùkě zǔdǎng. The course of history cannot be stopped. 改革的进程比预期的要慢。 Gǎigé de jìnchéng bǐ yùqī de yào màn. The progress of reform is slower than expected. 科技的进程加速了社会变化。 Kējì...
碳排放 (tàn páifàng) — carbon emissions
碳排放 (tàn páifàng) 碳排放 refers to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of human activities such as burning fossil fuels, industrial production, and deforestation. Meanings [noun] carbon emissions; greenhouse gas emissions Example Sentences 全球碳排放量持续增加是气候变化的主要原因之一。 Quánqiú tàn páifàng liàng chíxù zēngjiā shì qìhòu biànhuà de zhǔyào yuányīn zhī yī. The continued increase in global carbon emissions is one of the main causes...
出现 (chūxiàn) — to appear; to emerge; to occur
出现 (chūxiàn) 出现 means to appear, emerge, or come into existence, often used when something new or unexpected comes to light. Meanings [verb] to appear, emerge, or come into view or existence Example Sentences 屏幕上出现了一条错误提示。 Píngmù shàng chūxiàn le yī tiáo cuòwù tíshì. An error message appeared on the screen. 最近城市里出现了很多新餐厅。 Zuìjìn chéngshì lǐ chūxiàn le hěn duō xīn cāntīng. Many new restaurants have appeared in the city recently. 这个问题在讨论中反复出现。...
要求 (yāoqiú) — to require; to demand; requirement
要求 (yāoqiú) 要求 covers both the act of demanding or requesting that something be done, and the standard or condition that must be met. Meanings [verb] To require, to demand, to request, to ask (that something be done). [noun] A requirement, a demand, a standard, a condition. Example Sentences 客户对产品质量提出了更高的要求，促使公司不断改进生产工艺。 Kèhù duì chǎnpǐn zhìliàng tíchū le gèng gāo de yāoqiú, cùshǐ gōngsī bùduàn gǎijìn shēngchǎn gōngyì. Customers put forward higher...
雨伞 (yǔsǎn) — umbrella
雨伞 (yǔsǎn) 雨伞 is the standard word for an umbrella used to protect against rain. 雨 means "rain" and 伞 means "umbrella / parasol." The measure word for an umbrella is 把 (bǎ), so one umbrella is 一把雨伞. A sunshade or parasol is 遮阳伞 (zhēyángsǎn). Meanings [noun] Umbrella; rain umbrella. Example Sentences 外面在下雨，别忘了带雨伞。 Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ, bié wàng le dài yǔsǎn. It is raining outside; don't forget to bring...
条例 (tiáolì) — regulation, ordinance
条例 (tiáolì) An official document containing a systematic set of rules or regulations issued by a government authority -- subordinate to laws but binding within a specific domain. Meanings [noun] regulation, ordinance, decree, bylaws Example Sentences 城市管理条例规定，禁止在公共场所随地吐痰。 Chéngshì guǎnlǐ tiáolì guīdìng, jìnzhǐ zài gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ suídì tǔ tán. Urban management regulations stipulate that spitting in public places is prohibited. 该企业因违反劳动保护条例而被罚款。 Gāi qǐyè yīn wéifǎn láodòng bǎohù tiáolì ér bèi fákuǎn....
问责 (wènzé) — to hold accountable; accountability
问责 (wènzé) 问责 refers to the act of holding officials, organisations, or individuals accountable for their conduct or failures, and is a key term in Chinese governance, legal, and public administration discourse at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to hold accountable; to call to account; to demand accountability from [noun] accountability; the process of calling someone to account Example Sentences 政府宣布将对此次事故的相关责任人依法问责。 Zhèngfǔ xuānbù jiāng duì cǐ cì shìgù de xiāngguān zérèn...
价值 (jiàzhí) — value; worth
价值 (jiàzhí) 价值 refers to the worth or importance of something, whether monetary, practical, or philosophical. Meanings [noun] Value; worth; importance. Example Sentences 这幅画的艺术价值很高。 Zhè fú huà de yìshù jiàzhí hěn gāo. This painting has very high artistic value. 金钱不是衡量一个人价值的唯一标准。 Jīnqián bù shì héngliàng yīgè rén jiàzhí de wéiyī biāozhǔn. Money is not the only standard for measuring a person's worth. 这份工作对我来说有很大的价值。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò duì wǒ lái shuō yǒu...
晚上 (wǎnshang) — evening, night
晚上 (wǎnshang) 晚上 means evening or night, covering the time from dusk until one goes to sleep. It is one of the most common time words in everyday Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Evening, night (approximately 18:00 onwards). Example Sentences 晚上我喜欢看电视。 Wǎnshang wǒ xǐhuān kàn diànshì. In the evening I like to watch TV. 今天晚上你有空吗？ Jīntiān wǎnshang nǐ yǒu kòng ma? Are you free this evening? 晚上好！ Wǎnshang hǎo! Good evening!...
苹果 (píngguǒ) — apple
苹果 (píngguǒ) An apple, one of the most common fruits. 苹果 is also famous as the name of the tech company Apple in Chinese, so this word appears in everyday language and technology contexts alike. Meanings [noun] Apple. The round fruit with red, yellow, or green skin and crisp white flesh. [noun] Apple (the technology brand), in informal usage. Example Sentences 我想吃苹果。 Wǒ xiǎng chī píngguǒ. I want to eat...
形象 (xíngxiàng) — image; figure
形象 (xíngxiàng) 形象 refers to the appearance, image, or impression that a person, organization, or character projects to others. Meanings [noun] image; figure; appearance; impression [adjective] vivid; graphic; lifelike Example Sentences 他注意保持自己的公众形象。 Tā zhùyì bǎochí zìjǐ de gōngzhòng xíngxiàng. He pays attention to maintaining his public image. 这个广告损害了公司的形象。 Zhège guǎnggào sǔnhài le gōngsī de xíngxiàng. This advertisement damaged the company's image. 老师用形象的例子解释了这个难懂的概念。 Lǎoshī yòng xíngxiàng de lìzi jiěshì le zhège...
遗憾 (yíhàn) — regret; to regret; regrettable
遗憾 (yíhàn) 遗憾 expresses regret, disappointment, or sorrow over something that did not happen, was lost, or went wrong, and is used across personal, official, and literary contexts at B2 level. Meanings [noun] regret; a sense of loss or disappointment [verb] to regret; to feel sorry about [adjective] regrettable; unfortunate Example Sentences 他感到非常遗憾，因为错过了这次难得的机会。 Tā gǎndào fēicháng yíhàn, yīnwèi cuòguòle zhè cì nándé de jīhuì. He felt very regretful because he...
推出 (tuīchū) — to launch; to roll out
推出 (tuīchū) 推出 means to launch, roll out, or introduce something to the public or market, and is widely used in business, policy, media, and cultural contexts. Meanings [verb] to launch; to roll out (a product, policy, or service) [verb] to introduce; to put forward; to bring out (a new offering) Example Sentences 该品牌近期推出了一款全新的智能手机产品。 Gāi pǐnpái jìnqī tuīchūle yī kuǎn quánxīn de zhìnéng shǒujī chǎnpǐn. The brand recently launched a...
外交 (wàijiāo) — diplomacy; diplomatic
外交 (wàijiāo) 外交 refers to diplomacy -- the management of relations between countries through negotiation and communication -- and is a core term in international relations and political science. Meanings [noun] diplomacy; foreign affairs; diplomatic relations [adjective] diplomatic; pertaining to foreign affairs Example Sentences 两国之间的外交关系已经正常化。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de wàijiāo guānxi yǐjīng zhèngchánghuà. Diplomatic relations between the two countries have been normalized. 外交部发言人就此事发表了声明。 Wàijiāo bù fāyánrén jiù cǐ shì fābiǎo...
当然 (dāngrán) — of course; certainly
当然 (dāngrán) 当然 expresses that something is obvious, expected, or goes without saying. It functions like "of course," "naturally," or "certainly" in English and typically appears at the start of a sentence or before a verb. Meanings [adverb] Of course; naturally; certainly. Indicates that the statement is self-evident or expected. Example Sentences 你能来吗？— 当然能！ Nǐ néng lái ma? — Dāngrán néng! Can you come? — Of course I can! 当然，我很喜欢吃中国菜。...
看 (kàn) — to look at; to watch; to read
看 (kàn) 看 covers a wide range of visual activities. It means "to look at" (general), "to watch" (TV, a film, a performance), and "to read" (books, newspapers). Context makes the meaning clear. Meanings [verb] To look at, to see (directing your gaze at something). [verb] To watch (a screen, a show, a game). [verb] To read (books, newspapers, documents). Example Sentences 我晚上喜欢看电视。 Wǒ wǎnshang xǐhuān kàn diànshì. I like...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to any large, populated settlement with developed infrastructure, as opposed to countryside (农村 nóngcūn). Meanings [noun] City; urban area; town (large). Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 他从农村来到城市工作。 Tā cóng nóngcūn láidào chéngshì gōngzuò. He came from the countryside to work in the city. 这个城市的交通非常方便。...
块 (kuài) — measure word for chunks and yuan
块 (kuài) A measure word used for chunks, lumps, or pieces of things, and also the spoken form of the Chinese currency unit yuan (元). 块 is extremely common in everyday speech. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for chunks, pieces, or lumps of solid material. [measure word] Spoken form of yuan (RMB currency unit). In speech, 块 replaces the formal 元. What 块 counts 块 is used with: 西瓜 (xīguā): watermelon...
感性 (gǎnxìng) — emotional; perceptual; sensory
感性 (gǎnxìng) 感性 describes someone or something that is emotional, intuitive, or driven by feeling and perception rather than logic and reason; it can also refer to sensory or perceptual knowledge as opposed to rational/analytical thinking. Meanings [adjective] emotional; feeling-driven; intuitive; sentimental [noun] emotionality; perceptual knowledge; sensory cognition (philosophy) Example Sentences 她是一个非常感性的人，看电影时经常会被感人的情节感动得流泪。 Tā shì yī gè fēicháng gǎnxìng de rén, kàn diànyǐng shí jīngcháng huì bèi gǎnrén de qíngjié gǎndòng...
探究 (tànjiū) — to investigate; to explore; to probe
探究 (tànjiū) 探究 means to investigate or explore something deeply and systematically, especially to probe into the causes, essence, or truth of a phenomenon or problem, often with intellectual curiosity and rigor. Meanings [verb] to investigate; to explore; to probe; to inquire deeply into (the causes or essence of something) Example Sentences 科学家们正在努力探究宇宙起源的秘密，试图回答人类最古老的问题之一。 Kēxuéjiāmen zhèngzài nǔlì tànjiū yǔzhòu qǐyuán de mìmì, shìtú huídá rénlèi zuì gǔlǎo de wèntí zhī yī....
语言 (yǔyán) — language
语言 (yǔyán) 语言 refers to language as a system of communication, broader than 语法 (yǔfǎ, grammar) and more formal than 话 (huà, speech/words). Meanings [noun] language; tongue; means of communication Example Sentences 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言之一。 Hànyǔ shì shìjiè shàng shǐyòng rénshù zuì duō de yǔyán zhī yī. Chinese is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. 学习一门外语需要时间和耐心。 Xuéxí yī mén wàiyǔ xūyào shíjiān hé nàixīn. Learning a foreign language...
中国 (Zhōngguó) — China
中国 (Zhōngguó) China, the country. 中 means "middle" or "center," and 国 means "country" or "nation." China historically called itself the "Middle Kingdom," the center of civilization. Meanings [proper noun] China. The People's Republic of China, a country in East Asia. Example Sentences 我来自中国。 Wǒ láizì Zhōngguó. I come from China. 中国是一个很大的国家。 Zhōngguó shì yī gè hěn dà de guójiā. China is a very large country. 我想去中国旅游。 Wǒ xiǎng qù...
热闹 (rènao) — lively / bustling
热闹 (rènao) 热闹 means lively, bustling, or full of activity and noise in a cheerful way. It describes a place or event that is busy, noisy, and full of people in a positive, festive sense. 热 means hot or enthusiastic, and 闹 means noisy or to make a commotion. Meanings [adjective] Lively; bustling; full of cheerful noise and activity. [noun] Excitement; lively scene; a bustling spectacle. Example Sentences 春节期间，街上非常热闹。 Chūnjié...
态度 (tàidu) — attitude
态度 (tàidu) 态度 refers to a person's attitude, stance, or manner, including their mental approach, emotional response, or behavioral disposition toward a person, thing, or situation. Meanings [noun] attitude; stance; manner; approach Example Sentences 他对工作的态度非常认真。 Tā duì gōngzuò de tàidu fēicháng rènzhēn. His attitude toward work is very serious. 面对挑战，要保持积极的态度。 Miànduì tiǎozhàn, yào bǎochí jījí de tàidu. When facing challenges, you should maintain a positive attitude. 她对客户的态度总是很礼貌。 Tā duì kèhù...
问题 (wèntí) — problem; question; issue
问题 (wèntí) 问题 covers both a question asked to seek information and a problem or issue that needs to be resolved, making it one of the most frequently used nouns in Chinese. Meanings [noun] Problem; issue; matter that needs resolving. [noun] Question (asked to obtain information or in a test). Example Sentences 这台电脑出了问题，无法正常运行。 Zhè tái diànnǎo chū le wèntí, wúfǎ zhèngcháng yùnxíng. This computer has a problem and cannot run...
洪水 (hóngshuǐ) — Flood, floodwater
洪水 (hóngshuǐ) 洪水 refers to an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially onto dry land -- a natural disaster that can cause widespread damage to communities and ecosystems. Meanings [noun] flood; floodwater; inundation Example Sentences 连日暴雨导致河流决堤，洪水淹没了整个村庄。 Lián rì bàoyǔ dǎozhì héliú juédī, hóngshuǐ yānmòle zhěnggè cūnzhuāng. Continuous heavy rain caused the river to burst its banks, and the flood submerged the entire village. 气候变化使洪水发生的频率和强度都在增加。...
手机 (shǒujī) — smartphone
手机 (shǒujī) A noun meaning mobile phone or smartphone. It literally means "hand machine." In modern Chinese, 手机 is the default word for any personal mobile device. Compare with 电话 (diànhuà), which originally meant telephone but now more often refers to phone calls rather than the device itself. If someone says 打电话, they mean making a call. If they talk about the object in your pocket, they say 手机. Meanings...
公平 (gōngpíng) — fair, equitable
公平 (gōngpíng) 公平 refers to fairness and impartiality in treatment, opportunity, or judgment, where all parties are given equal consideration without bias. Meanings [adjective] fair, equitable, impartial [noun] fairness, equity Example Sentences 社会公平是构建和谐社会的重要基础。 Shèhuì gōngpíng shì gòujiàn héxié shèhuì de zhòngyào jīchǔ. Social equity is an important foundation for building a harmonious society. 比赛结果不公平，裁判明显偏向了一方。 Bǐsài jiéguǒ bù gōngpíng, cáipàn míngxiǎn piān xiàng le yī fāng. The competition result was unfair...
明显 (míngxiǎn) — obvious; evident; clear; marked
明显 (míngxiǎn) 明显 describes something that is easy to notice, clearly visible, or unmistakably apparent. Meanings [adjective] obvious; evident; clear; marked — readily apparent or noticeably distinguishable Example Sentences 他的进步非常明显。 Tā de jìnbù fēicháng míngxiǎn. His progress is very obvious. 这两个方案有明显的区别。 Zhè liǎng gè fāng'àn yǒu míngxiǎn de qūbié. There is a clear difference between these two plans. 她明显不高兴。 Tā míngxiǎn bù gāoxìng. She is obviously unhappy. 质量有了明显的提高。 Zhìliàng yǒu...
赶 (gǎn) — to rush; to catch (transport)
赶 (gǎn) 赶 means to rush to a place or hurry to catch something such as a bus or train before it departs. Meanings [verb] to rush; to hurry; to catch (a bus, train, etc.); to drive away Example Sentences 我要赶火车，得快点儿走。 Wǒ yào gǎn huǒchē, děi kuài diǎnr zǒu. I need to catch the train, so I have to move faster. 她早上起晚了，赶着去上班。 Tā zǎoshang qǐ wǎn le, gǎnzhe qù shàngbān....
海平面 (hǎi píngmiàn) — Sea level
海平面 (hǎi píngmiàn) 海平面 refers to the average surface level of the world's oceans, used as a standard reference for measuring elevations and for discussing the effects of climate change on coastlines and low-lying areas. Meanings [noun] sea level; mean sea level Example Sentences 气候变化导致极地冰盖融化，海平面持续上升。 Qìhòu biànhuà dǎozhì jídì bīnggài rónghùa, hǎi píngmiàn chíxù shàngshēng. Climate change causes polar ice caps to melt, leading to a continuous rise in sea...
记忆 (jìyì) — to memorize; memory
记忆 (jìyì) 记忆 means "memory" as a noun and "to memorize" or "to remember" as a verb, referring to the mental faculty of retaining and recalling information or past experiences. Meanings [noun] memory; recollection; remembrance [verb] to memorize; to commit to memory Example Sentences 那段童年的记忆至今难忘。 Nà duàn tóngnián de jìyì zhìjīn nánwàng. Those childhood memories are still unforgettable to this day. 她的记忆力非常好，什么都记得住。 Tā de jìyìlì fēicháng hǎo, shénme dōu jìde...
生物多样性 (shēngwù duōyàngxìng) — biodiversity
生物多样性 (shēngwù duōyàngxìng) 生物多样性 refers to the richness of different species, genes, and ecosystems in a region, and is a key concept in environmental conservation at the B2 level. Meanings [noun] biodiversity; the variety and variability of living organisms Example Sentences 热带雨林拥有极为丰富的生物多样性。 Rèdài yǔlín yǒngyǒu jíwéi fēngfù de shēngwù duōyàngxìng. Tropical rainforests possess extremely rich biodiversity. 保护生物多样性是应对气候危机的重要措施。 Bǎohù shēngwù duōyàngxìng shì yìngduì qìhòu wēijī de zhòngyào cuòshī. Protecting biodiversity is...
边缘化的 (biānyuánhuà de) — marginalized
边缘化的 (biānyuánhuà de) 边缘化的 describes groups, voices, or issues that have been pushed to the periphery of society, excluded from power, resources, or mainstream discourse. It is widely used in sociology, human rights, and policy discussions. Meanings [adj] marginalized; pushed to the margins; excluded from mainstream society or power structures Example Sentences 边缘化的群体往往难以获得平等的教育和就业机会。 Biānyuánhuà de qúntǐ wǎngwǎng nányǐ huòdé píngděng de jiàoyù hé jiùyè jīhuì. Marginalized groups often have difficulty...
好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) — finally; with great difficulty; took a lot of effort
好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) 好不容易 means "only after great difficulty" or "finally, after a lot of effort." Despite the presence of 不, it is equivalent in meaning to 好容易 — both express that something required tremendous effort. The 好不 is an intensifier pattern (like 好不热闹 = very lively), but idiomatically 好不容易 has become fixed to mean "it was very much not easy." Meanings [adverb] Finally; only after great difficulty; with...
丢 (diū) — to lose; to misplace
丢 (diū) 丢 means to lose something, to misplace it, or to leave something behind unintentionally. Meanings [verb] to lose; to misplace; to leave behind; to drop Example Sentences 我把钱包丢了。 Wǒ bǎ qiánbāo diū le. I lost my wallet. 他在地铁上丢了手机。 Tā zài dìtiě shàng diū le shǒujī. He lost his phone on the subway. 不小心把钥匙丢在家里了。 Bù xiǎoxīn bǎ yàoshi diū zài jiā lǐ le. He accidentally left his keys at...
生病 (shēng bìng) — to get sick, to fall ill
生病 (shēng bìng) A verb-object compound meaning to become sick or to fall ill. 生 means to give rise to, and 病 means illness. Used when someone has become unwell. Meanings [verb] To get sick, to fall ill, to be sick. Example Sentences 他生病了，在家休息。 Tā shēng bìng le, zài jiā xiūxi. He got sick and is resting at home. 天气变化大，容易生病。 Tiānqì biànhuà dà, róngyì shēng bìng. When the weather changes...
不但 (búdàn) — not only
不但 (búdàn) 不但 means "not only" and always introduces the first of two additive clauses. It is nearly always paired with 而且 (érqiě — but also) or 还 (hái — also) in the second clause, forming the "not only X, but also Y" pattern. Meanings [conjunction] Not only (used with 而且 or 还 in the second clause). Example Sentences 他不但聪明，而且很努力。 Tā búdàn cōngming, érqiě hěn nǔlì. He is not only...
主观 (zhǔguān) — subjective; personal
主观 (zhǔguān) 主观 describes something that is based on personal feelings, opinions, or bias rather than objective facts, equivalent to "subjective" in English. Meanings [adjective] subjective, based on personal perspective or feeling rather than objective reality Example Sentences 这只是你主观的看法，不代表事实。 Zhè zhǐ shì nǐ zhǔguān de kànfǎ, bù dàibiǎo shìshí. This is just your subjective view and does not represent the facts. 评价艺术作品往往是主观的。 Píngjià yìshù zuòpǐn wǎngwǎng shì zhǔguān de. Evaluating...
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) — conservative
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) 保守的 describes attitudes, policies, or people that prefer established traditions, resist rapid change, or advocate for cautious approaches. In politics it refers to right-leaning or status-quo-oriented positions; more broadly it means "cautious" or "restrained." Meanings [adj] conservative; resistant to change; cautious; traditional; restrained Example Sentences 保守的政治立场通常强调传统价值观和社会稳定。 Bǎoshǒu de zhèngzhì lìchǎng tōngcháng qiángdiào chuántǒng jiàzhíguān hé shèhuì wěndìng. Conservative political positions typically emphasize traditional values and social stability....
不是 (bú shì) — no; is not; am not; are not
不是 (bú shì) 不是 means "is not," "am not," or simply "no" in response to a question about identity or status. It negates the verb 是 (to be). Meanings [phrase] Is not; am not; are not (negation of 是 in equational sentences). [phrase] No (as a standalone response when the question uses 是). Example Sentences 我不是老师，我是学生。 Wǒ bú shì lǎoshī, wǒ shì xuésheng. I am not a teacher, I am...
主观 (zhǔguān) — subjective
主观 (zhǔguān) 主观 describes judgments, perceptions, or assessments that are based on personal feelings, opinions, or biases rather than objective facts, and is often contrasted with 客观 (objective). Meanings [adjective] subjective; based on personal opinion or feelings rather than external reality [noun] subjectivity; one's subjective perspective Example Sentences 他对这件事的判断太主观了，没有充分考虑到客观事实。 Tā duì zhè jiàn shì de pànduàn tài zhǔguān le, méiyǒu chōngfèn kǎolǜ dào kèguān shìshí. His judgment on this matter...
行李 (xíngli) — luggage
行李 (xíngli) 行李 means luggage or baggage. It refers to the bags and suitcases a traveler brings on a trip. The measure word for a piece of luggage is 件 (jiàn). Meanings [noun] Luggage; baggage; travel bags and suitcases. Example Sentences 请把你的行李放在架子上。 Qǐng bǎ nǐ de xíngli fàng zài jiàzi shang. Please put your luggage on the shelf. 我的行李太重了，超重了。 Wǒ de xíngli tài zhòng le, chāozhòng le. My luggage is...
累 (lèi) — tired
累 (lèi) An adjective describing physical or mental fatigue, the feeling of needing rest after exertion. Meanings [adjective] Tired, fatigued, worn out. [verb] To tire someone out; to make weary. Example Sentences 我走了很长时间，现在很累。 Wǒ zǒule hěn cháng shíjiān, xiànzài hěn lèi. I walked for a long time and I am very tired now. 你累了吗？休息一下吧。 Nǐ lèi le ma? Xiūxi yīxià ba. Are you tired? Get some rest. 工作一天以后，他很累。 Gōngzuò yītiān...
从不 (cóng bù) — never; not ever
从不 (cóng bù) 从不 means "never" in the sense of a consistent habit or character trait — something that has never been done at any time and is simply not part of one's routine or nature. It negates habitual or repeated action, whereas 没有 negates a single completed event. Meanings [adverb] Never; not ever — expresses that something has never happened habitually or as a matter of principle. Pattern Subject...
耳朵 (ěrduo) — ears
耳朵 (ěrduo) 耳朵 means ears. It refers to the organs of hearing on the sides of the head. Note that 朵 is pronounced in the neutral tone (duo) in this compound. Meanings [noun] Ear; ears (the organs of hearing). Example Sentences 他的耳朵很灵，什么声音都能听到。 Tā de ěrduo hěn líng, shénme shēngyīn dōu néng tīngdào. His ears are very sharp; he can hear any sound. 我的耳朵有点儿疼。 Wǒ de ěrduo yǒudiǎnr téng. My ear...
建议 (jiànyì) — to suggest; suggestion; recommendation
建议 (jiànyì) A suggestion or recommendation is a proposal put forward for someone else to consider, offered helpfully without the force of a command. Meanings [verb] to suggest; to recommend; to propose [noun] suggestion; recommendation; proposal; advice Example Sentences 我建议你在提交报告之前再仔细检查一遍。 Wǒ jiànyì nǐ zài tíjiāo bàogào zhīqián zài zǐxì jiǎnchá yībiàn. I suggest you carefully check it once more before submitting the report. 他的建议非常有建设性，值得认真考虑。 Tā de jiànyì fēicháng yǒu jiànshè...
建议 (jiànyì) — to suggest; suggestion; recommendation
建议 (jiànyì) 建议 means to suggest or recommend something. It is commonly used to offer advice, make proposals in meetings, or put forward ideas for consideration. It is polite and constructive in tone, making it suitable for both professional and social contexts. Meanings [verb] To suggest; to recommend; to propose. [noun] Suggestion; recommendation; proposal. Example Sentences 我建议大家在做决定之前先充分讨论。 Wǒ jiànyì dàjiā zài zuò juédìng zhīqián xiān chōngfèn tǎolùn. I suggest everyone...
三 (sān) — three
三 (sān) The number three; like other single-digit numbers, it pairs with a measure word when counting objects (三个, 三本, 三杯). Meanings [number] Three, the digit 3. [adjective] Several, a few (in idiomatic phrases: 三番五次, repeatedly). Example Sentences 我有三个好朋友。 Wǒ yǒu sān gè hǎo péngyou. I have three good friends. 他学中文学了三年了。 Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle sān nián le. He has been studying Chinese for three years. 请等三分钟。 Qǐng děng sān...
法规 (fǎguī) — Regulations, rules and regulations
法规 (fǎguī) 法规 refers to officially issued rules and regulations, typically administrative orders and decrees issued by government bodies, which carry legal force. Meanings [noun] regulations; rules; statutory regulations; ordinances Example Sentences 企业必须严格遵守国家有关环保的法规。 Qǐyè bìxū yángé zūnshǒu guójiā yǒuguān huánbǎo de fǎguī. Enterprises must strictly comply with national environmental regulations. 政府制定了新的法规来规范网络安全行为。 Zhèngfǔ zhìdìngle xīn de fǎguī lái guīfàn wǎngluò ānquán xíngwéi. The government formulated new regulations to standardize cybersecurity practices....
总结 (zǒngjié) — to summarize; summary
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means to summarize or wrap up, used both as a verb (to summarize) and a noun (a summary or conclusion), especially at the end of an activity or period. Meanings [verb] to summarize; to wrap up; to draw conclusions [noun] a summary; a conclusion; a review Example Sentences 老师在课末总结了今天的重点内容。 Lǎoshī zài kè mò zǒngjiéle jīntiān de zhòngdiǎn nèiróng. The teacher summarized the key content of today's lesson...
总结 (zǒngjié) — to summarize; conclusion
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means to review and draw conclusions from a completed process or period of work, and is one of the most commonly used words in Chinese professional, academic, and organizational life. Meanings [verb] to summarize; to review and draw conclusions; to wrap up [noun] a summary; a review; a concluding assessment Example Sentences 每学期结束时，老师都会对学生的表现作出总结。 Měi xuéqī jiéshù shí, lǎoshī dōu huì duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn zuòchū zǒngjié. At...
满足 (mǎnzú) — to satisfy / be satisfied
满足 (mǎnzú) 满足 means to satisfy or to be satisfied. As a verb it means to meet or fulfill a need, demand, or requirement. As an adjective it describes the feeling of contentment. 满 means full, and 足 means foot/sufficient. Together they convey being fully content. Meanings [verb] To satisfy; to fulfill; to meet a need or requirement. [adjective] Satisfied; content; feeling that enough has been provided. Example Sentences 这份工作满足了我对薪水的要求。...
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) — software
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) 软件 is the standard Chinese term for software, covering everything from operating systems to mobile apps. It contrasts directly with 硬件 (hardware) and is used in both technical and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] software; computer programs, applications, and operating systems Example Sentences 这款软件使用起来非常简单。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn shǐyòng qǐlái fēicháng jiǎndān. This software is very easy to use. 公司开发了一款新的管理软件。 Gōngsī kāifā le yī kuǎn xīn de guǎnlǐ ruǎnjiàn. The...
全面 (quánmiàn) — comprehensive; all-around; thorough
全面 (quánmiàn) 全面 means comprehensive or all-around, indicating that something covers every aspect of a subject or situation without omission. It is used to describe analyses, plans, reforms, understanding, and abilities that are thorough and complete. Meanings [adjective] Comprehensive; all-around; thorough; all-encompassing. Example Sentences 这份报告对市场现状进行了全面而深入的分析。 Zhè fèn bàogào duì shìchǎng xiànzhuàng jìnxíng le quánmiàn ér shēnrù de fēnxī. This report conducted a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current market...
太 (tài) — too; excessively
太 (tài) 太 is an adverb meaning "too" or "excessively." It expresses that a quality exceeds an acceptable or desired level, and in everyday speech it also functions as a strong intensifier expressing delight. Meanings [adverb] Too; excessively (beyond an acceptable limit). [adverb] Extremely; so very (in exclamatory sentences expressing strong feeling). Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu tài guì le. This piece of clothing is too expensive. 今天太热了！ Jīntiān...
哭 (kū) — to cry
哭 (kū) 哭 means to cry or weep, expressing sadness, pain, or strong emotion through tears and often sound. Meanings [verb] to cry; to weep; to shed tears from emotion or pain Example Sentences 她看完那部电影就哭了。 Tā kàn wán nà bù diànyǐng jiù kū le. She cried after finishing that movie. 小孩子摔倒了，开始大声哭。 Xiǎo háizi shuāi dǎo le, kāishǐ dàshēng kū. The little child fell down and started crying loudly. 别哭了，一切都会好的。 Bié...
老板 (lǎobǎn) — boss / owner
老板 (lǎobǎn) 老板 refers to a boss, business owner, or employer, and is used both in formal workplace settings and casual conversation. Meanings [noun] boss; owner; employer; proprietor Example Sentences 我的老板对员工非常严格。 Wǒ de lǎobǎn duì yuángōng fēicháng yángé. My boss is very strict with the employees. 他决定自己创业，做自己的老板。 Tā juédìng zìjǐ chuàngyè, zuò zìjǐ de lǎobǎn. He decided to start his own business and be his own boss. 老板今天开会迟到了。 Lǎobǎn jīntiān...
友好 (yǒuhǎo) — Friendly
友好 (yǒuhǎo) 友好 describes a warm, amicable relationship between people, groups, or countries. Meanings [adjective] friendly; amicable; cordial Example Sentences 她对每个人都非常友好。 Tā duì měi gè rén dōu fēicháng yǒuhǎo. She is very friendly to everyone. 两国之间建立了友好的外交关系。 Liǎng guó zhījiān jiànlìle yǒuhǎo de wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries established friendly diplomatic relations. 他用友好的语气跟我说话，让我感到很舒服。 Tā yòng yǒuhǎo de yǔqì gēn wǒ shuōhuà, ràng wǒ gǎndào hěn shūfu. He spoke to me in...
全面 (quánmiàn) — comprehensive, all-round
全面 (quánmiàn) 全面 describes something that covers all aspects or dimensions of a subject without omission, indicating thoroughness and comprehensiveness. Meanings [adjective] comprehensive, all-round, thorough [adverb] comprehensively, in all respects Example Sentences 我们需要对这个问题进行全面深入的分析。 Wǒmen xūyào duì zhège wèntí jìnxíng quánmiàn shēnrù de fēnxī. We need to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of this issue. 这份报告全面反映了当前经济形势。 Zhè fèn bàogào quánmiàn fǎnyìng le dāngqián jīngjì xíngshì. This report comprehensively reflects the...
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) — software
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) 软件 is the standard Chinese term for software, encompassing all computer programs, applications, and digital systems, and is essential vocabulary for technology, business, and everyday digital life. Meanings [noun] software; computer program; application Example Sentences 这款软件可以帮助用户管理日常工作任务。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn kěyǐ bāngzhù yònghù guǎnlǐ rìcháng gōngzuò rènwù. This software can help users manage daily work tasks. 公司正在开发一套全新的财务管理软件。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāifā yī tào quánxīn de cáiwù guǎnlǐ ruǎnjiàn. The company...
论坛 (lùntán) — forum
论坛 (lùntán) 论坛 refers to any organized platform for discussion and debate, from high-level international conferences to internet message boards, making it one of the most versatile nouns in modern Chinese. Meanings [noun] forum; symposium (physical gathering for discussion) [noun] online forum; discussion board (internet context) Example Sentences 世界经济论坛每年在达沃斯举行。 Shìjiè jīngjì lùntán měi nián zài Dáwòsī jǔxíng. The World Economic Forum is held annually in Davos. 他在国际学术论坛上发表了重要演讲。 Tā zài guójì...
分别 (fēnbié) — separately / respectively / to part
分别 (fēnbié) As an adverb: separately or respectively (each in their own way). As a verb: to part from someone, to say goodbye. Meanings [adverb] Separately, respectively, individually. [verb] To part (from someone), to separate, to say goodbye. Example Sentences 这两道题，请分别回答。 Zhè liǎng dào tí, qǐng fēnbié huídá. Please answer these two questions separately. 他们在机场分别了，都流了眼泪。 Tāmen zài jīchǎng fēnbié le, dōu liú le yǎnlèi. They parted at the airport and...
条件 (tiáojiàn) — condition / requirement
条件 (tiáojiàn) 条件 means condition, requirement, or terms. It refers to the circumstances or prerequisites necessary for something to happen, or the terms of an agreement. It can also refer to one's personal circumstances or qualifications. A common phrase is 生活条件 (living conditions), which describes the quality of someone's daily life. Another is 条件好 (good conditions/circumstances), often used to describe a person with a good background or favorable situation. Meanings...
文章 (wénzhāng) — article; essay
文章 (wénzhāng) 文章 refers to a piece of written work, such as a newspaper article, essay, or composition. Meanings [noun] article; essay; composition; written piece Example Sentences 他写了一篇关于环境保护的文章。 Tā xiě le yī piān guānyú huánjìng bǎohù de wénzhāng. He wrote an article about environmental protection. 这篇文章写得很好，逻辑清晰。 Zhè piān wénzhāng xiě de hěn hǎo, luójí qīngxī. This article is very well written and logically clear. 老师要求我们每周写一篇文章。 Lǎoshī yāoqiú wǒmen měi zhōu...
硬件 (yìngjiàn) — hardware
硬件 (yìngjiàn) 硬件 refers to the physical components of a computer system or electronic device, as opposed to software, and is also used figuratively to describe physical infrastructure or tangible resources. Meanings [noun] hardware (computer/electronic components) [noun] physical infrastructure; tangible equipment (figurative) Example Sentences 这台电脑的硬件配置已经无法满足现代游戏的要求。 Zhè tái diànnǎo de yìngjiàn pèizhì yǐjīng wúfǎ mǎnzú xiàndài yóuxì de yāoqiú. The hardware configuration of this computer can no longer meet the requirements...
结果 (jiéguǒ) — result
结果 (jiéguǒ) 结果 refers to the final result or outcome of an action or process. It can also function as a conjunction meaning "as a result" to link cause and outcome in narrative. Meanings [noun] Result; outcome; conclusion. [conjunction] As a result; consequently; in the end. Example Sentences 考试结果出来了吗？ Kǎoshì jiéguǒ chūlái le ma? Have the exam results come out? 他努力学习，结果考了满分。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, jiéguǒ kǎo le mǎnfēn. He studied...
飞机 (fēijī) — airplane
飞机 (fēijī) An airplane or aircraft. 飞 means "to fly" and 机 means "machine," making 飞机 literally a "flying machine." Meanings [noun] Airplane, aircraft. A powered fixed-wing aircraft used for air travel. Example Sentences 我明天坐飞机去北京。 Wǒ míngtiān zuò fēijī qù Běijīng. I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 飞机几点起飞？ Fēijī jǐ diǎn qǐfēi? What time does the airplane take off? 坐飞机比坐火车快。 Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài. Taking the airplane is...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) 钱 means money. It is the everyday word for money in Mandarin, used for prices, payment, and wealth. The official currency unit 元 (yuán) is used in formal contexts, but 钱 covers money in general. Meanings [noun] Money, currency. Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I have no money left. 他花了很多钱买书。 Tā huā le hěn duō qián mǎi...
盐 (yán) — salt
盐 (yán) 盐 means salt. It refers to the common mineral used in cooking and food seasoning, as well as in broader chemical contexts meaning salts. Meanings [noun] Salt; table salt; sodium chloride. Example Sentences 这道菜放的盐太多了。 Zhè dào cài fàng de yán tài duō le. This dish has too much salt in it. 做汤的时候要加一点儿盐。 Zuò tāng de shíhou yào jiā yīdiǎnr yán. When making soup you need to add a...
硬件 (yìngjiàn) — hardware
硬件 (yìngjiàn) 硬件 refers to the physical components of a computer or electronic system, such as the processor, memory, and screen. It is the counterpart of 软件 (software) and is used in both technical and general conversation. Meanings [noun] hardware; the physical parts and components of a computer or device Example Sentences 这台电脑的硬件配置很高。 Zhè tái diànnǎo de yìngjiàn pèizhì hěn gāo. This computer has high hardware specifications. 硬件损坏了，需要维修。 Yìngjiàn sǔnhuài...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; the web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the standard Chinese term for the internet, emphasizing its nature as an interconnected global network. Meanings [noun] internet; the web — the worldwide network connecting computers and people across the globe Example Sentences 我每天都用互联网工作。 Wǒ měi tiān dōu yòng hùliánwǎng gōngzuò. I use the internet every day for work. 互联网改变了我们的生活。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó. The internet has changed our lives. 没有互联网，我什么都做不了。 Méiyǒu hùliánwǎng, wǒ...
倡议 (chàngyì) — to propose, to initiate; proposal
倡议 (chàngyì) 倡议 means to propose or initiate something — to be the first to suggest or call for a collective action, especially in a public, formal, or international context. As a noun, it refers to the proposal or initiative itself. It is particularly associated with diplomatic initiatives, international cooperation, and social movements. Meanings [v] to propose; to initiate; to call for (a collective action or new approach) [n] a...
逻辑 (luójí) — logic; logical reasoning
逻辑 (luójí) 逻辑 refers to logical reasoning, the science of valid argument, or the internal consistency and rational structure of any set of ideas, and is widely used in academic, philosophical, and everyday intellectual discourse. Meanings [noun] logic; logical reasoning [noun] the internal logic; the rationale (of a situation or argument) Example Sentences 他的论文论证严密，逻辑清晰，令评审委员会印象深刻。 Tā de lùnwén lùnzhèng yánmì, luójí qīngxī, lìng píngshěn wěiyuánhuì yìnxiàng shēnkè. His thesis was rigorously...
形成 (xíngchéng) — to form; to take shape
形成 (xíngchéng) 形成 means to come into being or take shape gradually, often through a natural or long-term process, and is one of the most commonly used formal verbs in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to form; to take shape; to come into being [verb] to develop into; to result in (a pattern, habit, or situation) Example Sentences 经过长期的历史发展，这一地区形成了独特的文化传统。 Jīngguò chángqī de lìshǐ fāzhǎn, zhè yī dìqū xíngchéngle dútè de wénhuà chuántǒng....
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) — tense; nervous; tight; in short supply
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) 紧张 covers both the internal feeling of nervousness or anxiety and the external state of tension, tightness, or scarcity. Meanings [adjective] Nervous; anxious (about a person's mental state). [adjective] Tense; strained (about a situation or relationship). [adjective] In short supply; tight (about resources or time). Example Sentences 考试前我总是很紧张。 Kǎoshì qián wǒ zǒng shì hěn jǐnzhāng. I am always very nervous before exams. 两国之间的关系十分紧张。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de guānxi...
形成 (xíngchéng) — to form; to develop; to take shape
形成 (xíngchéng) 形成 means to form, develop, or take shape, describing the process by which something new comes into existence or a pattern becomes established over time. Meanings [verb] to form; to develop; to take shape; to come into being Example Sentences 这条河是由冰川融水形成的。 Zhè tiáo hé shì yóu bīngchuān róng shuǐ xíngchéng de. This river was formed by glacial meltwater. 他渐渐形成了自己独特的写作风格。 Tā jiànjiàn xíngchéngle zìjǐ dútè de xiězuò fēnggé. He...
拒绝 (jùjué) — to refuse / reject
拒绝 (jùjué) 拒绝 means to refuse, reject, or decline. It expresses a firm unwillingness to accept or do something. It is more direct and stronger than 不要 (do not want), often used for formal refusals or deliberate rejection. Its natural antonym is 接受 (to accept). Together, 接受 and 拒绝 cover the two fundamental responses to any offer, request, or proposal. Meanings [verb] To refuse; to reject; to decline a request,...
当时 (dāngshí) — at that time; then; at the time
当时 (dāngshí) 当时 refers to a specific moment in the past that has already been mentioned or is understood from context, meaning "at that time" or "back then." Meanings [adverb] At that time; then; at the time (refers to a past moment in context). [noun] That time; that moment (used as a time noun). Example Sentences 我当时不知道他已经离开了。 Wǒ dāngshí bù zhīdào tā yǐjīng líkāi le. At that time, I did...
态度 (tàidu) — attitude
态度 (tàidu) 态度 refers to attitude — the way someone approaches, behaves toward, or feels about a person, task, or situation. It includes both emotional stance and behavioral manner. Meanings [noun] Attitude; manner; approach; stance. Example Sentences 他学习的态度非常认真。 Tā xuéxí de tàidu fēicháng rènzhēn. His attitude toward studying is very serious. 服务员的态度很好，我很满意。 Fúwùyuán de tàidu hěn hǎo, wǒ hěn mǎnyì. The waiter's manner is very good; I am very satisfied....
审核 (shěnhé) — to review; to audit; to verify
审核 (shěnhé) To review or audit something means to carefully examine it against standards or criteria to verify its accuracy, completeness, or compliance. Meanings [verb] to review; to audit; to verify; to scrutinize; to approve after examination Example Sentences 所有申请材料都需要经过严格的审核。 Suǒyǒu shēnqǐng cáiliào dōu xūyào jīngguò yángé de shěnhé. All application materials need to go through strict review. 财务部门每季度对账目进行一次审核。 Cáiwù bùmén měi jìdù duì zhàngmù jìnxíng yīcì shěnhé. The finance...
问题 (wèntí) — question / problem
问题 (wèntí) 问题 is one of the most versatile and frequent nouns in Chinese. It covers both a question (something you ask) and a problem (something that needs fixing). Context makes the meaning clear. 没问题 (no problem) is an extremely common expression of agreement or reassurance. Meanings [noun] Question; something asked in order to find an answer. [noun] Problem; issue; something that has gone wrong or needs solving. Example Sentences...
体育馆 (tǐyùguǎn) — gymnasium / sports hall
体育馆 (tǐyùguǎn) An indoor sports facility or gymnasium used for exercise, competitions, or recreational physical activities. Meanings [noun] Gymnasium, sports hall, indoor arena. [noun] Stadium (large indoor venue for sports events). Example Sentences 我每天放学后去体育馆锻炼。 Wǒ měitiān fàngxué hòu qù tǐyùguǎn duànliàn. I go to the gymnasium to exercise every day after school. 学校的体育馆可以打篮球和羽毛球。 Xuéxiào de tǐyùguǎn kěyǐ dǎ lánqiú hé yǔmáoqiú. The school gymnasium can be used to play basketball...
快乐 (kuàilè) — happy, joyful
快乐 (kuàilè) 快乐 means happy or joyful. It describes a genuine inner feeling of happiness. It is commonly used in greetings and well wishes, such as 生日快乐 (Happy Birthday) and 新年快乐 (Happy New Year). Meanings [adjective] Happy, joyful. Example Sentences 生日快乐！ Shēngrì kuàilè! Happy birthday! 他每天都很快乐。 Tā měitiān dōu hěn kuàilè. He is happy every day. 孩子们玩得很快乐。 Háizimen wán de hěn kuàilè. The children are playing happily. 我希望你永远快乐。 Wǒ xīwàng...
主人 (zhǔrén) — host / owner / master
主人 (zhǔrén) Refers to the host of a gathering, the owner of a property, or a master in a relationship of authority. Meanings [noun] Host (of a party, household, or event). [noun] Owner, master (of a property or animal). Example Sentences 主人热情地欢迎了客人。 Zhǔrén rèqíng de huānyíng le kèrén. The host warmly welcomed the guests. 这只狗的主人是我的邻居。 Zhè zhī gǒu de zhǔrén shì wǒ de línjū. The owner of this dog is...
比如 (bǐrú) — for example
比如 (bǐrú) 比如 is used to introduce an example or illustration of a general statement. Meanings [conjunction] for example; for instance; such as Example Sentences 很多水果对身体好，比如苹果和橙子。 Hěn duō shuǐguǒ duì shēntǐ hǎo, bǐrú píngguǒ hé chéngzi. Many fruits are good for your health, for example apples and oranges. 你可以用多种方式学习，比如看书或者看视频。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng duō zhǒng fāngshì xuéxí, bǐrú kànshū huòzhě kàn shìpín. You can learn in many ways, for example by...
构建 (gòujiàn) — to construct, to build
构建 (gòujiàn) 构建 means to construct or build, particularly in a deliberate, planned, and often abstract sense. It is used for building systems, frameworks, theories, institutions, and relationships — not primarily for physical construction. The word implies intentional design and systematic building, making it common in policy discourse, academic writing, and development planning. Meanings [v] to construct; to build; to establish (a system, framework, or structure) [v] to create; to...
明显 (míngxiǎn) — obvious; evident; marked
明显 (míngxiǎn) 明显 describes something that is clear, obvious, or easy to perceive. It is used to highlight that a fact, difference, improvement, or problem is apparent and not difficult to notice. It often indicates a significant degree of change or contrast. Meanings [adjective] Obvious; evident; marked; noticeable; apparent. Example Sentences 经过一个学期的努力，她的成绩有了明显的提高。 Jīngguò yī gè xuéqī de nǔlì, tā de chéngjì yǒu le míngxiǎn de tígāo. After one semester of...
叫 (jiào) — to be called; to call out; to ask
叫 (jiào) 叫 is most commonly used to introduce a name: 我叫... (My name is...). It also means to call out or shout, and to tell or ask someone to do something. Meanings [verb] To be called, to have the name of (我叫 wǒ jiào = my name is). [verb] To call out, to shout, to cry out. [verb] To ask or tell (someone to do something). Example Sentences 我叫李明，你叫什么名字？...
慢 (màn) — slow
慢 (màn) An adjective and adverb meaning "slow" or "slowly." It describes low speed or unhurried movement. Its antonym is 快 (kuài), meaning "fast." Meanings [adjective] Slow, not fast. [adverb] Slowly (describing the manner of an action). Example Sentences 他说话很慢，我能听懂。 Tā shuōhuà hěn màn, wǒ néng tīngdǒng. He speaks very slowly, I can understand him. 请开慢一点，路很滑。 Qǐng kāi màn yīdiǎn, lù hěn huá. Please drive a little slower, the road...
相关 (xiāngguān) — related; relevant; associated
相关 (xiāngguān) 相关 means related to or connected with a particular subject, person, or issue. It is widely used in formal and academic writing to indicate that something is pertinent or relevant, and also in everyday speech to mean "related." Meanings [adjective] Related; relevant; associated; correlated; pertaining to. Example Sentences 请提供与申请职位相关的工作经历和证书。 Qǐng tígōng yǔ shēnqǐng zhíwèi xiāngguān de gōngzuò jīnglì hé zhèngshū. Please provide work experience and certificates relevant to...
其实 (qíshí) — actually; in fact; as a matter of fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 means "actually" or "in fact." It introduces the real truth of a situation, often gently correcting a mistaken belief, assumption, or appearance. The speaker signals: what you think is not quite right — here is what is truly the case. Meanings [adverb] Actually; in fact; as a matter of fact; in reality — reveals a truth that contrasts with appearance or assumption. Example Sentences 他看起来很严肃，其实很幽默。 Tā kàn...
出现 (chūxiàn) — to appear / to emerge / to occur
出现 (chūxiàn) To come into existence or view; used when something appears, emerges, or occurs where it was not before. Meanings [verb] To appear, to come into view, to show up. [verb] To occur, to arise, to emerge (of a problem or situation). Example Sentences 天空中出现了一道彩虹。 Tiānkōng zhōng chūxiàn le yī dào cǎihóng. A rainbow appeared in the sky. 最近出现了一种新病毒。 Zuìjìn chūxiàn le yī zhǒng xīn bìngdú. A new virus...
公共汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē) — bus
公共汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē) A public bus, the most common form of urban public transportation. 公共 means "public," and 汽车 means "motor vehicle," so the full meaning is "public motor vehicle." Meanings [noun] Bus. A large motor vehicle carrying passengers along a fixed route. Example Sentences 我坐公共汽车去学校。 Wǒ zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù xuéxiào. I take the bus to school. 公共汽车来了。 Gōnggòng qìchē lái le. The bus has arrived. 公共汽车站在哪里？ Gōnggòng qìchē...
跳 (tiào) — to jump; to leap
跳 (tiào) 跳 describes the action of jumping or leaping, and extends to dancing and skipping. Meanings [verb] to jump; to leap; to spring [verb] to dance (as in 跳舞) Example Sentences 那只猫跳上了桌子。 Nà zhī māo tiào shàng le zhuōzi. That cat jumped onto the table. 孩子们在草地上跳来跳去。 Háizimen zài cǎodì shàng tiào lái tiào qù. The children were jumping around on the grass. 她每天早上都跳绳锻炼。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu tiào shéng...
要求 (yāoqiú) — to require / requirement
要求 (yāoqiú) 要求 works as both a verb meaning to require or demand and a noun meaning a requirement or demand. It implies a specific expectation or condition that must be met. Meanings [verb] To require; to demand; to request; to ask (with expectation of compliance). [noun] Requirement; demand; request; condition. Example Sentences 老师要求我们每天写日记。 Lǎoshī yāoqiú wǒmen měitiān xiě rìjì. The teacher requires us to write a diary every day....
容易 (róngyì) — easy
容易 (róngyì) An adjective meaning easy or simple to do. It is the direct antonym of 难 (nán), which means difficult. 容易 can also mean "likely to happen" or "prone to" in some contexts. Meanings [adjective] Easy, simple, not difficult. [adjective] Likely, prone to (as in something that tends to happen). Example Sentences 这道题很容易，我一分钟就做完了。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì, wǒ yī fēnzhōng jiù zuò wán le. This problem is very...
出口 (chūkǒu) — export; exit
出口 (chūkǒu) 出口 has two main meanings: the export of goods from a country to foreign markets, and a physical exit or way out of a building, road, or enclosed space. Meanings [noun/verb] export; to export (goods to other countries) [noun] exit, way out (a physical opening through which one leaves) Example Sentences 中国是全球最大的商品出口国之一。 Zhōngguó shì quánqiú zuìdà de shāngpǐn chūkǒu guó zhī yī. China is one of the world's...
我们 (wǒmen) — we, us
我们 (wǒmen) The first-person plural pronoun formed by adding 们 (men, a pluralizing suffix) to 我; it covers "we" as subject and "us" as object. Meanings [pronoun] We (subject). [pronoun] Us (object). [pronoun] Our (before 的: 我们的). Example Sentences 我们都是学生。 Wǒmen dōu shì xuésheng. We are all students. 老师喜欢我们。 Lǎoshī xǐhuan wǒmen. The teacher likes us. 我们的学校很大。 Wǒmen de xuéxiào hěn dà. Our school is very big. 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ...
城市 (chéngshì) — city; urban area
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 refers to a city or urban area as opposed to the countryside or rural regions. Meanings [noun] City; urban area; town. Example Sentences 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 Shànghǎi shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 越来越多的人搬到城市生活。 Yuè lái yuè duō de rén bāndào chéngshì shēnghuó. More and more people are moving to cities to live. 这座城市的交通非常方便。 Zhè zuò chéngshì de...
形象 (xíngxiàng) — image; figure; vivid
形象 (xíngxiàng) An image is the impression that a person, organization, or country projects to others, shaped by appearance, behavior, and reputation. It can also describe a vivid or concrete representation. Meanings [noun] image; public image; figure; persona; visual/mental representation [adjective] vivid; graphic; concrete; lifelike (in describing language or depictions) Example Sentences 这次危机严重损害了公司的公众形象。 Zhè cì wéijī yánzhòng sǔnhàile gōngsī de gōngzhòng xíngxiàng. This crisis seriously damaged the company's public image....
跑 (pǎo) — to run
跑 (pǎo) A verb meaning "to run." It describes moving quickly on foot and is used for running for exercise, in a race, or to escape. The character uses the 足 (foot) radical on the left, making the meaning easy to remember. Meanings [verb] To run, to jog, to sprint. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshàng pǎobù. I go running every morning. 他跑得很快。 Tā pǎo de hěn kuài. He runs...
风险 (fēngxiǎn) — risk
风险 (fēngxiǎn) 风险 refers to risk or the possibility of something going wrong, particularly in business, health, or decision-making. Meanings [noun] risk; danger; hazard; potential loss Example Sentences 投资有风险，决策需谨慎。 Tóuzī yǒu fēngxiǎn, juécè xū jǐnshèn. Investment involves risks; decisions must be made carefully. 医生提醒病人手术存在一定的风险。 Yīshēng tíxǐng bìngrén shǒushù cúnzài yīdìng de fēngxiǎn. The doctor reminded the patient that surgery carries certain risks. 创业者要学会承担风险。 Chuàngyèzhě yào xuéhuì chéngdān fēngxiǎn. Entrepreneurs need...
知道 (zhīdào) — to know (a fact)
知道 (zhīdào) 知道 means to know a fact, a piece of information, or a situation. It is used for knowing that something is true or knowing about something. Compare with 认识 (rènshi): 认识 is for knowing people or being familiar with something through experience, while 知道 is for knowing facts and information. Meanings [verb] To know (a fact, information, a situation). Example Sentences 你知道他住在哪里吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā zhù zài nǎlǐ...
条 (tiáo) — measure word for long, flexible things
条 (tiáo) A measure word used for long, narrow, or flexible objects and for certain categories of things like trousers, fish, rivers, and roads. 条 captures the idea of something elongated or strip-like. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for long, narrow, or flexible objects. [noun] Strip, piece, item. Used in compound words like 面条 (noodles). What 条 counts 条 is used with: 鱼 (yú): fish — 一条鱼 (one fish) 裤子 (kùzi):...
关键 (guānjiàn) — key, crucial
关键 (guānjiàn) 关键 refers to the key, decisive, or most critical element in a situation or problem, the factor whose presence or absence determines the outcome. Meanings [noun] key, crucial element, decisive factor [adjective] key, critical, decisive (as in 关键时刻, critical moment) Example Sentences 解决这一问题的关键在于找到各方利益的平衡点。 Jiějué zhè yī wèntí de guānjiàn zàiyú zhǎodào gè fāng lìyì de pínghéng diǎn. The key to solving this problem lies in finding the balance...
健康 (jiànkāng) — healthy; health
健康 (jiànkāng) 健康 functions both as an adjective (healthy) and a noun (health). As an adjective it modifies people and lifestyles: 你身体很健康 (you are in good health). As a noun it follows 为了 (for the sake of) or 注意 (pay attention to): 注意健康 (take care of your health). Meanings [adj] Healthy; in good health — physically or mentally well. [n] Health — one's state of physical or mental well-being. Example...
格外 (géwài) — especially; particularly; unusually
格外 (géwài) 格外 is an adverb meaning "especially," "particularly," or "unusually," used when something stands out as noticeably beyond the ordinary or expected level. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; unusually (indicates a quality is markedly beyond what is normal or expected in the current context) Usage Note 格外 is placed before an adjective or verb and implies a comparison with a baseline. It emphasizes that in this particular situation, the quality...
买到 (mǎi dào) — to manage to buy; to successfully purchase
买到 (mǎi dào) 买到 is a verb + result complement. 买 means "to buy" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — you obtained what you were trying to buy. It highlights the successful outcome of the purchasing attempt. The negative 买不到 means "can't get / impossible to find/buy," while 没买到 means "tried but failed to buy." Meanings [v+comp] Manage to buy; successfully obtain...
部门 (bùmén) — department; section; division
部门 (bùmén) 部门 refers to a distinct unit or division within an organization, government, or company. Meanings [noun] Department; section; division; unit (within an organization). Example Sentences 你在哪个部门工作？ Nǐ zài nǎge bùmén gōngzuò? Which department do you work in? 这件事需要各个部门合作完成。 Zhè jiàn shì xūyào gège bùmén hézuò wánchéng. This matter requires cooperation from every department to complete. 销售部门本季度超额完成了任务。 Xiāoshòu bùmén běn jìdù chāo'é wánchéngle rènwù. The sales department exceeded its...
深 (shēn) — deep / dark
深 (shēn) 深 means deep. It has both a physical sense (a deep lake or well) and an abstract sense (a profound idea or deep feeling). It also describes dark shades of color, such as 深色 (dark color) and 深蓝 (dark blue). Its opposite is 浅 (shallow or light-colored). Meanings [adjective] Deep; extending far down or inward (physical measurement). [adjective] Profound; strong; intense (abstract meaning). [adjective] Dark (color shade). Example...
床 (chuáng) — bed
床 (chuáng) A noun meaning bed. It is a single-character word with no suffix, one of the few basic furniture words that does not take 子. The measure word for beds is 张 (zhāng), the same used for tables. Meanings [noun] Bed, sleeping surface. Example Sentences 我的床很舒服。 Wǒ de chuáng hěn shūfu. My bed is very comfortable. 他累了，去床上躺一躺。 Tā lèi le, qù chuáng shàng tǎng yi tǎng. He was tired...
安全 (ānquán) — safe; safety; security
安全 (ānquán) Safety or security refers to the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury, and is a fundamental concern in both personal and public life. Meanings [adjective] safe; secure; free from danger [noun] safety; security Example Sentences 这个地区的治安状况良好，居民感到很安全。 Zhège dìqū de zhì'ān zhuàngkuàng liánghǎo, jūmín gǎndào hěn ānquán. The public order in this area is good, and residents feel very safe. 网络安全已经成为国家战略的重要组成部分。 Wǎngluò...
打折 (dǎzhé) — to give a discount
打折 (dǎzhé) 打折 means to give a discount or sell at a reduced price. 折 refers to a fraction of the original price, so 八折 means 80% of the price, which is a 20% discount. It is commonly used in shopping contexts. Meanings [verb] To give a discount; to sell at a reduced price. [verb] To fall short of a standard (figurative, less common). Example Sentences 这家店今天所有商品打八折。 Zhè jiā diàn...
此外 (cǐwài) — besides; in addition; furthermore
此外 (cǐwài) 此外 means "besides this" or "in addition to this." It links two sentences by signaling that a new, supplementary point is being added. It typically opens a new sentence or clause rather than connecting two parts within one clause. Meanings [conjunction] Besides; in addition; furthermore; apart from this — used to add a point that supplements what was just said. Example Sentences 我会说中文，此外，我还会说日语。 Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén, cǐwài,...
上升 (shàngshēng) — to rise, to increase, to ascend
上升 (shàngshēng) 上升 describes an upward movement or increase in quantity, level, or degree, functioning as the counterpart to 下降 and commonly used in statistical, scientific, and social discourse. Meanings [verb] to rise, to increase, to ascend, to go up (in level, quantity, or degree) [noun] rise, increase, ascent (in compound or nominal use) Example Sentences 近年来，全球平均气温持续上升，引发各国担忧。 Jìn nián lái, quánqiú píngjūn qìwēn chíxù shàngshēng, yǐnfā gè guó dānyōu. In...
利率 (lìlǜ) — interest rate
利率 (lìlǜ) 利率 is the percentage rate at which interest is charged on a loan or paid on a deposit over a specified period, serving as a key lever of monetary policy. Meanings [noun] interest rate (the percentage rate of interest on loans or deposits) Example Sentences 美联储宣布上调基准利率以应对通货膨胀。 Měi lián chú xuānbù shàng diào jīzhǔn lìlǜ yǐ yìngduì tōnghuò péngzhàng. The Federal Reserve announced an increase in the benchmark interest...
往 (wǎng) — toward / in the direction of
往 (wǎng) 往 is a preposition meaning toward or in the direction of. It indicates the direction in which movement or action proceeds. It often precedes directional words like 前 (forward), 后 (backward), 左 (left), 右 (right), and 上 (up). Compare with 向 (xiàng), which is very similar but slightly more formal. Meanings [preposition] Toward; in the direction of; going to. Example Sentences 往前走一百米就到了。 Wǎng qián zǒu yībǎi mǐ jiù...
上升 (shàngshēng) — to rise; to go up; to ascend
上升 (shàngshēng) 上升 describes movement upward in a physical, numerical, or abstract sense, commonly used when talking about prices, temperatures, or rankings rising. Meanings [verb] to rise, go up, or ascend in position, level, or quantity Example Sentences 气温上升了五度。 Qìwēn shàngshēng le wǔ dù. The temperature rose by five degrees. 公司的销售额每年都在上升。 Gōngsī de xiāoshòu'é měi nián dōu zài shàngshēng. The company's sales increase every year. 他的成绩不断上升。 Tā de chéngjì búduàn...
听到 (tīng dào) — to hear; to catch (a sound)
听到 (tīng dào) 听到 is a verb + result complement. 听 means "to listen" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — the sound actually arrived and was registered. This is different from 听 alone (which just means the act of listening, without guaranteeing the sound was received). The negative is 没听到 (didn't hear) or 听不到 (can't hear). Meanings [v+comp] Hear; catch a sound...
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) — run back
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) 跑回去 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 跑 (to run) is the base verb; 回去 (go back, away from the speaker) is the directional complement indicating a return movement directed away from the current location. Compare 跑回来 (run back here, toward the speaker). Structure 跑 (run) + 回去 (directional complement: go back away from speaker) = run back (away). Other base verbs with 回去: 走回去...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law; rule; pattern; regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a consistent natural law, pattern, or regularity that governs the way things happen. Meanings [noun] Law; rule; regularity; pattern (of nature or behavior). Example Sentences 科学家努力发现自然界的规律。 Kēxuéjiā nǔlì fāxiàn zìránjiè de guīlǜ. Scientists work hard to discover the laws of nature. 生活要有规律，按时吃饭和睡觉。 Shēnghuó yào yǒu guīlǜ, ànshí chīfàn hé shuìjiào. Life should follow a regular pattern, eating and sleeping on time. 找到学习的规律可以让你事半功倍。 Zhǎodào xuéxí de...
判断 (pànduàn) — to judge / to determine / judgment
判断 (pànduàn) To assess a situation and arrive at a conclusion; also used as a noun for the act or result of judging. Meanings [verb] To judge, to determine, to assess. [noun] Judgment, assessment, conclusion. Example Sentences 你怎么判断他说的是真的？ Nǐ zěnme pànduàn tā shuō de shì zhēn de? How do you determine that what he said is true? 根据天气情况，我判断明天会下雨。 Gēnjù tiānqì qíngkuàng, wǒ pànduàn míngtiān huì xià yǔ. Based on the...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, pattern, regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular, predictable pattern or natural law that governs phenomena, implying an inherent order or recurring regularity that can be observed and understood. Meanings [noun] law, regularity, pattern (natural or social) [noun] regular rhythm, routine (of life or events) Example Sentences 科学研究的目的就是发现和掌握自然界的规律。 Kēxué yánjiū de mùdì jiùshì fāxiàn hé zhǎngwò zìrán jiè de guīlǜ. The purpose of scientific research is to discover and master the...
外 (wài) — outside, beyond, other
外 (wài) A locative word meaning outside or beyond. Used to indicate physical location (outside a room, building) or figurative scope (beyond that, in addition to). The opposite is 内 (nèi, inside/interior). Meanings [noun/locative] Outside, exterior. [noun] Other, beyond, in addition to. Example Sentences 外面很冷，多穿点衣服。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, duō chuān diǎn yīfu. It is very cold outside. Wear more clothes. 请在门外等一下。 Qǐng zài mén wài děng yīxià. Please wait outside...
地方 (dìfāng) — place; area; part
地方 (dìfāng) 地方 is a general word for place or location. It can refer to a physical location, a region, or an abstract "part" of something (as in "there are some parts I don't understand"). It is more abstract and general than 地点 (dìdiǎn), which refers to a specific, named location. Meanings [noun] Place; location; area. A physical spot or region. [noun] Part; aspect. A specific element of something abstract,...
阐述 (chǎnshù) — to elaborate, to expound
阐述 (chǎnshù) 阐述 means to elaborate or expound on something at length, presenting ideas systematically and in detail. Unlike 阐明 which focuses on achieving clarity, 阐述 emphasizes the process of detailed explanation. It is a highly formal term used in academic writing, speeches, and official presentations where thorough exposition is expected. Meanings [v] to elaborate; to expound; to set forth in detail [v] to explain thoroughly; to present (a viewpoint...
结论 (jiélùn) — conclusion
结论 (jiélùn) 结论 refers to a conclusion, judgement, or finding reached at the end of a process of reasoning, research, or investigation. It is the standard term in academic, legal, and analytical writing for a final determination. Meanings [noun] conclusion; finding; final judgement Example Sentences 研究人员经过大量实验，得出了一个令人惊讶的结论。 Yánjiū rényuán jīngguò dàliàng shíyàn, déchūle yī gè lìng rén jīngyà de jiélùn. After extensive experiments, the researchers reached a surprising conclusion. 在所有证据都收集完毕之前，不应该过早地下结论。 Zài...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand / clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something. As a verb it means to grasp the meaning or truth of something. As an adjective it describes something clear and easy to understand. It is more colloquial than 理解 (to comprehend). Meanings [verb] To understand; to get it; to be clear about something. [adjective] Clear; obvious; easy to understand. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？ Nǐ míngbai wǒ de yìsi...
创造力 (chuàngzàolì) — creativity; creative power
创造力 (chuàngzàolì) 创造力 refers to one's creative ability or power, the capacity to produce original ideas, solutions, or works. Meanings [noun] creativity, creative power, or the ability to invent and imagine Example Sentences 孩子们的创造力令人惊叹。 Háizimen de chuàngzàolì lìng rén jīngtàn. Children's creativity is astonishing. 这份工作需要很强的创造力。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn qiáng de chuàngzàolì. This job requires strong creativity. 良好的教育应该培养学生的创造力。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù yīnggāi péiyǎng xuéshēng de chuàngzàolì. Good education should...
结论 (jiélùn) — conclusion
结论 (jiélùn) 结论 is the conclusion or final judgment reached at the end of a process of reasoning, research, or discussion. Meanings [noun] conclusion, final judgment, finding Example Sentences 研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。 Yánjiū rényuán dé chū le yīgè zhòngyào de jiélùn. The researchers reached an important conclusion. 在没有足够证据之前，不要轻易下结论。 Zài méiyǒu zúgòu zhèngjù zhīqián, bùyào qīngyì xià jiélùn. Do not jump to conclusions before there is enough evidence. 这篇文章的结论很清晰，让人容易理解。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de...
安排 (ānpái) — to arrange; to plan; arrangement
安排 (ānpái) 安排 refers to deliberately organizing people, events, or resources into a coherent plan, and can function as both the act of arranging and the resulting arrangement itself. Meanings [verb] To arrange, to plan, to schedule, to assign. [noun] An arrangement, a plan, a schedule. Example Sentences 经理已经安排好了明天的会议室。 Jīnglǐ yǐjīng ānpái hǎo le míngtiān de huìyìshì. The manager has already arranged tomorrow's meeting room. 请你提前安排好旅行中的每一个细节。 Qǐng nǐ tíqián ānpái...
虚拟现实 (xūnǐ xiànshí) — virtual reality
虚拟现实 (xūnǐ xiànshí) 虚拟现实 refers to computer-generated immersive environments that simulate the real world or create entirely fictional spaces, commonly abbreviated as VR in both Chinese and English contexts. Meanings [noun] virtual reality (VR) Example Sentences 虚拟现实技术正在改变游戏行业。 Xūnǐ xiànshí jìshù zhèngzài gǎibiàn yóuxì hángyè. Virtual reality technology is transforming the gaming industry. 这家医院用虚拟现实帮助患者进行康复训练。 Zhè jiā yīyuàn yòng xūnǐ xiànshí bāngzhù huànzhě jìnxíng kāngfù xùnliàn. This hospital uses virtual reality to...
教育 (jiàoyù) — education
教育 (jiàoyù) 教育 refers to the process of education, including teaching, learning, and the cultivation of knowledge and character. Meanings [noun] education; schooling; upbringing [verb] to educate; to teach; to instruct Example Sentences 教育是国家发展的基础。 Jiàoyù shì guójiā fāzhǎn de jīchǔ. Education is the foundation of a country's development. 他的父母非常重视孩子的教育。 Tā de fùmǔ fēicháng zhòngshì háizi de jiàoyù. His parents attach great importance to their child's education. 这所学校的教育质量很高。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào...
不客气 (bú kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bú kèqi) 不客气 is the standard polite response to 谢谢 (thank you). It literally means "don't be polite" or "no need for formality," making it feel warmer than a simple "you're welcome." Note the tone change: 不 is normally bù (4th tone) but becomes bú (2nd tone) before another 4th-tone syllable. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it. Used as a reply to thanks. [phrase] Don't be so polite;...
分裂 (fēnliè) — to split, to divide, division
分裂 (fēnliè) 分裂 describes the act of splitting, dividing, or breaking apart -- whether a physical substance, a political entity, a social group, or a personal relationship. Meanings [verb] to split, to divide, to break apart [noun] division, schism, split Example Sentences 党内的分裂严重削弱了这个政党的执政能力。 Dǎng nèi de fēnliè yánzhòng xuēruò le zhège zhèngdǎng de zhízhèng nénglì. The split within the party seriously weakened this political party's governing capacity. 他们担心这场争论会导致组织内部的分裂。 Tāmen dānxīn...
道德 (dàodé) — morality; ethics; moral
道德 (dàodé) 道德 refers to morality, ethics, and the standards of right and wrong behaviour in society, and is one of the most important terms in Chinese philosophical and social discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] morality; ethics; moral principles [adjective] moral; ethical (as in a moral person or moral behaviour) Example Sentences 商业活动必须在法律和道德的双重框架内进行。 Shāngyè huódòng bìxū zài fǎlǜ hé dàodé de shuāngchóng kuàngjià nèi jìnxíng. Business activities must be...
绿色 (lǜsè) — green; eco-friendly
绿色 (lǜsè) 绿色 literally means the colour green, but at HSK 5 level it is most important as a metaphorical adjective meaning eco-friendly, sustainable, clean, or low-carbon. It is central to Chinese environmental policy discourse. Meanings [noun/adjective] green (the colour) [adjective] eco-friendly; sustainable; clean; low-carbon; environmentally sound Example Sentences 政府大力推广绿色出行，鼓励市民骑自行车或乘坐公共交通。 Zhèngfǔ dàlì tuīguǎng lǜsè chūxíng, gǔlì shìmín qí zìxíngchē huò chéngzuò gōnggòng jiāotōng. The government is actively promoting green travel,...
放弃 (fàngqì) — to give up; to abandon
放弃 (fàngqì) 放弃 means to give up or abandon, referring to the act of voluntarily stopping an effort, relinquishing a right, or letting go of a goal or possession. Meanings [verb] to give up; to abandon; to relinquish; to let go of Example Sentences 不管多难，我都不会放弃。 Bùguǎn duō nán, wǒ dōu bù huì fàngqì. No matter how difficult, I will not give up. 她放弃了高薪工作，去追求自己的梦想。 Tā fàngqìle gāo xīn gōngzuò, qù zhuīqiú...
伤心 (shāngxīn) — sad; heartbroken
伤心 (shāngxīn) 伤心 expresses deep sadness or emotional pain, literally "an injured heart." Meanings [adj/verb] sad; heartbroken; to feel grieved or emotionally hurt Example Sentences 她听到这个消息后非常伤心。 Tā tīng dào zhège xiāoxi hòu fēicháng shāngxīn. She was very sad when she heard the news. 不要伤心，事情总会好转的。 Bùyào shāngxīn, shìqing zǒng huì hǎozhuǎn de. Don't be sad, things will always get better. 他为失去那份工作而伤心了很久。 Tā wèi shīqù nà fèn gōngzuò ér shāngxīn le hěn...
位置 (wèizhì) — position; location; place
位置 (wèizhì) 位置 refers to the physical or abstract position, location, or place that someone or something occupies, including roles in organizations or rankings. Meanings [noun] position, location, or place in physical or abstract space Example Sentences 请把书放回原来的位置。 Qǐng bǎ shū fàng huí yuánlái de wèizhì. Please put the book back in its original place. 他在公司的位置越来越重要。 Tā zài gōngsī de wèizhì yuè lái yuè zhòngyào. His position in the company...
基本上 (jīběnshàng) — basically; fundamentally; essentially
基本上 (jīběnshàng) 基本上 is an adverb meaning "basically" or "essentially," used to indicate that something is mostly or largely the case, though not necessarily 100% perfect. Meanings [adverb] basically; for the most part; largely Example Sentences 这个项目基本上完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù jīběnshàng wánchéngle. This project is basically finished. 我基本上同意你的看法。 Wǒ jīběnshàng tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I basically agree with your view. 新员工基本上已经适应了工作环境。 Xīn yuángōng jīběnshàng yǐjīng shìyìngle gōngzuò huánjìng. The new employees...
确实 (quèshí) — indeed; really; truly; genuinely
确实 (quèshí) 确实 is an adverb used to confirm or affirm that something is genuinely true, often in response to a question or doubt. It conveys a sense of "I can confirm this is really the case." Meanings [adverb] indeed; really; truly; genuinely (used to affirm a fact or admit a truth, often conceding a point) Usage Note 确实 typically comes before a verb or adjective. It is frequently used...
体制 (tǐzhì) — system, institutional structure
体制 (tǐzhì) 体制 refers to the overarching institutional structure or organizational system, especially in the context of government, political, or large-scale social organization, often implying the fundamental framework within which institutions operate. Meanings [noun] system, institutional structure (especially political or administrative) [noun] system of organization or governance at a macro level Example Sentences 改革开放以来，中国的经济体制发生了根本性变化。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, Zhōngguó de jīngjì tǐzhì fāshēng le gēnběn xìng biànhuà. Since reform and opening...
粉丝 (fěnsī) — fan; follower
粉丝 (fěnsī) 粉丝 is a loanword borrowing the sound of English "fans." It refers to devoted followers or fans of a celebrity, brand, sports team, or content creator. It also retains its original food meaning (glass noodles made from starch), though the fan meaning dominates in modern media contexts. Meanings [noun] fan; follower; supporter (of a celebrity, influencer, or brand) [noun] glass noodles; cellophane noodles (original food meaning) Example Sentences...
营销 (yíngxiāo) — marketing
营销 (yíngxiāo) 营销 is the standard Chinese term for marketing -- the activities involved in promoting and selling products or services, including research, advertising, and brand management. Meanings [noun] marketing [verb] to market; to promote and sell Example Sentences 内容营销是当前最受品牌青睐的数字营销策略之一。 Nèiróng yíngxiāo shì dāngqián zuì shòu pínpái qīnglài de shùzì yíngxiāo cèlüè zhī yī. Content marketing is currently one of the most favoured digital marketing strategies among brands. 这家初创公司凭借精准的社交媒体营销，以极低的成本迅速打开了市场。 Zhè...
揭示 (jiēshì) — to reveal; to uncover
揭示 (jiēshì) 揭示 means to reveal or bring to light something that was hidden, obscure, or not yet understood, and is commonly used in academic, literary, and investigative contexts. Meanings [verb] to reveal; to uncover; to lay bare [verb] to illuminate; to expose underlying truths or causes Example Sentences 这项研究揭示了城市化与环境污染之间的关联。 Zhè xiàng yánjiū jiēshìle chéngshìhuà yǔ huánjìng wūrǎn zhījiān de guānlián. This research revealed the connection between urbanization and environmental...
女儿 (nǚ'ér) — daughter
女儿 (nǚ'ér) 女儿 means daughter, a female child. 女 means "female/woman" and 儿 means "child/son," combining to mean "female child." Meanings [noun] Daughter, female child. Example Sentences 他们的女儿很聪明。 Tāmen de nǚ'ér hěn cōngmíng. Their daughter is very smart. 我女儿喜欢画画。 Wǒ nǚ'ér xǐhuān huàhuà. My daughter likes to draw. 你有女儿吗？ Nǐ yǒu nǚ'ér ma? Do you have a daughter? 女儿是爸爸的小棉袄。 Nǚ'ér shì bàba de xiǎo mián'ǎo. A daughter is her father's...
否则 (fǒuzé) — otherwise
否则 (fǒuzé) 否则 means otherwise or or else — it states the negative consequence that will follow if the condition or instruction in the first clause is not fulfilled. Meanings [conjunction] Otherwise; or else; if not. Example Sentences 快点，否则就迟到了。 Kuài diǎn, fǒuzé jiù chídào le. Hurry up, otherwise you'll be late. 你必须认真复习，否则考试会不及格。 Nǐ bìxū rènzhēn fùxí, fǒuzé kǎoshì huì bù jígé. You must review carefully, otherwise you'll fail the exam....
合理 (hélǐ) — reasonable; rational; justified
合理 (hélǐ) 合理 describes something that conforms to reason, logic, fairness, or established principles. It is used to evaluate whether a decision, plan, price, request, or arrangement makes sense and can be justified. Meanings [adjective] Reasonable; rational; sensible; justified; fair. Example Sentences 这个价格是合理的，符合市场行情。 Zhège jiàgé shì hélǐ de, fúhé shìchǎng hángqíng. This price is reasonable and consistent with market rates. 他的要求非常合理，公司应该予以考虑。 Tā de yāoqiú fēicháng hélǐ, gōngsī yīnggāi yǔyǐ kǎolǜ....
合理 (hélǐ) — reasonable; rational
合理 (hélǐ) 合理 means reasonable, rational, or sensible -- describing something that conforms to logic, fairness, or common sense and can be justified. Meanings [adjective] reasonable; rational; sensible; justified; appropriate Example Sentences 这个价格非常合理，我们决定接受。 Zhège jiàgé fēicháng hélǐ, wǒmen juédìng jiēshòu. This price is very reasonable, so we decided to accept it. 他的要求是合理的，管理层应该认真考虑。 Tā de yāoqiú shì hélǐ de, guǎnlǐ céng yīnggāi rènzhēn kǎolǜ. His request is reasonable, and management should...
站 (zhàn) — to stand / station
站 (zhàn) A word used both as a verb meaning "to stand" and as a noun meaning a bus stop or train station. In everyday speech, both uses are frequent. Meanings [verb] To stand, to be standing. [noun] A stop, a station (for buses, trains, metro). Example Sentences 老师让我们站起来。 Lǎoshī ràng wǒmen zhàn qǐlái. The teacher asked us to stand up. 下一站是火车站。 Xià yī zhàn shì huǒchēzhàn. The next stop...
比赛 (bǐsài) — competition
比赛 (bǐsài) 比赛 is the standard word for a competition, match, or contest. It is used for sports, academic contests, and any formal competitive event. It can also function as a verb meaning "to compete." Meanings [noun] Competition; match; contest; race. [verb] To compete; to have a match. Example Sentences 他参加了学校的演讲比赛。 Tā cānjiā le xuéxiào de yǎnjiǎng bǐsài. He participated in the school speech competition. 今天下午有一场足球比赛。 Jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu yī...
机场 (jīchǎng) — airport
机场 (jīchǎng) 机场 is the standard word for airport, the facility where passengers board and depart from aircraft. Meanings [noun] airport — a place with runways and terminals for the departure and arrival of aircraft and passengers Example Sentences 我们明天早上六点去机场。 Wǒmen míngtiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qù jīchǎng. We are going to the airport tomorrow at six in the morning. 机场离市中心很远。 Jīchǎng lí shì zhōngxīn hěn yuǎn. The airport is far...
妹妹 (mèimei) — younger sister
妹妹 (mèimei) 妹妹 means younger sister. It refers to a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger sister, little sister. Example Sentences 我妹妹很可爱。 Wǒ mèimei hěn kě'ài. My younger sister is very cute. 妹妹喜欢唱歌。 Mèimei xǐhuān chànggē. My younger sister likes to sing. 你有妹妹吗？ Nǐ yǒu mèimei ma? Do you have a younger sister? 我的妹妹比我小五岁。 Wǒ de mèimei bǐ wǒ xiǎo wǔ suì. My younger sister...
脸 (liǎn) — face
脸 (liǎn) 脸 means face, both literally (the front of the head) and figuratively (social face or dignity in the Chinese cultural sense). It is the most common word for face in everyday spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Face (the front of the head with eyes, nose, mouth). [noun] Face; dignity; social reputation (figurative). Example Sentences 她的脸红了。 Tā de liǎn hóng le. Her face turned red. 你脸上有一点儿东西。 Nǐ liǎn shang yǒu...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound, voice, noise
声音 (shēngyīn) Refers to any audible sound, including a person's voice, music, noise, or any acoustic signal. It covers both natural sounds and the human voice. Meanings [noun] Sound, noise. [noun] Voice (of a person). Example Sentences 外面的声音很大。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn hěn dà. The sound outside is very loud. 她的声音很好听。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng. Her voice is very pleasant. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīng dào le yīgè qíguài de shēngyīn. I...
茶 (chá) — tea
茶 (chá) Tea, the most culturally significant beverage in China. 茶 refers to both the drink and the tea leaves themselves. The word "tea" in most world languages originates from Chinese. Meanings [noun] Tea. A hot or cold drink made by infusing dried tea leaves in water. [noun] Tea leaves. The dried plant material used to brew the drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶吗？ Nǐ hē chá ma? Do you drink tea?...
奥运会 (Àoyùnhuì) — Olympics, Olympic Games
奥运会 (Àoyùnhuì) 奥运会 refers to the Olympic Games, the world's foremost international multi-sport event held every four years. The name is a shortening of 奥林匹克运动会 (Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì). Meanings n the Olympic Games; the Olympics Example Sentences 北京在2008年举办了奥运会。 Běijīng zài 2008 nián jǔbàn le Àoyùnhuì. Beijing hosted the Olympic Games in 2008. 她的梦想是参加奥运会并赢得金牌。 Tā de mèngxiǎng shì cānjiā Àoyùnhuì bìng yíngdé jīnpái. Her dream is to compete in the Olympics and...
施治 (shīzhì) — to treat, administer treatment
施治 (shīzhì) 施治 is a formal, literary verb meaning to administer or apply treatment to a patient. It carries a higher register than everyday terms like 治疗 and is commonly found in clinical documentation, traditional Chinese medicine texts, and academic medical writing. The term implies a deliberate, methodical application of therapeutic measures by a qualified practitioner. Meanings verb to treat; to administer medical treatment or therapy Example Sentences 医师须依据循证医学原则，对患者因病施治，不可滥用药物。 Yīshī...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand / clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand something clearly, or to describe something as clear and obvious. Meanings [verb] to understand; to realize [adjective] clear; obvious; plain Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？ Nǐ míngbai wǒ de yìsi ma? Do you understand what I mean? 我现在终于明白了。 Wǒ xiànzài zhōngyú míngbaile. I finally understand now. 他把问题说得很明白。 Tā bǎ wèntí shuō de hěn míngbai. He explained the problem very clearly. 这件事情你要明白。 Zhè jiàn shìqíng nǐ yào...
数字化 (shùzìhuà) — digitalization, to digitize
数字化 (shùzìhuà) The transformation of processes, content, or industries through digital technology -- a defining trend of 21st-century business and governance. Meanings [verb] to digitize, to digitalize [noun] digitalization, digitization Example Sentences 企业数字化转型已成为全球商业的核心议题。 Qǐyè shùzìhuà zhuǎnxíng yǐ chéngwéi quánqiú shāngyè de héxīn yìtí. Corporate digital transformation has become a core issue in global business. 政府正在推进政务服务的全面数字化。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài tuījìn zhèngwù fúwù de quánmiàn shùzìhuà. The government is pushing for comprehensive digitalization...
激发 (jīfā) — Stimulate, trigger, arouse
激发 (jīfā) 激发 means to stimulate or trigger something into action -- typically used for feelings, potential, interest, creativity, or reactions that are aroused by an external stimulus. Meanings [verb] to stimulate; to arouse; to trigger; to bring out; to activate Example Sentences 这本书激发了他对科学的浓厚兴趣。 Zhè běn shū jīfāle tā duì kēxué de nóng hòu xìngqù. This book stimulated his strong interest in science. 老师的提问激发了学生们的思考和讨论热情。 Lǎoshī de tíwèn jīfāle xuéshēngmen de...
持久 (chíjiǔ) — lasting; enduring; sustained
持久 (chíjiǔ) 持久 describes something that lasts for a long time or has the quality of endurance and sustainability, used for peace, effects, relationships, conflicts, and effort. Meanings [adjective] lasting; enduring; sustained; durable; long-lasting Example Sentences 只有解决根本矛盾，才能实现持久和平，而不是仅仅停止冲突。 Zhǐyǒu jiějué gēnběn máodùn, cái néng shíxiàn chíjiǔ hépíng, ér bùshì jǐnjǐn tíngzhǐ chōngtū. Only by resolving fundamental contradictions can lasting peace be achieved, rather than merely stopping the conflict. 养成良好习惯需要持久的坚持，短期的努力很难带来根本性的改变。 Yǎngchéng liánghǎo...
自行车 (zìxíngchē) — bicycle
自行车 (zìxíngchē) 自行车 means bicycle or bike. The word is literally self-moving vehicle, a perfectly descriptive name for a human-powered two-wheeler. Meanings [noun] Bicycle; bike. Example Sentences 我每天骑自行车上班。 Wǒ měitiān qí zìxíngchē shàngbān. I ride my bicycle to work every day. 这辆自行车是我上学用的。 Zhè liàng zìxíngchē shì wǒ shàngxué yòng de. This bicycle is the one I use for school. 骑自行车对健康很有好处。 Qí zìxíngchē duì jiànkāng hěn yǒu hǎochù. Riding a bicycle...
团队 (tuánduì) — team; group
团队 (tuánduì) 团队 refers to a group of people who work together, coordinate their efforts, and share a common objective. Meanings [noun] Team; group; collective working unit. Example Sentences 我们的团队由来自五个国家的人组成。 Wǒmen de tuánduì yóu lái zì wǔ gè guójiā de rén zǔchéng. Our team is made up of people from five countries. 良好的团队合作是成功的关键。 Liánghǎo de tuánduì hézuò shì chénggōng de guānjiàn. Good teamwork is the key to success. 她是团队里最有经验的成员。 Tā...
区域 (qūyù) — area; zone; region
区域 (qūyù) 区域 refers to a defined area, zone, or region, which can be geographical, administrative, or functional in nature. Meanings [noun] an area, zone, or defined region of space or territory Example Sentences 这个区域的气候非常温暖。 Zhège qūyù de qìhòu fēicháng wēnnuǎn. The climate in this area is very warm. 公司在不同区域设立了办事处。 Gōngsī zài bùtóng qūyù shèlì le bànshìchù. The company has set up offices in different regions. 禁止在这个区域内吸烟。 Jìnzhǐ zài zhège...
安排 (ānpái) — to arrange; arrangement
安排 (ānpái) 安排 means to arrange or schedule something, and can also refer to an arrangement or plan itself. Meanings [verb] to arrange; to organize; to schedule [noun] an arrangement; a plan; a schedule Example Sentences 老师安排我们明天去参观博物馆。 Lǎoshī ānpái wǒmen míngtiān qù cānguān bówùguǎn. The teacher arranged for us to visit the museum tomorrow. 你今天有什么安排？ Nǐ jīntiān yǒu shénme ānpái? What are your plans for today? 他们把婚礼安排得非常周到。 Tāmen bǎ hūnlǐ...
英语 (Yīngyǔ) — English language
英语 (Yīngyǔ) The English language. 英 is the phonetic approximation of "Eng-" (from "England") and also conveniently means "outstanding" or "hero" in Chinese. 语 means "language." Meanings [noun] English language. The language originating from England, widely used internationally. Example Sentences 你会说英语吗？ Nǐ huì shuō Yīngyǔ ma? Can you speak English? 我在学英语。 Wǒ zài xué Yīngyǔ. I am studying English. 他的英语说得很好。 Tā de Yīngyǔ shuō de hěn hǎo. He speaks English...
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) — a little; a bit
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) 一点儿 means "a little" or "a bit." It softens statements about degree or quantity and is one of the most common hedging expressions in Mandarin. Meanings [adverb] A little; slightly (modifying an adjective or verb to reduce intensity). [noun phrase] A small amount of (before a noun to indicate a small quantity). Example Sentences 我会说一点儿汉语。 Wǒ huì shuō yīdiǎnr Hànyǔ. I can speak a little Chinese. 这个菜有一点儿辣。 Zhège...
火车 (huǒchē) — train
火车 (huǒchē) A train. 火 means "fire" and 车 means "vehicle," a reference to the steam-powered locomotives of early railway history. Today it refers to any train. Meanings [noun] Train. A series of connected railway cars pulled by a locomotive. Example Sentences 我坐火车去上海。 Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù Shànghǎi. I am taking the train to Shanghai. 火车几点到？ Huǒchē jǐ diǎn dào? What time does the train arrive? 火车票比飞机票便宜。 Huǒchē piào bǐ...
教育 (jiàoyù) — Education
教育 (jiàoyù) 教育 refers to the broad system and process of educating people, or the act of teaching someone proper values and knowledge. Meanings [noun] education; schooling; upbringing [verb] to educate; to instruct; to teach (values or discipline) Example Sentences 教育是国家发展的基础。 Jiàoyù shì guójiā fāzhǎn de jīchǔ. Education is the foundation of a country's development. 父母要重视对孩子的早期教育。 Fùmǔ yào zhòngshì duì háizi de zǎoqī jiàoyù. Parents should pay attention to their...
男人 (nánrén) — man
男人 (nánrén) A noun meaning man or adult male. It combines 男 (male) and 人 (person). In everyday speech, 男人 typically refers to adult men, while 男孩 (nánhái) refers to boys. Meanings [noun] Man, adult male. [noun] Men in general (as a group or category). Example Sentences 那个男人是我的老师。 Nàge nánrén shì wǒ de lǎoshī. That man is my teacher. 这个工作需要一个男人来做吗？不需要。 Zhège gōngzuò xūyào yīgè nánrén lái zuò ma? Bù xūyào....
可靠 (kěkào) — reliable; dependable; trustworthy
可靠 (kěkào) 可靠 describes a person, source, system, or method that is reliable, dependable, and worthy of trust. It implies consistency and proven performance over time, making it a high compliment in professional and personal relationships. Meanings [adjective] Reliable; dependable; trustworthy; solid. Example Sentences 她是一个非常可靠的人，交给她的任务从来不会出差错。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng kěkào de rén, jiāo gěi tā de rènwù cónglái bù huì chū chācuò. She is a very reliable person; tasks entrusted...
吗 (ma) — yes/no question particle
吗 (ma) 吗 is a sentence-final particle that converts any statement into a yes/no question. It is one of the simplest and most essential particles in Mandarin. Meanings [particle] Question marker for yes/no questions (always sentence-final). Example Sentences 你是学生吗？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ma? Are you a student? 你吃饭了吗？ Nǐ chīfàn le ma? Have you eaten? 他今天来吗？ Tā jīntiān lái ma? Is he coming today? 这个好吃吗？ Zhège hǎo chī ma? Is...
光纤 (guāngxiān) — fiber optics
光纤 (guāngxiān) 光纤 refers to thin, flexible strands of optically pure glass or plastic that transmit light signals over long distances with minimal loss. Fiber optic technology has revolutionized telecommunications by enabling high-bandwidth, low-latency data transmission and forms the backbone of modern internet infrastructure and long-haul communication networks. Meanings [noun] optical fiber; fiber optics; a thin transparent fiber through which light is transmitted for data communication Example Sentences 单模光纤在长距离高速通信中比多模光纤具有更低的信号衰减。 Dān...
发表 (fābiǎo) — to publish; to deliver
发表 (fābiǎo) 发表 means to publish an article or academic paper, or to deliver a speech, statement, or opinion in a formal public context, and is essential vocabulary for academic and official discourse. Meanings [verb] to publish (an article, paper, or commentary) [verb] to deliver (a speech); to make (a statement or announcement) Example Sentences 这位科学家在国际顶级期刊上发表了多篇论文。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā zài guójì dǐng jí qīkān shàng fābiǎole duō piān lùnwén. This...
程序 (chéngxù) — procedure; program
程序 (chéngxù) 程序 refers to either a formal sequence of steps or procedures that must be followed, or a computer program, making it a versatile term across legal, administrative, and technical contexts. Meanings [noun] procedure; process; formal steps [noun] computer program; software application Example Sentences 申请签证需要按照规定的程序提交相关材料。 Shēnqǐng qiānzhèng xūyào ànzhào guīdìng de chéngxù tíjiāo xiāngguān cáiliào. Applying for a visa requires submitting relevant documents following the prescribed procedures. 这个程序运行时占用大量内存，影响了电脑速度。 Zhège...
号召 (hàozhào) — to call on; to appeal to; call
号召 (hàozhào) 号召 describes the act of publicly calling on people to take action, often for a collective or social purpose. Meanings [verb] To call on, to appeal to, to rally, to mobilize. [noun] A call, an appeal, a rallying cry. Example Sentences 政府号召全体市民积极参与垃圾分类，共同保护环境。 Zhèngfǔ hàozhào quántǐ shìmín jījí cānyù lājī fēnlèi, gòngtóng bǎohù huánjìng. The government called on all citizens to actively participate in waste sorting and protect the...
程序 (chéngxù) — program, procedure
程序 (chéngxù) 程序 has two main senses: in computing, it means a program or piece of software; in general usage, it means a procedure, process, or set of steps to follow. Both meanings are common in formal and everyday Chinese. Meanings [noun] program; a set of instructions for a computer [noun] procedure; a sequence of steps or formal process Example Sentences 这个程序运行速度很快。 Zhège chéngxù yùnxíng sùdù hěn kuài. This program...
没 (méi) — not (past negation), have not
没 (méi) The negation word used for past actions and the verb 有 (to have). 没 is short for 没有 (méiyǒu). It signals that something did not happen or does not exist. Meanings [adverb] Did not. Negates completed past actions. [adverb] Have not, has not. Negates the verb 有 (to have or exist). 没 vs. 不: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 没. Use 没...
用 (yòng) — to use
用 (yòng) A common verb meaning "to use" something. It also functions as a preposition meaning "with" or "by means of" (using a tool or method). It is one of the most frequent words in daily Chinese. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ, to make use of. [preposition] With, by means of (using a tool or method). Example Sentences 你用什么写字？ Nǐ yòng shénme xiězì? What do you use to write?...
号召 (hàozhào) — to call on; appeal
号召 (hàozhào) 号召 means to publicly call on or appeal to people to take action, and also refers to such a call or appeal itself, often used in political, social, and organizational contexts. Meanings [verb] to call on; to appeal to; to rally (people to a cause or action) [noun] a call; an appeal; a rallying cry Example Sentences 政府号召全体公民积极参与环保行动。 Zhèngfǔ hàozhào quántǐ gōngmín jījí cānyù huánbǎo xíngdòng. The government...
关键 (guānjiàn) — key; crucial; pivotal; the crux
关键 (guānjiàn) 关键 refers to the most critical factor or turning point in a situation, and can also serve as an adjective meaning crucial or decisive. Meanings [noun] the key; the crux — the most important or decisive element [adjective] key; crucial; pivotal — critically important Example Sentences 关键是要坚持下去。 Guānjiàn shì yào jiānchí xiàqù. The key is to keep persisting. 这是一个关键时刻。 Zhè shì yī gè guānjiàn shíkè. This is a...
出租车 (chūzūchē) — taxi
出租车 (chūzūchē) A taxi or cab, a vehicle hired by passengers for point-to-point travel. 出租 means "to rent out," and 车 means "vehicle." Meanings [noun] Taxi, cab. A car available for hire, driven by a licensed driver. Example Sentences 我叫了一辆出租车。 Wǒ jiào le yī liàng chūzūchē. I called a taxi. 出租车多少钱？ Chūzūchē duōshao qián? How much does the taxi cost? 我坐出租车去机场。 Wǒ zuò chūzūchē qù jīchǎng. I took a taxi...
打扰 (dǎrǎo) — to disturb; to bother; to interrupt
打扰 (dǎrǎo) 打扰 means to disturb or interrupt someone, and is frequently used in polite phrases when asking for help or attention. Meanings [verb] To disturb, to bother, to interrupt, to intrude upon. Example Sentences 对不起，打扰一下，请问附近有没有地铁站？ Duìbuqǐ, dǎrǎo yīxià, qǐngwèn fùjìn yǒu méiyǒu dìtiě zhàn? Sorry to bother you — could you tell me if there is a metro station nearby? 他在开重要会议，请大家不要随意打扰他。 Tā zài kāi zhòngyào huìyì, qǐng dàjiā bù...
安全 (ānquán) — safe / safety
安全 (ānquán) 安全 means safe or safety. As an adjective it describes a person, place, or situation as free from danger. As a noun it refers to the concept of safety or security. It is a high-frequency word in everyday life and public announcements. Meanings [adjective] Safe; secure; free from danger. [noun] Safety; security. Example Sentences 过马路要注意安全。 Guò mǎlù yào zhùyì ānquán. Pay attention to safety when crossing the road....
此外 (cǐwài) — in addition; besides; moreover
此外 (cǐwài) 此外 introduces additional information that goes beyond what has already been mentioned, meaning "in addition," "besides," or "apart from this." Meanings [conjunction] In addition; besides; moreover; apart from this (adds supplementary information). Example Sentences 这个城市有很多博物馆。此外，还有很多公园可以参观。 Zhège chéngshì yǒu hěn duō bówùguǎn. Cǐwài, hái yǒu hěn duō gōngyuán kěyǐ cānguān. This city has many museums. In addition, there are also many parks to visit. 他会说英语和法语。此外，他还在学习日语。 Tā huì shuō Yīngyǔ...
此外 (cǐ wài) — In addition, besides
此外 (cǐ wài) This conjunction is used to introduce additional points beyond what has already been stated, functioning as a formal connective in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [conj] in addition; besides; moreover; apart from this Example Sentences 他擅长数学和物理。此外，他还会弹钢琴。 Tā shàncháng shùxué hé wùlǐ. Cǐ wài, tā hái huì tán gāngqín. He is good at math and physics. In addition, he can play the piano. 我们需要更多资金。此外，还需要专业人才。 Wǒmen xūyào gèng duō...
好看 (hǎokàn) — good-looking
好看 (hǎokàn) An adjective meaning pleasant to look at or good-looking. Unlike 漂亮 (piàoliang), which focuses on striking human beauty, 好看 is broader and more neutral. It can describe scenery, clothes, objects, movies, and people. Think of 好看 as "nice to look at" and 漂亮 as "beautiful/pretty." Meanings [adjective] Good-looking, pleasant to look at (for people, objects, scenery, or media). [adjective] Interesting, worth watching (for films, books, or shows). Example...
规律 (guīlǜ) — rule; pattern; regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular pattern, natural law, or systematic rule that governs how things work or happen. Meanings [noun] rule; law; regularity (in nature or life) [noun] pattern; routine; regular order Example Sentences 生活要有规律，不能总是熬夜。 Shēnghuó yào yǒu guīlǜ, bù néng zǒngshì áoyè. Life should have regularity; you cannot always stay up late. 他发现了自然界的一个重要规律。 Tā fāxiànle zìránjiè de yī gè zhòngyào guīlǜ. He discovered an important law of...
流体动力学 (liútǐ dònglìxué) — fluid dynamics
流体动力学 (liútǐ dònglìxué) 流体动力学 is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that focuses on the forces acting on fluids in motion and the resulting effects. It underpins aerodynamic design, hydraulic engineering, weather modeling, and biomedical applications such as blood flow analysis. The Navier-Stokes equations are central to the field. Meanings [noun] fluid dynamics; the scientific study of the motion of liquids and gases and the forces acting upon them Example Sentences...
动词+得+adj — verb + degree complement
动词+得+adj (Verb + Degree Complement) The degree complement uses 得 (de) after a verb to introduce an adjective or descriptive phrase that evaluates the manner or degree of the action. It answers the question "how well?" or "to what extent?" Structure Verb + 得 + Adjective/Descriptive Phrase If the verb takes an object, the verb must be repeated: Verb + Object + Verb + 得 + Adjective . Example Sentences...
判断 (pànduàn) — to judge; judgment; to determine
判断 (pànduàn) 判断 means to judge or determine something based on available information. It implies an active mental process of weighing evidence and reaching a conclusion. As a noun it refers to the judgment or determination itself. Meanings [verb] To judge; to determine; to assess; to conclude. [noun] Judgment; determination; assessment. Example Sentences 根据现有的信息，很难判断哪个方案更合适。 Gēnjù xiànyǒu de xìnxī, hěn nán pànduàn nǎge fāng'àn gèng héshì. Based on the available information,...
认为 (rènwéi) — to think, to consider, to believe
认为 (rènwéi) Used to express a personal opinion or belief, equivalent to "I think that..." or "I consider..." It introduces a clause and is more formal than 觉得, focusing on intellectual judgment rather than feelings. Meanings [verb] To think that, to consider, to be of the opinion that. Example Sentences 我认为这个方法很好。 Wǒ rènwéi zhège fāngfǎ hěn hǎo. I think this method is very good. 他认为学中文不难。 Tā rènwéi xué Zhōngwén bù...
找到 (zhǎo dào) — to find; to successfully locate
找到 (zhǎo dào) 找到 is a verb + result complement. 找 means "to look for / search" and 到 is the result complement indicating that the searching action reached its goal — you actually found it. Without 到, 找 is just the act of searching (outcome unknown). 找不到 means "can't find" and 没找到 means "searched but didn't find." Meanings [v+comp] Find; locate — the search was successful. [v+comp] Track down;...
使命 (shǐmìng) — mission
使命 (shǐmìng) 使命 refers to a mission or calling — a duty of great significance that one is entrusted with or feels compelled to fulfill. It carries a sense of gravity and purpose beyond mere tasks or assignments, often appearing in contexts of historical responsibility, institutional purpose, or personal vocation. Meanings [n] mission, calling (a solemn duty of high significance) [n] mandate, charge (an official duty entrusted to a person...
演讲 (yǎnjiǎng) — speech; to give a speech
演讲 (yǎnjiǎng) 演讲 refers to a formal speech or lecture given to an audience, or the act of giving such a speech. Meanings [noun] speech; lecture; a formal address given to an audience [verb] to give a speech; to deliver a lecture Example Sentences 他在大会上做了一次精彩的演讲。 Tā zài dàhuì shàng zuò le yī cì jīngcǎi de yǎnjiǎng. He gave a wonderful speech at the conference. 我需要为明天的演讲做充分准备。 Wǒ xūyào wèi míngtiān de...
包子 (bāozi) — steamed bun
包子 (bāozi) 包子 is a steamed bun with a filling, one of the most common breakfast foods in China. The filling can be pork, vegetables, or sweet bean paste. Meanings [noun] Steamed stuffed bun (a classic Chinese breakfast item). Example Sentences 早上我吃了两个包子。 Zǎoshang wǒ chī le liǎng gè bāozi. I ate two steamed buns in the morning. 这家店的包子很好吃。 Zhè jiā diàn de bāozi hěn hǎochī. The steamed buns from this...
一 (yī) — one
一 (yī) The number one, written as a single horizontal stroke; its tone changes depending on what follows: yí before 4th-tone syllables, yì before 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-tone syllables. Meanings [number] One, the digit 1. [adverb] Once, as soon as (in patterns like 一…就…: as soon as… then…). [determiner] A, an (indefinite article function before measure word + noun). Example Sentences 我有一个姐姐。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè jiějie. I have one...
教授 (jiàoshòu) — Professor
教授 (jiàoshòu) 教授 refers to a university professor, or as a verb, the act of teaching and imparting knowledge. Meanings [noun] professor (academic title) [verb] to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge or skills) Example Sentences 这位教授在大学里教了三十年的历史。 Zhè wèi jiàoshòu zài dàxué lǐ jiāole sānshí nián de lìshǐ. This professor has taught history at the university for thirty years. 他是一位著名的经济学教授。 Tā shì yī wèi zhùmíng de jīngjìxué jiàoshòu. He is...
据悉 (jùxī) — it is learned that; reportedly; according to sources
据悉 (jùxī) 据悉 is a formal journalistic expression meaning "it is learned that" or "reportedly," used to introduce information obtained from an unspecified source, signaling that the speaker or writer is passing on information without necessarily confirming it personally. Meanings [discourse marker] it is learned that; reportedly; it has been learned that; according to sources Example Sentences 据悉，该公司计划在年底前完成新工厂的建设，届时将新增两千个就业岗位。 Jùxī, gāi gōngsī jìhuà zài niándǐ qián wánchéng xīn gōngchǎng de jiànshè,...
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) — application; app
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) An application or app is a software program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user, whether on a computer, smartphone, or other device. Meanings [noun] application; app; software application; program Example Sentences 这款应用程序可以帮助用户管理日常任务和日程安排。 Zhè kuǎn yìngyòng chéngxù kěyǐ bāngzhù yònghù guǎnlǐ rìcháng rènwù hé rìchéng ānpái. This application can help users manage daily tasks and schedules. 下载这个应用程序需要注册账户并同意服务条款。 Xiàzài zhège yìngyòng chéngxù xūyào zhùcè zhànghù...
分 (fēn) — minute / point / fraction
分 (fēn) A versatile word: a unit of time equal to one minute, a scoring unit (point), or a fraction of one-tenth of a basic unit. Meanings [noun / measure word] Minute (unit of time, 1/60 of an hour). [noun] Point, score (in an exam or competition). [noun] Fraction, one-tenth unit (of yuan, etc.). Example Sentences 现在是三点四十五分。 Xiànzài shì sān diǎn sìshíwǔ fēn. It is now 3:45 (three forty-five). 他考试得了九十五分。...
稳健 (wěnjiàn) — steady and sound; prudent
稳健 (wěnjiàn) 稳健 describes a quality of being steady, reliable, and sound in approach, commonly applied to management style, policy decisions, economic strategies, and personal conduct. Meanings [adjective] steady and sound; prudent; solid; well-grounded Example Sentences 央行采取了稳健的货币政策以防止通货膨胀。 Yāngháng cǎiqǔ le wěnjiàn de huòbì zhèngcè yǐ fángzhǐ tōnghuò péngzhàng. The central bank adopted a prudent monetary policy to prevent inflation. 这位投资者以稳健的风格著称，从不追逐短期热点。 Zhè wèi tóuzīzhě yǐ wěnjiàn de fēnggé zhùchēng, cóng bù...
除了 (chúle) — except / besides / in addition to
除了 (chúle) 除了 is a preposition with two contrasting functions. With 以外/之外 and a negative, it means "except" (excluding something from a group). With 以外/之外 and 还/也, it means "besides / in addition to" (adding something extra). Recognizing which pattern is used is key to understanding the meaning. Meanings [preposition] Except; apart from; excluding (paired with negatives like 不/没). [preposition] Besides; in addition to; other than (paired with 还 or...
版权 (bǎnquán) — Copyright
版权 (bǎnquán) 版权 refers to the legal right that protects creators from having their original works reproduced, distributed, or adapted without permission -- encompassing books, music, software, films, and other creative content. Meanings [noun] copyright; intellectual property rights over creative works Example Sentences 未经授权转载他人的文章是侵犯版权的行为。 Wèi jīng shòuquán zhuǎnzǎi tārén de wénzhāng shì qīnfàn bǎnquán de xíngwéi. Reprinting someone else's article without authorization is a copyright infringement. 这首歌曲的版权归唱片公司所有。 Zhè shǒu gēqǔ...
他们 (tāmen) — they, them
他们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun used for groups of males or mixed-gender groups; for all-female groups, 她们 is preferred in writing, though both are spoken identically as tāmen. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, masculine or mixed group). [pronoun] Them (object). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 他们的). Example Sentences 他们都是我的朋友。 Tāmen dōu shì wǒ de péngyou. They are all my friends. 我不认识他们。 Wǒ bú rènshi tāmen. I do not know them. 他们的学校在哪里？...
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) — embarrassed; sorry to trouble you
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) 不好意思 literally means "not good feeling/meaning" and expresses embarrassment, shyness, or a polite apology for causing inconvenience. It covers the gap between a full apology (对不起) and simple awkwardness. Meanings [adjective] Embarrassed; shy; feeling awkward in a social situation. [expression] Sorry to trouble you; excuse me (polite phrase before making a request or after a minor imposition). Example Sentences 不好意思，我来晚了。 Bù hǎo yìsi, wǒ lái wǎn...
照片 (zhàopiàn) — photo
照片 (zhàopiàn) 照片 means photograph or photo. It refers to any picture taken by a camera, whether printed or digital. Meanings [noun] Photograph; photo; picture. Example Sentences 这张照片拍得很好看。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn pāi de hěn hǎokàn. This photo turned out really nice. 我想看你小时候的照片。 Wǒ xiǎng kàn nǐ xiǎo shíhou de zhàopiàn. I want to see your childhood photos. 她把照片发给了我。 Tā bǎ zhàopiàn fā gěi le wǒ. She sent the photo to...
理性 (lǐxìng) — rational; reasonable
理性 (lǐxìng) 理性 refers to rationality as a noun, or describes something as rational and reasonable as an adjective. Meanings [noun] rationality; reason; the capacity for logical and reasoned thinking [adjective] rational; reasonable; guided by reason rather than emotion Example Sentences 面对问题，我们应该保持理性。 Miànduì wèntí, wǒmen yīnggāi bǎochí lǐxìng. When facing problems, we should remain rational. 做决定时需要理性思考，而不仅仅靠感情。 Zuò juédìng shí xūyào lǐxìng sīkǎo, ér bù jǐnjǐn kào gǎnqíng. When making decisions,...
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) — social influence
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) 社会影响 refers to the ways in which the presence, behavior, or attitudes of other people affect an individual's own thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is a fundamental concept in social psychology and sociology. 社会影响 can be direct, such as peer pressure, or indirect, such as cultural norms. Meanings noun social influence, the impact of society or social groups on individual behavior Example Sentences 社会影响对青少年的行为有重要作用。 Shèhuì yǐngxiǎng duì...
消失 (xiāoshī) — to disappear; to vanish
消失 (xiāoshī) 消失 means to disappear or vanish, referring to something that ceases to be visible or no longer exists. Meanings [verb] to disappear; to vanish; to cease to exist or be seen Example Sentences 他的身影慢慢消失在人群中。 Tā de shēnyǐng mànmàn xiāoshī zài rénqún zhōng. His figure slowly disappeared into the crowd. 这种珍稀动物正在慢慢消失。 Zhè zhǒng zhēnxī dòngwù zhèngzài mànmàn xiāoshī. This rare animal is gradually disappearing. 疼痛感在吃了药之后消失了。 Téngtòng gǎn zài chī...
理性 (lǐxìng) — Rationality, rational
理性 (lǐxìng) 理性 refers to the capacity for rational, logical thinking that is based on reason rather than emotion or impulse. It describes both the quality of being rational and the faculty of reason itself. Meanings [noun] rationality; reason; rational thinking [adj] rational; reasonable; logical; level-headed Example Sentences 面对危机，保持理性判断是解决问题的关键。 Miànduì wēijī, bǎochí lǐxìng pànduàn shì jiějué wèntí de guānjiàn. When facing a crisis, maintaining rational judgment is the key to...
放弃 (fàngqì) — to give up
放弃 (fàngqì) 放弃 means to give up or abandon a goal, plan, idea, or right. Meanings [verb] to give up; to abandon; to relinquish; to quit Example Sentences 他放弃了这次去国外学习的机会。 Tā fàngqì le zhè cì qù guówài xuéxí de jīhuì. He gave up the opportunity to study abroad this time. 不管有多难，都不能放弃。 Bùguǎn yǒu duō nán, dōu bù néng fàngqì. No matter how difficult it is, you must not give up. 她放弃了原来的工作，开始了自己的事业。...
警察 (jǐngchá) — police
警察 (jǐngchá) 警察 means police or police officer. It refers both to individual law enforcement officers and to the police as an institution. The measure word for one officer is 名 (míng) or 个 (gè). Meanings [noun] Police officer; policeman; policewoman. [noun] The police (as an institution or force). Example Sentences 快叫警察！ Kuài jiào jǐngchá! Call the police quickly! 那位警察帮助了迷路的孩子。 Nà wèi jǐngchá bāngzhù le mílù de háizi. That police...
不但…而且… (bùdàn...érqiě...) — not only... but also...
不但…而且… (bùdàn...érqiě...) 不但…而且… is a correlative conjunction pattern used to link two clauses where the second adds to or escalates the first. The subject can appear before 不但 (shared subject) or in each clause separately (different subjects). Structure [Subject] + 不但 + [Clause 1] + 而且 + [Clause 2] When the subject is shared, it goes before 不但. When the two clauses have different subjects, each clause carries its own...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important; significant
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is one of the most fundamental adjectives in Chinese, meaning important, significant, or crucial, and is used pervasively across all registers to describe people, things, decisions, or issues of great consequence. Meanings [adjective] important; significant; crucial; of great consequence Example Sentences 健康是人生中最重要的财富，没有健康就谈不上其他。 Jiànkāng shì rénshēng zhōng zuì zhòngyào de cáifù, méiyǒu jiànkāng jiù tán bu shàng qítā. Health is the most important wealth in life; without health,...
区块链 (qūkuài liàn) — blockchain
区块链 (qūkuài liàn) 区块链 is the Chinese term for blockchain technology -- a distributed, decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers in a way that is secure, transparent, and difficult to alter. Meanings [noun] blockchain (a distributed ledger technology) Example Sentences 区块链技术的核心优势在于其去中心化和不可篡改的特性。 Qūkuài liàn jìshù de héxīn yōushì zàiyú qí qù zhōngxīnhuà hé bùkě cuāngǎi de tèxìng. The core advantage of blockchain technology lies in its...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute
可爱 (kě'ài) An adjective meaning cute, adorable, or lovable. It describes people, animals, or objects that inspire affection, often through their small size, round features, or innocent manner. Meanings [adjective] Cute, adorable, lovable (for people, animals, and things). [adjective] Charming, endearing in a sweet way. Example Sentences 这只小狗太可爱了！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu tài kě'ài le! This little dog is so adorable! 她的女儿非常可爱。 Tā de nǚ'ér fēicháng kě'ài. Her daughter is extremely...
按照 (ànzhào) — according to; in accordance with
按照 (ànzhào) 按照 is a preposition meaning "according to" or "in accordance with," used to indicate that an action follows a certain rule, plan, or instruction. Meanings [preposition] According to; in accordance with; following (a rule, plan, or standard). Example Sentences 请按照说明书使用这台机器。 Qǐng ànzhào shuōmíngshū shǐyòng zhè tái jīqì. Please use this machine according to the instruction manual. 按照计划，我们明天出发。 Ànzhào jìhuà, wǒmen míngtiān chūfā. According to the plan, we depart...
希望 (xīwàng) — to hope, hope
希望 (xīwàng) Expresses a desire for something desirable but uncertain, similar to "I hope that..." Key contrast: 希望 is used for things you hope may happen (uncertain outcome), while 想 expresses wanting something or missing someone. Meanings [verb] To hope (that something will happen). [noun] Hope, aspiration. Example Sentences 我希望你一切都好。 Wǒ xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. I hope everything is going well for you. 她希望明年去中国留学。 Tā xīwàng míngnián qù Zhōngguó...
班 (bān) — class / shift
班 (bān) 班 primarily means a class of students or a work shift. It is also used as a measure word for scheduled transport departures and as part of compound words related to work schedules. Meanings [noun] Class; classroom group of students. [noun] Work shift; duty period. [measure word] Scheduled trip or service (for buses, planes, trains). Example Sentences 我们班一共有三十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yīgòng yǒu sānshí gè xuésheng. Our class has...
数据库 (shùjùkù) — database
数据库 (shùjùkù) An organized, structured repository of data stored electronically, designed for efficient retrieval, management, and updating -- the backbone of modern software systems. Meanings [noun] database Example Sentences 这家医院建立了一个全国联网的患者数据库。 Zhè jiā yīyuàn jiànlìle yī gè quánguó liánwǎng de huànzhě shùjùkù. This hospital has established a nationally networked patient database. 工程师需要定期备份数据库以防止数据丢失。 Gōngchéngshī xūyào dìngqī bèifèn shùjùkù yǐ fángzhǐ shùjù diūshī. Engineers need to regularly back up the database to prevent...
以致 (yǐzhì) — as a result; so that; causing
以致 (yǐzhì) 以致 is a formal conjunction that introduces a negative or undesirable consequence that was caused by the preceding action or situation, equivalent to "as a result," "causing," or "so that." Meanings [conjunction] as a result; causing; so that (introduces a negative consequence or undesirable outcome) Example Sentences 他长期忽视身体健康，以致病情愈发严重，最终不得不住院治疗。 Tā chángqī hūshì shēntǐ jiànkāng, yǐzhì bìngqíng yùfā yánzhòng, zuìzhōng bùdébù zhùyuàn zhìliáo. He neglected his health for a long...
激励 (jīlì) — Motivate, encourage, inspire
激励 (jīlì) 激励 means to motivate, inspire, or encourage someone to strive harder -- it implies an active push that fires up a person's determination and enthusiasm to achieve goals. Meanings [verb] to motivate; to inspire; to encourage; to spur on [noun] motivation; incentive; inspiration Example Sentences 老师的一番话深深地激励了学生们努力追求梦想。 Lǎoshī de yī fān huà shēnshēn de jīlìle xuéshēngmen nǔlì zhuīqiú mèngxiǎng. The teacher's words deeply motivated the students to pursue their...
给 (gěi) — to give; for (someone)
给 (gěi) 给 means "to give" as a main verb and "for" or "to" as a preposition indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action. Meanings [verb] To give; to hand over (something to someone). [preposition] For; to (indicating the recipient before the main verb). Example Sentences 我给你一本书。 Wǒ gěi nǐ yī běn shū. I give you a book. 妈妈给我做了饭。 Māma gěi wǒ zuò le fàn. Mom made food for...
比 (bǐ) — than; to compare
比 (bǐ) 比 is the core comparison word in Chinese. The standard structure is A + 比 + B + adjective, meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." A key rule: you cannot add 更 (gèng) or 非常 (fēicháng) after the adjective in the same sentence with 比. Use a specific amount or simply the plain adjective instead. Meanings [preposition] Than. Introduces the second term in a comparison. [verb] To...
饺子 (jiǎozi) — dumpling
饺子 (jiǎozi) 饺子 are traditional Chinese dumplings made of thin dough wrappers filled with minced meat and vegetables. They are folded and then boiled, steamed, or pan-fried. Eating dumplings is a central tradition during Chinese New Year and family gatherings. The measure word is 个 (gè) or 只 (zhī). Meanings [noun] Dumpling; jiaozi (a stuffed dough wrapper, usually boiled or pan-fried). Example Sentences 我最喜欢吃妈妈包的饺子。 Wǒ zuì xǐhuān chī māma bāo...
眼睛 (yǎnjing) — eyes
眼睛 (yǎnjing) 眼睛 means eyes. It refers to the organs of vision on the face. Note that 睛 is pronounced in the neutral tone (jing, not jīng) in this compound. Meanings [noun] Eyes; the organs of sight. Example Sentences 她的眼睛很大很漂亮。 Tā de yǎnjing hěn dà hěn piàoliang. Her eyes are very big and beautiful. 我的眼睛有点儿不舒服。 Wǒ de yǎnjing yǒudiǎnr bù shūfu. My eyes feel a little uncomfortable. 请闭上眼睛，放松一下。 Qǐng bìshang...
批判 (pīpàn) — to criticize, to critique
批判 (pīpàn) 批判 means to criticize or critique, especially in a thorough, principled, or ideological manner. It implies a deeper, more systematic form of criticism than 批评 (pīpíng), often targeting fundamental flaws in thinking, ideology, or systems. In academic contexts, it translates as "critique" and carries the analytical weight of critical theory. In political contexts, it can mean denunciation. Meanings [v] to criticize fundamentally; to subject to critique [v] to...
经验 (jīngyàn) — experience
经验 (jīngyàn) 经验 refers to knowledge, skill, or insight gained through direct participation or practice over time. It emphasises practical, lived experience rather than theoretical knowledge. Meanings [noun] experience; practical knowledge; know-how gained through practice Example Sentences 这位老师有二十年的课堂教学经验，深受学生喜爱。 Zhè wèi lǎoshī yǒu èrshí nián de kètáng jiāoxué jīngyàn, shēn shòu xuéshēng xǐài. This teacher has twenty years of classroom teaching experience and is deeply loved by students. 失败也是一种宝贵的经验，能让我们从中学到教训。 Shībài yě...
食材 (shícái) — ingredient, foodstuff
食材 (shícái) 食材 refers to the raw ingredients or foodstuffs used in preparing a meal. It is a common word in everyday cooking contexts. Meanings noun ingredient, foodstuff (raw material used in cooking) Example Sentences 新鲜的食材是做好菜的关键。 Xīnxiān de shícái shì zuò hǎo cài de guānjiàn. Fresh ingredients are the key to cooking a good dish. 他去市场买了很多食材。 Tā qù shìchǎng mǎile hěn duō shícái. He went to the market and bought...
诞生 (dànshēng) — to be born; birth
诞生 (dànshēng) 诞生 means to come into being or to be born, and is used for both the birth of notable people and, more commonly, the emergence or creation of significant things such as institutions, technologies, works of art, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to be born; to come into existence; to emerge [noun] birth; emergence; inception Example Sentences 这家公司诞生于车库，如今已成为行业巨头。 Zhè jiā gōngsī dànshēng yú chēkù, rújīn yǐ chéngle hángyè jùtóu....
同时 (tóngshí) — at the same time; simultaneously
同时 (tóngshí) 同时 means at the same time or simultaneously, and is also used as a conjunction to add supplementary information or a parallel point. Meanings [adverb] at the same time, simultaneously [conjunction] at the same time, moreover, in addition (linking two simultaneous facts) Example Sentences 他同时做好几件事，效率非常高。 Tā tóngshí zuò hǎo jǐ jiàn shì, xiàolǜ fēicháng gāo. He does several things at the same time with very high efficiency. 这个方案既节省时间，同时也降低了成本。...
经验 (jīngyàn) — experience
经验 (jīngyàn) 经验 refers to experience gained through practice, repeated activity, or life events, as opposed to theoretical knowledge. Meanings [noun] experience, practical knowledge gained from doing something Example Sentences 他有多年的工作经验。 Tā yǒu duō nián de gōngzuò jīngyàn. He has many years of work experience. 这次旅行给了我很多宝贵的经验。 Zhè cì lǚxíng gěi le wǒ hěn duō bǎoguì de jīngyàn. This trip gave me a lot of valuable experience. 缺乏经验的人容易犯错。 Quēfá jīngyàn de...
资金 (zījīn) — funds; capital; funding
资金 (zījīn) 资金 means "funds," "capital," or "funding" and refers to money available or allocated for a specific purpose such as investment, a project, or running an organization. Meanings [noun] funds; capital; financial resources; funding Example Sentences 公司正在寻求新的投资资金。 Gōngsī zhèngzài xúnqiú xīn de tóuzī zījīn. The company is seeking new investment funds. 这个项目需要大量资金支持。 Zhège xiàngmù xūyào dàliàng zījīn zhīchí. This project needs substantial funding support. 政府为小企业提供了专项资金。 Zhèngfǔ wèi xiǎo qǐyè...
发烧 (fā shāo) — to have a fever
发烧 (fā shāo) 发烧 literally combines 发 (to emit) and 烧 (to burn), describing the body emitting burning heat, that is, having a fever. It is a common verb-object compound used when someone's temperature is elevated. Meanings [verb] To have a fever; to run a temperature. Example Sentences 孩子发烧了，要去看医生。 Háizi fā shāo le, yào qù kàn yīshēng. The child has a fever and needs to see a doctor. 我昨天发烧，今天好多了。 Wǒ...
能力 (nénglì) — ability; capability
能力 (nénglì) 能力 refers to the power, skill, or capacity to do something. It covers both innate abilities and developed competencies, and is one of the most frequently used nouns in formal Chinese across education, business, and policy contexts. Meanings [noun] ability; capability; capacity; competence Example Sentences 批判性思维能力是大学教育最应该培养的核心能力之一。 Pīpàn xìng sīwéi nénglì shì dàxué jiàoyù zuì yīnggāi péiyǎng de héxīn nénglì zhī yī. Critical thinking ability is one of the...
对于 (duìyú) — regarding; with respect to; as for
对于 (duìyú) 对于 is a preposition that introduces the topic or target of a statement, meaning "regarding," "with respect to," or "as for." Meanings [preposition] Regarding; with respect to; as for (marks the subject matter of a comment or attitude). Example Sentences 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。 Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu bùtóng de kànfǎ. Regarding this problem, I have a different opinion. 对于学生来说，时间管理非常重要。 Duìyú xuésheng lái shuō, shíjiān guǎnlǐ fēicháng zhòngyào. For students,...
能力 (nénglì) — ability; capability; capacity
能力 (nénglì) 能力 refers to the power, skill, or capacity that enables a person or thing to do or achieve something. Meanings [noun] Ability; capability; capacity; competence. Example Sentences 她有很强的组织能力。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de zǔzhī nénglì. She has very strong organizational ability. 提高语言能力需要大量练习。 Tígāo yǔyán nénglì xūyào dàliàng liànxí. Improving language ability requires a great deal of practice. 这个任务超出了他的能力范围。 Zhège rènwù chāochū le tā de nénglì fànwéi. This task...
民主的 (mínzhǔ de) — democratic
民主的 (mínzhǔ de) 民主的 is the adjective form of 民主, describing something characterized by democratic principles such as equal participation, free elections, and protection of rights. It modifies nouns directly in Chinese. Meanings [adj] democratic; of or relating to democracy; characterized by equal participation Example Sentences 民主的选举制度是现代政治的基础。 Mínzhǔ de xuǎnjǔ zhìdù shì xiàndài zhèngzhì de jīchǔ. A democratic electoral system is the foundation of modern politics. 这家公司采取了民主的管理方式，鼓励员工发表意见。 Zhè jiā gōngsī...
适应 (shìyìng) — to adapt; to adjust to
适应 (shìyìng) 适应 means to adapt or adjust to new circumstances, environments, or demands, and is used across biological, psychological, social, and professional contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to adapt to; to adjust to; to become accustomed to [verb] to suit; to be adapted for (of a thing fitting a condition) Example Sentences 刚来到新城市时，他花了几个月才适应当地的生活方式。 Gāng láidào xīn chéngshì shí, tā huāle jǐ gè yuè cái shìyìng dāngdì de shēnghuó...
演员 (yǎnyuán) — actor / performer
演员 (yǎnyuán) 演员 means actor, actress, or performer. It refers to anyone who performs on stage, in films, or on television. 演 means to perform or act, and 员 means a member or person in a role. It is gender-neutral in Chinese. Meanings [noun] Actor; actress; performer; a person who performs in plays, films, or shows. Example Sentences 她是一位非常有名的演员。 Tā shì yī wèi fēicháng yǒumíng de yǎnyuán. She is a...
申请 (shēnqǐng) — to apply for; application
申请 (shēnqǐng) 申请 means to formally apply for something such as a job, visa, or admission, or it refers to the application itself as a noun. Meanings [verb] to apply for; to formally request something through an official process [noun] application; a formal request submitted to an authority Example Sentences 我申请了一所美国大学的研究生项目。 Wǒ shēnqǐng le yī suǒ měiguó dàxué de yánjiūshēng xiàngmù. I applied to a graduate program at an American...
参考 (cānkǎo) — to refer to; to consult; reference
参考 (cānkǎo) 参考 means to look at or consult something as a source of information or guidance, without necessarily copying it directly. Meanings [verb] To refer to, to consult, to take as a reference. [noun] Reference, source material. Example Sentences 写报告之前，她参考了大量国内外的相关文献。 Xiě bàogào zhīqián, tā cānkǎo le dàliàng guónèi wài de xiāngguān wénxiàn. Before writing the report, she consulted a large number of relevant domestic and foreign documents. 这份数据仅供参考，不能作为最终决策的依据。 Zhè...
提高 (tígāo) — to improve
提高 (tígāo) 提高 means to raise or improve something, particularly a skill level, quality, standard, or performance. It implies deliberate upward movement. Meanings [verb] To improve; to raise; to enhance; to elevate. Example Sentences 我想提高我的汉语水平。 Wǒ xiǎng tígāo wǒ de Hànyǔ shuǐpíng. I want to improve my Chinese level. 多练习可以提高你的口语。 Duō liànxí kěyǐ tígāo nǐ de kǒuyǔ. More practice can improve your spoken Chinese. 工厂努力提高产品质量。 Gōngchǎng nǔlì tígāo chǎnpǐn zhìliàng....
表示 (biǎoshì) — to express / to indicate
表示 (biǎoshì) 表示 means to express or indicate. It is used when conveying emotions, opinions, or meanings, whether through words, gestures, or symbols. It is more formal and deliberate than simply 说 (to say). Meanings [verb] To express; to show; to convey (feelings, attitudes, opinions). [verb] To indicate; to mean; to represent; to signify. Example Sentences 他向我表示了感谢。 Tā xiàng wǒ biǎoshì le gǎnxiè. He expressed his thanks to me. 她点头表示同意。...
新鲜 (xīnxiān) — fresh
新鲜 (xīnxiān) 新鲜 describes food or produce that is recently harvested, prepared, or obtained, and therefore not spoiled or stale. It can also describe fresh air, a new idea, or a novel experience. Meanings adjective fresh (recently produced and not spoiled; also new, novel, or invigorating) Example Sentences 市场上的蔬菜都很新鲜。 Shìchǎng shàng de shūcài dōu hěn xīnxiān. The vegetables at the market are all very fresh. 早上呼吸新鲜空气对身体有好处。 Zǎoshang hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì...
算法 (suànfǎ) — algorithm
算法 (suànfǎ) 算法 refers to a step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task, fundamental to computer science, mathematics, and artificial intelligence. Meanings [noun] algorithm; a defined procedure for solving a problem or making calculations Example Sentences 推荐算法根据用户的浏览历史来推送个性化内容。 Tuījiàn suànfǎ gēnjù yònghù de liúlǎn lìshǐ lái tuīsòng gèxìnghuà nèiróng. Recommendation algorithms push personalized content based on users' browsing history. 人工智能系统的核心是复杂的机器学习算法。 Réngōng zhìnéng xìtǒng de héxīn shì...
西瓜 (xīguā) — watermelon
西瓜 (xīguā) Watermelon, one of the most beloved summer fruits in China. 西 means "west" and 瓜 means "melon" or "gourd." Watermelons were introduced to China from the west along the Silk Road, giving the fruit its name. Meanings [noun] Watermelon. A large round fruit with green skin, red flesh, and high water content. Example Sentences 夏天我喜欢吃西瓜。 Xiàtiān wǒ xǐhuān chī xīguā. I like to eat watermelon in summer. 这个西瓜很甜。...
懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how
懂 (dǒng) 懂 means to understand in the sense of having internalized knowledge or a skill. It is used for languages, subjects, and areas of expertise. Compare with 明白 (míngbai), which means to understand a specific explanation or situation and become clear on it. Use 懂 for skills and domains; use 明白 when something "clicks" in context. Meanings [verb] To understand; to know how; to be knowledgeable about. Implies a...
喜欢 (xǐhuān) — to like, to enjoy
喜欢 (xǐhuān) 喜欢 means to like or to enjoy. It expresses a preference or fondness and is used before nouns (things you like) and before verbs (activities you enjoy doing). Meanings [verb] To like, to be fond of. [verb] To enjoy doing something (followed by another verb). Example Sentences 我很喜欢中国菜。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài. I really like Chinese food. 你喜欢做什么？ Nǐ xǐhuān zuò shénme? What do you like to...
爬山 (páshān) — to climb a mountain, hiking
爬山 (páshān) 爬山 means to climb a mountain or go hiking. 爬 means to crawl or climb and 山 means mountain. It is a verb-object phrase and a popular leisure activity in China. Meanings [verb phrase] To climb a mountain, to go hiking. Example Sentences 周末我们去爬山吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù páshān ba. Let's go hiking this weekend. 他喜欢爬山，每个月都去一次。 Tā xǐhuān páshān, měi gè yuè dōu qù yī cì. He likes hiking...
环境 (huánjìng) — environment
环境 (huánjìng) 环境 refers to the surrounding environment or conditions — physical surroundings, natural ecology, or the social/working context in which someone lives or operates. Meanings [noun] Environment; surroundings; setting; conditions. Example Sentences 我们应该保护环境。 Wǒmen yīnggāi bǎohù huánjìng. We should protect the environment. 这里的学习环境很好。 Zhèlǐ de xuéxí huánjìng hěn hǎo. The study environment here is very good. 城市环境越来越好了。 Chéngshì huánjìng yuè lái yuè hǎo le. The urban environment is getting...
哪 (nǎ) — which
哪 (nǎ) An interrogative determiner and pronoun used to ask "which" when choosing among two or more options; it pairs with a measure word before a noun, exactly like 这 and 那. Meanings [determiner] Which (before a measure word and noun: 哪 + measure word + noun). [pronoun] Which one (used alone). Example Sentences 你喜欢哪个颜色？ Nǐ xǐhuan nǎge yánsè? Which color do you like? 你是哪国人？ Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?...
标准 (biāozhǔn) — standard; criterion; up to standard
标准 (biāozhǔn) 标准 refers to a standard, criterion, or benchmark used to evaluate whether something meets a required level. As an adjective it means "standard" or "up to standard." It is used in quality control, language learning, and all situations where norms need to be established. Meanings [noun] Standard; criterion; benchmark; norm. [adjective] Standard; up to standard; correct. Example Sentences 这家工厂生产的产品完全符合国家质量标准。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shēngchǎn de chǎnpǐn wánquán fúhé guójiā...
弟弟 (dìdi) — younger brother
弟弟 (dìdi) 弟弟 means younger brother. It refers specifically to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger brother, little brother. Example Sentences 我弟弟今年八岁。 Wǒ dìdi jīnnián bā suì. My younger brother is eight years old this year. 弟弟喜欢玩游戏。 Dìdi xǐhuān wán yóuxì. My younger brother likes to play games. 你有弟弟吗？ Nǐ yǒu dìdi ma? Do you have a younger brother? 我要照顾好我的弟弟。 Wǒ yào zhàogù hǎo...
标准 (biāozhǔn) — standard, criterion
标准 (biāozhǔn) An established benchmark, norm, or criterion that serves as a reference for quality, behavior, or measurement -- also used as an adjective meaning "standard" or "normal." Meanings [noun] standard, criterion, benchmark, norm [adjective] standard, orthodox, correct (as in standard Mandarin pronunciation) Example Sentences 她的普通话发音非常标准，让外国学生十分羡慕。 Tā de pǔtōnghuà fāyīn fēicháng biāozhǔn, ràng wàiguó xuéshēng shífēn xiànmù. Her Mandarin pronunciation is very standard, making foreign students very envious. 这款产品必须符合国家质量标准才能上市销售。 Zhè...
多样化 (duōyànghuà) — diversification, to diversify
多样化 (duōyànghuà) 多样化 describes the process of becoming or making something more diverse and varied, encompassing a broader range of forms, options, or approaches than before. Meanings [verb] to diversify, to become more varied and diverse [noun/adjective] diversification; diversified, varied Example Sentences 消费者需求的多样化促使企业不断开发新产品。 Xiāofèi zhě xūqiú de duōyàng huà cùshǐ qǐyè bùduàn kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn. The diversification of consumer demand has prompted companies to continuously develop new products. 现代社会中，人们的生活方式日趋多样化。 Xiàndài...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel, to think (subjectively)
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling or personal impression. It is used when your opinion comes from how something feels to you rather than from logic. Key contrast: 认为 (rènwéi) is used for reasoned, formal opinions, while 觉得 is feeling-based and personal. Meanings [verb] To feel (physically or emotionally). [verb] To think, to find (expressing a personal impression). Example Sentences 我觉得这道菜很好吃。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī. I...
实施 (shíshī) — to implement; to carry out
实施 (shíshī) To implement or carry out means to put a plan, policy, decision, or law into actual practice or effect. Meanings [verb] to implement; to carry out; to put into effect; to execute (a plan or policy) Example Sentences 新的环保法规将于明年开始实施。 Xīn de huánbǎo fǎguī jiāng yú míngnián kāishǐ shíshī. The new environmental regulations will come into effect next year. 政府决定实施一系列经济刺激措施。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng shíshī yī xìliè jīngjì cìjī cuòshī. The...
消费 (xiāofèi) — Consume, consumption
消费 (xiāofèi) 消费 refers to the use of goods, services, or resources, especially in an economic context where money is spent. It is a key concept in economics and daily life. Meanings [verb] to consume; to spend money on goods or services [noun] consumption; consumer spending Example Sentences 国内消费的增长对经济发展起着重要作用。 Guónèi xiāofèi de zēngzhǎng duì jīngjì fāzhǎn qǐzhe zhòngyào zuòyòng. The growth of domestic consumption plays an important role in economic...
日 (rì) — day; sun
日 (rì) The word for both "day" and "sun"; in dates, 日 is the formal written form for a day of the month (especially in official documents), while 号 (hào) is the colloquial spoken equivalent. Both mean the same thing in dates. Meanings [noun] Day (of the month, formal: 三月十日 = March 10th). [noun] Sun (the celestial body; in compounds: 日出 = sunrise, 日落 = sunset). [noun] Day, daytime (in...
研发 (yánfā) — research and development
研发 (yánfā) 研发 is the abbreviation of 研究与开发 (research and development), and refers to the systematic activity of researching and developing new technologies, products, or processes. Meanings [verb] to research and develop (a technology or product) [noun] research and development; R&D Example Sentences 该公司每年将营业额的15%投入研发。 Gāi gōngsī měi nián jiāng yíngyè é de 15% tóurù yánfā. The company invests 15% of its annual revenue into R&D. 这款新药历经十年研发，终于获批上市。 Zhè kuǎn xīn yào...
实施 (shíshī) — to implement; to carry out
实施 (shíshī) 实施 means to implement or put into effect a plan, policy, law, or measure. It is a formal verb that emphasizes the transition from planning to action. It is commonly used in government, legal, business, and project management contexts. Meanings [verb] To implement; to carry out; to put into effect; to execute. Example Sentences 新法规将于下个季度正式实施。 Xīn fǎguī jiāng yú xià gè jìdù zhèngshì shíshī. The new regulations will...
民生 (mínshēng) — People's livelihood, public welfare
民生 (mínshēng) 民生 refers to the material and social welfare of ordinary citizens, encompassing employment, housing, healthcare, and education -- the basic conditions of people's daily lives. Meanings [noun] people's livelihood; public welfare; the living conditions of ordinary citizens Example Sentences 政府把改善民生列为首要任务。 Zhèngfǔ bǎ gǎishàn mínshēng liè wéi shǒuyào rènwù. The government listed improving people's livelihood as its top priority. 民生问题直接关系到社会的稳定。 Mínshēng wèntí zhíjiē guānxì dào shèhuì de wěndìng. Issues...
周期 (zhōuqī) — cycle; period
周期 (zhōuqī) 周期 refers to a cycle or period, a sequence of events that repeats regularly or a defined span of time for a process. Meanings [noun] a cycle, recurring period, or time span in a process Example Sentences 经济发展有其固定的周期。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn yǒu qí gùdìng de zhōuqī. Economic development has its own fixed cycles. 这个项目的完成周期大约是六个月。 Zhège xiàngmù de wánchéng zhōuqī dàyuē shì liù gè yuè. The completion period for this...
您好 (nín hǎo) — hello (formal/respectful)
您好 (nín hǎo) 您好 is the formal and respectful version of 你好. It is used when greeting elders, teachers, bosses, clients, or anyone to whom you wish to show deference. Meanings [phrase] Hello (formal/respectful). A polite greeting used toward people of higher status or those deserving respect. Example Sentences 王老师，您好！ Wáng lǎoshī, nín hǎo! Hello, Teacher Wang! 您好，我可以帮您吗？ Nín hǎo, wǒ kěyǐ bāng nín ma? Hello, may I help you?...
篇 (piān) — piece of writing; article (measure word)
篇 (piān) 篇 is the measure word for complete pieces of written work: articles, essays, compositions, reports, and chapters. Use it when the writing is a whole, finished piece rather than a fragment. It is the right choice for 作文 (composition), 文章 (article), 日记 (diary entry), and 报告 (report). Meanings [mw] Piece; article — counts a complete written or composed work. [mw] Essay; composition — specifically for student writing or...
冲突 (chōngtū) — conflict, clash
冲突 (chōngtū) 冲突 refers to a clash, disagreement, or collision between opposing forces, interests, values, or people, ranging from personal disputes to international conflicts. Meanings [noun] conflict, clash, confrontation [verb] to conflict with, to clash Example Sentences 两国之间的边境冲突已持续了数月。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān de biānjìng chōngtū yǐ chíxù le shù yuè. The border conflict between the two countries has lasted for several months. 他的个人价值观与公司文化产生了严重冲突。 Tā de gèrén jiàzhíguān yǔ gōngsī wénhuà...
没关系 (méi guānxi) — it's okay; no problem
没关系 (méi guānxi) 没关系 means "it's okay," "no problem," or "never mind." It is the standard reassuring response when someone apologizes to you. Meanings [phrase] It's okay; no problem; don't worry about it; never mind (forgiving or reassuring the other person). Example Sentences A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B: Méi guānxi! A: Sorry! B: It's okay! 没关系，我不介意。 Méi guānxi, wǒ bù jièyì. It's fine, I don't mind. 你迟到了？没关系，我刚到。 Nǐ...
单位 (dānwèi) — work unit; organization
单位 (dānwèi) 单位 commonly refers to one's work unit or employer organization in China, and can also mean a unit of measurement. Meanings [noun] work unit; organization; employer [noun] unit (of measurement) Example Sentences 他的单位在市中心。 Tā de dānwèi zài shì zhōngxīn. His workplace is in the city center. 你在哪个单位工作？ Nǐ zài nǎge dānwèi gōngzuò? Which organization do you work for? 这道数学题要注意单位的换算。 Zhè dào shùxué tí yào zhùyì dānwèi de huànsuàn....
繁荣 (fánróng) — prosperous; to flourish
繁荣 (fánróng) 繁荣 describes a state of great activity, growth, and prosperity, typically applied to economies, cultures, societies, or markets. It can function as an adjective (thriving, prosperous) or a verb (to make prosper, to flourish). Meanings [adjective] prosperous; thriving; flourishing; booming [verb] to prosper; to flourish; to make something thrive Example Sentences 改革开放政策推动了中国经济的持续繁荣。 Gǎigé kāifàng zhèngcè tuīdòngle Zhōngguó jīngjì de chíxù fánróng. The reform and opening-up policy has driven...
环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù) — Environmental protection
环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù) 环境保护 refers to the actions, policies, and practices aimed at protecting the natural environment from degradation and harm caused by human activities. Meanings [noun phrase] environmental protection; conservation of the natural environment Example Sentences 环境保护是全人类共同面临的重大责任。 Huánjìng bǎohù shì quán rénlèi gòngtóng miànlín de zhòngdà zérèn. Environmental protection is a major responsibility shared by all of humanity. 政府出台了一系列法规，以加强环境保护工作。 Zhèngfǔ chūtáile yī xìliè fǎguī, yǐ jiāqiáng huánjìng bǎohù gōngzuò....
凝练 (nínliàn) — to distill; refined and concise
凝练 (nínliàn) 凝练 describes language or expression that is both concise and dense with meaning — each word carrying concentrated depth. As a verb, it means to distill or condense ideas into compact form. As an adjective, it describes writing that is not merely brief but rich with compressed meaning. It is a high praise in Chinese literary criticism, suggesting both economy and profundity. Meanings [adj] concise and profound; refined...
特别 (tèbié) — especially; particularly; special
特别 (tèbié) 特别 serves as both an intensifying adverb (especially, particularly — stronger than 很) and a descriptive adjective (special, unusual). As an adverb it sits before adjectives or verbs: 特别好吃 (especially delicious). As an adjective it describes things that stand out from the norm: 这很特别 (this is special/unusual). Meanings [adv] Especially; particularly — an intensifier stronger than 非常, implying something exceeds expectations. [adj] Special; unique; extraordinary — different from...
没必要 (méi bìyào) — no need / unnecessary
没必要 (méi bìyào) 没必要 expresses that something is unnecessary or that there is no need to do a particular thing. Meanings [phrase] there is no need; it is unnecessary; no need to Example Sentences 没必要那么担心。 Méi bìyào nàme dānxīn. There is no need to worry so much. 这件事没必要告诉所有人。 Zhè jiàn shì méi bìyào gàosù suǒyǒu rén. There is no need to tell everyone about this matter. 你没必要亲自来，发邮件就可以了。 Nǐ méi bìyào...
学会 (xuéhuì) — Learn to
学会 (xuéhuì) 学会 means to have learned something to the point of mastery, indicating that a skill has been successfully acquired. Meanings [verb] to learn to; to master; to acquire a skill through learning Example Sentences 他三个月就学会了开车。 Tā sān gè yuè jiù xuéhuìle kāi chē. He learned to drive in just three months. 你学会这首歌了吗？ Nǐ xuéhuì zhè shǒu gē le ma? Have you learned this song yet? 学会倾听是一种非常重要的能力。 Xuéhuì qīngtīng...
证据 (zhèngjù) — evidence; proof
证据 (zhèngjù) 证据 refers to concrete evidence or proof that establishes facts in legal, scientific, or argumentative contexts, and is an essential term in law, journalism, and academic reasoning. Meanings [noun] evidence; proof; supporting material Example Sentences 检察官向法庭提交了大量证据。 Jiǎncháguān xiàng fǎtíng tíjiāo le dàliàng zhèngjù. The prosecutor submitted a large amount of evidence to the court. 没有证据，就不能随意指控他人。 Méiyǒu zhèngjù, jiù bù néng suíyì zhǐkòng tārén. Without evidence, you cannot accuse...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important; significant
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 describes something that carries great weight, consequence, or significance. Meanings [adjective] Important; significant; crucial. Example Sentences 健康是最重要的事情。 Jiànkāng shì zuì zhòngyào de shìqíng. Health is the most important thing. 这次会议非常重要，请不要缺席。 Zhè cì huìyì fēicháng zhòngyào, qǐng bùyào quēxí. This meeting is very important; please do not be absent. 学好外语对未来很重要。 Xué hǎo wàiyǔ duì wèilái hěn zhòngyào. Learning a foreign language well is very important for the future....
参考 (cānkǎo) — to refer to; reference
参考 (cānkǎo) 参考 means to consult or refer to something for information or guidance, and can also be used as a noun meaning reference material. Meanings [verb] to refer to; to consult; to take as reference [noun] reference; consultation Example Sentences 写论文时要参考很多资料。 Xiě lùnwén shí yào cānkǎo hěn duō zīliào. When writing a paper, you need to refer to many sources. 这只是供参考，不一定完全正确。 Zhè zhǐshì gōng cānkǎo, bù yīdìng wánquán zhèngquè....
医生 (yīshēng) — doctor
医生 (yīshēng) A noun meaning doctor or physician. It combines 医 (medicine, heal) and 生 (person). In Chinese, 医生 is the general word for a medical doctor, used across all specialties. Meanings [noun] Doctor, physician, medical professional. Example Sentences 我想当一名医生，帮助病人。 Wǒ xiǎng dāng yī míng yīshēng, bāngzhù bìngrén. I want to become a doctor and help patients. 你不舒服吗？去看医生吧。 Nǐ bù shūfu ma? Qù kàn yīshēng ba. Are you feeling unwell?...
提供 (tígōng) — to provide; to offer; to supply
提供 (tígōng) 提供 means to provide, supply, or offer something to someone. It emphasizes the act of making a resource, service, or information available to someone who needs it. It is used in formal and informal contexts alike. Meanings [verb] To provide; to supply; to offer; to furnish. Example Sentences 公司为员工提供免费的健康体检服务。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōng miǎnfèi de jiànkāng tǐjiǎn fúwù. The company provides free health check-up services for its employees....
表示 (biǎoshì) — to indicate; to express; to show
表示 (biǎoshì) 表示 means to express, indicate, or show something through words, actions, or symbols. It is used when conveying attitudes, emotions, opinions, or when one thing represents or symbolizes another. Meanings [verb] To indicate; to express; to show; to mean; to signify. Example Sentences 她微笑着表示对这个决定的支持。 Tā wēixiào zhe biǎoshì duì zhège juédìng de zhīchí. She smiled to express her support for this decision. 红灯表示禁止通行，绿灯表示可以通行。 Hóngdēng biǎoshì jìnzhǐ tōngxíng, lǜdēng...
焦虑 (jiāolǜ) — Anxiety, anxious
焦虑 (jiāolǜ) 焦虑 describes the emotional state of anxiety, worry, and unease -- a persistent feeling of apprehension about uncertain outcomes or future events. Meanings [noun] anxiety; worry; apprehension [adj] anxious; worried; uneasy Example Sentences 考试前夕，很多学生都会感到焦虑。 Kǎoshì qiányè, hěn duō xuéshēng dōu huì gǎndào jiāolǜ. On the eve of an exam, many students feel anxious. 长期的工作压力让她产生了严重的焦虑情绪。 Chángqī de gōngzuò yālì ràng tā chǎnshēngle yánzhòng de jiāolǜ qíngxù. Long-term work pressure...
缝合 (féngé) — to suture, to stitch up
缝合 (féngé) 缝合 is the technical surgical term for suturing — the process of closing wounds, incisions, or anatomical structures using suture material, staples, or other closure devices. At C2 level, it encompasses both the mechanical act and the clinical judgment involved in selecting suture technique, material type, and layer-by-layer closure strategy. It appears in operative reports, surgical training curricula, and wound management protocols. Meanings verb to suture; to close...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should; ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) 应该 is a modal verb expressing what one ought to do, what is expected, or what is proper under the circumstances. Meanings [modal verb] should; ought to; be supposed to Example Sentences 你应该多喝水，这对身体好。 Nǐ yīnggāi duō hē shuǐ, zhè duì shēntǐ hǎo. You should drink more water; it is good for your health. 学生应该按时完成作业。 Xuésheng yīnggāi ànshí wánchéng zuòyè. Students should complete their homework on time. 这件事你应该告诉老师。 Zhè...
稳定 (wěndìng) — stable; steady; to stabilize
稳定 (wěndìng) 稳定 means stable or steady as an adjective, or to stabilize something as a verb, describing a state of balance and consistency. Meanings [adjective] stable; steady; consistent; not subject to sudden change [verb] to stabilize; to make steady or secure Example Sentences 他有一份稳定的工作和收入。 Tā yǒu yī fèn wěndìng de gōngzuò hé shōurù. He has a stable job and income. 政府采取措施稳定市场价格。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ cuòshī wěndìng shìchǎng jiàgé. The government...
完 (wán) — finished, done, to run out
完 (wán) Most commonly used as a result complement after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed. For example, 吃完 means "finished eating," 做完 means "done with the task." It can also stand alone meaning "finished" or "over." Meanings [complement] Completion result complement: the action is finished/done. [verb] To run out, to be finished, to be over. Example Sentences 我已经做完作业了。 Wǒ yǐjīng zuò wán zuòyè le....
稳定 (wěndìng) — stable; to stabilize
稳定 (wěndìng) 稳定 describes a state of being free from significant change, disruption, or fluctuation, and is used extensively in political, economic, social, and scientific contexts. Meanings [adjective] stable; steady; unchanged [verb] to stabilize; to make stable Example Sentences 政治稳定是经济持续发展的重要前提条件。 Zhèngzhì wěndìng shì jīngjì chíxù fāzhǎn de zhòngyào qiántí tiáojiàn. Political stability is an important prerequisite for sustained economic development. 这段时间股市波动较大，尚未恢复稳定。 Zhè duàn shíjiān gǔshì bōdòng jiào dà, shàng wèi...
看见 (kàn jiàn) — to see; to catch sight of
看见 (kàn jiàn) 看见 is a verb + result complement structure. 看 means "to look/watch" and 见 is the complement meaning "perceive/succeed in seeing." Together they mean the act of looking was successful — you actually saw something. Compare 看 (looking, possibly without result) with 看见 (looked and did see). The negative is 没看见 (didn't see / couldn't see). Meanings [v+comp] See; catch sight of — look and successfully perceive...
哪里 (nǎlǐ) — where
哪里 (nǎlǐ) The standard written form and southern-preferred spoken form of "where," fully interchangeable with 哪儿 (nǎr) in meaning; 哪里 is more common in formal writing, the south, and Taiwan Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] Where (asking about location or destination). [pronoun] Wherever (open or conditional sense). [phrase] "Not at all / you're too kind" (set phrase in response to a compliment). Example Sentences 你想去哪里？ Nǐ xiǎng qù nǎlǐ? Where do you...
市场份额 (shìchǎng fèn'é) — market share
市场份额 (shìchǎng fèn'é) Market share refers to the percentage of a market's total sales or revenue that is earned by a particular company, product, or brand over a specified period. Meanings [noun phrase] market share; the portion of market controlled by a company or product Example Sentences 该公司在智能手机市场的份额已超过30%。 Gāi gōngsī zài zhìnéng shǒujī shìchǎng de fèn'é yǐ chāoguò 30%. The company's share of the smartphone market has exceeded 30%. 两家企业激烈竞争，争夺国内市场份额。...
提 (tí) — to mention; to raise
提 (tí) 提 is a versatile verb meaning to raise, lift, or bring up something, whether physically or in conversation. Meanings [verb] to mention; to bring up (a topic) [verb] to carry (something) by hand; to lift Example Sentences 他提到了一个很有趣的问题。 Tā tídào le yīgè hěn yǒuqù de wèntí. He brought up a very interesting question. 会议上，经理提出了新的计划。 Huìyì shàng, jīnglǐ tíchū le xīn de jìhuà. At the meeting, the manager raised...
文脉 (wénmài) — cultural lineage, textual thread
文脉 (wénmài) 文脉 uses the metaphor of a "vein" (脉) to describe the continuous thread of cultural tradition, the internal coherence of a text, or the living transmission of literary and intellectual heritage. It can refer to the cultural continuity of a civilization, the thematic thread running through a body of work, or the contextual logic of a passage. Meanings [n] cultural lineage, cultural vein (the continuous thread of a...
花 (huā) — flower; to spend (money/time)
花 (huā) 花 has two core uses: as a noun it means flower, and as a verb it means to spend money or time. Context makes the meaning clear. Both uses are common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Flower, blossom. [verb] To spend (money or time). Example Sentences 桌子上有一束花。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yī shù huā. There is a bunch of flowers on the table. 这件衣服花了我很多钱。 Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le...
担心 (dānxīn) — to worry; to be concerned
担心 (dānxīn) 担心 means to worry or to be concerned. It can be followed directly by a noun phrase or a full clause. The subject of the worry and the cause of the worry can be the same or different people. The negative 别担心 (don't worry) is one of the most common uses. Meanings [verb] To worry; to be concerned. Used with a noun phrase: 担心他 (worried about him). Also...
报名 (bàomíng) — to register / sign up
报名 (bàomíng) 报名 means to register or sign up for something, such as a class, exam, competition, or event. 报 means to report or submit, and 名 means name. Together they describe the act of submitting your name to join something. In China, 报名 is used constantly in school, work, and daily life. Students 报名 for HSK exams, athletes 报名 for competitions, and professionals 报名 for training courses. You can...
旁边 (pángbiān) — beside, next to
旁边 (pángbiān) 旁边 means beside or next to. It is a location word (localizer) placed after a noun to indicate the space immediately adjacent to something. Structure: Noun + 旁边. Meanings [noun / localizer] The side, beside, next to. Example Sentences 银行旁边有一家咖啡店。 Yínháng pángbiān yǒu yī jiā kāfēi diàn. There is a café next to the bank. 请坐在我旁边。 Qǐng zuò zài wǒ pángbiān. Please sit beside me. 书包在椅子旁边。 Shūbāo zài...
学生 (xuésheng) — student
学生 (xuésheng) A noun meaning student or pupil. It refers to anyone who is studying, from primary school children to university students. The word combines 学 (learn/study) and 生 (person/life). Meanings [noun] Student, pupil, learner. Example Sentences 我是一名汉语学生。 Wǒ shì yī míng Hànyǔ xuésheng. I am a Chinese language student. 这个班有二十个学生。 Zhège bān yǒu èrshí gè xuésheng. There are twenty students in this class. 学生们都很认真。 Xuéshengmen dōu hěn rènzhēn. All...
被…V了 (bèi...V le) — passive voice construction
被…V了 (bèi...V le) 被…V了 is the standard way to form a passive sentence in Mandarin. 被 introduces the agent (who performed the action), the verb follows, and 了 marks the action as completed. The construction often implies an unwanted or unexpected outcome for the subject. Structure Subject + 被 + (Agent) + Verb + 了 The agent after 被 is optional. When the agent is unknown or unimportant, it may...
污染 (wūrǎn) — Pollution, to pollute
污染 (wūrǎn) 污染 refers to the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the natural environment, and also the act of causing such contamination. Meanings [noun] pollution; contamination [verb] to pollute; to contaminate; to taint Example Sentences 工业排放是城市空气污染的主要原因之一。 Gōngyè páifàng shì chéngshì kōngqì wūrǎn de zhǔyào yuányīn zhī yī. Industrial emissions are one of the main causes of urban air pollution. 河流污染威胁着当地居民的饮用水安全。 Héliú wūrǎn wēixiézhe dāngdì jūmín de yǐnyòng shuǐ...
理由 (lǐyóu) — reason
理由 (lǐyóu) 理由 means reason, grounds, or justification. It refers to the logical basis or motive behind an action, decision, or argument. Meanings [noun] Reason; grounds; justification; basis. Example Sentences 你有什么理由迟到？ Nǐ yǒu shénme lǐyóu chídào? What reason do you have for being late? 他给了我一个很好的理由。 Tā gěi le wǒ yīgè hěn hǎo de lǐyóu. He gave me a very good reason. 我没有理由拒绝他的邀请。 Wǒ méiyǒu lǐyóu jùjué tā de yāoqǐng. I...
不必 (bùbì) — no need to; need not
不必 (bùbì) 不必 is an adverb meaning "no need to" or "it is not necessary to." It tells someone that an action is not required, relieving them of an obligation or effort. Meanings [adverb] no need to; need not; it is unnecessary to (placed before a verb to indicate the action is not required) Usage Note 不必 is similar to 不用 but tends to sound slightly more formal or literary....
经验 (jīngyàn) — experience
经验 (jīngyàn) 经验 refers to practical experience gained by doing or living through something. It differs from 经历 (jīnglì — life experience / personal history) in that 经验 emphasizes the lessons and knowledge gained. Meanings [noun] Experience; practical knowledge; know-how. Example Sentences 他有丰富的工作经验。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de gōngzuò jīngyàn. He has rich work experience. 这次失败让我积累了很多经验。 Zhècì shībài ràng wǒ jīlěi le hěn duō jīngyàn. This failure helped me accumulate a...
材料 (cáiliào) — material; data
材料 (cáiliào) 材料 can refer to physical materials used to make something, or written materials such as data, documents, or reference information. Meanings [noun] material; ingredient; substance used to make something [noun] data; written materials; documents; information Example Sentences 这道菜需要很多材料。 Zhè dào cài xūyào hěn duō cáiliào. This dish requires many ingredients. 请把相关材料发给我。 Qǐng bǎ xiāngguān cáiliào fā gěi wǒ. Please send me the relevant materials. 建造这栋楼用了很多高质量的材料。 Jiànzào zhè dòng...
对于 (duìyú) — regarding / as for
对于 (duìyú) 对于 is a formal preposition meaning regarding, as for, or with respect to. It introduces a topic that the rest of the sentence comments on. It is more formal than 对 and is common in written Chinese and speeches. The topic introduced by 对于 is the frame for the whole statement. Meanings [preposition] Regarding; as for; with respect to; concerning. Example Sentences 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。 Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu...
能力 (nénglì) — ability
能力 (nénglì) 能力 means ability, capability, or capacity. It refers to the power or skill to do something, whether innate or developed through practice. Meanings [noun] Ability; capability; capacity; competence; skill. Example Sentences 他有很强的学习能力。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de xuéxí nénglì. He has very strong learning ability. 这份工作需要很高的能力。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn gāo de nénglì. This job requires a high level of ability. 她的语言能力非常突出。 Tā de yǔyán nénglì fēicháng...
生气 (shēng qì) — to get angry, angry
生气 (shēng qì) Used as a verb meaning to get angry, or as a predicate adjective meaning to be angry. Often followed by 了 to show the anger has arisen, or used with 别 to tell someone not to be angry. Meanings [verb] To get angry, to become upset. [adj] Angry, upset. Example Sentences 他迟到了，老师很生气。 Tā chídào le, lǎoshī hěn shēng qì. He was late and the teacher was very...
哪怕 (nǎpà) — even if; no matter
哪怕 (nǎpà) 哪怕 is a concessive conjunction meaning "even if" or "no matter how," used to express that the outcome in the main clause holds regardless of the condition introduced. Meanings [conjunction] even if; even though; no matter (introduces an extreme concessive condition) Example Sentences 哪怕只有一线希望，我也要坚持下去。 Nǎpà zhǐyǒu yī xiàn xīwàng, wǒ yě yào jiānchí xiàqù. Even if there is only a sliver of hope, I will keep going. 哪怕下大雪，她也会按时来上班。...
濒危 (bīnwēi) — Endangered, on the verge of danger
濒危 (bīnwēi) 濒危 describes a state of being on the verge of a crisis or extinction -- most commonly used for endangered species, but also applicable to languages, cultures, or situations facing imminent collapse. Meanings [adj] endangered; on the brink of extinction; critically threatened Example Sentences 大熊猫曾经是濒危物种，经过多年保护，数量有所回升。 Dàxióngmāo céngjīng shì bīnwēi wùzhǒng, jīngguò duō nián bǎohù, shùliàng yǒu suǒ huíshēng. The giant panda was once an endangered species; after years...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). 季 means a season or quarter and 节 means a festival or juncture. Meanings [noun] Season (of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎge jìjié? Which season do you like most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jìjié. Autumn is my favorite season. 每个季节都有不同的水果。 Měi gè jìjié dōu...
屏幕 (píngmù) — screen
屏幕 (píngmù) 屏幕 refers to the screen or display of any electronic device, including smartphones, computers, tablets, and televisions. It is used in both technical descriptions and casual speech. Meanings [noun] screen; the display surface of an electronic device Example Sentences 手机屏幕碎了，需要换一块。 Shǒujī píngmù suì le, xūyào huàn yī kuài. The phone screen is cracked; it needs to be replaced. 这台电视的屏幕非常清晰。 Zhè tái diànshì de píngmù fēicháng qīngxī. The screen...
右边 (yòubiān) — right side; to the right
右边 (yòubiān) 右边 is a direction noun meaning "the right side." Use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 右边 to express location. It pairs naturally with 左边 (left side) when giving directions or describing spatial layouts. For turning, use 向右 or 往右走. Meanings [n] Right side; the right — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the right — used with 在 to place objects in...
案例 (ànlì) — case, case study
案例 (ànlì) A specific, documented instance or example -- used in legal, medical, academic, or business contexts for analysis, learning, or illustration. Meanings [noun] case, case study, example instance Example Sentences 法学院学生通过分析经典案例来理解法律原则。 Fǎxuéyuàn xuéshēng tōngguò fēnxī jīngdiǎn ànlì lái lǐjiě fǎlǜ yuánzé. Law school students understand legal principles by analyzing classic cases. 这个公司的成功案例被写入了多所商学院的教材。 Zhège gōngsī de chénggōng ànlì bèi xiě rùle duō suǒ shāngxuéyuàn de jiàocái. This company's success story...
大方 (dàfang) — generous; natural and poised
大方 (dàfang) 大方 has two related senses: being generous with money or resources, and behaving in a natural, composed, and graceful manner without shyness. Meanings [adj] generous; open-handed with money or gifts [adj] natural and poised; graceful; composed; not awkward or shy Example Sentences 他非常大方，总是请朋友吃饭。 Tā fēicháng dàfang, zǒng shì qǐng péngyou chīfàn. He is very generous and always treats his friends to meals. 她站在台上举止大方，一点都不紧张。 Tā zhàn zài tái shàng...
老师 (lǎoshī) — teacher
老师 (lǎoshī) 老师 is the standard word for teacher in Chinese and is also used as a respectful form of address for educators at all levels. Meanings [noun] teacher, instructor, educator Example Sentences 她是一位非常受学生喜爱的老师。 Tā shì yī wèi fēicháng shòu xuéshēng xǐ'ài de lǎoshī. She is a teacher who is very well-liked by students. 老师鼓励我们勇于提问。 Lǎoshī gǔlì wǒmen yǒngyú tíwèn. The teacher encourages us to be bold in asking questions....
思路 (sīlù) — train of thought, approach
思路 (sīlù) 思路 literally means "the road of thought" and refers to one's train of thought, the line of reasoning one follows, or a specific approach or angle for tackling a problem. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday intellectual contexts to describe how someone thinks through an issue. Meanings [n] train of thought, line of reasoning [n] approach, way of thinking about a problem Example Sentences 他在发表演讲之前，习惯于用思维导图整理自己的思路。 Tā...
好 (hǎo) — good / well / OK
好 (hǎo) One of the most important and versatile words in Mandarin. As an adjective, 好 means "good" or "fine." As an adverb before a verb or adjective, it means "well" or "very." As a standalone response, 好 means "OK," "sure," or "alright." It also appears in many fixed phrases and compounds. Meanings [adjective] Good, fine, well (describing things or states). [adverb] Well (describing how something is done); very (intensifier...
医疗 (yīliáo) — medical care, healthcare
医疗 (yīliáo) 医疗 refers to the organized system of medical treatment, care, and health services provided by healthcare professionals and institutions. Meanings [noun] medical care, healthcare, medical treatment [adjective] medical (as a modifier in compound terms) Example Sentences 政府承诺提高农村地区的医疗服务水平。 Zhèngfǔ chéngnuò tígāo nóngcūn dìqū de yīliáo fúwù shuǐpíng. The government pledged to improve the level of medical services in rural areas. 先进的医疗技术使许多过去无法治愈的疾病变得可控。 Xiānjìn de yīliáo jìshù shǐ xǔduō guòqù wúfǎ...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is one of the most common adjectives in Chinese, meaning "important" or "significant." It describes anything that carries weight or consequence — a task, a person, a date, a decision. It can modify a noun (重要的事 — an important thing) or follow a verb (很重要 — very important). Meanings [adjective] Important; significant; essential; of great consequence. Example Sentences 健康是最重要的事情。 Jiànkāng shì zuì zhòngyào de shìqíng. Health is...
电脑 (diànnǎo) — computer
电脑 (diànnǎo) A noun meaning computer. It literally means "electric brain," combining 电 (electricity) and 脑 (brain). This is a vivid and memorable compound, and it reflects the way early Chinese speakers imagined computers as thinking machines. Meanings [noun] Computer (desktop, laptop, or any personal computer). Example Sentences 我每天都用电脑工作。 Wǒ měitiān dōu yòng diànnǎo gōngzuò. I use a computer for work every day. 这台电脑很快，新买的。 Zhè tái diànnǎo hěn kuài, xīn...
按照 (ànzhào) — according to
按照 (ànzhào) 按照 means in accordance with or following a specific rule, plan, order, or standard. It describes compliance or conformity with an established guideline. Meanings [preposition] According to; in accordance with; following; as per. Example Sentences 请按照老师的要求完成作业。 Qǐng ànzhào lǎoshī de yāoqiú wánchéng zuòyè. Please complete the homework according to the teacher's requirements. 按照规定，上课不能用手机。 Ànzhào guīdìng, shàngkè bù néng yòng shǒujī. According to the rules, phones cannot be used...
相信 (xiāngxìn) — to believe
相信 (xiāngxìn) 相信 means to believe or to trust. It expresses confidence in the truth of a statement or faith in a person or outcome. Meanings [verb] To believe; to trust; to have faith in. Example Sentences 我相信你说的话。 Wǒ xiāngxìn nǐ shuō de huà. I believe what you said. 你相信他能做到吗？ Nǐ xiāngxìn tā néng zuò dào ma? Do you believe he can do it? 我相信努力一定会有回报。 Wǒ xiāngxìn nǔlì yīdìng huì...
啊 (a) — sentence-final particle
啊 (a) 啊 is a sentence-final particle that changes tone depending on the ending sound of the word before it, and each tone carries a distinct emotional nuance. Tonal Variants and Meanings ā (neutral/flat) Used after a vowel or nasal sound. Expresses a mild response, acknowledgment, or sudden realization. 哦，原来如此啊。 (Oh, so that's how it is.) á (rising) Expresses surprise, disbelief, or a request to repeat. 啊？你说什么？ (What? What did...
今天 (jīntiān) — today
今天 (jīntiān) The word for "today," formed from 今 (jīn, now/present) and 天 (tiān, day/sky); as a time word, it typically appears at the beginning of a sentence or right before the verb, not at the end. Meanings [noun/time word] Today (the current day). Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? How is the weather today? 我今天很累，不想出去。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn lèi, bù xiǎng chūqù. I am very tired today and do...
意思 (yìsi) — meaning; idea
意思 (yìsi) 意思 is an extremely common word used to ask about or explain what something means, or what someone intends. Meanings [noun] meaning; sense (of a word or expression) [noun] idea; intention; what someone means [adjective] interesting (有意思 yǒu yìsi) Example Sentences 这个词是什么意思？ Zhège cí shì shénme yìsi? What is the meaning of this word? 你的意思是说我错了吗？ Nǐ de yìsi shì shuō wǒ cuò le ma? Do you mean to...
考核 (kǎohé) — assessment; to evaluate
考核 (kǎohé) 考核 means to formally assess, evaluate, or appraise someone's performance, qualifications, or results against a set of criteria. It is commonly used for employee performance reviews, academic assessments, and official evaluations. Meanings [verb] to assess; to evaluate; to appraise (performance or qualifications) [noun] assessment; evaluation; appraisal Example Sentences 公司每年对员工进行一次绩效考核，结果与奖金直接挂钩。 Gōngsī měi nián duì yuángōng jìnxíng yī cì jìxiào kǎohé, jiéguǒ yǔ jiǎngjīn zhíjiē guàgōu. The company conducts an...
环境 (huánjìng) — environment; surroundings; setting
环境 (huánjìng) 环境 refers to the physical surroundings of a place, the social setting of a situation, or the natural environment, covering both concrete and abstract contexts. Meanings [noun] Environment; surroundings; setting (the conditions or context around a person or thing). Example Sentences 保护环境是每个人的责任。 Bǎohù huánjìng shì měi gè rén de zérèn. Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. 这里的学习环境非常安静。 Zhèlǐ de xuéxí huánjìng fēicháng ānjìng. The study environment here is...
视角 (shìjiǎo) — perspective, point of view
视角 (shìjiǎo) 视角 literally means "viewing angle" and is used both literally (the angle of a camera lens) and figuratively (a perspective or standpoint). In literary and critical contexts it translates as "point of view" or "narrative perspective." It is more visual and spatial in connotation than 观点 (guāndiǎn), which focuses on opinion, or 立场 (lìchǎng), which emphasizes position or stance. Meanings [n] perspective; point of view; angle of vision...
下午 (xiàwǔ) — afternoon
下午 (xiàwǔ) 下午 means afternoon, the period from noon to roughly early evening. 下 means "below/under" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "after noon." Meanings [noun] Afternoon (approximately 12:00 to 18:00). Example Sentences 下午我去买东西。 Xiàwǔ wǒ qù mǎi dōngxi. In the afternoon I go shopping. 他下午三点来我家。 Tā xiàwǔ sān diǎn lái wǒ jiā. He is coming to my home at three in the afternoon. 今天下午有会议吗？ Jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu...
标准 (biāozhǔn) — standard / criterion
标准 (biāozhǔn) 标准 means standard, criterion, or norm. As a noun it refers to a benchmark or rule used for evaluation. As an adjective it means standardized or proper. 标准答案 is a model answer, and 标准普通话 refers to standard Mandarin pronunciation. Meanings [noun] Standard; criterion; norm; benchmark. [adjective] Standard; standardized; conforming to a norm. Example Sentences 她的普通话发音非常标准。 Tā de Pǔtōnghuà fāyīn fēicháng biāozhǔn. Her Mandarin pronunciation is very standard. 这道题没有标准答案。...
策略 (cèlüè) — strategy; tactic; approach
策略 (cèlüè) 策略 refers to a strategy, tactic, or planned approach used to achieve a specific goal or handle a situation effectively. Meanings [noun] strategy; tactic; approach; a carefully planned method for achieving a goal Example Sentences 公司需要制定新的市场策略。 Gōngsī xūyào zhìdìng xīn de shìchǎng cèlüè. The company needs to develop a new marketing strategy. 在谈判中，掌握正确的策略非常重要。 Zài tánpàn zhōng, zhǎngwò zhèngquè de cèlüè fēicháng zhòngyào. In negotiations, mastering the right tactics...
啤酒 (píjiǔ) — beer
啤酒 (píjiǔ) 啤酒 means beer. 啤 is a phonetic borrowing representing "beer" and 酒 means alcoholic drink. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in China. Meanings [noun] Beer. Example Sentences 你喜欢喝啤酒吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān hē píjiǔ ma? Do you like drinking beer? 我要一瓶啤酒。 Wǒ yào yī píng píjiǔ. I want a bottle of beer. 天热的时候喝冰啤酒很舒服。 Tiān rè de shíhou hē bīng píjiǔ hěn shūfu. Drinking cold beer when it's...
机构 (jīgòu) — institution; organization; agency
机构 (jīgòu) 机构 refers to an institution, organization, or agency, typically a formal body with a specific function or purpose. Meanings [noun] institution; organization; agency; a formal body or establishment Example Sentences 这家研究机构在全国很有名。 Zhè jiā yánjiū jīgòu zài quánguó hěn yǒumíng. This research institution is well known throughout the country. 政府机构需要提高工作效率。 Zhèngfǔ jīgòu xūyào tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ. Government agencies need to improve their work efficiency. 他在一家国际机构工作。 Tā zài yī jiā...
一方面 (yī fāngmiàn) — on one hand
一方面 (yī fāngmiàn) 一方面 is a discourse marker used to introduce one aspect of a situation, typically paired with 另一方面 (lìng yī fāngmiàn) to contrast two perspectives at B2 level. Meanings [conjunction] on one hand; in one respect (introduces the first of two contrasting points) [adverb] from one angle or perspective Example Sentences 一方面，经济发展很重要；另一方面，环境保护也不能忽视。 Yī fāngmiàn, jīngjì fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào; lìng yī fāngmiàn, huánjìng bǎohù yě bù néng hūshì. On...
归纳 (guīnà) — to summarize, to generalize
归纳 (guīnà) 归纳 means to summarize or generalize, particularly by collecting specific instances and drawing general conclusions from them. It corresponds to the logical process of inductive reasoning — moving from particular facts to general principles. It is widely used in academic, scientific, and professional contexts when synthesizing information or drawing conclusions. Meanings [v] to summarize; to compile and organize [v] to generalize; to reason inductively from specific examples Example...
资产 (zīchǎn) — assets; property
资产 (zīchǎn) 资产 refers to anything of value owned by a person, company, or government -- including financial investments, property, and equipment -- and is a foundational term in economics, accounting, and business journalism. Meanings [noun] assets; property; holdings (financial or physical) Example Sentences 这家公司的总资产超过五百亿元。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de zǒng zīchǎn chāoguò wǔ bǎi yì yuán. The company's total assets exceed 50 billion yuan. 资产与负债的平衡是企业财务管理的核心。 Zīchǎn yǔ fùzhài de pínghéng...
口语 (kǒuyǔ) — spoken language
口语 (kǒuyǔ) 口语 refers specifically to spoken language or colloquial speech, as distinguished from written language (书面语). Meanings [noun] spoken language; oral language; colloquial speech [noun] speaking ability; oral proficiency Example Sentences 她的中文口语非常流利。 Tā de Zhōngwén kǒuyǔ fēicháng liúlì. Her spoken Chinese is very fluent. 我需要多练习口语，不只是写字。 Wǒ xūyào duō liànxí kǒuyǔ, bù zhǐshì xiě zì. I need to practice speaking more, not just writing. 这个词在口语中很常用。 Zhège cí zài kǒuyǔ zhōng...
词语 (cíyǔ) — word; phrase; expression
词语 (cíyǔ) 词语 refers to individual words or set phrases in the Chinese language, often used in the context of vocabulary study. Meanings [noun] word; phrase; expression — a unit of vocabulary, including single words and fixed multi-character expressions Example Sentences 这个词语很难记。 Zhège cíyǔ hěn nán jì. This word is hard to remember. 请用这个词语造一个句子。 Qǐng yòng zhège cíyǔ zào yī gè jùzi. Please make a sentence using this word. 学习新词语需要多练习。...
移动 (yídòng) — to move; to shift; mobile
移动 (yídòng) 移动 means to move or shift from one place to another, or describes something as mobile or portable. Meanings [verb] to move; to shift; to change position [adjective] mobile; portable; designed to be moved Example Sentences 请把椅子移动到窗边。 Qǐng bǎ yǐzi yídòng dào chuāng biān. Please move the chair to the window. 移动互联网改变了人们的沟通方式。 Yídòng hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le rénmen de gōutōng fāngshì. Mobile internet has changed the way people communicate....
激进的 (jījìn de) — radical
激进的 (jījìn de) 激进的 describes views, actions, or people that advocate for drastic, rapid, or extreme change -- going far beyond mainstream or moderate positions. It can carry a neutral analytical tone in academic writing or a negative connotation in everyday speech. Meanings [adj] radical; extreme; advocating drastic or rapid change Example Sentences 激进的改革方案可能会引发社会的强烈反对。 Jījìn de gǎigé fāng'àn kěnéng huì yǐnfā shèhuì de qiángliè fǎnduì. Radical reform proposals may trigger...
底线 (dǐxiàn) — bottom line, minimum standard
底线 (dǐxiàn) 底线 literally means "bottom line" and refers to the minimum acceptable standard, threshold, or principle that must not be crossed. It can apply to ethics (moral bottom line), negotiations (minimum acceptable terms), governance (red lines), or personal values. It is widely used in political, diplomatic, legal, and ethical discourse. Meanings [n] bottom line, minimum standard (the lowest acceptable limit) [n] red line, non-negotiable principle (a line that must...
相比之下 (xiāng bǐ zhī xià) — by comparison; in comparison
相比之下 (xiāng bǐ zhī xià) 相比之下 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a comparison, highlighting how one thing differs from another that was previously mentioned. Meanings [phrase] by comparison; in comparison; comparatively speaking Example Sentences 美国的医疗费用非常高昂，相比之下，加拿大的全民医保更为实惠。 Měiguó de yīliáo fèiyòng fēicháng gāo'áng, xiāng bǐ zhī xià, Jiānádà de quánmín yībǎo gèng wéi shíhuì. Medical costs in the United States are very high; by comparison, Canada's universal healthcare is...
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) — sustainable development
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) 可持续发展 is the Chinese term for "sustainable development," referring to growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Meanings [noun phrase] sustainable development (development that balances economic, social, and environmental needs) Example Sentences 可持续发展是当今世界面临的重要课题。 Kě chíxù fāzhǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè miànlín de zhòngyào kètí. Sustainable development is an important issue facing the world today. 联合国提出了17项可持续发展目标。 Liánhéguó tíchū le 17...
再见 (zàijiàn) — goodbye; see you
再见 (zàijiàn) 再见 means "goodbye" or "see you." It is the universal farewell in Mandarin, used when parting from someone regardless of when you expect to meet again. Meanings [phrase] Goodbye; see you; farewell. Example Sentences 再见！明天见！ Zàijiàn! Míngtiān jiàn! Goodbye! See you tomorrow! 老师再见！ Lǎoshī zàijiàn! Goodbye, teacher! A: 再见！ B: 再见！路上小心！ A: Zàijiàn! B: Zàijiàn! Lùshàng xiǎoxīn! A: Goodbye! B: Goodbye! Take care on the way! 时间不早了，我先走了，再见！ Shíjiān...
点 (diǎn) — o'clock; a bit; point
点 (diǎn) 点 is essential for telling time in Chinese. After a number it means "o'clock." It also appears in 一点 (yīdiǎn, "a little") and as a standalone noun meaning "point" or "dot." Meanings [noun/measure word] O'clock (used after a number to state the hour). [noun] A dot, a point. [adverb] A little, a bit (in 一点 or 有点). Example Sentences 现在三点了。 Xiànzài sān diǎn le. It is three o'clock...
明天 (míngtiān) — tomorrow
明天 (míngtiān) 明天 refers to tomorrow, the day after today. It functions as both a time noun and a time adverb, placed before the main verb or at the start of a sentence. Meanings [noun/adverb] Tomorrow, the next day. Example Sentences 明天我有一个重要的会议。 Míngtiān wǒ yǒu yī gè zhòngyào de huìyì. Tomorrow I have an important meeting. 你明天去哪里？ Nǐ míngtiān qù nǎlǐ? Where are you going tomorrow? 明天天气怎么样？ Míngtiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng?...
顺利 (shùnlì) — smooth; without a hitch; successful
顺利 (shùnlì) 顺利 describes a process or event that goes smoothly, without unexpected problems or obstacles. Meanings [adjective] Smooth; without a hitch; going well; successful. Example Sentences 祝你旅途顺利！ Zhù nǐ lǚtú shùnlì! Wishing you a smooth journey! 会议进行得很顺利。 Huìyì jìnxíng de hěn shùnlì. The meeting went very smoothly. 他顺利地通过了面试。 Tā shùnlì de tōngguòle miànshì. He passed the interview without a hitch. 希望你的手术顺利。 Xīwàng nǐ de shǒushù shùnlì. I hope your...
正确 (zhèngquè) — correct
正确 (zhèngquè) 正确 means correct or accurate in the sense of conforming to fact, logic, or established standards. It is more precise than 对 (duì), which also means "correct" but is used more informally. Meanings [adjective] Correct; right; accurate; proper. Example Sentences 你的答案是正确的。 Nǐ de dá'àn shì zhèngquè de. Your answer is correct. 请用正确的方法做这道题。 Qǐng yòng zhèngquè de fāngfǎ zuò zhè dào tí. Please use the correct method to solve...
文学流派 (wénxué liúpài) — literary movement, school
文学流派 (wénxué liúpài) 文学流派 refers to a school or movement in literature defined by shared ideology, style, or historical period. Unlike 风格 (fēnggé), which describes an individual writer's style, 流派 implies a collective identity. The term is standard in academic and critical discourse about literary history. Meanings [n] literary movement; literary school; a grouping of writers united by shared aesthetic or ideological principles Example Sentences 浪漫主义是十九世纪欧洲最重要的文学流派之一。 Làngmàn zhǔyì shì shíjiǔ...
对 (duì) — correct; right; toward; to
对 (duì) 对 is one of the most versatile characters in Mandarin. As an adjective it means correct or right. As a preposition it means "toward" or "to" someone, introducing who an action is directed at. It also appears in the common affirmative reply 对 (correct/yes, that's right). Meanings [adjective] Correct; right. The answer or action matches what is expected. [preposition] Toward; to; regarding. Introduces the person or thing that...
勤奋 (qínfèn) — diligent; hardworking; industrious
勤奋 (qínfèn) 勤奋 describes the quality of being consistently hardworking, putting in regular and dedicated effort over time. Meanings [adj] diligent; hardworking; industrious; assiduous Example Sentences 她非常勤奋，每天学习十个小时。 Tā fēicháng qínfèn, měitiān xuéxí shí gè xiǎoshí. She is very diligent and studies ten hours every day. 勤奋的人即使不聪明，也会成功。 Qínfèn de rén jíshǐ bù cōngmíng, yě huì chénggōng. Even if a hardworking person is not smart, they will succeed. 他用勤奋弥补了天赋上的不足。 Tā yòng qínfèn...
收入 (shōurù) — income; revenue; earnings
收入 (shōurù) 收入 refers to income, revenue, or earnings, meaning money received from employment, business activities, or investments. Meanings [noun] income; revenue; earnings; receipts [verb] to receive (money); to take in (income) Example Sentences 他的月收入是五千元。 Tā de yuè shōurù shì wǔqiān yuán. His monthly income is five thousand yuan. 这家公司去年的收入大幅增长。 Zhè jiā gōngsī qùnián de shōurù dàfú zēngzhǎng. This company's revenue grew significantly last year. 提高低收入群体的生活水平是政府的目标。 Tígāo dī shōurù qúntǐ...
昨天 (zuótiān) — yesterday
昨天 (zuótiān) 昨天 means yesterday, the day before today. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb as a time expression. Meanings [noun/adverb] Yesterday, the previous day. Example Sentences 昨天我去了图书馆。 Zuótiān wǒ qù le túshūguǎn. Yesterday I went to the library. 她昨天没有来上课。 Tā zuótiān méiyǒu lái shàngkè. She did not come to class yesterday. 你昨天晚上做什么了？ Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang zuò shénme le? What did you do...
水平 (shuǐpíng) — level; standard; proficiency
水平 (shuǐpíng) 水平 refers to the level or standard of skill, quality, or ability that someone or something has reached. Meanings [noun] level; standard; proficiency — the degree of skill, ability, or quality achieved in a particular area Example Sentences 他的中文水平很高。 Tā de Zhōngwén shuǐpíng hěn gāo. His Chinese proficiency is very high. 我需要提高自己的英语水平。 Wǒ xūyào tígāo zìjǐ de Yīngyǔ shuǐpíng. I need to improve my English level. 这家餐厅的烹饪水平非常专业。 Zhè...
回 (huí) — to return / to go back
回 (huí) A verb meaning "to return" or "to go back" to a place you have been before. It always implies returning to a familiar or original location. It also appears in 回答 (huídá, to answer) and 回来 (huílái, to come back). Meanings [verb] To return, to go back, to come back to a place. Example Sentences 我想回家。 Wǒ xiǎng huí jiā. I want to go home. 他昨天回来了。 Tā zuótiān...
换乘 (huànchéng) — to transfer (transit)
换乘 (huànchéng) 换乘 means to transfer or change from one mode of transport to another during a journey, such as switching subway lines, buses, or trains. 换 means to change or switch, and 乘 means to ride or board a vehicle. Meanings [verb] To transfer; to change vehicles, lines, or modes of transportation mid-journey. Example Sentences 在这里换乘二号线。 Zài zhèlǐ huànchéng èr hào xiàn. Transfer to Line 2 here. 我需要在北京换乘火车。 Wǒ...
竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì) — competitiveness
竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì) 竞争力 refers to competitiveness, the ability or strength to compete effectively in a market, workplace, or other competitive environment. Meanings [noun] competitiveness; competitive strength; the capacity to compete effectively Example Sentences 提高产品质量是增强竞争力的关键。 Tígāo chǎnpǐn zhìliàng shì zēngqiáng jìngzhēnglì de guānjiàn. Improving product quality is the key to enhancing competitiveness. 他不断学习新技能，以保持竞争力。 Tā bùduàn xuéxí xīn jìnéng, yǐ bǎochí jìngzhēnglì. He continually learns new skills in order to maintain his...
完成 (wánchéng) — to complete
完成 (wánchéng) 完成 means to complete or accomplish something fully. It emphasizes that a task or goal has been carried through to its finish, not merely started or partially done. Meanings [verb] To complete; to finish; to accomplish. [verb] To fulfill (a duty, mission, or requirement). Example Sentences 我已经完成了作业。 Wǒ yǐjīng wánchéng le zuòyè. I have already finished my homework. 他成功地完成了这项任务。 Tā chénggōng de wánchéng le zhè xiàng rènwù. He...
文化 (wénhuà) — culture, cultural
文化 (wénhuà) One of the most expansive words in Chinese -- covering shared beliefs, traditions, and arts of a civilization, as well as an individual's level of education or literacy. Meanings [noun] culture, civilization [noun] education, literacy (when describing an individual's level of learning) Example Sentences 了解一个国家的文化有助于更好地与当地人沟通。 Liǎojiě yī gè guójiā de wénhuà yǒuzhù yú gèng hǎo de yǔ dāngedì rén gōutōng. Understanding a country's culture helps communicate better with...
飞机场 (fēijīchǎng) — airport
飞机场 (fēijīchǎng) 飞机场 is the full form for "airport." It is also commonly shortened to 机场 (jīchǎng) in everyday speech. 飞机 means "airplane" and 场 means "field / ground." Together they describe a field where airplanes operate. Both forms are correct and widely used. Meanings [noun] Airport; airfield; the facility for aircraft departure and arrival. Example Sentences 我明天早上要去飞机场接朋友。 Wǒ míngtiān zǎoshang yào qù fēijīchǎng jiē péngyǒu. I need to go...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 means therefore or as a result. It introduces the logical consequence of a stated cause, and is slightly more formal than 所以 (suǒyǐ). It can begin a sentence on its own. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; for this reason; consequently. Example Sentences 他非常努力，因此成绩很好。 Tā fēicháng nǔlì, yīncǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He worked very hard; therefore his grades are very good. 外面下雨了，因此我们取消了活动。 Wàimiàn xià yǔ le, yīncǐ...
数字经济 (shùzì jīngjì) — digital economy
数字经济 (shùzì jīngjì) An economic system built on digital technologies, the internet, and data -- including e-commerce, fintech, cloud computing, and AI-driven industries. Meanings [noun] digital economy Example Sentences 中国的数字经济规模已跃居全球前列。 Zhōngguó de shùzì jīngjì guīmó yǐ yuèjū quánqiú qiánliè. China's digital economy has leaped to a leading position globally. 数字经济的快速发展创造了大量新型就业岗位。 Shùzì jīngjì de kuàisù fāzhǎn chuàngzàole dàliàng xīnxíng jiùyè gǎngwèi. The rapid development of the digital economy has created a...
血压 (xuèyā) — blood pressure
血压 (xuèyā) 血压 refers to the pressure of blood as it flows through the arteries. It is an important medical term used in health check-ups and discussions about cardiovascular health. Meanings [noun] blood pressure; the force exerted by blood against artery walls Example Sentences 他的血压有点高，医生让他少吃盐。 Tā de xuèyā yǒudiǎn gāo, yīshēng ràng tā shǎo chī yán. His blood pressure is a bit high, so the doctor told him to eat...
选择 (xuǎnzé) — to choose; to select; choice
选择 (xuǎnzé) 选择 means "to choose," "to select," or "choice" and refers to the act of picking from available options, or the option itself. Meanings [verb] to choose; to select; to pick [noun] choice; option; selection Example Sentences 你有权利选择自己的生活方式。 Nǐ yǒu quánlì xuǎnzé zìjǐ de shēnghuó fāngshì. You have the right to choose your own way of life. 这道题有四个选择，只能选一个。 Zhè dào tí yǒu sì gè xuǎnzé, zhǐ néng xuǎn yīgè....
自信 (zìxìn) — confident; self-confidence
自信 (zìxìn) 自信 describes the belief and trust one has in one's own abilities, qualities, and judgment. Meanings [adj/noun] confident; self-confidence; belief in oneself Example Sentences 她说话的时候很自信，让人印象深刻。 Tā shuōhuà de shíhou hěn zìxìn, ràng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. She speaks with great confidence, which leaves a deep impression. 自信是成功的第一步。 Zìxìn shì chénggōng de dì yī bù. Self-confidence is the first step to success. 经过多次练习，他越来越自信了。 Jīngguò duō cì liànxí, tā yuèláiyuè zìxìn...
不过 (búguò) — however
不过 (búguò) 不过 means however or but, used to introduce a mild contrast or qualification. It is softer and more conversational than 但是 (dànshì), making it ideal for gentle corrections or adding a caveat. Meanings [conjunction] However; but; only (introducing a mild contrast or qualification). [adverb] Only; merely; nothing more than. Example Sentences 这道菜很好吃，不过有点辣。 Zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī, búguò yǒu diǎn là. This dish is very tasty; however, it's...
获得 (huòdé) — to obtain; to gain
获得 (huòdé) 获得 means to obtain, gain, or acquire something, often through effort, competition, or a process. Meanings [verb] to obtain; to acquire; to get [verb] to achieve; to win; to earn Example Sentences 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng huòdéle dì yī míng. He won first place in the competition. 通过努力，她获得了奖学金。 Tōngguò nǔlì, tā huòdéle jiǎngxuéjīn. Through hard work, she obtained a scholarship. 这部电影获得了很多奖项。 Zhè bù diànyǐng huòdéle hěn duō...
固然 (gùrán) — of course, admittedly
固然 (gùrán) 固然 is a formal adverb used to concede a point — acknowledging that something is undeniably true — before introducing a qualification, contrast, or counterargument. It is structurally equivalent to "it is true that" or "granted that" in English. Like 诚然, it is a hallmark of nuanced, sophisticated argumentation in formal Chinese. Meanings [adv] of course, granted, admittedly (concessive, acknowledging truth before a qualification) [adv] naturally, undeniably (affirming...
干净 (gānjìng) — clean; tidy
干净 (gānjìng) 干净 describes something free of dirt, mess, or impurity. It works as a predicate adjective (桌子很干净 — the table is clean) or a pre-noun modifier (干净的衣服 — clean clothes). Its opposite is 脏 (zāng — dirty). Meanings [adj] Clean; spotless — free of dirt or stains. [adj] Tidy; neat — well-organized and orderly. Example Sentences 这家餐厅非常干净。 Zhè jiā cāntīng fēicháng gānjìng. This restaurant is extremely clean. 请把手洗干净。 Qǐng...
错 (cuò) — wrong
错 (cuò) An adjective meaning wrong, incorrect, or mistaken. It is the direct antonym of 对 (duì). It is also used as a noun to mean a mistake or error. Meanings [adjective] Wrong, incorrect, mistaken. [noun] A mistake, an error. Example Sentences 这道题你做错了。 Zhè dào tí nǐ zuò cuò le. You did this problem incorrectly. 对不起，我说错了，请原谅我。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ shuō cuò le, qǐng yuánliàng wǒ. Sorry, I said something wrong, please...
决定 (juédìng) — to decide; to determine; decision
决定 (juédìng) 决定 means to decide or make a decision, and can also be used as a noun referring to the decision itself. Meanings [verb] to decide, to determine, or to resolve on a course of action [noun] a decision or resolution that has been made Example Sentences 我决定明年去中国留学。 Wǒ juédìng míngnián qù Zhōngguó liúxué. I have decided to study in China next year. 这个决定对公司的未来非常重要。 Zhège juédìng duì gōngsī de...
敬佩 (jìngpèi) — to admire, to have deep respect for
敬佩 (jìngpèi) Expresses a deep, heartfelt combination of respect and admiration, typically directed at a person's moral character, achievements, or perseverance. Meanings [verb] to admire deeply, to hold in high esteem, to have profound respect for Example Sentences 我非常敬佩她在逆境中坚持不懈的精神。 Wǒ fēicháng jìngpèi tā zài nìjìng zhōng jiānchí bùxiè de jīngshén. I deeply admire her unwavering spirit in the face of adversity. 同学们对这位老教授的学识和品格深感敬佩。 Tóngxuémen duì zhè wèi lǎo jiàoshòu de xuéshí...
利益 (lìyì) — interest, benefit, profit
利益 (lìyì) 利益 refers to a broad range of advantages, gains, or benefits -- material or non-material -- that serve the welfare or goals of an individual, group, or country. Meanings [noun] interest, benefit, profit, gain (used broadly for material and non-material advantages) Example Sentences 国家利益是外交政策制定的核心出发点。 Guójiā lìyì shì wàijiāo zhèngcè zhìdìng de héxīn chūfādiǎn. National interest is the core starting point for formulating foreign policy. 这项协议对双方都有利，符合共同利益。 Zhè xiàng xiéyì...
深入 (shēnrù) — in-depth; thorough; penetrating
深入 (shēnrù) 深入 means in-depth or thorough as an adjective, or to go deep into something as a verb, describing a penetrating engagement with a topic or place. Meanings [adjective] in-depth; thorough; penetrating; going beyond the surface [verb] to go deep into; to penetrate; to immerse oneself in Example Sentences 我们需要对这个问题进行深入研究。 Wǒmen xūyào duì zhège wèntí jìnxíng shēnrù yánjiū. We need to conduct an in-depth study of this problem. 记者深入农村，了解当地的生活情况。...
臭氧层 (chòuyǎng céng) — ozone layer
臭氧层 (chòuyǎng céng) 臭氧层 refers to the ozone layer -- the region of Earth's stratosphere containing a high concentration of ozone (O3) that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It is a key term in environmental science and ecology. Meanings [noun] the ozone layer; the stratospheric ozone layer Example Sentences 臭氧层的破坏会导致到达地表的紫外线增加，从而引发皮肤癌等疾病。 Chòuyǎng céng de pòhuài huì dǎozhì dào dá dìbiǎo de zǐwàixiàn zēngjiā, cóng ér yǐnfā pífūái děng jíbìng....
任何 (rènhé) — any; whatever; whichever
任何 (rènhé) 任何 is a universal quantifier used before nouns to mean "any," "whatever," or "whichever," indicating that no member of a set is excluded. Meanings [pronoun / adjective] any; whatever; whichever (used before a noun to indicate "no matter which one" or "every possible one," often in negative or conditional sentences) Usage Note 任何 must be followed by a noun (or noun phrase). It is most commonly used in:...
深入 (shēnrù) — Deep, in-depth, thorough
深入 (shēnrù) 深入 describes going deeply into something -- whether physically, intellectually, or analytically. It conveys thoroughness, depth of understanding, or the act of penetrating far into a place or subject. Meanings [adj] deep; in-depth; thorough; penetrating [verb] to go deep into; to penetrate; to delve into Example Sentences 这篇文章对该问题进行了深入的分析。 Zhè piān wénzhāng duì gāi wèntí jìnxíngle shēnrù de fēnxī. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the issue. 研究人员深入山区，收集第一手数据。...
体验 (tǐyàn) — to experience; experience
体验 (tǐyàn) 体验 means to experience something personally and directly, or the personal knowledge and understanding gained through such direct experience, often emphasizing the subjective, firsthand nature of the encounter. Meanings [verb] to experience firsthand; to feel personally; to go through something directly [noun] (personal) experience; user experience; sense of experience Example Sentences 他利用暑假去农村体验了一个月的农耕生活，深刻感受到了农民的艰辛。 Tā lìyòng shǔjià qù nóngcūn tǐyànle yī gè yuè de nónggēng shēnghuó, shēnkè gǎnshòudào le nóngmín...
家人 (jiārén) — Family member
家人 (jiārén) 家人 refers to the members of one's family, used collectively or individually. Meanings [noun] family member; family; one's family (collectively) Example Sentences 她每天都给家人打电话。 Tā měitiān dōu gěi jiārén dǎ diànhuà. She calls her family every day. 节日里，家人聚在一起吃饭，非常热闹。 Jiérì lǐ, jiārén jù zài yīqǐ chīfàn, fēicháng rènào. During the holidays, the family gathers together for meals; it's very lively. 他的成功离不开家人的支持。 Tā de chénggōng lí bù kāi jiārén de zhīchí....
教材 (jiàocái) — teaching material, textbook
教材 (jiàocái) The printed, digital, or multimedia resources used in formal teaching -- broader than just textbooks and including all instructional content. Meanings [noun] teaching material, textbook, instructional resource Example Sentences 这套教材专为中级汉语学习者设计。 Zhè tào jiàocái zhuān wèi zhōngjí Hànyǔ xuéxízhě shèjì. This set of teaching materials is designed specifically for intermediate Chinese learners. 学校决定更新老化的数学教材以适应新课程标准。 Xuéxiào juédìng gēngxīn lǎohuà de shùxué jiàocái yǐ shìyìng xīn kèchéng biāozhǔn. The school decided to...
认知 (rènzhī) — cognition; to recognize and understand
认知 (rènzhī) 认知 covers both the process of knowing and understanding (cognition) and the resulting knowledge or awareness one holds, making it a central term in psychology, education, and social commentary. Meanings [noun] cognition; understanding; awareness [verb] to recognize; to perceive; to understand Example Sentences 人工智能研究离不开对人类认知的深入理解。 Réngōng zhìnéng yánjiū lí bù kāi duì rénlèi rènzhī de shēnrù lǐjiě. AI research cannot be separated from a deep understanding of human cognition....
权威 (quánwēi) — authority; authoritative
权威 (quánwēi) 权威 refers to authority, either as an abstract quality (the power to be believed or obeyed) or as a concrete noun (an authoritative person or institution). Used as an adjective before a noun, it means "authoritative." It appears in academic, journalistic, and institutional discourse where the credibility of a source or expert is at issue. Meanings [n] authority (the power to command belief or obedience) [n] authority, expert...
只 (zhǐ) — only; just
只 (zhǐ) 只 narrows a statement to a single item, amount, or condition. It always sits before the verb or the element it restricts. Note: 只 is also a measure word for small animals (yī zhī māo — one cat), but that is a separate word with a different tone (zhī) and usage. Meanings [adv] Only; merely; just — limits quantity or scope. [adv] Used in patterns 只有…才… (only if…then…)...
星期 (xīngqī) — week; day of the week
星期 (xīngqī) The word for "week" and the base for all weekday names; add a number 1–6 for Monday through Saturday, and add 日 or 天 for Sunday: 星期一 (Monday), 星期二 (Tuesday), ..., 星期六 (Saturday), 星期日/星期天 (Sunday). Meanings [noun] Week (a period of seven days). [noun] Day of the week (when followed by a number or 日/天). Example Sentences 今天星期几？ Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ? What day of the week is today?...
广泛 (guǎngfàn) — extensive; widespread; broad
广泛 (guǎngfàn) Extensive or widespread describes something that covers a large range, affects many people or areas, or involves many different kinds of things or subjects. Meanings [adjective] extensive; widespread; broad; wide-ranging [adverb] extensively; widely; broadly Example Sentences 这种技术已经在各个行业得到了广泛应用。 Zhè zhǒng jìshù yǐjīng zài gège hángyè dédàole guǎngfàn yìngyòng. This technology has already been widely applied across various industries. 该事件引起了社会各界的广泛关注。 Gāi shìjiàn yǐnqǐle shèhuì gèjiè de guǎngfàn guānzhù. The incident...
共同 (gòngtóng) — common; shared; together; jointly
共同 (gòngtóng) 共同 describes something that is held in common by multiple parties, or an action that is carried out together or jointly. Meanings [adjective] common; shared — belonging to or affecting all parties [adverb] together; jointly — doing something as a collective Example Sentences 我们有共同的爱好。 Wǒmen yǒu gòngtóng de àihào. We share common hobbies. 这是我们共同的责任。 Zhè shì wǒmen gòngtóng de zérèn. This is our shared responsibility. 大家共同努力，一定能成功。 Dàjiā gòngtóng...
说明 (shuōmíng) — to explain; explanation; manual
说明 (shuōmíng) 说明 means to explain or make something clear through words. As a noun it refers to an explanation, a description, or an instruction manual (such as a product manual). It is a very versatile word used in both spoken and written Chinese. Meanings [verb] To explain; to illustrate; to demonstrate; to show. [noun] Explanation; description; instruction manual. Example Sentences 请你说明一下这个计划的具体步骤。 Qǐng nǐ shuōmíng yīxià zhège jìhuà de jùtǐ...
广泛 (guǎngfàn) — widespread; extensive; broad
广泛 (guǎngfàn) 广泛 describes something that covers a wide range, affects many areas, or is spread across a large scope. It is used to modify nouns or to describe how extensively something is done. It carries a neutral to positive connotation of breadth and reach. Meanings [adjective] Widespread; extensive; broad; wide-ranging. Example Sentences 这项技术在医疗、教育和工业领域都得到了广泛应用。 Zhè xiàng jìshù zài yīliáo, jiàoyù hé gōngyè lǐngyù dōu dédào le guǎngfàn yìngyòng. This technology...
说明 (shuōmíng) — to explain; explanation
说明 (shuōmíng) 说明 is one of the most common verbs for explaining or clarifying in Chinese, and as a noun it refers to explanatory text, instructions, or descriptions. Meanings [verb] to explain; to illustrate; to indicate; to show [noun] explanation; instructions; description; manual Example Sentences 请说明你为什么选择这个专业。 Qǐng shuōmíng nǐ wèishénme xuǎnzé zhège zhuānyè. Please explain why you chose this major. 这份产品说明书写得非常清楚。 Zhè fèn chǎnpǐn shuōmíngshū xiě de fēicháng qīngchǔ. This...
威胁 (wēixié) — Threaten
威胁 (wēixié) 威胁 means to threaten someone or something, or refers to a threat that puts someone at risk. Meanings [verb] to threaten; to intimidate; to pose a threat to [noun] threat; menace Example Sentences 污染正在严重威胁这里的生态环境。 Wūrǎn zhèngzài yánzhòng wēixié zhèlǐ de shēngtài huánjìng. Pollution is seriously threatening the ecological environment here. 他受到了恐怖分子的威胁，不敢出门。 Tā shòudào le kǒngbù fènzǐ de wēixié, bù gǎn chūmén. He was threatened by terrorists and didn't...
不客气 (bù kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bù kèqi) 不客气 means "you're welcome." It is the standard response to 谢谢 (thank you) and signals that no formality or debt is needed. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it; no need to be polite. Example Sentences A: 谢谢你！ B: 不客气！ A: Xièxiè nǐ! B: Bù kèqi! A: Thank you! B: You're welcome! 不客气，这是我应该做的。 Bù kèqi, zhè shì wǒ yīnggāi zuò de. You're welcome, this is what I...
假设 (jiǎshè) — assumption; hypothesis; suppose
假设 (jiǎshè) 假设 refers to a hypothesis or assumption that is supposed to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation, and as a verb it means "to suppose" or "to assume," introducing a hypothetical scenario. Meanings [noun] hypothesis; assumption (a supposition taken as a starting point for reasoning or investigation) [verb] to suppose; to assume; to hypothesize (to posit something as true for the sake of argument) Example...
项目 (xiàngmù) — project / item
项目 (xiàngmù) 项目 refers to a project or task that is organized and planned, as well as to an individual item or entry in a list. In work and school contexts it most often means a project (research project, work project, sports event). In administrative contexts it refers to a line item or category. Meanings [noun] Project; program; planned undertaking. [noun] Item; entry (in a list, form, or schedule). Example...
招募 (zhāomù) — to recruit; to enlist
招募 (zhāomù) 招募 means to actively seek and recruit people to join an organization, army, project, or cause, often through open calls or campaigns. Meanings [verb] to recruit; to enlist; to sign up (people for a cause, organization, or task) Example Sentences 这家科技公司正在全球范围内招募顶尖工程师，提供极具竞争力的薪资待遇。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī zhèngzài quánqiú fànwéi nèi zhāomù dǐngjiān gōngchéngshī, tígōng jí jù jìngzhēnglì de xīnzī dàiyù. This tech company is recruiting top engineers worldwide, offering...
来源 (láiyuán) — source, origin
来源 (láiyuán) The origin or source from which something comes -- whether information, funds, goods, or ideas. Meanings [noun] source, origin, provenance [verb] to originate from, to come from Example Sentences 记者有义务核实新闻信息的来源。 Jìzhě yǒu yìwù héshí xīnwén xìnxī de láiyuán. Journalists have an obligation to verify the sources of news information. 这笔资金的来源目前尚不明确。 Zhè bǐ zījīn de láiyuán mùqián shàng bù míngquè. The source of these funds is currently unclear. 这个词语来源于古代汉语，有着悠久的历史。...
物种 (wùzhǒng) — Species
物种 (wùzhǒng) 物种 refers to a biological species -- a group of organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding. It is the fundamental unit of biological classification. Meanings [noun] species (biology); biological species Example Sentences 地球上已知的物种超过了八百万种。 Dìqiú shàng yǐzhī de wùzhǒng chāoguòle bā bǎi wàn zhǒng. The number of known species on Earth exceeds eight million. 热带雨林是地球上物种多样性最丰富的生态系统之一。 Rèdài yǔlín shì dìqiú shàng wùzhǒng duōyàng xìng zuì fēngfù...
换言之 (huàn yán zhī) — in other words; that is to say
换言之 (huàn yán zhī) 换言之 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a restatement or clarification of something just said, equivalent to "in other words" or "that is to say" in English. Meanings [discourse marker] in other words; that is to say; to put it another way Example Sentences 这项政策对所有纳税人都适用，换言之，任何有收入的公民都必须遵守这一规定。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè duì suǒyǒu nàshuì rén dōu shìyòng, huàn yán zhī, rènhé yǒu shōurù de gōngmín dōu bìxū...
保护 (bǎohù) — to protect / to safeguard
保护 (bǎohù) To keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or loss; also used as a noun meaning "protection." Meanings [verb] To protect, to safeguard, to defend. [noun] Protection, preservation. Example Sentences 我们要保护环境。 Wǒmen yào bǎohù huánjìng. We must protect the environment. 父母总是努力保护自己的孩子。 Fùmǔ zǒng shì nǔlì bǎohù zìjǐ de háizi. Parents always work hard to protect their children. 这种动物需要特别的保护。 Zhè zhǒng dòngwù xūyào tèbié de bǎohù. This kind...
编程 (biānchéng) — programming; to write code
编程 (biānchéng) 编程 means computer programming -- the activity of writing instructions for a computer to execute. It is the standard Chinese term used in education, technology, and digital literacy contexts. Meanings [verb] to program; to write code; to do programming [noun] programming; coding Example Sentences 越来越多的中小学将编程课程纳入必修课，培养学生的计算思维。 Yuè lái yuè duō de zhōngxiǎoxué jiāng biānchéng kèchéng nàrù bìxiū kè, péiyǎng xuéshēng de jìsuàn sīwéi. More and more primary and secondary...
题 (tí) — question, topic, problem
题 (tí) Refers to a question on a test or exam, a problem to be solved, or a topic. Counted with the measure word 道 (dào) or 个 (gè). Often seen in compound words like 问题 (question/problem) and 题目 (topic/title). Meanings [noun] Question (on a test), problem, exercise. [noun] Topic, subject. Example Sentences 这道题很难。 Zhè dào tí hěn nán. This question is very difficult. 考试有二十道题。 Kǎoshì yǒu èrshí dào tí....
正式 (zhèngshì) — formal; official; proper
正式 (zhèngshì) 正式 means formal, official, or proper, describing something done according to official procedures or in a formal setting. Meanings [adjective] formal; official; done in accordance with proper or established procedures Example Sentences 请穿正式的服装参加面试。 Qǐng chuān zhèngshì de fúzhuāng cānjiā miànshì. Please wear formal attire for the interview. 公司正式宣布了新计划。 Gōngsī zhèngshì xuānbù le xīn jìhuà. The company officially announced the new plan. 这是一次正式的外交会议。 Zhè shì yī cì zhèngshì de...
可再生 (kě zàishēng) — renewable
可再生 (kě zàishēng) 可再生 means "renewable" and is primarily used to describe energy sources and natural resources that can be naturally replenished, as opposed to finite fossil fuels. Meanings [adjective] renewable; regenerable (describing resources or energy that can be naturally replenished) Example Sentences 太阳能和风能都是可再生能源。 Tàiyángnéng hé fēngnéng dōu shì kě zàishēng néngyuán. Solar energy and wind energy are both renewable energy sources. 发展可再生能源是应对气候变化的关键措施。 Fāzhǎn kě zàishēng néngyuán shì yìngduì qìhòu...
弘扬 (hóngyáng) — to promote, to carry forward
弘扬 (hóngyáng) 弘扬 means to promote and carry forward something positive — especially traditions, values, culture, or spirit. It implies active promotion with the purpose of letting something flourish and spread. It is strongly associated with Chinese political and cultural discourse, particularly in contexts of cultural heritage, patriotism, and national spirit. Meanings [v] to promote; to carry forward and develop (positive values, culture, or spirit) [v] to advocate; to champion...
科技 (kējì) — technology; science and technology
科技 (kējì) 科技 is a shorthand combining 科学 (science) and 技术 (technology), referring to the field of science and technology together. Meanings [noun] technology; science and technology; the combined field of scientific knowledge and its technical applications Example Sentences 现代科技改变了人们的生活方式。 Xiàndài kējì gǎibiàn le rénmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Modern technology has changed people's way of life. 这家公司专注于高科技产品的研发。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zhuānzhù yú gāo kējì chǎnpǐn de yánfā. This company focuses...
负责任的 (fùzérèn de) — accountable, responsible
负责任的 (fùzérèn de) 负责任的 describes a person, organization, or system that takes responsibility for its actions and their consequences. It implies both a willingness to answer for one's conduct and a moral commitment to doing what is right. Meanings [adj] accountable; responsible; willing to take responsibility for one's actions Example Sentences 负责任的政府必须对公民的需求做出回应。 Fùzérèn de zhèngfǔ bìxū duì gōngmín de xūqiú zuòchū huíyìng. A responsible government must respond to the needs...
文化 (wénhuà) — culture
文化 (wénhuà) 文化 refers to culture in a broad sense — the shared customs, traditions, arts, values, and knowledge of a people or civilization. It is also used for educational level in some contexts. Meanings [noun] Culture; civilization; cultural heritage. [noun] Education level; cultural background. Example Sentences 我对中国文化很感兴趣。 Wǒ duì Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn gǎn xìngqù. I am very interested in Chinese culture. 学语言的同时也要了解文化。 Xué yǔyán de tóngshí yě yào liǎojiě...
论点 (lùndiǎn) — thesis; argument; point
论点 (lùndiǎn) 论点 is the specific claim, proposition, or thesis that a writer or speaker sets out to prove, and is the centerpiece of any structured argument in Chinese. Meanings [noun] thesis; argument; point; proposition Example Sentences 这篇文章的中心论点是技术进步有利于社会发展。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de zhōngxīn lùndiǎn shì jìshù jìnbù yǒulì yú shèhuì fāzhǎn. The central thesis of this article is that technological progress benefits social development. 他的论点很有说服力，让听众信服。 Tā de lùndiǎn hěn yǒu...
感情 (gǎnqíng) — emotion; feeling
感情 (gǎnqíng) 感情 refers to emotions, feelings, or the emotional bonds between people such as love, friendship, or affection. Meanings [noun] emotion; feeling; affection; sentiment; emotional bond Example Sentences 他们之间的感情很深厚。 Tāmen zhī jiān de gǎnqíng hěn shēnhòu. The emotional bond between them is very deep. 不要让感情影响你做决定。 Bùyào ràng gǎnqíng yǐngxiǎng nǐ zuò juédìng. Do not let emotions affect your decision making. 多年的共事让我们建立了深厚的感情。 Duō nián de gòngshì ràng wǒmen jiànlì le...
诉讼 (sùsòng) — lawsuit; litigation
诉讼 (sùsòng) 诉讼 refers to formal legal proceedings in court, encompassing both civil and criminal litigation, and is the standard term in Chinese legal and journalistic writing for lawsuits and court cases. Meanings [noun] lawsuit; litigation; legal proceedings Example Sentences 这场诉讼历时两年才最终判决。 Zhè chǎng sùsòng lìshí liǎng nián cái zuìzhōng pànjué. This lawsuit took two years before a final verdict was reached. 公司因违反合同而面临诉讼风险。 Gōngsī yīn wéifǎn hétong ér miànlín sùsòng fēngxiǎn....
那 (nà) — that
那 (nà) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "that," pointing to people or things away from the speaker; its near counterpart is 这 (zhè, this). Before measure words it is sometimes pronounced nèi in fast speech. Meanings [pronoun] That (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] That (before a measure word and noun: 那 + measure word + noun). [conjunction] Then, in that case (introducing a conclusion: 那就…). Example...
效率 (xiàolǜ) — efficiency; effectiveness
效率 (xiàolǜ) 效率 refers to efficiency, describing how well resources such as time and energy are used to achieve results, with minimal waste. Meanings [noun] efficiency; effectiveness; productivity Example Sentences 提高工作效率是每个员工的目标。 Tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ shì měi gè yuángōng de mùbiāo. Improving work efficiency is the goal of every employee. 这个新软件大大提高了数据处理的效率。 Zhège xīn ruǎnjiàn dàdà tígāole shùjù chǔlǐ de xiàolǜ. This new software greatly improved data processing efficiency. 开会太多会降低团队的工作效率。 Kāihuì tài...
历程 (lìchéng) — course; journey; process
历程 (lìchéng) 历程 refers to the course or journey that something or someone goes through over time, emphasizing the process of development or change. Meanings [noun] course, process, or journey of development through a period of time Example Sentences 这本书记录了他的成长历程。 Zhè běn shū jìlù le tā de chéngzhǎng lìchéng. This book records his journey of growing up. 中国的现代化历程令世界瞩目。 Zhōngguó de xiàndàihuà lìchéng lìng shìjiè zhǔmù. China's modernization process has attracted...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore; as a result
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 is a causal conjunction meaning "therefore" or "as a result," used to introduce a conclusion or consequence that follows logically from a stated reason. Meanings [conjunction] therefore; as a result; consequently; for this reason Example Sentences 他努力学习，因此取得了优异的成绩。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, yīncǐ qǔdé le yōuyì de chéngjì. He studied hard; therefore, he achieved excellent results. 该地区连续几个月干旱，因此粮食短缺严重。 Gāi dìqū liánxù jǐ gè yuè gānhàn, yīncǐ liángshí duǎnquē yánzhòng. The...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore; as a result; thus
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 connects a cause to its result, meaning "therefore" or "as a result," and is commonly used in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; thus (links a cause to its consequence). Example Sentences 他努力学习，因此考试得了高分。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, yīncǐ kǎoshì dé le gāo fēn. He studied hard; therefore he got a high score on the exam. 天气很冷，因此很多人待在家里。 Tiānqì hěn lěng, yīncǐ hěn duō rén dāi...
杂志 (zázhì) — magazine
杂志 (zázhì) 杂志 means magazine or periodical. 杂 means miscellaneous or varied, and 志 means record or publication. A magazine is a varied collection of articles and records published regularly. Chinese magazines cover every topic from science (科学杂志) to fashion (时尚杂志) to travel. Reading a Chinese magazine is a great way to build vocabulary because the articles are shorter than books but richer in everyday vocabulary than textbooks. Meanings [noun]...
选择 (xuǎnzé) — to choose
选择 (xuǎnzé) 选择 means to choose or select from available options. It functions as both a verb and a noun, covering everyday decisions and formal selections alike. Meanings [verb] To choose; to select; to pick. [noun] A choice; a selection; an option. Example Sentences 你选择哪个答案？ Nǐ xuǎnzé nǎge dá'àn? Which answer do you choose? 这是你自己的选择。 Zhè shì nǐ zìjǐ de xuǎnzé. This is your own choice. 我选择留在这里工作。 Wǒ xuǎnzé liú...
年轻 (niánqīng) — young
年轻 (niánqīng) 年轻 describes someone who is young in age, or something that feels youthful and full of energy. Meanings [adj] young; youthful Example Sentences 她看起来比实际年龄年轻很多。 Tā kàn qǐlái bǐ shíjì niánlíng niánqīng hěn duō. She looks much younger than her actual age. 年轻的时候要多学习，多积累经验。 Niánqīng de shíhou yào duō xuéxí, duō jīlěi jīngyàn. When you are young, you should study more and accumulate more experience. 这家公司的员工都很年轻，充满活力。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de...
创新 (chuàngxīn) — innovation, to innovate
创新 (chuàngxīn) 创新 refers to the introduction of something genuinely new -- whether ideas, methods, products, or systems -- that represents a significant departure from what existed before. Meanings [noun] innovation [verb] to innovate, to introduce something new Example Sentences 科技创新是推动经济高质量发展的重要引擎。 Kējì chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì gāo zhìliàng fāzhǎn de zhòngyào yǐnqíng. Technological innovation is an important engine driving high-quality economic development. 这家公司鼓励员工大胆创新，不怕失败。 Zhè jiā gōngsī gǔlì yuángōng dàdǎn chuàngxīn,...
好吃 (hǎochī) — delicious
好吃 (hǎochī) An adjective meaning delicious or tasty. It literally combines 好 (good) and 吃 (eat), making it one of the most transparent and memorable compounds in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Delicious, tasty, good to eat. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎochī! This dish is truly delicious! 妈妈做的饭最好吃了。 Māma zuò de fàn zuì hǎochī le. The food Mom makes is the most delicious. 你觉得这个蛋糕好吃吗？ Nǐ juéde zhège dàngāo hǎochī ma?...
创新 (chuàngxīn) — to innovate; innovation
创新 (chuàngxīn) 创新 means to innovate or bring about innovation, referring to the creation of new ideas, methods, or products that improve on what exists. Meanings [verb] to innovate, to create new approaches or ideas [noun] innovation, a new idea or method that represents an improvement Example Sentences 创新是推动社会进步的重要力量。 Chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng shèhuì jìnbù de zhòngyào lìliàng. Innovation is an important force driving social progress. 这家公司鼓励员工不断创新。 Zhè jiā gōngsī gǔlì...
嘴 (zuǐ) — mouth
嘴 (zuǐ) 嘴 means mouth. It refers to the physical mouth including the lips, and appears in many idiomatic expressions about speaking, eating, and character. It is one of the body part words that also has figurative uses in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Mouth; lips. [noun] Mouth as in beak, spout, or any opening shaped like a mouth. Example Sentences 他嘴里含着糖。 Tā zuǐ lǐ hán zhe táng. He has candy...
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; peaceful
安静 (ānjìng) 安静 describes an environment or person that is quiet, calm, and free from noise or disturbance. Meanings [adjective] quiet; peaceful; calm; still Example Sentences 图书馆里很安静，大家都在认真读书。 Túshūguǎn lǐ hěn ānjìng, dàjiā dōu zài rènzhēn dú shū. The library is very quiet; everyone is reading seriously. 请安静，考试开始了。 Qǐng ānjìng, kǎoshì kāishǐ le. Please be quiet; the exam has started. 她喜欢住在安静的地方。 Tā xǐhuān zhù zài ānjìng de dìfang. She likes to...
秩序 (zhìxù) — order; social order
秩序 (zhìxù) 秩序 refers to a state of orderly arrangement and proper functioning, whether in social conduct, public spaces, legal systems, or international relations. Meanings [noun] order; orderliness; social order; discipline Example Sentences 维护公共秩序是每个公民的基本义务。 Wéihù gōnggòng zhìxù shì měi gè gōngmín de jīběn yìwù. Maintaining public order is a basic obligation of every citizen. 法律是保障社会秩序的重要工具。 Fǎlǜ shì bǎozhàng shèhuì zhìxù de zhòngyào gōngjù. Law is an important tool for ensuring...
感动 (gǎndòng) — moved / touched
感动 (gǎndòng) 感动 describes being emotionally moved or touched — a feeling of being stirred deeply by something kind, beautiful, or heroic. It is a positive emotional response. Meanings [verb] To move emotionally; to touch deeply; to be moved by. [adjective] Moved; touched (emotionally). Example Sentences 他的故事让我非常感动。 Tā de gùshi ràng wǒ fēicháng gǎndòng. His story moved me deeply. 看到这一幕，她感动地哭了。 Kàndào zhè yī mù, tā gǎndòng de kū le. Seeing...
人 (rén) — person
人 (rén) A fundamental noun meaning person or people. It is one of the most common characters in Chinese and forms the base of countless compound words. The character itself depicts a person in profile, with two strokes representing legs. Meanings [noun] A person, a human being. [noun] People in general (no plural marker needed in Chinese). Example Sentences 那个人是谁？ Nàge rén shì shéi? Who is that person? 这里有很多人。 Zhèlǐ...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so, therefore, that is why
所以 (suǒyǐ) A conjunction that introduces a result or conclusion. It is almost always paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because) in the pattern 因为…所以… meaning "because... therefore..." Either part may be omitted in conversation. Meanings [conj] So, therefore, that is why (introducing a result or conclusion). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没出去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi chūqù. Because it was raining, I did not go out. 他生病了，所以没来上课。 Tā shēng bìng le, suǒyǐ...
看清楚 (kàn qīngchǔ) — see clearly / read carefully
看清楚 (kàn qīngchǔ) 看清楚 is a verb-complement structure. 看 (to look / see) is the base verb and 清楚 (clear) is the result complement, showing that looking achieves a clear understanding or perception. It is used for visual clarity — reading something carefully, seeing something distinctly, or making sure you noticed correctly. Structure 看 (look / see) + 清楚 (result complement: clear) = look with the result of seeing clearly....
剖析 (pōuxī) — to dissect, to analyze thoroughly
剖析 (pōuxī) 剖析 means to dissect and analyze thoroughly, going beneath the surface to reveal inner structure, causes, or mechanisms. Like a surgeon dissecting a body, 剖析 implies breaking something apart to understand how it works from the inside. It is used for analyzing complex phenomena, social problems, psychological states, or literary works. Meanings [v] to dissect; to analyze thoroughly; to lay bare the inner workings of [v] to examine...
做完 (zuòwán) — to finish doing / to complete
做完 (zuòwán) A verb-result compound where 做 (to do) + 完 (finished/complete) indicates that an action has been completed from start to finish. Meanings [verb + complement] To finish doing something, to complete a task. Example Sentences 我做完作业才能出去玩。 Wǒ zuòwán zuòyè cái néng chūqù wán. Only after I finish my homework can I go out to play. 他已经做完了所有的工作。 Tā yǐjīng zuòwán le suǒyǒu de gōngzuò. He has already finished all...
顺利 (shùnlì) — smooth / successful
顺利 (shùnlì) 顺利 describes a process or event that goes smoothly and without unexpected obstacles. It is a positive assessment meaning everything went as planned. Meanings [adjective] Smooth; successful; without a hitch; going well. Example Sentences 旅行很顺利，没有任何问题。 Lǚxíng hěn shùnlì, méiyǒu rènhé wèntí. The trip went very smoothly; there were no problems at all. 希望你的考试顺利！ Xīwàng nǐ de kǎoshì shùnlì! I hope your exam goes smoothly! 一切进行得非常顺利。 Yīqiè jìnxíng de...
正确 (zhèngquè) — correct / right
正确 (zhèngquè) 正确 means correct, right, or accurate, used to evaluate answers, methods, attitudes, and decisions. Meanings [adjective] correct; right; accurate; proper Example Sentences 你的答案是正确的。 Nǐ de dá'àn shì zhèngquè de. Your answer is correct. 我们需要用正确的方法解决问题。 Wǒmen xūyào yòng zhèngquè de fāngfǎ jiějué wèntí. We need to use the correct method to solve the problem. 他的判断非常正确。 Tā de pànduàn fēicháng zhèngquè. His judgment was very accurate. 保持正确的态度很重要。 Bǎochí zhèngquè de...
地区 (dìqū) — region; area; district
地区 (dìqū) 地区 refers to a geographical region, area, or district, often used to describe areas defined by location, climate, or administrative boundaries. Meanings [noun] a region, area, or district defined by geography or administration Example Sentences 这个地区的经济发展非常迅速。 Zhège dìqū de jīngjì fāzhǎn fēicháng xùnsù. The economic development of this region is very rapid. 不同地区的饮食文化差异很大。 Bùtóng dìqū de yǐnshí wénhuà chāyì hěn dà. Food culture varies greatly across different regions....
克制 (kèzhì) — to restrain, self-control
克制 (kèzhì) 克制 refers to the act of consciously suppressing or restraining one's emotions, desires, or impulses through willpower and discipline. Meanings [verb] to restrain, to suppress, to hold back (emotions or impulses) [adjective] restrained, self-controlled, measured Example Sentences 面对挑衅，他努力克制住自己的愤怒。 Miànduì tiǎoxìn, tā nǔlì kèzhì zhù zìjǐ de fènnù. Facing provocation, he worked hard to restrain his anger. 谈判代表在整个过程中保持了高度克制。 Tánpàn dàibiǎo zài zhěnggè guòchéng zhōng bǎochí le gāodù kèzhì. The...
突破 (tūpò) — breakthrough; to break through
突破 (tūpò) 突破 means to break through a barrier, limit, or obstacle, and as a noun refers to a significant breakthrough in research, technology, or achievement. Meanings [verb] to break through; to overcome; to surpass [noun] breakthrough; major advance Example Sentences 科研团队在癌症治疗领域取得了重大突破。 Kēyán tuánduì zài áizhèng zhìliáo lǐngyù qǔdé le zhòngdà tūpò. The research team achieved a major breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment. 这项技术突破了传统方法的瓶颈，大幅提升了生产效率。 Zhè xiàng jìshù tūpò...
开发 (kāifā) — to develop; to exploit
开发 (kāifā) 开发 means to develop resources, land, technology, or products, with an emphasis on bringing something new into active use or creating new value from existing potential. Meanings [verb] to develop; to open up (resources, land, or potential) [verb] to develop (software, products, technology) Example Sentences 公司正在开发一款新的移动应用程序。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāifā yī kuǎn xīn de yídòng yìngyòng chéngxù. The company is developing a new mobile application. 政府计划开发西部地区的矿产资源。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà kāifā...
振奋 (zhènfèn) — to invigorate; inspiring; uplifting
振奋 (zhènfèn) 振奋 means to feel or cause a great surge of excitement, spirit, or inspiration, often used to describe news, achievements, or speeches that lift people's morale and energize them. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to invigorate; to uplift; to stir up enthusiasm or spirit [adjective] inspiring; invigorating; exciting; uplifting Example Sentences 运动员夺冠的消息令全国人民振奋，街上自发聚集了许多庆祝的市民。 Yùndòng yuán duóguàn de xiāoxi lìng quánguó rénmín zhènfèn, jiē shàng zìfā jùjíle xǔduō qìngzhù de shìmín....
勤奋 (qínfèn) — Diligent
勤奋 (qínfèn) 勤奋 describes a person who works hard and persistently without laziness. Meanings [adjective] diligent; hardworking; industrious Example Sentences 她非常勤奋，每天学习十个小时。 Tā fēicháng qínfèn, měitiān xuéxí shí gè xiǎoshí. She is very diligent and studies ten hours every day. 勤奋的人往往比聪明的人更成功。 Qínfèn de rén wǎngwǎng bǐ cōngmíng de rén gèng chénggōng. Diligent people are often more successful than clever ones. 他以勤奋著称，从不迟到早退。 Tā yǐ qínfèn zhùchēng, cóng bù chídào zǎotuì. He is...
规范 (guīfàn) — norm, standard; to standardize
规范 (guīfàn) 规范 functions as both a noun and a verb. As a noun it means a norm, standard, or specification — the accepted model of correct or proper behavior, language, or procedure. As a verb it means to standardize or regulate, bringing something into conformity with an established norm. It is widely used in institutional, legal, and academic discourse. Meanings [n] norm, standard, specification [v] to standardize, to regulate,...
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) — infectious disease; contagious disease
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) 传染病 refers to diseases caused by pathogens that can spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission, including airborne, contact, and vector-borne routes. Meanings [noun] infectious disease; communicable disease; contagious disease (illness that can be transmitted from person to person) Example Sentences 新冠肺炎是近年来影响最广泛的传染病之一，导致全球数百万人死亡。 Xīnguān fèiyán shì jìn nián lái yǐngxiǎng zuì guǎngfàn de chuánrǎnbìng zhī yī, dǎozhì quánqiú shùbǎi wàn rén sǐwáng. COVID-19 is one...
水 (shuǐ) — water
水 (shuǐ) Water, the most essential liquid. 水 is one of the most fundamental characters in Chinese, appearing in hundreds of compound words related to liquids, rivers, and flow. Meanings [noun] Water. The clear liquid essential for life, drinking, and cooking. [noun] Any liquid in general, in some compound words. Example Sentences 我想喝水。 Wǒ xiǎng hē shuǐ. I want to drink water. 请给我一杯水。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ. Please...
各种 (gèzhǒng) — all kinds of; various types of
各种 (gèzhǒng) 各种 is used before a noun to indicate that many different kinds or types of something are involved. Meanings [adjective] all kinds of; various types of — used to indicate diverse or multiple categories of something Example Sentences 超市里有各种水果。 Chāoshì lǐ yǒu gèzhǒng shuǐguǒ. The supermarket has all kinds of fruit. 他有各种各样的爱好。 Tā yǒu gèzhǒng gèyàng de àihào. He has all sorts of hobbies. 我们遇到了各种困难。 Wǒmen yùdào le...
投入 (tóurù) — to invest; to put into; input; absorbed
投入 (tóurù) 投入 means to put something into a project, cause, or activity, either in terms of money, energy, or effort. It can also function as a noun meaning "input" or an adjective meaning deeply absorbed or engaged. Meanings [verb] to put into; to invest (resources, energy, effort) in something; to throw oneself into [noun] input; investment; the amount put in [adjective] absorbed; engrossed; deeply engaged Example Sentences 政府加大了对基础教育的投入，新建了数百所农村学校。 Zhèngfǔ...
方案 (fāng'àn) — plan; scheme; program; proposal
方案 (fāng'àn) 方案 is a detailed, thought-out plan or proposal designed to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem. Meanings [noun] Plan; scheme; program; proposal; solution. Example Sentences 我们提出了一个新的发展方案。 Wǒmen tíchūle yīgè xīn de fāzhǎn fāng'àn. We put forward a new development plan. 这个方案需要进一步讨论。 Zhège fāng'àn xūyào jìnyībù tǎolùn. This proposal needs further discussion. 请在明天前提交你的方案。 Qǐng zài míngtiān qián tíjiāo nǐ de fāng'àn. Please submit your plan before tomorrow....
程度 (chéngdù) — degree; level; extent
程度 (chéngdù) 程度 refers to the degree, level, or extent to which something occurs or exists. Meanings [noun] degree; level; extent; measure Example Sentences 他的汉语水平已经达到了很高的程度。 Tā de Hànyǔ shuǐpíng yǐjīng dádào le hěn gāo de chéngdù. His Chinese has already reached a very high level. 这件事的严重程度超出了我们的预期。 Zhè jiàn shì de yánzhòng chéngdù chāochū le wǒmen de yùqī. The severity of this matter exceeded our expectations. 你了解这个问题到什么程度？ Nǐ liǎojiě zhège wèntí...
客户 (kèhù) — Client
客户 (kèhù) 客户 refers to a client or customer in a business context, typically someone who has an ongoing relationship with a company. Meanings [noun] client; customer; account Example Sentences 我们公司有来自全球各地的客户。 Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu láizì quánqiú gèdì de kèhù. Our company has clients from all over the world. 保持良好的客户关系是业务成功的关键。 Bǎochí liánghǎo de kèhù guānxi shì yèwù chénggōng de guānjiàn. Maintaining good client relationships is the key to business success. 他花了一个下午拜访重要客户。...
研究员 (yánjiūyuán) — researcher
研究员 (yánjiūyuán) 研究员 refers to a researcher or research scientist, typically someone employed at a research institute, university, or laboratory to conduct systematic investigation. Meanings [noun] researcher, research fellow, research scientist Example Sentences 她是一位优秀的研究员。 Tā shì yī wèi yōuxiù de yánjiūyuán. She is an outstanding researcher. 这位研究员在实验室工作了二十年。 Zhè wèi yánjiūyuán zài shíyànshì gōngzuò le èrshí nián. This researcher has worked in the laboratory for twenty years. 研究员们发现了一种新的治疗方法。 Yánjiūyuánmen fāxiàn le...
总而言之 (zǒng ér yán zhī) — in summary; in short; to sum up
总而言之 (zǒng ér yán zhī) 总而言之 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a concluding summary of what has been said, equivalent to "in short," "in summary," or "to sum up" in English. Meanings [discourse marker] in summary; in short; to sum up; all in all Example Sentences 总而言之，这次改革的核心目标是提高教育质量，让每一个学生都能获得公平的机会。 Zǒng ér yán zhī, zhè cì gǎigé de héxīn mùbiāo shì tígāo jiàoyù zhìliàng, ràng měi yī gè xuéshēng dōu...
指标 (zhǐbiāo) — indicator; target; index
指标 (zhǐbiāo) 指标 refers to a specific measurable indicator, metric, or target figure used to assess performance, evaluate progress, or measure a specific condition, widely used in business, economics, healthcare, and government planning. Meanings [noun] indicator; metric; index; target figure (a quantifiable measure of performance or status) Example Sentences 国内生产总值是衡量一个国家经济规模的重要指标，但不能完全反映民众的生活质量。 Guónèi shēngchǎn zǒngzhí shì héngliáng yī gè guójiā jīngjì guīmó de zhòngyào zhǐbiāo, dàn bù néng wánquán fǎnyìng mínzhòng de...
项目 (xiàngmù) — project; item; program
项目 (xiàngmù) 项目 means "project," "item," or "program" and refers to a planned undertaking or a specific item in a list or program. Meanings [noun] project; program; initiative [noun] item; entry (in a list, form, or program) Example Sentences 这个研究项目已经进行了两年。 Zhège yánjiū xiàngmù yǐjīng jìnxíng le liǎng nián. This research project has been underway for two years. 奥运会有很多不同的比赛项目。 Àoyùnhuì yǒu hěn duō bùtóng de bǐsài xiàngmù. The Olympics has many...
自尊 (zìzūn) — self-esteem
自尊 (zìzūn) 自尊 refers to the degree to which a person values and respects themselves. It is a central concept in psychology and is linked to emotional health, confidence, and social behavior. Low 自尊 is often associated with anxiety and depression, while healthy 自尊 supports resilience and positive relationships. Meanings noun self-esteem, self-respect, sense of personal dignity Example Sentences 自尊心强的人更容易坚持自己的观点。 Zìzūnxīn qiáng de rén gèng róngyì jiānchí zìjǐ de guāndiǎn....
保护 (bǎohù) — to protect; to safeguard
保护 (bǎohù) 保护 means to actively shield a person, animal, object, or environment from damage, harm, or loss. Meanings [verb] To protect, to safeguard, to preserve from harm. Example Sentences 政府出台了新的法律来保护濒危野生动物。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn de fǎlǜ lái bǎohù bīndāng yěshēng dòngwù. The government introduced new laws to protect endangered wildlife. 戴口罩是保护自己和他人不受病毒感染的有效方式。 Dài kǒuzhào shì bǎohù zìjǐ hé tārén bù shòu bìngdú gǎnrǎn de yǒuxiào fāngshì. Wearing a mask is...
不妨 (bùfáng) — might as well, there is no harm in
不妨 (bùfáng) 不妨 is an adverb meaning "there is no harm in (doing something)" or "might as well." It suggests that an action is worth trying, is harmless, or is a reasonable option. It often conveys a tentative suggestion, an open invitation, or a mild recommendation without strong obligation. Meanings [adv] might as well, why not (suggesting an action is worth attempting) [adv] there is no harm in, it would...
自信 (zìxìn) — confident / confidence
自信 (zìxìn) 自信 means having confidence in oneself, or the quality of self-confidence. Meanings [adjective] confident; self-confident [noun] self-confidence; confidence Example Sentences 她在舞台上表现得非常自信。 Tā zài wǔtái shàng biǎoxiàn de fēicháng zìxìn. She performed very confidently on stage. 你要对自己有自信。 Nǐ yào duì zìjǐ yǒu zìxìn. You need to have confidence in yourself. 成功能给人带来自信。 Chénggōng néng gěi rén dài lái zìxìn. Success can give people confidence. 他缺乏自信，不敢开口说话。 Tā quēfá zìxìn, bù gǎn...
不过 (búguò) — However / but / only
不过 (búguò) 不过 is a versatile word used either as a conjunction meaning "however/but" (softer than 但是) or as an adverb meaning "only/merely." Meanings [conjunction] however, but (introduces a mild contrast or exception) [adverb] only, merely, just (downplays the scale of something) Example Sentences 这道题很难，不过我还是做出来了。 Zhè dào tí hěn nán, búguò wǒ háishì zuò chūlái le. This problem was very difficult, but I still managed to solve it. 他不过是个孩子，不要对他太严格。 Tā...
阶段 (jiēduàn) — stage; phase; period
阶段 (jiēduàn) 阶段 means "stage," "phase," or "period" and refers to a distinct part or step within a longer process or development. Meanings [noun] stage; phase; period; step in a process Example Sentences 这个项目分三个阶段进行。 Zhège xiàngmù fēn sān gè jiēduàn jìnxíng. This project is carried out in three stages. 青少年时期是人生的重要阶段。 Qīngshàonián shíqī shì rénshēng de zhòngyào jiēduàn. Adolescence is an important stage of life. 我们现在处于第二阶段。 Wǒmen xiànzài chǔyú dì èr...
决定 (juédìng) — to decide
决定 (juédìng) 决定 means to decide or make a decision. It can function as both a verb and a noun, covering personal choices and formal resolutions. Meanings [verb] To decide; to determine; to resolve. [noun] A decision; a resolution. Example Sentences 我决定去北京工作。 Wǒ juédìng qù Běijīng gōngzuò. I decided to go to Beijing to work. 你有没有做决定？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu zuò juédìng? Have you made a decision? 老师决定推迟考试。 Lǎoshī juédìng tuīchí...
改革 (gǎigé) — reform; to reform
改革 (gǎigé) 改革 means reform — the process of making meaningful changes to a system, institution, or policy in order to improve it. It is used both as a noun and a verb. Meanings n reform v to reform, to carry out reforms Example Sentences 中国在1978年开始了重大的经济改革。 Zhōngguó zài 1978 nián kāishǐ le zhòngdà de jīngjì gǎigé. China began major economic reforms in 1978. 政府计划改革现有的教育制度。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà gǎigé xiànyǒu de jiàoyù...
体验 (tǐyàn) — to experience firsthand; hands-on experience
体验 (tǐyàn) 体验 means to personally experience something, emphasizing a direct, hands-on quality rather than just knowing about it. Meanings [verb/noun] to experience firsthand; hands-on experience; personal encounter Example Sentences 这次旅行让我体验了不同的文化。 Zhè cì lǚxíng ràng wǒ tǐyàn le bùtóng de wénhuà. This trip allowed me to experience different cultures firsthand. 你应该亲自体验一下，才能真正理解。 Nǐ yīnggāi qīnzì tǐyàn yīxià, cái néng zhēnzhèng lǐjiě. You should experience it yourself before you can truly understand....
推断 (tuīduàn) — to infer, to deduce
推断 (tuīduàn) 推断 means to infer or deduce — to arrive at a conclusion through logical reasoning from available evidence or information. It implies that the conclusion is not directly observed but derived through inference. It is used in academic analysis, legal reasoning, detective work, and everyday problem-solving when conclusions must be drawn from incomplete information. Meanings [v] to infer; to deduce; to draw conclusions through reasoning [v] to surmise;...
改革 (gǎigé) — reform, to reform
改革 (gǎigé) Refers to deliberate, systematic changes made to institutions, policies, or systems in order to improve them -- a cornerstone word in Chinese political and social discourse. Meanings [noun] reform [verb] to reform, to restructure Example Sentences 中国自1978年起推行了一系列经济改革。 Zhōngguó zì 1978 nián qǐ tuīxíngle yī xìliè jīngjì gǎigé. China has implemented a series of economic reforms since 1978. 教育改革的目标是减轻学生的课业负担。 Jiàoyù gǎigé de mùbiāo shì jiǎnqīng xuéshēng de kèyè fùdān....
促使 (cùshǐ) — to prompt; to cause; to drive
促使 (cùshǐ) 促使 means to cause or prompt a person, organization, or situation to take action or undergo change, emphasizing the motivating or driving force behind an action or development. Meanings [verb] to prompt; to cause; to drive; to motivate (to make someone or something act or change) Example Sentences 市场竞争的加剧促使企业不得不加大技术创新的投入。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng de jiājù cùshǐ qǐyè bùdébù jiādà jìshù chuàngxīn de tóurù. The intensification of market competition has prompted...
去 (qù) — to go
去 (qù) 去 means "to go," indicating movement away from the speaker's current position toward a destination. It contrasts with 来 (lái), which means movement toward the speaker. Use 去 when you are heading away; use 来 when you or someone else is heading to where the speaker is. Meanings [verb] To go (movement away from the speaker). Example Sentences 我要去超市买东西。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I want to...
学习 (xuéxí) — to study; to learn
学习 (xuéxí) 学习 is a fundamental Chinese verb meaning to study or learn, referring to the active process of acquiring knowledge, skills, or understanding. Meanings [verb] to study; to learn; to pursue knowledge [noun] study; learning; the act of learning Example Sentences 她每天花两个小时学习中文。 Tā měitiān huā liǎng gè xiǎoshí xuéxí zhōngwén. She spends two hours every day studying Chinese. 学习一门新技能需要时间和耐心。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn jìnéng xūyào shíjiān hé nàixīn. Learning...
媒体 (méitǐ) — media; medium
媒体 (méitǐ) 媒体 refers to the media, including television, newspapers, the internet, and other channels used to communicate information to the public. Meanings [noun] the media; mass media; a medium of communication Example Sentences 媒体对这件事进行了大量报道。 Méitǐ duì zhè jiàn shì jìnxíngle dàliàng bàodào. The media covered this matter extensively. 社交媒体改变了人们的沟通方式。 Shèjiāo méitǐ gǎibiànle rénmen de gōutōng fāngshì. Social media has changed the way people communicate. 他在一家大型媒体公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā...
不仅如此 (bù jǐn rúcǐ) — not only that; moreover
不仅如此 (bù jǐn rúcǐ) 不仅如此 is a formal conjunction used to add further information or escalate a point, meaning "not only that" or "what is more," commonly found in written Chinese and formal speech. Meanings [conjunction] not only that; moreover; what is more (introduces an additional, often stronger point) Example Sentences 他精通英语和法语，不仅如此，他还能流利地说日语。 Tā jīngtōng Yīngyǔ hé Fǎyǔ, bù jǐn rúcǐ, tā hái néng liúlì de shuō Rìyǔ. He is proficient...
费用 (fèiyòng) — fee; cost; expense
费用 (fèiyòng) 费用 means "fee," "cost," or "expense" and refers to money that is spent or charged in connection with an activity, service, or transaction. Meanings [noun] fee; cost; expense; charge Example Sentences 这次旅行的费用大概是五千元。 Zhè cì lǚxíng de fèiyòng dàgài shì wǔqiān yuán. The cost of this trip is approximately five thousand yuan. 医疗费用越来越高，让很多人担忧。 Yīliáo fèiyòng yuèláiyuè gāo, ràng hěn duō rén dānyōu. Medical expenses are getting higher and higher,...
共识 (gòngshí) — consensus
共识 (gòngshí) 共识 means consensus — a shared understanding, agreement, or common ground reached among two or more parties. It is a high-frequency term in diplomatic, political, academic, and deliberative contexts, where the process of building or breaking consensus is significant. Meanings [n] consensus, common ground (a shared view or agreement among multiple parties) Example Sentences 经过数轮磋商，两国代表团终于就核心议题达成了初步共识。 Jīngguò shù lún cuōshāng, liǎng guó dàibiǎotuán zhōngyú jiù héxīn yìtí dáchéng le...
价格 (jiàgé) — price / cost
价格 (jiàgé) Refers to the monetary amount asked or paid for a product or service. Meanings [noun] Price, cost, the value expressed in money. [noun] Rate, charge (for a service). Example Sentences 这件衣服的价格太高了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu de jiàgé tài gāo le. The price of this piece of clothing is too high. 请问，这个产品的价格是多少？ Qǐngwèn, zhège chǎnpǐn de jiàgé shì duōshǎo? Excuse me, what is the price of this product? 最近物价格上涨了很多。 Zuìjìn...
媒体 (méitǐ) — media
媒体 (méitǐ) Media refers to the main means of mass communication -- broadcasting, publishing, and the internet -- considered collectively as a powerful social force. Meanings [noun] media; mass media; press and broadcasting organizations Example Sentences 媒体在塑造公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。 Méitǐ zài sùzào gōngzhòng yúlùn fāngmiàn fāhuīzhe zhòngyào zuòyòng. The media plays an important role in shaping public opinion. 社交媒体改变了人们获取信息的方式。 Shèjiāo méitǐ gǎibiànle rénmen huòqǔ xìnxī de fāngshì. Social media has changed the...
地铁 (dìtiě) — subway, metro
地铁 (dìtiě) The subway or metro, an underground urban rail transit system. 地 means "ground/earth" and 铁 means "iron/rail," so the word literally means "underground iron (rail)." Meanings [noun] Subway, metro. An underground or elevated urban railway system. Example Sentences 我每天坐地铁上班。 Wǒ měitiān zuò dìtiě shàngbān. I take the subway to work every day. 地铁站在哪里？ Dìtiě zhàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the subway station? 坐地铁比坐出租车快。 Zuò dìtiě bǐ zuò chūzūchē...
咖啡 (kāfēi) — coffee
咖啡 (kāfēi) Coffee, the popular hot beverage made from roasted coffee beans. 咖啡 is a phonetic transliteration of the English word "coffee." Meanings [noun] Coffee. A hot drink made from roasted and ground coffee beans. Example Sentences 我喜欢喝咖啡。 Wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. I like to drink coffee. 你要喝咖啡还是茶？ Nǐ yào hē kāfēi háishì chá? Do you want coffee or tea? 我每天早上喝一杯咖啡。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang hē yī bēi kāfēi. I drink...
不得不 (bùdébù) — have no choice but to; must; cannot but
不得不 (bùdébù) 不得不 is an adverbial expression meaning "have no choice but to" or "cannot help but," used when circumstances force someone to do something against their preference. Meanings [adverb / expression] have no choice but to; must; cannot but (indicates that the subject is compelled by circumstances to perform an action, implying reluctance or lack of alternatives) Usage Note 不得不 is placed before a verb and emphasizes that the...
因为 (yīnwèi) — because
因为 (yīnwèi) 因为 means "because." It introduces the reason or cause for a situation, and is frequently paired with 所以 (suǒyǐ, therefore) to form a cause-and-effect structure. Meanings [conjunction] Because; since; due to the fact that (introduces the reason clause). Example Sentences 我迟到了，因为路上堵车。 Wǒ chídào le, yīnwèi lùshàng dǔchē. I was late because there was traffic on the road. 因为今天下雨，所以我没有出门。 Yīnwèi jīntiān xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. Because it...
批评 (pīpíng) — to criticize
批评 (pīpíng) 批评 means to criticize or point out faults. It is used by someone in authority (teacher, parent, leader) or in constructive feedback contexts. It implies an identification of what is wrong, not simply a negative opinion. Meanings [verb] To criticize; to point out faults; to reprimand. [noun] Criticism. Example Sentences 老师批评他上课不认真。 Lǎoshī pīpíng tā shàng kè bù rènzhēn. The teacher criticized him for not paying attention in class....
越来越… (yuè lái yuè...) — more and more...
越来越… (yuè lái yuè...) 越来越 is placed before an adjective or verb to describe something that is continuously increasing in degree. It always refers to a process unfolding over time, not a static comparison. Structure Subject + 越来越 + Adjective/Verb (+ 了) 了 at the end often marks the change as already noticeable. Example Sentences 他的中文越来越流利了。 Tā de Zhōngwén yuè lái yuè liúlì le. His Chinese is getting more and...
书 (shū) — book
书 (shū) A noun meaning book. It is a core vocabulary word that appears in many important compound words related to education, reading, and learning. Meanings [noun] Book, written work. [noun] (In compounds) Writing, calligraphy. Example Sentences 我每天都看书。 Wǒ měitiān dōu kàn shū. I read books every day. 这本书非常有意思。 Zhè běn shū fēicháng yǒu yìsi. This book is very interesting. 图书馆有很多书。 Túshūguǎn yǒu hěn duō shū. The library has many...
故事 (gùshi) — story
故事 (gùshi) 故事 refers to a story or tale, whether fictional or true, short or long, told aloud or written down. Meanings [noun] story; tale; narrative [noun] plot (of a book or film) Example Sentences 爷爷每晚给我讲故事。 Yéye měi wǎn gěi wǒ jiǎng gùshi. Grandpa tells me a story every night. 这个故事很有趣，我很喜欢。 Zhège gùshi hěn yǒuqù, wǒ hěn xǐhuān. This story is very interesting; I like it a lot. 她把自己的故事写成了一本书。 Tā...
才 (cái) — not until; only then
才 (cái) 才 is a timing adverb meaning "not until," "only then," or "just now." It signals that the action happened later, slower, or with more effort than expected. Meanings [adverb] Not until; only after (implying lateness or difficulty). [adverb] Just now; only a moment ago. [adverb] Only; merely (limiting quantity or degree). Example Sentences 他九点才到。 Tā jiǔ diǎn cái dào. He didn't arrive until nine o'clock. 我昨天才知道这件事。 Wǒ zuótiān...
谦虚 (qiānxū) — humble / modest
谦虚 (qiānxū) 谦虚 describes the quality of being humble or modest, not boasting about one's achievements or abilities. Meanings [adjective] humble; modest; unassuming Example Sentences 他虽然很有才华，但总是非常谦虚。 Tā suīrán hěn yǒu cáihuá, dàn zǒng shì fēicháng qiānxū. Although he is very talented, he is always very humble. 谦虚的人更容易受到大家的尊重。 Qiānxū de rén gèng róngyì shòudào dàjiā de zūnzhòng. Humble people are more likely to earn everyone's respect. 面对赞美，她谦虚地说自己还需要进步。 Miànduì zànměi, tā qiānxū...
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient / patience
耐心 (nàixīn) 耐心 describes the quality of being patient, or refers to patience itself as a trait or resource. Meanings [adjective] patient; forbearing [noun] patience Example Sentences 老师很耐心地解释每一个问题。 Lǎoshī hěn nàixīn de jiěshì měi yīgè wèntí. The teacher patiently explained every question. 学习语言需要很大的耐心。 Xuéxí yǔyán xūyào hěn dà de nàixīn. Learning a language requires a great deal of patience. 他对孩子总是很有耐心。 Tā duì háizi zǒng shì hěn yǒu nàixīn. He is...
通过 (tōngguò) — through / pass
通过 (tōngguò) 通过 means to pass (a test, law, or checkpoint) or to achieve something through a certain means or method. As a preposition it means "by means of" or "through." Meanings [verb] To pass (an exam, vote, law, or inspection). [preposition] Through; by means of; via. Example Sentences 他通过了HSK三级考试。 Tā tōngguò le HSK sān jí kǎoshì. He passed the HSK Level 3 exam. 通过努力学习，她终于成功了。 Tōngguò nǔlì xuéxí, tā zhōngyú...
相反 (xiāngfǎn) — opposite; on the contrary
相反 (xiāngfǎn) 相反 is used to express opposition or contradiction between two things, either as an adjective describing opposite states or as a discourse marker introducing a contrasting statement. Meanings [adjective] opposite; contrary; reverse [adverb/conjunction] on the contrary; conversely Example Sentences 他们两人的性格截然相反，一个内敛，一个开朗。 Tāmen liǎng rén de xìnggé jiérán xiāngfǎn, yī gè nèilǎn, yī gè kāilǎng. The two of them have completely opposite personalities -- one introverted, one outgoing. 我以为他会反对，相反，他非常支持这个计划。 Wǒ...
形态 (xíngtài) — form, shape, mode
形态 (xíngtài) 形态 refers to the outward form, configuration, or mode of existence of something — whether physical, social, ideological, or linguistic. It is the standard term for morphology in linguistics and biology, and in social science it refers to how something is organized or manifested. It is closely related to German "Gestalt" in its philosophical usage. Meanings [n] form, shape, configuration (outward appearance or structure) [n] mode, state (the...
但是 (dànshì) — But / however
但是 (dànshì) 但是 is one of the most common conjunctions in Chinese, used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement — equivalent to "but" or "however" in English. Meanings [conjunction] but, however, yet (introduces contrast or an opposing point) Example Sentences 这道菜很好吃，但是太辣了。 Zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī, dànshì tài là le. This dish is delicious, but it is too spicy. 他很努力，但是成绩还是不够好。 Tā hěn nǔlì, dànshì chéngjì háishì bùgòu hǎo. He...
根据 (gēnjù) — based on
根据 (gēnjù) 根据 introduces the source, evidence, or basis for a statement or action. It means "based on" or "according to," and is used to justify conclusions, rules, or decisions. Meanings [preposition] Based on; according to; in light of. [noun] Basis; grounds; evidence. Example Sentences 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。 Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, míngtiān huì xià yǔ. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 根据规定，不能在这里停车。 Gēnjù guīdìng, bù néng zài zhèlǐ tíngchē....
期限 (qīxiàn) — deadline; time limit
期限 (qīxiàn) 期限 means a deadline or time limit, referring to the fixed date or period by which something must be done. Meanings [noun] deadline; time limit; a set period within which something must be completed Example Sentences 这个项目的期限是下周五。 Zhège xiàngmù de qīxiàn shì xià zhōuwǔ. The deadline for this project is next Friday. 我们必须在规定期限内完成任务。 Wǒmen bìxū zài guīdìng qīxiàn nèi wánchéng rènwu. We must complete the task within the...
腐败 (fǔbài) — corruption; corrupt
腐败 (fǔbài) 腐败 literally means to rot or decay (of organic matter), and figuratively refers to moral decay, corruption, and abuse of power for private gain. It is the standard term in political, social, and ethical discourse for corruption. Meanings [noun] corruption; bribery and abuse of power [adjective] corrupt; rotten; morally decayed [verb] to rot; to decay (literal); to become corrupt (figurative) Example Sentences 打击腐败是中国政府近年来持续推进的重要政治议程。 Dǎjī fǔbài shì Zhōngguó zhèngfǔ...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious; earnest; conscientious
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes an attitude of taking something seriously and giving it your full, careful attention. It can modify behavior (认真工作 — work conscientiously) or describe a person (她很认真 — she is very serious/diligent). It is distinct from 努力 (hard work in terms of effort) — 认真 emphasizes carefulness and focus. Meanings [adj] Serious; earnest — taking something with genuine care and attention. [adj] Conscientious; meticulous — thorough and...
语境 (yǔjìng) — context, linguistic environment
语境 (yǔjìng) 语境 refers to the context — linguistic, situational, social, or cultural — in which a word, sentence, or text is used. Understanding 语境 is essential for interpreting meaning correctly, since many Chinese words and expressions change significantly in meaning depending on context. It is a core concept in linguistics, translation, and language pedagogy. Meanings [n] linguistic context (the surrounding text that clarifies meaning) [n] situational/cultural context (the broader...
可以 (kěyǐ) — can, may (permission or possibility)
可以 (kěyǐ) 可以 expresses permission ("you may") or general possibility ("it is okay to"). Key contrast: 能 (néng) expresses physical ability or learned skill ("I can swim"), while 可以 expresses whether something is allowed or feasible ("you can leave now"). Meanings [modal verb] May, can (permission: you are allowed to). [modal verb] Can, be able to (possibility: it is feasible). Example Sentences 你可以在这里停车。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhèlǐ tíng chē. You...
概括 (gàikuò) — to summarize; to generalize
概括 (gàikuò) 概括 means to summarize or give a concise overview of something, capturing the essential points without unnecessary detail. It also functions as an adjective meaning "concise" or "general." Meanings [verb] to summarize; to generalize; to give a concise account [adjective] concise; general; broad in scope Example Sentences 能否用几句话概括一下这篇文章的主旨？ Néng fǒu yòng jǐ jù huà gàikuò yīxià zhè piān wénzhāng de zhǔzhǐ? Can you summarize the main point of...
思考 (sīkǎo) — to think; to ponder
思考 (sīkǎo) 思考 means to think carefully or reflect on something -- it implies a deliberate, focused mental effort rather than casual thought. Meanings [verb] to think (carefully); to ponder; to reflect on [noun] thought; reflection; consideration Example Sentences 请认真思考这个问题。 Qǐng rènzhēn sīkǎo zhège wèntí. Please think carefully about this question. 他深思考了很久才做出决定。 Tā shēn sīkǎole hěn jiǔ cái zuòchū juédìng. He pondered for a long time before making a decision....
平等 (píngděng) — equality; equal
平等 (píngděng) Equality means the state of being equal, particularly in terms of rights, status, and opportunities, without discrimination based on gender, race, class, or other factors. Meanings [noun] equality; equal standing; parity [adjective] equal; on an equal footing; equitable Example Sentences 宪法保障所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 Xiànfǎ bǎozhàng suǒyǒu gōngmín zài fǎlǜ miànqián yīlǜ píngděng. The constitution guarantees that all citizens are equal before the law. 性别平等是现代社会追求的重要目标之一。 Xìngbié píngděng shì xiàndài shèhuì zhuīqiú...
担任 (dānrèn) — to serve as; to hold (a position)
担任 (dānrèn) 担任 describes the formal holding of a position, role, or responsibility, often in an official or professional context. Meanings [verb] To serve as, to hold (a position or role), to take on (a responsibility). Example Sentences 他在这家公司担任首席财务官已有十年之久。 Tā zài zhè jiā gōngsī dānrèn shǒuxí cáiwùguān yǐ yǒu shí nián zhī jiǔ. He has served as Chief Financial Officer of this company for ten years. 她被邀请担任本届国际学术会议的主席。 Tā bèi yāoqǐng...
倡导 (chàngdǎo) — to advocate; to promote
倡导 (chàngdǎo) 倡导 means to actively promote or advocate for a particular idea, value, practice, or cause, often used when someone or an organization takes a leading role in encouraging others to adopt a behavior or belief. Meanings [verb] to advocate; to promote; to champion (to actively encourage or promote an idea, value, or behavior) Example Sentences 政府大力倡导健康生活方式，鼓励市民多运动、少喝酒、戒烟。 Zhèngfǔ dàlì chàngdǎo jiànkāng shēnghuó fāngshì, gǔlì shìmín duō yùndòng, shǎo hējiǔ,...
漂亮 (piàoliang) — beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) An adjective meaning beautiful or pretty, most naturally used to describe people, especially women. Compare with 好看 (hǎokàn), which means "pleasant to look at" and applies more broadly to objects and scenery. 漂亮 carries a stronger sense of striking beauty and is more personal. Meanings [adjective] Beautiful, pretty (primarily for people and their appearance). [adjective] Excellent, impressive (for actions or results, informal). Example Sentences 她长得很漂亮。 Tā zhǎng de...
带动 (dàidòng) — to drive; to spur; to lead along
带动 (dàidòng) To drive or spur something means to cause it to progress, develop, or move forward through direct influence, acting like a motor that pulls other parts along with it. Meanings [verb] to drive; to spur; to pull along; to lead the way for; to bring about (development or change in others) Example Sentences 旅游业的发展带动了当地经济的整体增长。 Lǚyóuyè de fāzhǎn dàidòngle dāngdì jīngjì de zhěngtǐ zēngzhǎng. The development of the tourism...
立场 (lìchǎng) — standpoint; position
立场 (lìchǎng) 立场 refers to a person's or organization's fundamental viewpoint or position on an issue, especially in political, diplomatic, or ideological debates. Meanings [noun] standpoint; position; stance; point of view Example Sentences 政府在这一问题上的立场十分明确，不会做出妥协。 Zhèngfǔ zài zhè yī wèntí shàng de lìchǎng shífēn míngquè, bù huì zuò chū tuǒxié. The government's position on this issue is very clear and will not compromise. 双方在谈判中坚守各自的立场，导致协议迟迟未能达成。 Shuāngfāng zài tánpàn zhōng jiānshǒu gèzì de...
有名 (yǒumíng) — famous; well-known; celebrated
有名 (yǒumíng) 有名 describes someone or something that is widely known and recognized. Meanings [adj] famous; well-known; celebrated; renowned Example Sentences 这家餐厅的北京烤鸭非常有名。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de Běijīng kǎoyā fēicháng yǒumíng. This restaurant's Peking duck is very famous. 她是一位有名的钢琴家。 Tā shì yī wèi yǒumíng de gāngqínjia. She is a famous pianist. 那座山在全国都很有名。 Nà zuò shān zài quánguó dōu hěn yǒumíng. That mountain is well-known throughout the country. 他因为发明了这个产品而变得有名。 Tā yīnwèi fāmíng...
开心 (kāixīn) — happy; delighted
开心 (kāixīn) 开心 describes a feeling of happiness and delight, often in a warm, personal context. Meanings [adj] happy; delighted; in a cheerful mood Example Sentences 今天过得很开心，谢谢你们！ Jīntiān guò de hěn kāixīn, xièxiè nǐmen! Today was really fun, thank you all! 看到孩子们笑，我就开心了。 Kàn dào háizimen xiào, wǒ jiù kāixīn le. Seeing the children smile makes me happy. 希望你每天都开心快乐。 Xīwàng nǐ měitiān dōu kāixīn kuàilè. I hope you are happy and...
七 (qī) — seven
七 (qī) The number seven; 七 is a fairly neutral number in Chinese culture, associated with relationships and the Qixi Festival (七夕节, the Chinese Valentine's Day on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month). Meanings [number] Seven, the digit 7. Example Sentences 我每天早上七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at seven every morning. 这个星期有七天。 Zhège xīngqī yǒu qī tiān. There are seven days in a week....
努力 (nǔlì) — to work hard / effort / diligent
努力 (nǔlì) To exert great effort toward a goal; also used as an adjective to describe a hard-working person and as a noun meaning "effort." Meanings [verb] To work hard, to make an effort, to strive. [adjective] Hard-working, diligent, industrious. [noun] Effort, hard work. Example Sentences 他很努力，每天都学习到很晚。 Tā hěn nǔlì, měitiān dōu xuéxí dào hěn wǎn. He is very hard-working and studies until very late every day. 只要努力，就一定能成功。 Zhǐyào nǔlì,...
从来 (cónglái) — never / always (with negation)
从来 (cónglái) An adverb always used with a negative word (不 or 没有) to express that something has never happened or has consistently not been the case. Meanings [adverb] Never (used with 不 for habits: 从来不). [adverb] Never/not once (used with 没有 for past events: 从来没有). Example Sentences 他从来不吃辣的食物。 Tā cónglái bù chī là de shíwù. He never eats spicy food. 我从来没有去过非洲。 Wǒ cónglái méiyǒu qùguò Fēizhōu. I have never...
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) — mental health
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) 心理健康 refers to mental and emotional wellbeing. As awareness of mental health grows in Chinese society, this term has become increasingly important in both everyday and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] mental health; psychological wellbeing; emotional health Example Sentences 我们要同样重视身体健康和心理健康。 Wǒmen yào tóngyàng zhòngshì shēntǐ jiànkāng hé xīnlǐ jiànkāng. We should pay equal attention to physical health and mental health. 长期的压力会影响一个人的心理健康。 Chángqī de yālì huì yǐngxiǎng yī gè...
正常 (zhèngcháng) — normal; regular; usual
正常 (zhèngcháng) 正常 describes a state, condition, or behavior that falls within the expected, standard, or healthy range. Meanings [adjective] Normal; regular; usual; within the standard range. Example Sentences 他的体温很正常。 Tā de tǐwēn hěn zhèngcháng. His body temperature is quite normal. 今天一切都很正常。 Jīntiān yīqiè dōu hěn zhèngcháng. Everything is completely normal today. 这种担心是正常的。 Zhè zhǒng dānyōu shì zhèngcháng de. This kind of worry is normal. 火车运行正常，没有延误。 Huǒchē yùnxíng zhèngcháng, méiyǒu...
搬 (bān) — to move (objects or residence)
搬 (bān) 搬 means to move something from one place to another, usually by carrying it. It is used both for moving objects and for moving house or residence. 搬家 (to move house) is one of the most common compounds. Meanings [verb] To move an object by carrying it from one place to another. [verb] To move house; to relocate one's residence. Example Sentences 帮我搬一下这张桌子。 Bāng wǒ bān yīxià zhè...
作用 (zuòyòng) — function; role; effect
作用 (zuòyòng) 作用 refers to the function or role that something plays, or the effect and impact it has on something else. Meanings [noun] function; role; the purpose something serves [noun] effect; impact; the result produced by an action or substance Example Sentences 这种药对发烧有很好的作用。 Zhè zhǒng yào duì fāshāo yǒu hěn hǎo de zuòyòng. This medicine has a very good effect on fever. 老师在学生的成长中起了很大的作用。 Lǎoshī zài xuésheng de chéngzhǎng zhōng...
大概 (dàgài) — approximately
大概 (dàgài) 大概 means approximately, roughly, or probably. It signals that the speaker is estimating rather than giving a precise figure, and can also express probability about a future event. Meanings [adverb] Approximately; roughly; about; around. [adverb] Probably; most likely. Example Sentences 我大概明天下午到。 Wǒ dàgài míngtiān xiàwǔ dào. I'll probably arrive tomorrow afternoon. 这里大概有两百个人。 Zhèlǐ dàgài yǒu liǎngbǎi gè rén. There are approximately two hundred people here. 他大概是生病了，所以没来。 Tā dàgài...
即使 (jíshǐ) — even if; even though
即使 (jíshǐ) 即使 introduces a concessive condition — "even if" or "even though." It presents an extreme or hypothetical scenario and states that even under that scenario, the conclusion in the second clause (marked by 也) still stands. The condition may be real or imaginary. Meanings [conjunction] Even if; even though — presents an extreme condition (real or hypothetical) that does not change the outcome, always paired with 也 in...
之前 (zhīqián) — before; prior to
之前 (zhīqián) 之前 means "before" or "prior to." It marks a point in time earlier than a specified event or action. Like 之后, it follows the reference point (a noun, verb phrase, or clause) that anchors the timeline. Meanings [adverb] Before; prior to; previously — indicates that the action took place earlier than the stated reference point. Compare 之前 vs 以前 Word Usage 之前 Requires a preceding reference point; slightly...
描绘 (miáohuì) — to depict; to portray
描绘 (miáohuì) 描绘 means to depict or portray something in vivid detail, whether through words, images, or other artistic means, suggesting a rich, pictorial quality of description. Meanings [verb] to depict; to portray; to describe with vivid detail [verb] to draw or paint (a scene, figure, or world) in words or images Example Sentences 这位作家善于用细腻的笔触描绘人物的内心世界。 Zhè wèi zuòjiā shànyú yòng xìnì de bǐchù miáohuì rénwù de nèixīn shìjiè. This writer...
铸造 (zhùzào) — to cast; to forge; casting
铸造 (zhùzào) 铸造 refers to the process of casting or forging metal objects by melting and pouring into moulds, and is also used metaphorically to describe the shaping or forging of character, culture, or history. Meanings [verb/noun] to cast; casting (of metal or other materials) [verb] to forge; to shape; to create (metaphorical, of character or achievement) Example Sentences 这座铜像由古代工匠精心铸造而成，至今保存完好。 Zhè zuò tóngxiàng yóu gǔdài gōngjiàng jīngxīn zhùzào ér chéng,...
一定 (yīdìng) — certainly / a certain
一定 (yīdìng) Used as an adverb meaning "certainly/definitely," or as an adjective meaning "a certain (amount/degree)." Meanings [adverb] Certainly, definitely, surely. [adjective] A certain, a fixed, a particular (amount or degree). Example Sentences 你一定要好好学习。 Nǐ yīdìng yào hǎohǎo xuéxí. You must study hard (for certain). 这件事一定很重要。 Zhè jiàn shì yīdìng hěn zhòngyào. This matter is certainly very important. 学好中文需要一定的时间。 Xué hǎo zhōngwén xūyào yīdìng de shíjiān. Learning Chinese well requires...
另 (lìng) — another / other
另 (lìng) 另 means another or other, pointing to a separate, different item from what has already been mentioned. It is often followed by a measure word or noun. Compare with 另外 (furthermore), which can also connect sentences. Meanings [pronoun/adjective] Another; other; a different (one); separate. Example Sentences 这个不好，我要另一个。 Zhège bù hǎo, wǒ yào lìng yī gè. This one is not good; I want another one. 我们另找一个地方谈吧。 Wǒmen lìng zhǎo...
怀疑 (huáiyí) — to doubt; to suspect
怀疑 (huáiyí) 怀疑 means to doubt or suspect something or someone, and can also function as a noun meaning doubt or suspicion. Meanings [verb] to doubt; to suspect; to question [noun] doubt; suspicion Example Sentences 我怀疑他说的不是真话。 Wǒ huáiyí tā shuō de bù shì zhēnhuà. I suspect what he said is not true. 她对这个计划有很多怀疑。 Tā duì zhège jìhuà yǒu hěn duō huáiyí. She has many doubts about this plan. 别怀疑自己的能力。 Bié...
免疫 (miǎnyì) — immunity, immune
免疫 (miǎnyì) 免疫 refers to the biological capacity of an organism to resist disease, or more broadly, to being protected from or unaffected by something harmful. Meanings [noun] immunity (biological or metaphorical) [verb] to be immune to, to have immunity against Example Sentences 接种疫苗可以增强人体对疾病的免疫能力。 Jiēzhòng yìmiáo kěyǐ zēngqiáng réntǐ duì jíbìng de miǎnyì nénglì. Vaccination can enhance the body's immunity against disease. 他的免疫系统因长期压力而变得脆弱。 Tā de miǎnyì xìtǒng yīn chángqī yālì...
测试 (cèshì) — Test, to test
测试 (cèshì) 测试 refers to the process of examining, evaluating, or checking the performance, quality, or correctness of something -- commonly used in technical, academic, and product development contexts. Meanings [verb] to test; to examine; to evaluate; to trial [noun] test; trial; examination; assessment Example Sentences 软件发布前必须经过严格的测试。 Ruǎnjiàn fābù qián bìxū jīngguò yángé de cèshì. Software must undergo rigorous testing before release. 这款新产品正处于测试阶段，尚未正式上市。 Zhè kuǎn xīn chǎnpǐn zhèng chǔyú cèshì...
低碳 (dītàn) — low-carbon
低碳 (dītàn) 低碳 describes activities, technologies, lifestyles, or economies that produce significantly fewer carbon dioxide emissions, and is closely associated with efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development. Meanings [adjective] low-carbon; producing or emitting less carbon dioxide (describing sustainable, eco-friendly practices) Example Sentences 发展低碳经济是应对气候变化、实现可持续发展的必然选择。 Fāzhǎn dītàn jīngjì shì yìngduì qìhòu biànhuà, shíxiàn kěchíxù fāzhǎn de bìrán xuǎnzé. Developing a low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for addressing climate...
又 (yòu) — again (past), also, both
又 (yòu) Used before a verb to indicate that something happened again (past repetition). Key contrast with 再 (zài): 又 describes repetition that has already occurred, while 再 describes repetition that will or should happen in the future. Meanings [adv] Again (past repetition): something happened one more time. [adv] Also, both, and (linking two attributes simultaneously). Example Sentences 他又来了。 Tā yòu lái le. He came again. 她又忘记了。 Tā yòu wàngjì...
怎么 (zěnme) — how, why
怎么 (zěnme) An interrogative word used before a verb to ask "how" something is done or "why" something happened; for asking about state or condition (how something is), use 怎么样 instead. Meanings [adverb] How (manner of an action: 怎么 + verb). [adverb] Why, how come (expressing surprise at a situation). Example Sentences 这个字怎么读？ Zhège zì zěnme dú? How do you read this character? 你怎么来这里的？ Nǐ zěnme lái zhèlǐ de? How...
放下 (fàngxia) — to put down / let go
放下 (fàngxia) 放下 means to put down or set something down. It is also used figuratively to mean letting go of a burden, worry, or grudge. 放 means to release or place, and 下 indicates a downward direction. Meanings [verb] To put down; to set down (physically place something on a surface). [verb] To let go of; to stop holding onto (a feeling, worry, or attachment). Example Sentences 请把手机放下，认真听课。 Qǐng...
增加 (zēngjiā) — to increase
增加 (zēngjiā) 增加 means to increase or add to something. It describes a quantity, level, or amount becoming larger, whether gradually or deliberately. Meanings [verb] To increase; to add; to grow; to raise (a quantity). Example Sentences 这个城市的人口不断增加。 Zhège chéngshì de rénkǒu búduàn zēngjiā. The population of this city keeps increasing. 他增加了每天的练习时间。 Tā zēngjiā le měitiān de liànxí shíjiān. He increased his daily practice time. 公司决定增加工资。 Gōngsī juédìng zēngjiā gōngzī....
通过 (tōngguò) — through; by means of; to pass
通过 (tōngguò) 通过 can mean "to pass through" a place, "to pass" an exam or vote, or "by means of" as a preposition indicating a method or channel. Meanings [preposition] Through; by means of; via (indicates the method or channel used). [verb] To pass (an exam, a law, a review); to go through. Example Sentences 他通过努力学习，终于考上了大学。 Tā tōngguò nǔlì xuéxí, zhōngyú kǎo shàng le dàxué. By studying hard, he finally...
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient; patience
耐心 (nàixīn) 耐心 describes the ability to remain calm and composed while waiting or dealing with something slow or difficult. Meanings [adj/noun] patient; patience; the ability to endure delay or difficulty without losing composure Example Sentences 老师很耐心地给我们解释每一道题。 Lǎoshī hěn nàixīn de gěi wǒmen jiěshì měi yī dào tí. The teacher patiently explained every question to us. 做这份工作需要很大的耐心。 Zuò zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn dà de nàixīn. This job requires a...
提到 (tídào) — to mention; to bring up
提到 (tídào) 提到 means to mention or bring up a topic, referring to the act of briefly referring to something in conversation or writing without necessarily elaborating on it. Meanings [verb] to mention; to bring up; to refer to Example Sentences 他在演讲中提到了环境污染的问题。 Tā zài yǎnjiǎng zhōng tídàole huánjìng wūrǎn de wèntí. He mentioned the issue of environmental pollution in his speech. 你刚才提到的那本书，我也读过。 Nǐ gāngcái tídào de nà běn shū, wǒ...
灭绝 (mièjué) — Extinction, to exterminate
灭绝 (mièjué) 灭绝 refers to the complete dying out or elimination of a species, language, or group -- the point of no return where something ceases to exist entirely. Meanings [verb] to become extinct; to exterminate completely; to wipe out [noun] extinction; extermination Example Sentences 恐龙在大约六千五百万年前灭绝了。 Kǒnglóng zài dàyuē liù qiān wǔ bǎi wàn nián qián mièjué le. Dinosaurs went extinct approximately 65 million years ago. 人类的过度猎杀导致了许多动物物种的灭绝。 Rénlèi de guòdù...
辩论 (biànlùn) — to debate; a debate
辩论 (biànlùn) 辩论 refers to formal or structured argumentation between opposing sides, and as a noun, it denotes a debate or controversy, implying adversarial intellectual exchange. Meanings [verb] to debate; to argue opposing positions formally [noun] a debate; a controversy; a formal exchange of opposing arguments Example Sentences 两位候选人在电视上就经济政策展开了激烈辩论。 Liǎng wèi hòuxuǎn rén zài diànshì shàng jiù jīngjì zhèngcè zhǎnkāile jīliè biànlùn. The two candidates engaged in a fierce debate...
它 (tā) — it
它 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for animals, objects, and abstract things; it sounds identical to 他 (he) and 她 (she) — all pronounced tā — but is written distinctly for clarity in text. Meanings [pronoun] It (subject or object, referring to non-human entities). [pronoun] Its (before 的: 它的). Example Sentences 这只猫很可爱，它叫小白。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài, tā jiào Xiǎo Bái. This cat is very cute; it is called Xiao...
相反 (xiāngfǎn) — opposite; contrary; on the contrary
相反 (xiāngfǎn) 相反 means "opposite" or "contrary." As an adjective it describes two things that are diametrically opposed. As an adverb (often 相反地 or as a sentence connector), it introduces a statement that is the reverse of what was just said — similar to English "on the contrary." Meanings [adjective] Opposite; contrary; reverse — describes two things that point in opposite directions. [adverb] On the contrary; instead — introduces a...
诠释 (quánshì) — to interpret, to give a full explanation
诠释 (quánshì) 诠释 means to interpret something fully and authoritatively, giving a complete account of its meaning. It is more comprehensive than ordinary explanation and implies that the interpretation is thorough and definitive. It is used not only for texts but also for abstract concepts, artworks, roles, and life experiences. Uniquely, it can describe how a person "embodies" or "brings to life" something through their actions. Meanings [v] to interpret;...
根据 (gēnjù) — according to; based on; basis
根据 (gēnjù) 根据 introduces the source, evidence, or basis upon which an action or conclusion rests, and also functions as a noun meaning a foundation or grounds. Meanings [preposition] According to, based on, in accordance with. [noun] Basis, grounds, evidence, foundation. Example Sentences 根据最新的调查报告，超过半数的受访者对现有的医疗服务不满意。 Gēnjù zuìxīn de diàochá bàogào, chāoguò bànshù de shòufǎng zhě duì xiànyǒu de yīliáo fúwù bù mǎnyì. According to the latest survey report, more than half...
忙 (máng) — busy
忙 (máng) An adjective describing a state of being occupied with work or tasks, leaving little free time. Meanings [adjective] Busy, occupied with work or activities. [verb] To busy oneself with something; to rush around doing things. Example Sentences 我今天很忙，没有时间吃饭。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn máng, méiyǒu shíjiān chīfàn. I am very busy today and have no time to eat. 你最近忙吗？ Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? Have you been busy lately? 他忙着工作，忘了给我打电话。 Tā...
审视 (shěnshì) — to scrutinize, to examine critically
审视 (shěnshì) 审视 means to scrutinize or examine something carefully, often with a critical or evaluative eye. It implies more than casual observation — the examiner is actively judging, assessing, or reconsidering. The word can be used for both physical examination (looking carefully at something) and intellectual scrutiny (critically reviewing an assumption or situation). Meanings [v] to scrutinize; to examine carefully and critically [v] to review; to reassess (an idea,...
进口 (jìnkǒu) — import; to import
进口 (jìnkǒu) 进口 refers to the importation of goods or services from another country, or the imported goods themselves, and is a fundamental term in trade, economics, and commerce. Meanings [verb] to import (goods or services) [noun] imports; imported goods Example Sentences 这批进口设备大大提升了工厂的生产效率。 Zhè pī jìnkǒu shèbèi dàdà tíshēngle gōngchǎng de shēngchǎn xiàolǜ. This batch of imported equipment greatly improved the factory's production efficiency. 该国的石油主要依赖进口，国内储量有限。 Gāi guó de shíyóu zhǔyào...
表演 (biǎoyǎn) — to perform / performance
表演 (biǎoyǎn) 表演 functions as both a verb meaning to perform and a noun meaning a performance or show. It covers all types of artistic performance including music, dance, acting, and acrobatics. Meanings [verb] To perform; to put on a show; to act. [noun] Performance; show; act; demonstration. Example Sentences 孩子们在舞台上表演了一首歌。 Háizimen zài wǔtái shang biǎoyǎn le yī shǒu gē. The children performed a song on stage. 今晚的表演非常精彩。 Jīn wǎn...
辩证 (biànzhèng) — to analyze dialectically; dialectical
辩证 (biànzhèng) 辩证 refers to dialectical reasoning or analysis, examining things by considering contradictions, opposing forces, and their dynamic interplay. As an adjective, it describes a way of thinking that acknowledges both sides of an issue and the process of change. It is deeply rooted in Marxist philosophy in Chinese academia and is central to academic and political discourse. Meanings [adj] dialectical; relating to dialectics [v] to analyze dialectically; to...
证书 (zhèngshū) — certificate; credential
证书 (zhèngshū) 证书 means "certificate" or "credential" and refers to an official document that proves a qualification, achievement, or authorization. Meanings [noun] certificate; credential; diploma; license Example Sentences 她获得了汉语水平考试的证书。 Tā huòdé le Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì de zhèngshū. She obtained a certificate from the Chinese Proficiency Test. 申请这份工作需要提交相关证书。 Shēnqǐng zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào tíjiāo xiāngguān zhèngshū. Applying for this job requires submitting relevant certificates. 他的办公室挂着各种专业证书。 Tā de bàngōngshì guà zhe gèzhǒng...
资质 (zīzhì) — qualification; aptitude
资质 (zīzhì) 资质 refers to a person's innate ability, natural talent, or formally verified qualification, and is commonly used in professional, academic, and HR contexts at B2 level. Meanings [noun] qualification; credential; certification [noun] aptitude; natural ability; endowment Example Sentences 他的资质完全符合这个职位的要求。 Tā de zīzhì wánquán fúhé zhège zhíwèi de yāoqiú. His qualifications fully meet the requirements of this position. 这家公司拥有国家级的建筑资质。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yōngyǒu guójiājí de jiànzhù zīzhì. This company...
技术 (jìshù) — technology; technique; skill
技术 (jìshù) 技术 refers to technology, technical skill, or a specialized technique used in a particular field. Meanings [noun] Technology; technique; technical skill. Example Sentences 这家公司在技术方面领先全球。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài jìshù fāngmiàn lǐngxiān quánqiú. This company leads the world in technology. 他的技术非常熟练。 Tā de jìshù fēicháng shúliàn. His technical skills are very proficient. 新技术的应用改变了我们的生活方式。 Xīn jìshù de yìngyòng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. The application of new technology has...
处理 (chǔlǐ) — to handle; to deal with; to process
处理 (chǔlǐ) 处理 covers the full range of managing, resolving, and processing — from everyday problems to technical operations. Meanings [verb] To handle, to deal with, to manage, to take care of (a situation or problem). [verb] To process, to treat (data, materials, or cases). Example Sentences 她每天都要处理大量的工作邮件，效率非常高。 Tā měitiān dōu yào chǔlǐ dàliàng de gōngzuò yóujiàn, xiàolǜ fēicháng gāo. She has to handle a large volume of work emails...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible, maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility. It works as an adverb meaning "maybe" (placed before a verb or adjective) or as an adjective meaning "possible" (used with 有/没有). Both uses are common. Meanings [adverb] Maybe, possibly (modifying a verb or adjective: 可能来 "may come"). [adjective] Possible (used with 有/没有: 有可能 "there is a possibility"). Example Sentences 他可能明天来。 Tā kěnéng míngtiān lái. He may come tomorrow. 这件事有可能发生。 Zhè jiàn shì yǒu kěnéng...
总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) — generally speaking
总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) 总的来说 is a set phrase used to introduce a general conclusion or overall assessment, equivalent to "generally speaking," "overall," or "on the whole." Meanings [phrase] generally speaking; on the whole; overall Example Sentences 总的来说，这次旅行很愉快。 Zǒng de lái shuō, zhè cì lǚxíng hěn yúkuài. Generally speaking, this trip was very enjoyable. 总的来说，他的表现还不错。 Zǒng de lái shuō, tā de biǎoxiàn hái bùcuò. Overall, his performance was not...
长 (cháng) — long
长 (cháng) An adjective meaning "long," referring to physical length (a long road) or duration (a long time). Its antonym is 短 (duǎn), meaning "short." Note: 长 has a second reading, zhǎng, meaning "to grow" or "elder," but the HSK 1 meaning is cháng (long). Meanings [adjective] Long (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条路很长。 Zhè tiáo lù hěn cháng. This road is very long. 她的头发很长。 Tā de...
概述 (gàishù) — to summarize, to give an overview
概述 (gàishù) 概述 means to summarize or give an overview — to describe something briefly but comprehensively, covering the essential points without going into detail. It is commonly used at the beginning of academic papers, reports, and presentations to provide a bird's-eye view before diving into specifics. As a noun, it refers to a summary or overview document. Meanings [v] to summarize; to give a general overview of [n] an...
羡慕 (xiànmù) — to envy; to admire
羡慕 (xiànmù) 羡慕 describes the feeling of admiring someone else's qualities, situation, or possessions and wishing you had the same. It combines admiration with a gentle longing, and unlike the English word "envy," it does not necessarily carry a negative or resentful connotation in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to envy; to admire with longing; to look up to and wish you had the same Example Sentences 她羡慕同事能流利地说三门外语，决心也开始认真学习语言。 Tā xiànmù tóngshì néng...
的 (de) — structural particle
的 (de) 的 is the most common character in written Chinese. It is a structural particle with three main functions: marking possession, linking a modifier to a noun, and nominalizing a phrase. Meanings [particle] Possessive marker: X的Y means "Y of X" or "X's Y." [particle] Noun modifier marker: links an adjective, verb phrase, or clause to the noun it describes. [particle] Nominalizer: placed after a phrase to turn it into...
内在 (nèizài) — intrinsic, internal
内在 (nèizài) 内在 describes qualities, forces, or characteristics that exist within something inherently, as opposed to those imposed or visible from the outside. Meanings [adjective] intrinsic, internal, inherent, inner Example Sentences 真正的美来自内在，而不仅仅是外表。 Zhēnzhèng de měi láizì nèizài, ér bù jǐnjǐn shì wàibiǎo. True beauty comes from within, not just from appearance. 我们需要理解事物发展的内在规律。 Wǒmen xūyào lǐjiě shìwù fāzhǎn de nèizài guīlǜ. We need to understand the intrinsic laws governing the development...
制约 (zhìyuē) — to constrain, to restrict
制约 (zhìyuē) 制约 refers to the limiting or constraining of something's development, action, or scope, especially through systemic, structural, or environmental factors. Meanings [verb] to constrain, to restrict, to check (especially through rules, systems, or conditions) [noun] constraint, restriction, check Example Sentences 资金不足是制约这家初创公司发展的主要因素。 Zījīn bùzú shì zhìyuē zhè jiā chūchuàng gōngsī fāzhǎn de zhǔyào yīnsù. Insufficient funding is the main factor constraining the development of this startup. 权力需要受到有效的制约，才能防止腐败的发生。 Quánlì xūyào...
容易 (róngyì) — easy, likely
容易 (róngyì) Describes something that requires little effort (easy) or something that is prone to happen (likely, liable to). The opposite is 难 (nán, difficult). Meanings [adj] Easy, not difficult. [adj] Likely to happen, prone to. Example Sentences 这道题很容易。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì. This question is very easy. 学汉语不容易。 Xué Hànyǔ bù róngyì. Learning Chinese is not easy. 这种天气容易感冒。 Zhè zhǒng tiānqì róngyì gǎnmào. In this kind of weather...
总是 (zǒngshì) — always; invariably
总是 (zǒngshì) 总是 describes an action that happens every time or is characteristic of someone. It refers to a repeated habit or a defining trait, not necessarily a continuous state. This sets it apart from 一直 (yīzhí), which means "continuously" or "the whole time." Place 总是 before the verb. Meanings [adv] Always; invariably — happens every time, a consistent habit. [adv] Keeps doing; perpetually — a repeated tendency (sometimes with...
以后 (yǐhòu) — after / in the future / from now on
以后 (yǐhòu) A time reference word meaning "after" a specific point in time, or "in the future / from now on" when used without a reference. Always refers to time later than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] After (a specific time), following. [noun/adverb] In the future, from now on, later. Example Sentences 下课以后，我们去喝咖啡吧。 Xià kè yǐhòu, wǒmen qù hē kāfēi ba. After class, let's go drink coffee. 以后我想住在海边。 Yǐhòu wǒ...
警示 (jǐngshì) — to warn; a warning
警示 (jǐngshì) 警示 means to warn or to serve as a warning, and is commonly used in safety, legal, and educational contexts to alert people to dangers or consequences. Meanings [verb] to warn; to caution; to alert [noun] a warning; a caution; an alert Example Sentences 这个案例对其他企业具有重要的警示意义。 Zhège ànlì duì qítā qǐyè jùyǒu zhòngyào de jǐngshì yìyì. This case has important warning significance for other enterprises. 政府在危险路段设置了警示标志。 Zhèngfǔ zài wēixiǎn...
沟通 (gōutōng) — Communicate, communication
沟通 (gōutōng) 沟通 refers to the process of communicating effectively with others -- exchanging information, ideas, or feelings -- and is one of the most important interpersonal skills emphasized in Chinese professional and social contexts. Meanings [verb] to communicate; to liaise; to bridge a gap [noun] communication; coordination; mutual understanding Example Sentences 有效沟通是建立良好人际关系的基础。 Yǒuxiào gōutōng shì jiànlì liánghǎo rénjì guānxi de jīchǔ. Effective communication is the foundation of building good...
治疗师 (zhìliáoshī) — therapist
治疗师 (zhìliáoshī) 治疗师 refers to a therapist, a trained professional who provides treatment for physical or psychological conditions. It covers a range of specialists from physical therapists to psychotherapists. Meanings [noun] therapist; a professional who provides therapeutic treatment Example Sentences 她每周去看治疗师，帮助自己处理焦虑问题。 Tā měi zhōu qù kàn zhìliáoshī, bāngzhù zìjǐ chǔlǐ jiāolǜ wèntí. She sees a therapist every week to help manage her anxiety. 治疗师建议他进行呼吸练习来减轻压力。 Zhìliáoshī jiànyì tā jìnxíng hūxī liànxí...
批评 (pīpíng) — to criticize; criticism
批评 (pīpíng) 批评 means to point out errors, faults, or problems with someone or something, ranging from constructive feedback to harsh condemnation. Meanings [verb] To criticize, to reproach, to find fault with. [noun] Criticism, critique, reproach. Example Sentences 这位导演的新作品受到了影评人的严厉批评，票房也十分惨淡。 Zhè wèi dǎoyǎn de xīn zuòpǐn shòudào le yǐngpíngrén de yánlì pīpíng, piàofáng yě shífēn cǎndàn. The director's new work received harsh criticism from film critics, and the box office was...
热情 (rèqíng) — warm, enthusiastic, passionate
热情 (rèqíng) Describes a person who is warm, friendly, and enthusiastic in dealing with others. As a noun it means passion or enthusiasm. It is often used to praise someone's hospitality or eagerness. Meanings [adj] Warm, enthusiastic, hospitable. [noun] Passion, enthusiasm, warmth. Example Sentences 她对客人很热情。 Tā duì kèrén hěn rèqíng. She is very warm toward guests. 他对工作充满热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò chōngmǎn rèqíng. He is full of passion for his work....
画 (huà) — to draw, to paint; a painting
画 (huà) 画 means to draw or paint as a verb, and a drawing or painting as a noun. It covers any act of making visual art with lines or color. Meanings [verb] To draw, to paint. [noun] A picture, a painting. Example Sentences 她喜欢画画。 Tā xǐhuān huà huà. She likes drawing. (The first 画 is the verb, the second is the noun.) 他画了一幅山水画。 Tā huà le yī fú shānshuǐ...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a versatile sentence-final particle. At HSK 2 level, it appears in three main roles: making suggestions, softening assumptions, and forming tag questions. It always carries a neutral tone (ba). Meanings [particle] Suggestion or invitation: "let's..." or "shall we...?" Placed at the end of a proposal to make it sound friendly rather than commanding. [particle] Assumption or inference: "I suppose..." or "probably..." Used when the speaker thinks...
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) — see you tomorrow
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) 明天见 means "see you tomorrow." It is a specific, warm farewell used when you know you will meet the other person the next day. Meanings [phrase] See you tomorrow (farewell when parting for the night or day, with a meeting planned for tomorrow). Example Sentences 好的，明天见！ Hǎo de, míngtiān jiàn! All right, see you tomorrow! A: 我先走了。B: 好，明天见！ A: Wǒ xiān zǒu le. B: Hǎo, míngtiān jiàn!...
赞同 (zàntóng) — to agree; to approve
赞同 (zàntóng) 赞同 expresses active agreement with or approval of someone's opinion, proposal, or plan, and is widely used in formal discussion, debate, and written argument at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to agree with; to approve of; to endorse [noun] agreement; approval; endorsement Example Sentences 我完全赞同你的观点，这个方案非常合理。 Wǒ wánquán zàntóng nǐ de guāndiǎn, zhège fāng'àn fēicháng hélǐ. I fully agree with your view; this plan is very reasonable. 大多数委员投票赞同这项新规定。 Dàduōshù wěiyuán...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting, fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) Means interesting or fun. Literally "has meaning/significance." Used to express that something is engaging or amusing. The opposite is 没意思 (méi yìsi), boring or pointless. Meanings [adj phrase] Interesting, fun, amusing, worth your attention. Example Sentences 这本书很有意思。 Zhè běn shū hěn yǒu yìsi. This book is very interesting. 中国文化很有意思。 Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn yǒu yìsi. Chinese culture is very interesting. 这个游戏一点也不有意思。 Zhège yóuxì yīdiǎn yě bù yǒu yìsi....
朋友 (péngyou) — friend
朋友 (péngyou) A noun meaning friend. It is one of the first and most important social words to learn in Chinese. Note that 友 on its own also means friend or friendly, but 朋友 is the standard word used in speech. Meanings [noun] Friend, companion. [noun] (Informal) Boyfriend or girlfriend, when the context is a romantic relationship. Example Sentences 他是我最好的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou. He is my...
根基 (gēnjī) — foundation, basis
根基 (gēnjī) 根基 combines the ideas of roots (根) and foundation (基) to refer to the deep, fundamental base upon which something rests. It is used both concretely (the structural foundation of a building) and metaphorically (the intellectual, moral, or social foundation of a system or person). It implies something deeply embedded and difficult to shake. Meanings [n] foundation, basis (the underlying support on which something depends) [n] roots, grounding...
明确 (míngquè) — clear, explicit; to clarify
明确 (míngquè) Describes something that is clear, definite, and leaves no room for ambiguity -- also used as a verb meaning to state or establish something clearly. Meanings [adjective] clear, explicit, definite, unambiguous [verb] to clarify, to define clearly, to make explicit Example Sentences 合同中应明确双方的权利和义务。 Hétong zhōng yīng míngquè shuāngfāng de quánlì hé yìwù. The contract should clearly specify the rights and obligations of both parties. 领导明确表示，这项决定不会更改。 Lǐngdǎo míngquè biǎoshì,...
探讨 (tàntǎo) — to explore; to investigate
探讨 (tàntǎo) 探讨 means to explore or investigate a topic through inquiry, discussion, or research, with a connotation of open-minded, collaborative search for understanding. Meanings [verb] to explore; to investigate; to examine through inquiry [verb] to deliberate on; to probe into (an issue or topic) Example Sentences 这篇论文探讨了人工智能对就业市场的潜在影响。 Zhè piān lùnwén tàntǎole réngōng zhìnéng duì jiùyè shìchǎng de qiánzài yǐngxiǎng. This paper explores the potential impact of artificial intelligence on...
女人 (nǚrén) — woman
女人 (nǚrén) A noun meaning woman or adult female. It combines 女 (female) and 人 (person). In everyday speech, 女人 refers to adult women, while 女孩 (nǚhái) refers to girls. Meanings [noun] Woman, adult female. [noun] Women in general (as a group or category). Example Sentences 那个女人是我妈妈的朋友。 Nàge nǚrén shì wǒ māma de péngyou. That woman is my mother's friend. 她是一个聪明的女人。 Tā shì yīgè cōngmíng de nǚrén. She is an...
刻画 (kèhuà) — to portray; to delineate
刻画 (kèhuà) 刻画 means to portray or delineate a character, image, or scene with precision and depth, as if carving it into sharp relief, and is especially used in literary and artistic criticism. Meanings [verb] to portray; to delineate; to depict with precision [verb] to characterize (a person or role) with skillful detail Example Sentences 作家用精准的笔法刻画了一个复杂而真实的人物形象。 Zuòjiā yòng jīngzhǔn de bǐfǎ kèhuàle yī gè fùzá ér zhēnshí de rénwù xíngxiàng....
通报 (tōngbào) — to notify; to brief; to inform
通报 (tōngbào) 通报 means "to notify," "to brief," or "to inform" and refers to officially communicating information to a group, often in a formal or organizational context. Meanings [verb] to notify; to inform officially; to brief [noun] official notice; bulletin; circular Example Sentences 领导向全体员工通报了公司的最新情况。 Lǐngdǎo xiàng quántǐ yuángōng tōngbào le gōngsī de zuìxīn qíngkuàng. The leader briefed all employees on the latest company situation. 学校发了通报，说明新的规定。 Xuéxiào fā le tōngbào, shuōmíng...
债券 (zhàiquàn) — bond; debenture
债券 (zhàiquàn) 债券 refers to a fixed-income debt security issued by a government or corporation to raise funds, with a promise to repay the principal and interest at a specified date, traded on financial markets. Meanings [noun] bond; debenture (a debt instrument issued to raise capital, with fixed interest payments and a maturity date) Example Sentences 中国国债被认为是低风险的投资工具，吸引了大量国内外投资者。 Zhōngguó guózhài bèi rènwéi shì dī fēngxiǎn de tóuzī gōngjù, xīyǐnle dàliàng guónèi...
公关 (gōngguān) — public relations, PR
公关 (gōngguān) 公关 is the abbreviated form of 公共关系 (public relations) and refers to the strategic communication between an organization and its public, as well as the professionals who manage it. Meanings [noun] public relations (PR); a PR professional [verb] to do PR work, to manage public image through strategic communication Example Sentences 这次丑闻对公司造成了严重的公关危机。 Zhè cì chǒuwén duì gōngsī zàochéng le yánzhòng de gōngguān wēijī. This scandal caused a serious...
说服 (shuōfú) — to persuade; to convince
说服 (shuōfú) 说服 means to use words and reasoning to change someone's mind or win their agreement, and is one of the most important verbs for describing communication and influence in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to persuade; to convince; to talk someone into something Example Sentences 他花了很长时间才说服父母同意他出国留学。 Tā huā le hěn cháng shíjiān cái shuōfú fùmǔ tóngyì tā chūguó liúxué. It took him a long time to persuade his parents to...
分析 (fēnxī) — to analyze; analysis
分析 (fēnxī) 分析 is one of the most fundamental academic and professional words, meaning to analyze or conduct analysis. It involves breaking a complex subject down into its component parts to understand the whole. While it appears at lower HSK levels, its full range of sophisticated collocations, noun usage, and academic register belong at the C1 level. It is ubiquitous in research, business, policy, and journalism. Meanings [v] to analyze;...
况且 (kuàngqiě) — moreover, besides
况且 (kuàngqiě) 况且 is a conjunction used to introduce an additional reason or consideration that reinforces a previous statement. It is equivalent to "moreover," "besides," or "what is more" in English. It signals that another, often stronger, argument is being added to an already stated one. It is more formal than 而且 and is characteristic of written argumentation. Meanings [conj] moreover, besides, what is more (adding a further strengthening reason)...
手术 (shǒushù) — surgery; surgical operation
手术 (shǒushù) 手术 refers to a medical surgical operation, a procedure in which doctors make incisions or use instruments to treat a disease, injury, or physical condition inside the body. Meanings [noun] surgery; surgical operation; medical operation Example Sentences 医生建议她接受手术治疗，因为药物已经无法有效控制病情的发展。 Yīshēng jiànyì tā jiēshòu shǒushù zhìliáo, yīnwèi yàowù yǐjīng wúfǎ yǒuxiào kòngzhì bìngqíng de fāzhǎn. The doctor recommended surgery, as medication was no longer able to effectively control the progression...
手术 (shǒushù) — surgery, operation
手术 (shǒushù) 手术 refers to a surgical operation performed by a doctor to treat injury or disease. It is a common medical term used in everyday conversations about health and hospitals. Meanings [noun] surgery; a medical operation involving incision or other physical intervention Example Sentences 医生说他需要做手术才能康复。 Yīshēng shuō tā xūyào zuò shǒushù cái néng kāngfù. The doctor said he needs surgery in order to recover. 手术很成功，病人已经醒了。 Shǒushù hěn chénggōng, bìngrén...
船 (chuán) — boat; ship
船 (chuán) 船 is the general word for any watercraft — a rowboat, ferry, or ocean liner. The measure word is 艘 (sōu) for larger ships, but 条 (tiáo) or simply 一条船 are also common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Boat; ship; vessel. Any vehicle that travels on water. Example Sentences 我们坐船去那个小岛。 Wǒmen zuò chuán qù nàgè xiǎodǎo. We took a boat to that small island. 河上有很多船。 Hé shàng yǒu...
辛辣 (xīnlà) — spicy, pungent
辛辣 (xīnlà) 辛辣 describes a sharp, pungent, or spicy taste typically caused by chili peppers, ginger, or other strong spices. It can also describe sharp, biting language or criticism. Meanings adjective spicy, pungent (having a hot or sharp flavor; also used figuratively for sharp criticism) Example Sentences 四川菜以辛辣著名。 Sìchuān cài yǐ xīnlà zhùmíng. Sichuan cuisine is famous for being spicy. 她不能吃太辛辣的食物。 Tā bù néng chī tài xīnlà de shíwù. She...
在 (zài) — to be at; at/in (location)
在 (zài) 在 expresses location. It functions both as a main verb meaning "to be at/in" and as a preposition meaning "at/in" placed before a location to set the scene for an action. Meanings [verb] To be at; to be in; to be present (main verb indicating existence at a location). [preposition] At; in; on (before a location word, indicating where an action takes place). Example Sentences 我在家。 Wǒ zài...
从来 (cónglái) — always; at all times (with negation: never)
从来 (cónglái) 从来 indicates that something has consistently been true from the past up to now. In positive sentences it means "always"; when negated with 不 or 没 it means "never." Meanings [adverb] Always; at all times (consistently true from the past to now). [adverb] Never (when used with negation 不 or 没). Example Sentences 她从来不迟到，总是准时到达。 Tā cónglái bù chídào, zǒngshì zhǔnshí dàodá. She never arrives late; she is always...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) A noun meaning name. It refers to a person's full name or given name. The most important phrase built around this word is 你叫什么名字 (what is your name), one of the first questions in any Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Name (personal name, full name, or nickname). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng. My name is Li...
努力 (nǔlì) — to work hard; effort; diligently
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 describes the sustained application of energy and determination toward a goal, and can function as a verb, noun, or adverb. Meanings [verb] To work hard, to make an effort, to strive. [noun] Effort, hard work, endeavor. [adverb] Diligently, hard, with effort. Example Sentences 尽管她天资平平，但凭借不懈的努力，最终考上了理想的大学。 Jǐnguǎn tā tiānzī píngpíng, dàn píngjiè bùxiè de nǔlì, zuìzhōng kǎo shàng le lǐxiǎng de dàxué. Despite her average natural ability, through relentless...
作用 (zuòyòng) — Function / effect / role
作用 (zuòyòng) 作用 refers to the function, effect, or role that something has — what it does or how it influences something else. Meanings [noun] function, effect, role, action (what something does or contributes) Example Sentences 睡眠对健康有很重要的作用。 Shuìmián duì jiànkāng yǒu hěn zhòngyào de zuòyòng. Sleep plays a very important role in health. 这种药对感冒有很好的作用。 Zhè zhǒng yào duì gǎnmào yǒu hěn hǎo de zuòyòng. This medicine has a good effect...
热力学 (rèlìxué) — thermodynamics
热力学 (rèlìxué) 热力学 is the branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy. It is foundational to mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and materials science. The four laws of thermodynamics govern everything from engine efficiency to biological metabolism. Meanings [noun] thermodynamics; the physical science of heat transfer, energy conversion, and entropy Example Sentences 热力学第二定律表明熵在孤立系统中总是增加的。 Rèlìxué dì èr dìnglǜ biǎomíng shāng zài gūlì xìtǒng zhōng zǒng shì...
等 (děng) — to wait / etc.
等 (děng) 等 has two distinct but equally common uses. As a verb it means to wait for someone or something. As a sentence-final particle after a list of items it means and so on or et cetera. Meanings [verb] To wait; to wait for. [particle] Et cetera; and so on; and the like (after a list of examples). Example Sentences 请在这里等我。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ děng wǒ. Please wait for...
算法推荐 (suànfǎ tuījiàn) — algorithmic recommendation
算法推荐 (suànfǎ tuījiàn) 算法推荐 refers to the technology by which platforms use data-driven algorithms to automatically push content, products, or information tailored to individual users based on their behaviour and preferences. Meanings [noun phrase] algorithmic recommendation; algorithm-based content or product suggestion Example Sentences 短视频平台依靠算法推荐吸引用户不断刷新内容。 Duǎn shìpín píngtái yīkào suànfǎ tuījiàn xīyǐn yònghù bùduàn shuāxīn nèiróng. Short-video platforms rely on algorithmic recommendation to keep users endlessly scrolling through content. 算法推荐在提高用户体验的同时也带来了信息茧房的隐患。 Suànfǎ...
具体 (jùtǐ) — specific, concrete
具体 (jùtǐ) 具体 describes something that is clearly defined, detailed, and tangible rather than vague, general, or abstract, often implying practical specificity. Meanings [adjective] specific, concrete, detailed [adverb] specifically, concretely, in detail Example Sentences 请你具体说明一下这个计划的实施步骤。 Qǐng nǐ jùtǐ shuōmíng yīxià zhège jìhuà de shíshī bùzhòu. Please explain the implementation steps of this plan in specific detail. 你的建议太抽象了，能给出一些具体的例子吗？ Nǐ de jiànyì tài chōuxiàng le, néng gěi chū yīxiē jùtǐ de lìzi...
复杂 (fùzá) — complex; complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that has many interrelated parts, is difficult to understand or deal with, and cannot be reduced to simple terms -- complex or complicated. Meanings [adjective] complex; complicated; intricate; involved Example Sentences 人际关系有时非常复杂，难以处理。 Rénjì guānxi yǒushí fēicháng fùzá, nán yǐ chǔlǐ. Interpersonal relationships are sometimes very complicated and difficult to handle. 这个问题比看起来复杂得多。 Zhège wèntí bǐ kàn qǐlái fùzá de duō. This problem is much more complex...
小 (xiǎo) — small / little
小 (xiǎo) An adjective meaning "small," "little," or "young." It is the antonym of 大 (dà, big). Beyond size, 小 is also used to indicate youth (小孩, small child) and appears as an affectionate prefix for names (小明, Little Ming). Meanings [adjective] Small, little (in size). [adjective] Young (in age). Example Sentences 这只猫很小。 Zhè zhī māo hěn xiǎo. This cat is very small. 她的房间比我的小。 Tā de fángjiān bǐ wǒ de...
复杂 (fùzá) — complex; complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that has many parts, layers, or factors that make it difficult to understand, analyze, or handle. It can describe situations, problems, systems, relationships, or feelings. Meanings [adjective] Complex; complicated; intricate; involved. Example Sentences 这个案件涉及多方利益，情况十分复杂。 Zhège ànjian shèjí duō fāng lìyì, qíngkuàng shífēn fùzá. This case involves the interests of multiple parties, and the situation is extremely complex. 学习一门语言是一个复杂的过程，需要长期坚持。 Xuéxí yī mén yǔyán shì yīgè fùzá...
考虑 (kǎolǜ) — to consider; to think over
考虑 (kǎolǜ) 考虑 means "to consider" or "to think over" and is used when someone is carefully weighing options or thinking about a situation before making a decision. Meanings [verb] to consider; to think about carefully [verb] to take into account; to bear in mind Example Sentences 你考虑清楚了再做决定。 Nǐ kǎolǜ qīngchǔ le zài zuò juédìng. Think it through carefully before making a decision. 我们需要考虑所有可能性。 Wǒmen xūyào kǎolǜ suǒyǒu kěnéngxìng. We...
适合 (shìhé) — to suit; suitable; appropriate
适合 (shìhé) 适合 describes the quality of fitting or being suited to a particular person, purpose, or situation, implying a good match between two things. Meanings [verb] to suit; to be appropriate for; to fit well [adjective] suitable; appropriate; fitting Example Sentences 这件衣服很适合你。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn shìhé nǐ. This piece of clothing suits you very well. 这个工作适合喜欢和人交流的人。 Zhège gōngzuò shìhé xǐhuan hé rén jiāoliú de rén. This job is...
方向 (fāngxiàng) — direction
方向 (fāngxiàng) 方向 means direction, referring to the way something points, moves, or the course one takes in life or work. Meanings [noun] direction; orientation; course Example Sentences 你知道车站在哪个方向吗？ Nǐ zhīdào chēzhàn zài nǎge fāngxiàng ma? Do you know which direction the station is in? 我在这个城市总是搞不清楚方向。 Wǒ zài zhège chéngshì zǒngshì gǎo bù qīngchǔ fāngxiàng. I can never get my sense of direction straight in this city. 他找到了自己未来的发展方向。 Tā zhǎodào...
推测 (tuīcè) — Infer
推测 (tuīcè) 推测 means to draw a conclusion or make an inference based on available evidence or reasoning. Meanings [verb] to infer; to speculate; to deduce; to conjecture [noun] inference; speculation; conjecture Example Sentences 根据这些数据，我们可以推测市场的未来走向。 Gēnjù zhèxiē shùjù, wǒmen kěyǐ tuīcè shìchǎng de wèilái zǒuxiàng. Based on this data, we can infer the future direction of the market. 他推测天气可能会变，出门带了雨伞。 Tā tuīcè tiānqì kěnéng huì biàn, chūmén dàile yǔsǎn. He speculated...
进步 (jìnbù) — to make progress; progress; improvement
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 means to move forward and improve, whether in skill, knowledge, or character. Meanings [verb/noun] to make progress; to improve; progress; advancement; improvement Example Sentences 你的中文进步很快，继续加油！ Nǐ de Zhōngwén jìnbù hěn kuài, jìxù jiāyóu! Your Chinese is improving very quickly, keep it up! 每天练习一点，就会慢慢进步。 Měitiān liànxí yīdiǎn, jiù huì mànmàn jìnbù. Practice a little every day and you will gradually improve. 这是他这学期最大的进步。 Zhè shì tā zhè xuéqī zuìdà...
产品 (chǎnpǐn) — product / goods
产品 (chǎnpǐn) Refers to items that have been manufactured or produced, either physical goods or the output of a creative process. Meanings [noun] Product, manufactured goods. [noun] Output, result of a production process. Example Sentences 这家公司的产品质量很好。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de chǎnpǐn zhìliàng hěn hǎo. The quality of this company's products is very good. 他们正在开发一款新产品。 Tāmen zhèngzài kāifā yī kuǎn xīn chǎnpǐn. They are developing a new product. 这个产品很受消费者欢迎。 Zhège chǎnpǐn...
系统 (xìtǒng) — system; systematic
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 refers to an organized, interconnected set of parts working together, or describes an approach that is thorough and methodical. Meanings [noun] System; network; organized structure. [adjective] Systematic; thorough; methodical. Example Sentences 这套教育系统需要改革。 Zhè tào jiàoyù xìtǒng xūyào gǎigé. This education system needs reform. 电脑系统突然崩溃了。 Diànnǎo xìtǒng tūrán bēngkuì le. The computer system suddenly crashed. 我们需要系统地解决这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào xìtǒng de jiějué zhège wèntí. We need to solve this...
乃至 (nǎizhì) — even, and even
乃至 (nǎizhì) 乃至 is a formal conjunction used to extend a range or progression to include a further, often extreme or unexpected, element. It is equivalent to "and even," "or even," or "up to and including" in English. It signals that the scope is wider than what has already been mentioned, often building to a climax. Meanings [conj] and even, or even (extending a range to include something extreme) [conj]...
我 (wǒ) — I, me
我 (wǒ) The first-person singular pronoun meaning "I" as a subject and "me" as an object; it is one of the most frequent words in Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] I (subject). [pronoun] Me (object). [pronoun] My (before 的, meaning possession: 我的). Example Sentences 我是学生。 Wǒ shì xuésheng. I am a student. 你认识我吗？ Nǐ rènshi wǒ ma? Do you know me? 我的书在桌子上。 Wǒ de shū zài zhuōzi shàng. My book is on...
系统 (xìtǒng) — system; systematic
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 refers to an organised set of interconnected components that function as a whole. As an adjective it means systematic or comprehensive. It is one of the most productive words in formal Chinese, appearing across science, technology, medicine, education, and management. Meanings [noun] system (biological, technological, social, administrative, etc.) [adjective] systematic; comprehensive; well-organised Example Sentences 人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病入侵的第一道防线。 Réntǐ de miǎnyì xìtǒng shì dǐyù jíbìng rùqīn de dì yī dào...
为了 (wèile) — in order to / for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition that introduces a purpose or goal, equivalent to "in order to" or "for the sake of." Meanings [preposition] In order to, for the purpose of. [preposition] For the sake of (someone or something). Example Sentences 为了健康，他每天跑步。 Wèile jiànkāng, tā měitiān pǎobù. In order to stay healthy, he runs every day. 她为了孩子放弃了工作。 Tā wèile háizi fàngqì le gōngzuò. She gave up her job for the sake of...
范例 (fànlì) — model example; paradigm
范例 (fànlì) 范例 refers to a model or exemplary case that can serve as a standard or reference for others. It implies not just any example but a particularly good or instructive one worthy of being followed or studied. Meanings [noun] model example; exemplary case; paradigm; template Example Sentences 这家企业的可持续发展实践成为业界公认的范例，吸引了众多企业前来参观学习。 Zhè jiā qǐyè de kě chíxù fāzhǎn shíjiàn chéngwéi yèjiè gōngrèn de fànlì, xīyǐnle zhòngduō qǐyè qiánlái cānguān xuéxí. This...
窗户 (chuānghù) — window
窗户 (chuānghù) A noun meaning window. The full form 窗户 is used in speech, while the single character 窗 (chuāng) appears more in written and compound forms. A window is a frame in a wall that lets in light and air. Meanings [noun] Window. Example Sentences 请打开窗户，空气不好。 Qǐng dǎkāi chuānghù, kōngqì bù hǎo. Please open the window, the air is bad. 窗户外面有一棵大树。 Chuānghù wàimiàn yǒu yī kē dà shù. There...
玩 (wán) — to play / to have fun
玩 (wán) A verb meaning "to play," "to have fun," or "to spend time enjoying something." It is used for all kinds of leisure and recreation, from children playing to adults hanging out with friends. Meanings [verb] To play, to have fun, to engage in recreational activity. [verb] To visit and enjoy (a place). Example Sentences 孩子们在外面玩。 Háizimen zài wàimiàn wán. The children are playing outside. 周末我们去公园玩吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù...
自由 (zìyóu) — freedom; free
自由 (zìyóu) 自由 means freedom or liberty -- the state of being able to act, think, or move without constraint. As an adjective it describes something or someone that is free, unrestricted, or unconstrained. Meanings [noun] freedom; liberty [adjective] free; unrestricted; at liberty Example Sentences 言论自由是民主社会的基本权利之一，但也需要在法律框架内行使。 Yánlùn zìyóu shì mínzhǔ shèhuì de jīběn quánlì zhī yī, dàn yě xūyào zài fǎlǜ kuàngjià nèi xíngshǐ. Freedom of speech is one of...
依赖 (yīlài) — to rely on; to depend on; dependence
依赖 (yīlài) 依赖 describes a state of needing someone or something for support, functioning, or well-being, and can imply either healthy reliance or unhealthy dependence. Meanings [verb] To rely on, to depend on, to be dependent on. [noun] Dependence, reliance. Example Sentences 过度依赖智能手机导致许多人失去了独立思考和解决问题的能力。 Guòdù yīlài zhìnéng shǒujī dǎozhì xǔduō rén shīqù le dúlì sīkǎo hé jiějué wèntí de nénglì. Excessive dependence on smartphones has caused many people to lose their...
消极 (xiāojí) — negative; passive; pessimistic
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 describes a negative, passive, or pessimistic attitude or approach, the opposite of 积极 (positive, proactive). Meanings [adjective] negative; passive; pessimistic; lacking motivation or a positive outlook Example Sentences 我们不应该用消极的态度面对困难。 Wǒmen bù yīnggāi yòng xiāojí de tàidu miànduì kùnnán. We should not face difficulties with a negative attitude. 他最近情绪很消极，不愿意参加活动。 Tā zuìjìn qíngxù hěn xiāojí, bù yuànyì cānjiā huódòng. He has been very negative lately and unwilling to join...
本质 (běnzhì) — essence; nature; intrinsic
本质 (běnzhì) 本质 refers to the essential nature or fundamental character of something, what something truly is at its core. Meanings [noun] essence; nature; the intrinsic, fundamental quality of a person or thing Example Sentences 我们要认清问题的本质。 Wǒmen yào rènqīng wèntí de běnzhì. We need to clearly understand the essence of the problem. 这两件事的本质是一样的。 Zhè liǎng jiàn shì de běnzhì shì yīyàng de. The nature of these two things is the...
消极 (xiāojí) — Negative, passive, pessimistic
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 describes a negative, passive, or pessimistic attitude or approach -- the opposite of 积极 (jījí, positive/active). It implies a lack of initiative, motivation, or optimism. Meanings [adj] negative (attitude); passive; pessimistic; lacking initiative Example Sentences 面对困难时，消极的态度只会让情况更糟。 Miànduì kùnnan shí, xiāojí de tàidù zhǐ huì ràng qíngkuàng gèng zāo. When facing difficulties, a negative attitude will only make things worse. 他在工作中表现得非常消极，经常抱怨却从不提出建议。 Tā zài gōngzuò zhōng biǎoxiàn de fēicháng...
本质 (běnzhì) — essence, nature
本质 (běnzhì) 本质 refers to the fundamental, underlying essence or true nature of something, as opposed to its surface appearance, often used in philosophical and analytical contexts to distinguish reality from appearance. Meanings [noun] essence, fundamental nature, true nature [adjective] essential, fundamental (in compound structures) Example Sentences 透过现象看本质，是哲学思考的基本要求。 Tòuguò xiànxiàng kàn běnzhì, shì zhéxué sīkǎo de jīběn yāoqiú. Looking through phenomena to see the essence is a basic requirement of...
解决 (jiějué) — to solve; to resolve; to settle
解决 (jiějué) 解决 means "to solve," "to resolve," or "to settle" and is used when a problem, conflict, or issue is successfully dealt with. Meanings [verb] to solve; to resolve; to settle (a problem or conflict) [verb] to deal with; to handle; to take care of Example Sentences 这个问题很难解决。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán jiějué. This problem is very difficult to solve. 我们一起找方法解决这个困难。 Wǒmen yīqǐ zhǎo fāngfǎ jiějué zhège kùnnán. Let's...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to perform / performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 means to show or display behavior, or refers to one's performance or conduct in a given context. Meanings [verb] to show; to display; to perform; to express [noun] performance; behavior; manifestation Example Sentences 他在比赛中的表现非常出色。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng de biǎoxiàn fēicháng chūsè. His performance in the competition was outstanding. 这个学生在课堂上表现很积极。 Zhège xuéshēng zài kètáng shàng biǎoxiàn hěn jījí. This student performs very actively in class. 她的表现让所有人都印象深刻。 Tā...
失望 (shīwàng) — disappointed; to lose hope
失望 (shīwàng) 失望 describes the feeling when reality falls short of expectations, literally "to lose one's hope." Meanings [adj/verb] disappointed; to lose hope; to feel let down Example Sentences 他没有通过考试，父母很失望。 Tā méiyǒu tōngguò kǎoshì, fùmǔ hěn shīwàng. He did not pass the exam and his parents were very disappointed. 别让我失望，我相信你能做到。 Bié ràng wǒ shīwàng, wǒ xiāngxìn nǐ néng zuò dào. Don't disappoint me, I believe you can do it. 我对那部电影感到有点失望。...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to show; performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 is a versatile and high-frequency word meaning to show or express something (especially a quality or emotion), and as a noun, it refers to one's performance, behavior, or the way something is manifested. Meanings [verb] to show; to express; to manifest; to perform [noun] performance; behavior; the way something is expressed or shown Example Sentences 他在课堂上的表现一直很出色。 Tā zài kètáng shàng de biǎoxiàn yīzhí hěn chūsè. His performance...
社会 (shèhuì) — society
社会 (shèhuì) 社会 refers to human beings collectively living in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values, and is one of the most fundamental concepts in Chinese social science discourse. Meanings [noun] society; community; the social world Example Sentences 每个公民都有责任为社会的发展做出贡献。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yǒu zérèn wèi shèhuì de fāzhǎn zuò chū gòngxiàn. Every citizen has a responsibility to contribute to the development of society. 信息技术的发展深刻地改变了现代社会的面貌。 Xìnxī jìshù de...
机遇 (jīyù) — opportunity / chance
机遇 (jīyù) 机遇 refers to a fortunate opportunity or favorable chance that arises at the right moment. Meanings [noun] opportunity; favorable chance; lucky break Example Sentences 这是一个难得的机遇。 Zhè shì yīgè nándé de jīyù. This is a rare opportunity. 我们要抓住这次机遇。 Wǒmen yào zhuāzhù zhè cì jīyù. We must seize this opportunity. 机遇总是留给有准备的人。 Jīyù zǒng shì liú gěi yǒu zhǔnbèi de rén. Opportunity always favors the prepared. 经济发展带来了新的机遇。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn dài lái...
社会 (shèhuì) — society; community
社会 (shèhuì) 社会 refers to the organized collective of people with shared laws, institutions, and culture, or to the broader community outside one's immediate circle. Meanings [noun] Society; community; the public. Example Sentences 每个人都应该对社会做出贡献。 Měi gè rén dōu yīnggāi duì shèhuì zuòchū gòngxiàn. Everyone should make a contribution to society. 科技的进步推动了社会的发展。 Kējì de jìnbù tuīdòng le shèhuì de fāzhǎn. Advances in science and technology have driven the development of society....
机遇 (jīyù) — opportunity, chance
机遇 (jīyù) A favorable window of opportunity that arises from external circumstances -- more formal and weighty than 机会, often implying a historically significant or rare chance. Meanings [noun] opportunity, chance, favorable juncture Example Sentences 全球化为发展中国家提供了前所未有的发展机遇。 Quánqiú huà wèi fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā tígōngle qián suǒ wèi yǒu de fāzhǎn jīyù. Globalization has provided developing countries with unprecedented development opportunities. 他抓住了这次千载难逢的机遇，一举成名。 Tā zhuāzhùle zhè cì qiān zài nán féng de jīyù,...
鼻子 (bízi) — nose
鼻子 (bízi) 鼻子 is the everyday word for nose — the organ used for breathing and smelling. 鼻 is the main character and zi is a neutral-tone noun suffix commonly added to body part words in Chinese. 鼻 alone can appear in compound words and formal writing. Meanings [noun] Nose; the facial organ of smell and breathing. Example Sentences 他的鼻子很高，像外国人。 Tā de bízi hěn gāo, xiàng wàiguórén. He has a...
速度 (sùdù) — speed; pace; velocity
速度 (sùdù) 速度 refers to the rate of movement or change, covering physical speed as well as the pace of development or progress. Meanings [noun] Speed; pace; velocity; rate. Example Sentences 这列高铁的速度超过三百公里每小时。 Zhè liè gāotiě de sùdù chāoguò sānbǎi gōnglǐ měi xiǎoshí. The speed of this high-speed train exceeds 300 kilometers per hour. 请说话慢一点，你的速度太快了。 Qǐng shuōhuà màn yīdiǎn, nǐ de sùdù tài kuài le. Please speak more slowly; your pace...
猫 (māo) — cat
猫 (māo) A cat. 猫 is the standard word for a domestic cat in Chinese. The pronunciation "māo" is thought to be onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a cat's meow. Meanings [noun] Cat. The common domestic feline animal kept as a pet. Example Sentences 我家有一只猫。 Wǒ jiā yǒu yī zhī māo. My family has a cat. 这只猫很可爱。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài. This cat is very cute. 猫喜欢吃鱼。 Māo xǐhuān...
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) — structural engineering
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) 结构工程 is the branch of civil engineering focused on the analysis, design, and construction of load-bearing structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, and tunnels. Structural engineers ensure that these structures can safely withstand applied forces including gravity, wind, seismic activity, and dynamic loads. Meanings [noun] structural engineering; the engineering discipline concerned with designing structures that safely bear and transfer loads Example Sentences 结构工程师在设计高层建筑时必须充分考虑地震荷载。 Jiégòu gōngchéngshī zài shèjì...
话题 (huàtí) — topic; subject of conversation
话题 (huàtí) 话题 is a versatile noun for any topic of conversation or discussion, from casual everyday subjects to trending social issues, and is especially common in informal and media contexts. Meanings [noun] topic; subject of conversation; talking point Example Sentences 天气是人们最常见的话题之一。 Tiānqì shì rénmen zuì chángjiàn de huàtí zhī yī. The weather is one of the most common topics of conversation. 这部电影上映后成为了社交媒体上的热门话题。 Zhè bù diànyǐng shàngyìng hòu chéngle shèjiāo...
同意 (tóngyì) — Agree
同意 (tóngyì) 同意 means to agree with someone's opinion or to give consent or approval for something. Meanings [verb] to agree; to consent; to approve; to give permission Example Sentences 我完全同意你的看法。 Wǒ wánquán tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I completely agree with your view. 父母同意了她去国外留学。 Fùmǔ tóngyìle tā qù guówài liúxué. Her parents agreed to let her study abroad. 他不同意这个方案，提出了很多意见。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège fāng'àn, tíchūle hěn duō yìjiàn. He did...
提出 (tíchū) — to propose; to put forward; to raise
提出 (tíchū) 提出 means to propose, raise, or put forward an idea, question, or suggestion, introducing it into a discussion or bringing it to someone's attention for consideration. Meanings [verb] to propose; to put forward; to raise; to bring up Example Sentences 他在会议上提出了一个新的解决方案。 Tā zài huìyì shàng tíchūle yīgè xīn de jiějué fāng'àn. He put forward a new solution at the meeting. 学生们可以向老师提出问题。 Xuéshēngmen kěyǐ xiàng lǎoshī tíchū wèntí. Students...
农村 (nóngcūn) — countryside / rural area
农村 (nóngcūn) The rural area or countryside, as opposed to the city (城市 chéngshì), where farming and agriculture are the main activities. Meanings [noun] Countryside, rural area, village area. [noun] The rural regions of a country (as a societal concept). Example Sentences 他出生在农村，后来搬到了城市。 Tā chūshēng zài nóngcūn, hòulái bāndào le chéngshì. He was born in the countryside and later moved to the city. 农村的空气比城市新鲜。 Nóngcūn de kōngqì bǐ chéngshì xīnxiān....
号码 (hàomǎ) — number (phone/room)
号码 (hàomǎ) 号码 refers to an identifying number such as a phone number, room number, or ticket number. Meanings [noun] number; numeral used for identification (phone, room, seat, etc.) Example Sentences 你能把你的电话号码告诉我吗？ Nǐ néng bǎ nǐ de diànhuà hàomǎ gàosù wǒ ma? Can you tell me your phone number? 我的房间号码是三零六。 Wǒ de fángjiān hàomǎ shì sān líng liù. My room number is 306. 他忘了自己的银行卡号码。 Tā wàng le zìjǐ de yínhángkǎ...
诊断 (zhěnduàn) — to diagnose; diagnosis
诊断 (zhěnduàn) 诊断 refers to the process of identifying a disease or problem through examination and analysis, and is used in both medical contexts and metaphorically to describe identifying the root cause of any issue. Meanings [verb] to diagnose [noun] diagnosis Example Sentences 医生根据检查结果做出了诊断。 Yīshēng gēnjù jiǎnchá jiéguǒ zuòchū le zhěnduàn. The doctor made a diagnosis based on the examination results. 早期诊断对癌症治疗至关重要。 Zǎoqī zhěnduàn duì áizhèng zhìliáo zhìguān zhòngyào. Early...
地方 (dìfang) — place
地方 (dìfang) A noun meaning place, location, or area in an abstract or general sense. It is used to refer to a spot, region, or area without naming a specific place. Do not confuse it with specific named locations such as 北京 or 图书馆. 地方 answers the question "where" in a general sense, not with a proper name. Meanings [noun] Place, location, spot (general or abstract). [noun] Area, region, locality....
少 (shǎo) — few / little / a small amount
少 (shǎo) An adjective meaning "few," "a little," or "not many." It describes small quantities. Its antonym is 多 (duō), meaning "many." Note: 少 (shǎo, few) is different from 小 (xiǎo, small in size). Meanings [adjective] Few, a small number of (for countable things). [adjective] A little, a small amount of (for uncountable things). Example Sentences 今天来的人很少。 Jīntiān lái de rén hěn shǎo. Very few people came today. 我只有一点点时间，时间很少。 Wǒ...
原则 (yuánzé) — principle; rule; tenet
原则 (yuánzé) 原则 refers to a fundamental principle, rule, or guiding belief that directs one's behavior or approach to decisions. Meanings [noun] a principle, rule, or fundamental tenet that guides behavior or decisions Example Sentences 诚实是他做人的基本原则。 Chénshí shì tā zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Honesty is his basic principle in life. 我们必须坚持公平公正的原则。 Wǒmen bìxū jiānchí gōngpíng gōngzhèng de yuánzé. We must adhere to the principle of fairness and justice. 这个决定违反了公司的核心原则。 Zhège...
兴趣 (xìngqù) — interest
兴趣 (xìngqù) 兴趣 describes the interest or enthusiasm one feels toward an activity, subject, or person. Meanings [noun] interest; hobby; enthusiasm for something Example Sentences 他对历史很有兴趣。 Tā duì lìshǐ hěn yǒu xìngqù. He has great interest in history. 你有什么兴趣爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme xìngqù àihào? What interests and hobbies do you have? 孩子们对这个游戏产生了浓厚的兴趣。 Háizimen duì zhège yóuxì chǎnshēng le nónghòu de xìngqù. The children developed a strong interest in this game....
老 (lǎo) — old / elderly
老 (lǎo) An adjective primarily meaning "old" or "elderly" when describing people. It also conveys respect, experience, and seniority. As a prefix 老, it can be used before surnames or numbers to address people familiarly (老王, 老三). Its antonym for people and concepts is 新 (xīn, new); for objects, the antonym is 旧 (jiù, old/worn-out). Meanings [adjective] Old, elderly (of people or animals). [adjective] Long-established, experienced, veteran. [prefix] Used before...
女 (nǚ) — female, woman
女 (nǚ) 女 means female or woman. It is used as an adjective before nouns (女生, 女朋友) or as a noun referring to a female person. Its opposite is 男 (nán), male. The character is one of the most recognizable in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Female. [noun] A woman, a girl. Example Sentences 她是一个女生。 Tā shì yīgè nǚshēng. She is a female student / a girl. 女厕所在左边。 Nǚ cèsuǒ zài zuǒbiān....
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) — at the same time; meanwhile
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) 与此同时 is a formal discourse connector meaning "at the same time" or "meanwhile," used to introduce events or actions that occur simultaneously with what was just mentioned. Meanings [conjunction] at the same time; meanwhile; simultaneously (links two concurrent events or actions) Example Sentences 政府加大了对基础设施的投入，与此同时，也出台了一系列环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ jiādàle duì jīchǔ shèshī de tóurù, yǔ cǐ tóngshí, yě chūtāile yī xìliè huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government increased investment in infrastructure;...
具体 (jùtǐ) — specific; concrete; detailed
具体 (jùtǐ) 具体 describes information, plans, or ideas that are particular, detailed, and concrete rather than vague or abstract. Meanings [adjective] Specific; concrete; detailed; particular. Example Sentences 你能说得更具体一点吗？ Nǐ néng shuō de gèng jùtǐ yīdiǎn ma? Can you be a bit more specific? 我们需要一个具体的计划。 Wǒmen xūyào yīgè jùtǐ de jìhuà. We need a concrete plan. 请告诉我具体的时间和地点。 Qǐng gàosù wǒ jùtǐ de shíjiān hé dìdiǎn. Please tell me the specific time...
味道 (wèidào) — flavor, taste
味道 (wèidào) 味道 describes the flavor or taste of food and drink, and can also be used figuratively to describe the "feel" or impression of a situation or experience. Meanings noun flavor, taste (sensation perceived when eating or smelling food) Example Sentences 这道菜的味道真好！ Zhè dào cài de wèidào zhēn hǎo! This dish tastes really good! 她尝了一口，觉得味道有点咸。 Tā cháng le yī kǒu, juéde wèidào yǒudiǎn xián. She took a bite and...
准备 (zhǔnbèi) — to prepare
准备 (zhǔnbèi) 准备 means to prepare or get ready. It is used before a noun (prepare something) or before a verb phrase (prepare to do something / plan to do something). Meanings [verb] To prepare; to get ready; to make preparations. [verb] To plan to; to intend to (followed by a verb). Example Sentences 我在准备考试。 Wǒ zài zhǔnbèi kǎoshì. I am preparing for the exam. 你准备好了吗？ Nǐ zhǔnbèi hǎo le...
控制 (kòngzhì) — to control; to manage; control
控制 (kòngzhì) 控制 means to regulate, restrain, or keep something within desired limits, whether physical, emotional, or systemic. Meanings [verb] To control, to manage, to regulate, to restrain. [noun] Control, management, regulation. Example Sentences 政府采取了一系列措施来控制物价上涨的速度。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le yī xìliè cuòshī lái kòngzhì wùjià shàngzhǎng de sùdù. The government took a series of measures to control the pace of price increases. 在压力极大的情况下，他依然能够控制自己的情绪，冷静应对。 Zài yālì jí dà de qíngkuàng xià, tā...
记得 (jìde) — to remember
记得 (jìde) 记得 means to remember or to recall something. 记 means "to record/memorize" and 得 here is a resultative complement indicating success: you recorded it and it stuck. The opposite is 忘了 (wàng le), to forget. Meanings [verb] To remember, to recall. Example Sentences 我记得你说过这句话。 Wǒ jìde nǐ shuō guò zhè jù huà. I remember you said that. 你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma? Do you remember his...
统计 (tǒngjì) — statistics, to count
统计 (tǒngjì) 统计 refers to statistics as a body of data, and also means to compile or tally data systematically. Meanings [noun] statistics, statistical data [verb] to compile statistics, to count up, to tally Example Sentences 根据最新统计，这个城市有一千万人口。 Gēnjù zuìxīn tǒngjì, zhège chéngshì yǒu yīqiān wàn rénkǒu. According to the latest statistics, this city has a population of ten million. 我们需要统计一下参加会议的人数。 Wǒmen xūyào tǒngjì yīxià cānjiā huìyì de rénshù. We need...
他 (tā) — he, him
他 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for males (and mixed-gender groups in informal writing); 他, 她, and 它 are all pronounced tā but written differently to distinguish gender. Meanings [pronoun] He (subject). [pronoun] Him (object). [pronoun] His (before 的: 他的). Example Sentences 他是我的老师。 Tā shì wǒ de lǎoshī. He is my teacher. 我认识他。 Wǒ rènshi tā. I know him. 他的名字叫大卫。 Tā de míngzi jiào Dàwèi. His name is David. 他今天不来了。...
口 (kǒu) — mouth / measure word for mouths and bites
口 (kǒu) The mouth, and a measure word used for mouthfuls, bites, sips, and by extension, the number of people in a family. 口 is one of the oldest and most frequently used Chinese characters. Meanings [noun] Mouth. The opening in the face used for eating and speaking. [measure word] Classifier for bites, sips, or mouthfuls of food or drink. [measure word] Classifier for people in a family unit. What...
消极 (xiāojí) — negative / passive
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 means negative or passive in attitude or behavior. It describes a pessimistic, unmotivated, or defeatist mindset. Its direct antonym is 积极 (jījí), which means positive or enthusiastic. 消 means to diminish or fade, and 极 means extreme or pole. Meanings [adjective] Negative; passive; pessimistic; lacking motivation or initiative. Example Sentences 他对工作的态度很消极。 Tā duì gōngzuò de tàidu hěn xiāojí. His attitude toward work is very negative. 遇到困难要积极面对，不要消极。 Yù...
智慧 (zhìhuì) — wisdom
智慧 (zhìhuì) 智慧 refers to wisdom — the highest synthesis of knowledge, experience, and moral insight that enables sound judgment and deep understanding. It transcends mere intelligence (聪明) or knowledge (知识) and carries philosophical and spiritual resonance across Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist traditions. Meanings [n] wisdom (profound insight combined with sound moral judgment) [n] intelligence, ingenuity (in more practical contexts, creative problem-solving) Example Sentences 真正的智慧不在于博闻强记，而在于能够在复杂情境中做出正确的判断。 Zhēnzhèng de zhìhuì bù zàiyú...
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity, chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 means opportunity or chance. 机 here carries the sense of "a critical moment" and 会 means "occasion." Together they describe a favorable window of time to act. Meanings [noun] Opportunity, chance. Example Sentences 这是一个很好的机会。 Zhè shì yīgè hěn hǎo de jīhuì. This is a great opportunity. 我没有机会去中国。 Wǒ méiyǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó. I haven't had the chance to go to China. 希望你抓住这个机会。 Xīwàng nǐ zhuā zhù zhège...
聪明 (cōngmíng) — smart
聪明 (cōngmíng) An adjective describing someone with sharp intelligence or quick understanding. It is often used as a compliment for children and adults alike. Meanings [adjective] Smart, clever, intelligent. [adjective] Quick-witted, sharp-minded. Example Sentences 这个孩子很聪明，学东西很快。 Zhège háizi hěn cōngmíng, xué dōngxi hěn kuài. This child is very smart and learns things quickly. 你真聪明，一下子就想到了答案。 Nǐ zhēn cōngmíng, yīxiàzi jiù xiǎngdào le dá'àn. You are really clever, you thought of the answer...
开始 (kāishǐ) — to begin / start
开始 (kāishǐ) A word meaning "to start" or "to begin" as a verb, and "the beginning" or "the start" as a noun. It is one of the most common time-related words in Mandarin. Its antonym is 结束 (jiéshù), meaning "to end." Meanings [verb] To start, to begin (an action or event). [noun] The beginning, the start (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点开始？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn kāishǐ? What time does the movie...
解决 (jiějué) — to solve
解决 (jiějué) 解决 means to resolve a problem or difficulty completely. The action implies bringing a situation to a satisfactory conclusion, not just addressing it temporarily. Meanings [verb] To solve; to resolve; to settle; to deal with (a problem). Example Sentences 我们一起来解决这个问题。 Wǒmen yīqǐ lái jiějué zhège wèntí. Let's solve this problem together. 这个问题很快就解决了。 Zhège wèntí hěn kuài jiù jiějué le. This problem was resolved very quickly. 他想了很多办法来解决困难。 Tā xiǎng...
协议 (xiéyì) — agreement, protocol
协议 (xiéyì) 协议 refers to a formal agreement or accord reached between two or more parties, covering everything from business contracts to international treaties and technical protocols. Meanings [noun] agreement, accord, protocol (a formal agreement between parties) Example Sentences 两国签署了一项关于自由贸易区建设的框架协议。 Liǎng guó qiānshǔ le yī xiàng guānyú zìyóu màoyì qū jiànshè de kuàngjià xiéyì. The two countries signed a framework agreement on the establishment of a free trade zone. 双方在经过谈判后终于达成了协议，化解了这场争端。...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to show; performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 refers to how someone behaves or performs, and can also mean to display or show something. Meanings [verb] to show; to display; to demonstrate [noun] performance; behavior; showing Example Sentences 这个学生在课堂上表现得很好。 Zhège xuéshēng zài kètáng shàng biǎoxiàn de hěn hǎo. This student performs very well in class. 她的表现让老师非常满意。 Tā de biǎoxiàn ràng lǎoshī fēicháng mǎnyì. Her performance made the teacher very satisfied. 他想通过努力工作来表现自己的能力。 Tā xiǎng tōngguò nǔlì...
另一方面 (lìng yī fāngmiàn) — on the other hand
另一方面 (lìng yī fāngmiàn) 另一方面 is a discourse marker used to introduce the second or contrasting aspect of an argument, equivalent to "on the other hand" or "from another perspective" in English. Meanings [phrase] on the other hand; from another perspective; at the same time (introduces a contrasting or complementary point) Example Sentences 一方面，城市化提高了生活水平；另一方面，也带来了环境问题。 Yī fāngmiàn, chéngshìhuà tígāo le shēnghuó shuǐpíng; lìng yī fāngmiàn, yě dàilái le huánjìng wèntí. On...
短信 (duǎnxìn) — text message
短信 (duǎnxìn) 短信 means text message or SMS. 短 means short and 信 means message or letter. Together they describe the brief electronic messages sent between mobile phones. Meanings [noun] Text message; SMS; short message. Example Sentences 我给他发了一条短信。 Wǒ gěi tā fā le yī tiáo duǎnxìn. I sent him a text message. 他还没有回我的短信。 Tā hái méiyǒu huí wǒ de duǎnxìn. He hasn't replied to my text message yet. 你看到我发的短信了吗？ Nǐ...
公正 (gōngzhèng) — just, impartial
公正 (gōngzhèng) 公正 refers to impartial and morally upright conduct, especially in making judgments or decisions, free from personal bias or favoritism. Meanings [adjective] just, impartial, fair-minded, unbiased [noun] justice, impartiality Example Sentences 法官必须保持公正，不受任何外部压力的干扰。 Fǎguān bìxū bǎochí gōngzhèng, bù shòu rènhé wàibù yālì de gānrǎo. A judge must remain impartial and not be influenced by any external pressure. 历史将以公正的眼光评价这位领导人的功过。 Lìshǐ jiāng yǐ gōngzhèng de yǎnguāng píngjià zhè wèi lǐngdǎorén de...
资源 (zīyuán) — resources
资源 (zīyuán) 资源 refers to any available supply of natural materials, energy, people, knowledge, or other inputs that can be drawn upon to achieve goals -- a word spanning environmental science, economics, and management. Meanings [noun] resources (natural, human, educational, financial, etc.) Example Sentences 中国拥有丰富的自然资源，但分布不均衡。 Zhōngguó yōngyǒu fēngfù de zìrán zīyuán, dàn fēnbù bù jūnhéng. China has abundant natural resources, but their distribution is uneven. 合理利用资源是可持续发展的关键。 Hélǐ lìyòng zīyuán shì...
承受 (chéngshòu) — to bear; to endure; to withstand
承受 (chéngshòu) 承受 means to bear, endure, or withstand something, typically referring to pressure, pain, hardship, loss, or responsibility that requires emotional or physical strength to tolerate. Meanings [verb] to bear; to endure; to withstand; to sustain (pressure, pain, hardship, weight, etc.) Example Sentences 失去至亲的痛苦是难以承受的，但时间和家人的陪伴会帮助她慢慢走出悲伤。 Shīqù zhì qīn de tòngkǔ shì nányǐ chéngshòu de, dàn shíjiān hé jiārén de péibàn huì bāngzhù tā mànmàn zǒuchū bēishāng. The pain of losing...
复杂 (fùzá) — complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that is complex or complicated, involving many interwoven parts, factors, or relationships that make it hard to understand or deal with. Meanings [adjective] Complex; complicated; intricate. Example Sentences 这个问题很复杂，需要时间解决。 Zhège wèntí hěn fùzá, xūyào shíjiān jiějué. This problem is very complicated and requires time to solve. 情况比我想象的更复杂。 Qíngkuàng bǐ wǒ xiǎngxiàng de gèng fùzá. The situation is more complicated than I imagined. 汉字的书写规则比较复杂。 Hànzì de...
质疑 (zhìyí) — to question; to challenge
质疑 (zhìyí) 质疑 means to question or challenge the truth, validity, or authority of something, implying a critical skepticism that goes beyond simple curiosity. Meanings [verb] to question; to challenge; to express doubt about [noun] a challenge; a critical question; skepticism Example Sentences 研究人员对该实验的方法论提出了质疑。 Yánjiū rényuán duì gāi shíyàn de fānglùn lùn tíchūle zhìyí. Researchers raised questions about the methodology of the experiment. 公众对政府的处理方式表示质疑。 Gōngzhòng duì zhèngfǔ de chǔlǐ fāngshì...
身体 (shēntǐ) — body, health
身体 (shēntǐ) Refers to the physical body or to one's state of health. It is commonly used in greetings and well-wishes to inquire about or comment on someone's health. Meanings [noun] The physical body. [noun] Health, physical condition. Example Sentences 你身体好吗？ Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo ma? How is your health? 多运动对身体有好处。 Duō yùndòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochu. Exercising more is good for the body. 他身体很好，每天跑步。 Tā shēntǐ hěn hǎo, měi tiān...
考虑 (kǎolǜ) — to consider
考虑 (kǎolǜ) 考虑 means to consider or think something over carefully. It implies deliberate reflection before making a decision, rather than a quick reaction. Meanings [verb] To consider; to think over; to take into account; to deliberate. Example Sentences 我需要考虑一下这个问题。 Wǒ xūyào kǎolǜ yīxià zhège wèntí. I need to think this problem over for a moment. 他考虑了很久才做出决定。 Tā kǎolǜ le hěn jiǔ cái zuòchū juédìng. He deliberated for a long...
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) — rude, crude
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) 粗鲁 describes behavior or speech that is rude, rough, or lacking in consideration for others, often carrying a strongly negative judgment. Meanings [adjective] rude, crude, rough, impolite, boorish Example Sentences 他说话很粗鲁，让大家都很不舒服。 Tā shuōhuà hěn cūlǔ, ràng dàjiā dōu hěn bù shūfu. He speaks very rudely, making everyone feel uncomfortable. 粗鲁的行为会让人失去朋友。 Cūlǔ de xíngwéi huì ràng rén shīqù péngyou. Rude behavior will cause people to lose friends. 不要对长辈说话粗鲁。 Bùyào...
真 (zhēn) — really, truly, genuine
真 (zhēn) Used as an adverb before adjectives or verbs to intensify meaning, equivalent to "really" or "truly." Also used as an adjective meaning genuine or real. A very common intensifier in spoken Chinese. Meanings [adv] Really, truly (intensifier before adjectives and verbs). [adj] Real, genuine, authentic. Example Sentences 这个苹果真甜！ Zhège píngguǒ zhēn tián! This apple is really sweet! 他说的是真的吗？ Tā shuō de shì zhēn de ma? Is what he...
方向 (fāngxiàng) — direction; orientation
方向 (fāngxiàng) 方向 refers to a physical direction such as north or left, or a figurative direction such as the path of a career or project. Meanings [noun] Direction; orientation (a physical bearing or figurative course of action). Example Sentences 请问火车站在哪个方向？ Qǐngwèn huǒchēzhàn zài nǎge fāngxiàng? Excuse me, in which direction is the train station? 我们需要重新考虑公司的发展方向。 Wǒmen xūyào chóngxīn kǎolǜ gōngsī de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng. We need to reconsider the direction...
体现 (tǐxiàn) — embodiment; to embody
体现 (tǐxiàn) 体现 means to embody, reflect, or give concrete expression to an abstract quality, principle, or value. As a noun, it means an embodiment or manifestation. It bridges the abstract and the concrete, and is ubiquitous in analytical, evaluative, and argumentative Chinese writing. Meanings [v] to embody, to reflect, to give expression to (an abstract quality) [n] embodiment, manifestation, concrete expression Example Sentences 这部纪录片真实地体现了边远地区留守儿童的生存困境。 Zhè bù jìlùpiàn zhēnshí de...
承载 (chéngzài) — to carry, to bear
承载 (chéngzài) 承载 means to carry or bear a load — both physically (a bridge bearing weight) and metaphorically (a culture carrying history, a person bearing responsibility). The metaphorical use is particularly rich and common in Chinese literary and academic language, where objects, places, and institutions are said to 承载 historical memory, cultural meaning, or social expectations. Meanings [v] to carry; to bear (a physical load or weight) [v] to...
矮 (ǎi) — short (in height)
矮 (ǎi) An adjective meaning "short" in height, used to describe people or objects that are not tall. It refers specifically to vertical height, not length. Its antonym is 高 (gāo), meaning "tall." Do not confuse with 短 (duǎn, short in length). Meanings [adjective] Short (in height), not tall (for people, trees, buildings, or objects). Example Sentences 她比她姐姐矮一点。 Tā bǐ tā jiějie ǎi yīdiǎn. She is a little shorter than...
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) — say clearly / explain clearly
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) 说清楚 is a verb-complement structure. 说 (to speak / say) is the base verb and 清楚 (clear / clearly) is the result complement, showing that the act of speaking achieves clarity. The negative form 说不清楚 means "can't explain clearly." 没说清楚 means "didn't explain clearly." Structure 说 (speak) + 清楚 (result complement: clear) = speak with the result of being clear. Other complements that can follow 说: 说完...
扩大 (kuòdà) — to expand, to enlarge
扩大 (kuòdà) 扩大 means to expand or enlarge the scope, scale, or size of something, typically implying a deliberate or significant widening of reach or capacity. Meanings [verb] to expand, to enlarge, to extend, to broaden (scope, scale, influence) [noun] expansion, enlargement (in compound structures) Example Sentences 公司计划扩大在亚洲市场的业务范围。 Gōngsī jìhuà kuòdà zài Yàzhōu shìchǎng de yèwù fànwéi. The company plans to expand its business scope in the Asian market. 政府采取措施扩大就业，缓解失业压力。...
进步 (jìnbù) — to improve / progress
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 means to make progress or improve, and as a noun refers to progress or advancement. Meanings [verb] to make progress; to improve; to advance [noun] progress; improvement; advancement Example Sentences 你的中文进步很快！ Nǐ de Zhōngwén jìnbù hěn kuài! Your Chinese is improving very quickly! 只要坚持努力，就一定会有进步。 Zhǐyào jiānchí nǔlì, jiù yīdìng huì yǒu jìnbù. As long as you keep working hard, you will definitely make progress. 科技的进步改变了我们的生活。 Kējì de...
扩大 (kuòdà) — to expand; to enlarge; to extend
扩大 (kuòdà) 扩大 means to expand, enlarge, or extend something, making its scope, size, or scale greater than before. Meanings [verb] to expand; to enlarge; to extend; to broaden Example Sentences 公司计划扩大在亚洲的市场。 Gōngsī jìhuà kuòdà zài yàzhōu de shìchǎng. The company plans to expand its market in Asia. 我们需要扩大交流与合作的范围。 Wǒmen xūyào kuòdà jiāoliú yǔ hézuò de fànwéi. We need to expand the scope of exchange and cooperation. 这次活动扩大了他的社交圈。 Zhè cì...
进步 (jìnbù) — progress; to make progress
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 expresses positive advancement or improvement, whether in a person's skills, a society's development, or the state of a field, and is one of the most common positive evaluative words in Chinese. Meanings [noun] progress; advancement; improvement [verb] to make progress; to improve; to advance Example Sentences 经过几个月的努力，她的中文水平有了明显的进步。 Jīngguò jǐ gè yuè de nǔlì, tā de zhōngwén shuǐpíng yǒule míngxiǎn de jìnbù. After several months of effort, her...
主权 (zhǔquán) — sovereignty
主权 (zhǔquán) 主权 refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself and its territory without external interference, a fundamental concept in international relations and political science. Meanings [noun] sovereignty; sovereign authority (the supreme power of a state over its territory and people) [noun] sovereign rights (in specific domains, e.g., maritime sovereignty) Example Sentences 国家主权是国际关系的基本原则，任何国家都不应干涉他国内政。 Guójiā zhǔquán shì guójì guānxi de jīběn yuánzé, rènhé guójiā dōu bù yīng...
干旱 (gānhàn) — drought; arid
干旱 (gānhàn) A drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall that causes a serious shortage of water, threatening agriculture, ecosystems, and communities. Meanings [noun] drought; prolonged dry period with water shortage [adjective] arid; dry; drought-affected Example Sentences 严重的干旱导致农作物大量减产。 Yánzhòng de gānhàn dǎozhì nóngzuòwù dàliàng jiǎnchǎn. The severe drought caused a large reduction in crop yields. 这个地区长期干旱，水资源极度匮乏。 Zhège dìqū chángqī gānhàn, shuǐ zīyuán jídù kuìfá. This region is long...
领导 (lǐngdǎo) — leader; leadership; to lead
领导 (lǐngdǎo) 领导 means "leader," "leadership," or "to lead" and refers to guiding or being in charge of a group, organization, or effort. Meanings [verb] to lead; to guide; to head [noun] leader; leadership; (a person in authority) Example Sentences 她被选为团队的领导。 Tā bèi xuǎn wéi tuánduì de lǐngdǎo. She was selected as the team leader. 好的领导要能够激励团队成员。 Hǎo de lǐngdǎo yào nénggòu jīlì tuánduì chéngyuán. A good leader must be able...
成为 (chéngwéi) — to become; to turn into
成为 (chéngwéi) 成为 means to become or to turn into, describing a transformation from one state, role, or identity to another. Meanings [verb] to become; to turn into (used when a subject transitions into a new identity, role, or state) Example Sentences 她努力学习，终于成为了一名医生。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, zhōngyú chéngwéile yī míng yīshēng. She studied hard and finally became a doctor. 这座小镇成为了著名的旅游城市。 Zhè zuò xiǎozhèn chéngwéile zhùmíng de lǚyóu chéngshì. This small...
自己 (zìjǐ) — oneself; myself/yourself/himself
自己 (zìjǐ) 自己 is a reflexive pronoun meaning "oneself." Unlike English, the same form works for all persons: 我自己 (myself), 你自己 (yourself), 他自己 (himself). It emphasizes that the subject performs the action independently, without help. It can follow the subject for emphasis or replace a pronoun object. Meanings [pron] Oneself — reflexive, referring back to the subject of the sentence. [pron] By oneself; on one's own — stressing independence or...
领导 (lǐngdǎo) — to lead; leader; leadership
领导 (lǐngdǎo) 领导 functions as both a verb meaning to lead or guide an organisation, and as a noun referring to a leader or the leadership of an organisation, and is one of the most common words in Chinese organisational and political vocabulary. Meanings [verb] to lead; to guide; to head (an organisation or group) [noun] leader; leaders; leadership; those in charge Example Sentences 她被任命为新部门的负责人，领导一支由三十人组成的团队。 Tā bèi rènmìng wéi xīn...
灵活 (línghuó) — flexible; agile; adaptable
灵活 (línghuó) 灵活 describes the quality of being flexible, agile, or adaptable — able to move, think, or respond quickly and easily in response to changing conditions. It is used for people (quick-thinking), schedules (flexible hours), and methods (versatile approaches). Meanings [adjective] Flexible; agile; nimble; adaptable; versatile. Example Sentences 公司为员工提供了灵活的工作时间安排，有助于提高工作积极性。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōng le línghuó de gōngzuò shíjiān ānpái, yǒu zhù yú tígāo gōngzuò jījí xìng. The company offers...
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient; easy to use
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 describes things that are convenient, handy, or easy to do. It can describe locations (交通方便 — convenient transport), actions (这样做比较方便 — this way is more convenient), or be used in polite requests (方便的话… — if it's convenient for you…). Meanings [adj] Convenient; handy — easy to use, access, or do. [adj] Suitable; appropriate — used in polite questions about whether the time is right. Example Sentences 这里交通很方便。...
有限 (yǒuxiàn) — limited, finite
有限 (yǒuxiàn) Describes something that is bounded or restricted -- not infinite or unlimited -- whether in quantity, time, ability, or scope. Meanings [adjective] limited, finite, restricted Example Sentences 由于资金有限，项目只能缩小规模进行。 Yóuyú zījīn yǒuxiàn, xiàngmù zhǐ néng suōxiǎo guīmó jìnxíng. Due to limited funding, the project can only proceed on a reduced scale. 时间有限，请尽量简短地表达您的观点。 Shíjiān yǒuxiàn, qǐng jǐnliàng jiǎnduǎn de biǎodá nín de guāndiǎn. Time is limited, so please express your...
原则 (yuánzé) — principle
原则 (yuánzé) 原则 refers to a fundamental principle, rule, or standard that guides one's behavior or decisions. Meanings [noun] principle; fundamental rule; standard Example Sentences 诚实是他做人的基本原则。 Chéngshí shì tā zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Honesty is his basic principle in life. 我们做事必须遵守一定的原则。 Wǒmen zuòshì bìxū zūnshǒu yīdìng de yuánzé. We must follow certain principles in what we do. 这个问题在原则上没有问题。 Zhège wèntí zài yuánzé shàng méiyǒu wèntí. In principle, there is no...
命题 (mìngtí) — proposition; to set a topic
命题 (mìngtí) 命题 has two related uses. As a noun, it means a proposition — a statement that can be evaluated as true or false (in logic) or a central thesis (in rhetoric). As a verb, it means to set or formulate a topic for an examination, essay, or debate. The word is used in logic, philosophy, education, and academic writing. Meanings [n] proposition (a statement evaluable as true or...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist someone, and can also function as a noun meaning help or assistance. Meanings [verb] to help; to assist [noun] help; assistance Example Sentences 谢谢你帮助我。 Xièxiè nǐ bāngzhù wǒ. Thank you for helping me. 他的帮助对我很重要。 Tā de bāngzhù duì wǒ hěn zhòngyào. His help is very important to me. 我需要你的帮助。 Wǒ xūyào nǐ de bāngzhù. I need your help. 她帮助了很多人找到工作。 Tā bāngzhùle hěn...
可惜 (kěxī) — it's a pity; unfortunately
可惜 (kěxī) 可惜 expresses regret that something unfortunate has happened or that something good was missed, equivalent to "it's a pity" or "unfortunately." Meanings [adj] unfortunate; regrettable; it's a pity [adv] unfortunately; regrettably Example Sentences 真可惜，你没能来参加我们的聚会。 Zhēn kěxī, nǐ méi néng lái cānjiā wǒmen de jùhuì. What a pity you couldn't come to our gathering. 可惜天气不好，我们不能去爬山。 Kěxī tiānqì bù hǎo, wǒmen bù néng qù páshān. Unfortunately the weather is bad,...
遏制 (èzhì) — to restrain, to curb
遏制 (èzhì) 遏制 means to restrain, curb, or check the growth or spread of something, especially something negative like inflation, disease, conflict, or undesirable behavior. It implies active effort to hold something back or keep it under control. It is a formal word used primarily in political, economic, and security discourse. Meanings [v] to restrain; to curb; to check; to hold back [v] to suppress the spread or growth of...
脖子 (bózi) — neck
脖子 (bózi) 脖子 means neck. It refers to the part of the body that connects the head to the shoulders. The second syllable 子 is a neutral-tone suffix commonly added to body part words. Meanings [noun] Neck; the connecting part between head and shoulders. Example Sentences 他的脖子有点儿疼。 Tā de bózi yǒudiǎnr téng. His neck hurts a little. 她围着一条漂亮的围巾在脖子上。 Tā wéizhe yī tiáo piàoliang de wéijīn zài bózi shang. She has...
规避 (guībì) — to circumvent, to evade
规避 (guībì) 规避 means to evade or circumvent — to deliberately avoid something, especially risks, legal obligations, or regulations. It implies a strategic, planned avoidance rather than accidental evasion. In legal and financial contexts, it often refers to exploiting loopholes or using legitimate means to avoid obligations. It can be neutral (risk avoidance) or negative (evading responsibility). Meanings [v] to circumvent; to evade; to avoid (risks, rules, or obligations) strategically...
汉语 (Hànyǔ) — Chinese language (spoken)
汉语 (Hànyǔ) The Chinese language, specifically referring to the spoken form of Mandarin Chinese. 汉 refers to the Han people (the dominant ethnic group of China), and 语 means "language" or "speech." Compare with 中文 (zhōngwén), which more often refers to written Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language. The spoken form of Mandarin Chinese, the official language of China. Example Sentences 我在学汉语。 Wǒ zài xué Hànyǔ. I am studying Chinese. 他的汉语说得很好。...
高兴 (gāoxìng) — happy
高兴 (gāoxìng) An adjective describing a feeling of happiness or pleasure, typically in response to a specific event or situation. It refers to a cheerful, upbeat mood rather than deep contentment. Meanings [adjective] Happy, glad, pleased, in high spirits. [verb] To be glad to do something, to enjoy doing something. Example Sentences 见到你我很高兴。 Jiàn dào nǐ wǒ hěn gāoxìng. I am very happy to see you. 他考试考得很好，所以很高兴。 Tā kǎoshì kǎo...
梳理 (shūlǐ) — to comb through, to organize
梳理 (shūlǐ) 梳理 literally means to comb (hair), and metaphorically means to sort through, organize, or untangle complex information, ideas, or issues systematically. It implies bringing order to something that is complex or messy. It is widely used in academic and professional contexts when reviewing literature, organizing thoughts, or analyzing a tangled situation. Meanings [v] to comb through; to sort and organize systematically [v] to untangle; to clarify (a complex...
具体 (jùtǐ) — specific / concrete / detailed
具体 (jùtǐ) Describes something that is specific, concrete, and detailed rather than vague or abstract. Meanings [adjective] Specific, concrete, definite (not vague). [adjective] Detailed, particular, precise. Example Sentences 请说得具体一点儿。 Qǐng shuō de jùtǐ yīdiǎnr. Please be a bit more specific. 你有什么具体的计划吗？ Nǐ yǒu shénme jùtǐ de jìhuà ma? Do you have any specific plans? 老师给了我们具体的学习建议。 Lǎoshī gěi le wǒmen jùtǐ de xuéxí jiànyì. The teacher gave us specific study advice....
修 (xiū) — to repair / to fix / to trim
修 (xiū) To repair something that is broken or damaged, or to trim and adjust something to improve it. Meanings [verb] To repair, to fix, to mend. [verb] To trim, to build, to maintain (a road, building, etc.). Example Sentences 我的自行车坏了，需要修一下。 Wǒ de zìxíngchē huài le, xūyào xiū yīxià. My bicycle is broken and needs to be fixed. 师傅正在修这条路。 Shīfu zhèngzài xiū zhè tiáo lù. The worker is currently repairing...
表明 (biǎomíng) — to indicate; to make clear
表明 (biǎomíng) 表明 means to make something evident or explicit, whether through actions, data, or statements, and is a formal alternative to 说明 when emphasizing that a fact or stance is clearly revealed. Meanings [verb] to indicate; to show; to make clear; to express Example Sentences 数据表明，今年的经济增长超出预期。 Shùjù biǎomíng, jīnnián de jīngjì zēngzhǎng chāochū yùqī. The data indicates that this year's economic growth has exceeded expectations. 他的行动表明他对这项工作非常认真。 Tā de xíngdòng...
特征 (tèzhēng) — characteristic, feature
特征 (tèzhēng) 特征 refers to a distinctive characteristic or feature that identifies or distinguishes something, typically an observable or measurable quality that helps define what something is. Meanings [noun] characteristic, feature, distinguishing mark [noun] typical trait (that defines a category or type) Example Sentences 城镇化是现代社会发展的重要特征之一。 Chéngzhèn huà shì xiàndài shèhuì fāzhǎn de zhòng yào tèzhēng zhī yī. Urbanization is one of the important characteristics of modern social development. 这种植物最显著的特征是它鲜艳的红色叶片。 Zhè...
表明 (biǎomíng) — to indicate; to make clear; to show
表明 (biǎomíng) 表明 means "to indicate," "to make clear," or "to show" and is used when someone or something clearly demonstrates or states a position, attitude, or fact. Meanings [verb] to indicate; to show clearly [verb] to make clear; to express; to state explicitly Example Sentences 他的行动表明他非常认真。 Tā de xíngdòng biǎomíng tā fēicháng rènzhēn. His actions show that he is very serious. 调查结果表明这个方法有效。 Diàochá jiéguǒ biǎomíng zhège fāngfǎ yǒuxiào. The...
特征 (tèzhēng) — characteristic; feature; trait
特征 (tèzhēng) 特征 refers to a distinguishing characteristic, feature, or trait that sets something or someone apart. Meanings [noun] characteristic; feature; trait; a distinguishing property or quality Example Sentences 这种动物最明显的特征是它的长脖子。 Zhè zhǒng dòngwù zuì míngxiǎn de tèzhēng shì tā de cháng bózi. The most obvious characteristic of this animal is its long neck. 了解文化特征有助于促进跨文化交流。 Liǎojiě wénhuà tèzhēng yǒu zhù yú cùjìn kuà wénhuà jiāoliú. Understanding cultural characteristics helps promote cross-cultural...
进而 (jìn'ér) — furthermore; and then; going further
进而 (jìn'ér) 进而 is a formal conjunctive adverb that introduces a further step, consequence, or development following logically from what was previously stated, implying a natural progression or escalation. Meanings [conjunction] furthermore; and then; going a step further; thereby Example Sentences 他先掌握了基础知识，进而开始研究更复杂的理论。 Tā xiān zhǎngwòle jīchǔ zhīshi, jìn'ér kāishǐ yánjiū gèng fùzá de lǐlùn. He first mastered the basic knowledge and then went on to study more complex theories. 这项技术降低了生产成本，进而提高了企业的市场竞争力。...
急迫 (jípò) — urgent; pressing; hurried
急迫 (jípò) 急迫 describes a situation or manner that is urgent and pressing, requiring immediate attention or action, often carrying a sense of anxiety or impatience alongside the urgency. Meanings [adjective] urgent; pressing; critical (of a situation demanding immediate action) [adjective] hurried; anxious; impatient (of a person's manner or emotion) Example Sentences 灾区的救援工作形势十分急迫，政府已紧急调拨物资支援当地民众。 Zāiqū de jiùyuán gōngzuò xíngshì shífēn jípò, zhèngfǔ yǐ jǐnjí diàobō wùzī zhīyuán dāngdì mínzhòng. The rescue...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) 打电话 is a verb-object phrase meaning "to make a phone call." 打 (to hit/do) is used with many communication and activity verbs in Chinese: 打电话 (phone call), 打篮球 (play basketball), 打招呼 (greet). The person you call is introduced with 给 (gěi): 给他打电话 (call him). Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call; to call someone. Used for initiating a telephone conversation. Example Sentences 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng...
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) — smartphone
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) 智能手机 refers to a smartphone, a handheld device that combines phone functions with computing power. It is the standard term used in everyday speech and writing across all age groups. Meanings [noun] smartphone; an intelligent mobile phone with apps, internet access, and advanced features Example Sentences 他每天都用智能手机查天气。 Tā měitiān dōu yòng zhìnéng shǒujī chá tiānqì. He checks the weather on his smartphone every day. 这款智能手机的电池很耐用。 Zhè kuǎn...
拿 (ná) — to take, to hold, to carry
拿 (ná) 拿 means to take, hold, or carry something with the hand. It implies using your hand to pick up or hold an object. It is a physical, hands-on action. Meanings [verb] To take, to pick up, to hold (with the hand). [verb] To carry, to bring. Example Sentences 你能帮我拿一下这个吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ná yīxià zhège ma? Can you help me hold this for a moment? 她手里拿着一本书。 Tā...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree
同意 (tóngyì) 同意 means to agree, consent, or approve. It expresses alignment with an opinion, plan, or request. It is the direct opposite of 反对 (to oppose). It can follow a subject directly and takes an object that is the thing agreed to. Meanings [verb] To agree; to consent; to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 父母同意了他的计划。 Fùmǔ tóngyì le tā de...
您 (nín) — you (formal)
您 (nín) The formal, polite form of "you," used when addressing elders, teachers, customers, or anyone deserving extra respect; it always stays singular and has no plural form. Meanings [pronoun] You (formal/respectful singular). Example Sentences 您好，请问您贵姓？ Nín hǎo, qǐngwèn nín guìxìng? Hello, may I ask your surname? 老师，您辛苦了。 Lǎoshī, nín xīnkǔ le. Teacher, you have worked hard. 您请坐。 Nín qǐng zuò. Please have a seat. 感谢您的帮助。 Gǎnxiè nín de bāngzhù....
糖 (táng) — sugar / candy
糖 (táng) 糖 means both sugar as an ingredient and candy or sweets as a treat. Context determines which is meant, though both meanings share the same character. Meanings [noun] Sugar (the ingredient; granulated, white, brown). [noun] Candy; sweets; a piece of sweet confectionery. Example Sentences 这个蛋糕放了太多糖。 Zhège dàngāo fàng le tài duō táng. This cake has too much sugar in it. 小孩子都喜欢吃糖。 Xiǎo háizi dōu xǐhuan chī táng. Children...
背景 (bèijǐng) — background; backdrop
背景 (bèijǐng) 背景 means background or backdrop in both the literal sense (the background of a photo or scene) and the figurative senses: the historical/social context of an event, or a person's family background and social connections. Meanings [noun] background; backdrop (visual or contextual) [noun] context; circumstances; background (of an event or issue) [noun] personal background; family connections; "connections" (informal) Example Sentences 了解这段历史的时代背景，有助于更深刻地理解当时人们的选择。 Liǎojiě zhè duàn lìshǐ de shídài bèijǐng,...
衣服 (yīfu) — clothes, clothing
衣服 (yīfu) Clothes or clothing in general. 衣 means "garment" and 服 also relates to clothing or attire. Together they form the general word for any type of clothing. Meanings [noun] Clothes, clothing. Any garments or items worn to cover the body. Example Sentences 我想买一件衣服。 Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yī jiàn yīfu. I want to buy a piece of clothing. 这件衣服很好看。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn hǎokàn. This outfit looks very nice....
瓶 (píng) — measure word for bottles
瓶 (píng) A measure word used for bottles and their contents. 瓶 also functions as a noun meaning "bottle." It is used whenever you count or refer to something contained in a bottle. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for bottles and bottled contents. [noun] Bottle. A narrow-necked container for liquids. What 瓶 counts 瓶 is used with: 水 (shuǐ): water — 一瓶水 (one bottle of water) 酒 (jiǔ): alcohol — 一瓶酒...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — therefore; so
所以 (suǒyǐ) 所以 is a conjunction meaning "therefore," "so," or "as a result" -- it introduces a conclusion or consequence based on a reason given earlier. Meanings [conjunction] therefore; so; as a result; that is why Example Sentences 他生病了，所以没来上班。 Tā shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ méi lái shàngbān. He was sick, so he didn't come to work. 因为下雨，所以我们取消了比赛。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen qǔxiāole bǐsài. Because it was raining, we cancelled the...
来自 (láizì) — to come from; to be from
来自 (láizì) 来自 is used to express where a person or thing originates from, whether a place, a source, or a background. Meanings [verb] to come from; to be from — indicating the origin, source, or place of provenance of a person or thing Example Sentences 他来自北京。 Tā láizì Běijīng. He comes from Beijing. 这个想法来自一本书。 Zhège xiǎngfǎ láizì yī běn shū. This idea comes from a book. 班里有很多来自不同国家的学生。 Bān lǐ...
总共 (zǒnggòng) — in total; altogether; in all
总共 (zǒnggòng) 总共 indicates the total sum of something when all parts are counted together, meaning "in total," "altogether," or "in all." Meanings [adverb] In total; altogether; in all (states the combined count or amount). Example Sentences 这次旅行总共花了三千元。 Zhè cì lǚxíng zǒnggòng huā le sānqiān yuán. This trip cost three thousand yuan in total. 班上总共有三十名学生。 Bān shàng zǒnggòng yǒu sānshí míng xuésheng. There are thirty students in the class altogether....
从 (cóng) — from
从 (cóng) 从 is a preposition meaning "from." It marks the starting point of a journey, a time span, or a source, and is typically paired with 到 (dào, to) to indicate origin and destination together. Meanings [preposition] From (a place, a time, or a source — marking the starting point). Example Sentences 我从北京来。 Wǒ cóng Běijīng lái. I come from Beijing. 从家到学校要二十分钟。 Cóng jiā dào xuéxiào yào èrshí fēnzhōng....
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) — how is it, what do you think
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) An interrogative used to ask about the condition, quality, or state of something ("how is it?") or to solicit an opinion ("what do you think?"); unlike 怎么, which asks about the manner of an action, 怎么样 asks about a state or seeks feedback. Meanings [adjective/pronoun] How is it, how are things (asking about condition or state). [phrase] What do you think, how about it (seeking an opinion or...
提炼 (tíliàn) — to refine, to extract the essence
提炼 (tíliàn) 提炼 means to refine or extract — to process raw material (literal or figurative) to obtain the most valuable or essential elements, discarding the rest. Literally, it refers to refining metals or chemicals. Figuratively, it means to distill the essence of ideas, language, or experience into something pure and concentrated. Meanings [v] to refine; to extract the essence; to distill [v] to process and purify (material or abstract...
解释 (jiěshì) — to explain; to interpret; explanation
解释 (jiěshì) 解释 means to explain by giving reasons, causes, or the meaning behind something. It is used when someone wants to justify an action, clarify a misunderstanding, or define a concept. As a noun it refers to an explanation or interpretation. Meanings [verb] To explain; to interpret; to account for; to justify. [noun] Explanation; interpretation. Example Sentences 他详细解释了迟到的原因，大家表示理解。 Tā xiángxì jiěshì le chídào de yuányīn, dàjiā biǎoshì lǐjiě. He...
举 (jǔ) — to lift / to raise / to cite
举 (jǔ) A verb meaning to lift, raise, or hold up something, and also to give or cite an example. Meanings [verb] To lift, to raise, to hold up. [verb] To give (an example), to cite, to name. Example Sentences 请举手回答问题。 Qǐng jǔ shǒu huídá wèntí. Please raise your hand to answer the question. 老师举了一个很好的例子。 Lǎoshī jǔ le yīgè hěn hǎo de lìzi. The teacher gave a very good example....
节省 (jiéshěng) — to save; to economize
节省 (jiéshěng) 节省 means "to save" or "to economize" and refers to using resources such as money, time, or energy carefully to avoid waste. Meanings [verb] to save; to economize; to be frugal with [adjective] economical; thrifty Example Sentences 坐地铁可以节省很多时间。 Zuò dìtiě kěyǐ jiéshěng hěn duō shíjiān. Taking the subway can save a lot of time. 他养成了节省的好习惯。 Tā yǎngchéng le jiéshěng de hǎo xíguàn. He developed the good habit of...
基础 (jīchǔ) — foundation, basis
基础 (jīchǔ) 基础 refers to the foundation or basis upon which something is built, whether physical, intellectual, or institutional, implying the indispensable groundwork that supports everything above it. Meanings [noun] foundation, basis, groundwork (physical or abstract) [adjective] basic, foundational (as in 基础教育, basic education) Example Sentences 扎实的理论基础是进行高水平研究的前提。 Zhāshí de lǐlùn jīchǔ shì jìnxíng gāo shuǐpíng yánjiū de qiántí. A solid theoretical foundation is a prerequisite for conducting high-level research. 诚信是社会文明的重要基础。...
监管 (jiānguǎn) — to regulate; regulation; oversight
监管 (jiānguǎn) 监管 refers to the official regulatory oversight and control exercised by authorities over industries, markets, or activities to ensure compliance with laws and standards. Meanings [verb] to regulate; to supervise; to oversee officially [noun] regulation; regulatory oversight Example Sentences 金融监管部门加强了对银行业的检查力度。 Jīnróng jiāngǎn bùmén jiāqiáng le duì yínhángyè de jiǎnchá lìdù. Financial regulatory authorities have strengthened their inspections of the banking sector. 科技巨头面临越来越严格的政府监管。 Kējì jùtóu miànlín yuèlái yuè yángé...
交流 (jiāoliú) — to exchange; to communicate; exchange
交流 (jiāoliú) 交流 describes the two-way sharing of ideas, information, or experiences, emphasizing the mutual and interactive nature of the exchange. Meanings [verb] To exchange, to communicate, to share (ideas, experiences, views). [noun] An exchange, communication, interaction. Example Sentences 这次国际学术会议为来自不同国家的研究人员提供了交流的平台。 Zhè cì guójì xuéshù huìyì wèi láizì bùtóng guójiā de yánjiū rényuán tígōng le jiāoliú de píngtái. This international academic conference provided a platform for researchers from different countries to...
基础 (jīchǔ) — foundation; basis; groundwork
基础 (jīchǔ) 基础 refers to the foundational knowledge, skills, or physical structure upon which something more advanced is built. Meanings [noun] Foundation; basis; groundwork; base; fundamentals. Example Sentences 学好数学需要打好基础。 Xué hǎo shùxué xūyào dǎ hǎo jīchǔ. Learning mathematics well requires building a solid foundation. 这栋楼的基础非常牢固。 Zhè dòng lóu de jīchǔ fēicháng láogù. The foundation of this building is very solid. 没有良好的语言基础很难阅读专业文章。 Méiyǒu liánghǎo de yǔyán jīchǔ hěn nán yuèdú zhuānyè...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 refers to a more formal or structured plan, often written out or thought through in advance. As a verb it means to plan. It is more systematic than 打算 (dǎsuàn), which describes personal intentions. Meanings [noun] Plan; program; schedule. [verb] To plan; to schedule. Example Sentences 我们制定了一个旅游计划。 Wǒmen zhìdìng le yīgè lǚyóu jìhuà. We drew up a travel plan. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
设施 (shèshī) — facility; installation; infrastructure
设施 (shèshī) 设施 means "facility," "installation," or "infrastructure" and refers to physical systems or equipment set up to serve a specific purpose. Meanings [noun] facility; installation; infrastructure; amenity Example Sentences 这个酒店的设施非常完善。 Zhège jiǔdiàn de shèshī fēicháng wánshàn. The facilities of this hotel are very complete. 城市的基础设施需要不断改善。 Chéngshì de jīchǔ shèshī xūyào bùduàn gǎishàn. Urban infrastructure needs continuous improvement. 学校新建了很多现代化教育设施。 Xuéxiào xīn jiàn le hěn duō xiàndàihuà jiàoyù shèshī. The school...
允许 (yǔnxǔ) — to allow
允许 (yǔnxǔ) 允许 means to allow or grant permission. It is used by someone in authority (a teacher, parent, rule, or law) giving or withholding consent for an action. Meanings [verb] To allow; to permit; to give consent. Example Sentences 这里不允许吸烟。 Zhèlǐ bù yǔnxǔ xīyān. Smoking is not allowed here. 老师允许我们带词典进考场。 Lǎoshī yǔnxǔ wǒmen dài cídiǎn jìn kǎochǎng. The teacher allowed us to bring dictionaries into the exam room. 时间允许的话，我们再讨论一下。...
推 (tuī) — to push
推 (tuī) 推 means to push. It is the physical act of pushing something or someone away from you. It also appears in extended meanings such as to promote, to recommend, or to postpone. The opposite physical action is 拉 (to pull). Remembering this pair is easy: 推 pushes away, 拉 pulls toward you. Many doors in China are labeled 推 (push) or 拉 (pull), so learning both is immediately...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting; fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) 有意思 describes something that is interesting, fun, amusing, or thought-provoking enough to hold one's attention. Meanings [adjective] interesting; engaging; worth paying attention to [adjective] fun; amusing; entertaining Example Sentences 这本书非常有意思，我一口气读完了。 Zhè běn shū fēicháng yǒu yìsi, wǒ yī kǒu qì dú wán le. This book is extremely interesting; I read it all in one go. 今天的课很有意思，老师讲了很多故事。 Jīntiān de kè hěn yǒu yìsi, lǎoshī jiǎng le hěn duō...
运营 (yùnyíng) — to operate; operations
运营 (yùnyíng) 运营 refers to the ongoing operation and management of a business, platform, or service, and is a core term in Chinese business, marketing, and management contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to operate; to run (a business or service) [noun] operations; management of ongoing activities Example Sentences 这家公司运营着全国最大的电商平台之一。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yùnyíngzhe quánguó zuì dà de diànshāng píngtái zhī yī. This company operates one of the largest e-commerce...
吃 (chī) — to eat
吃 (chī) 吃 is the standard verb for eating. It takes food as its object and appears in some of the most common daily phrases in Chinese. Meanings [verb] To eat, to consume food. Example Sentences 你吃早饭了吗？ Nǐ chī zǎofàn le ma? Have you eaten breakfast? 我想吃饺子。 Wǒ xiǎng chī jiǎozi. I want to eat dumplings. 他每天中午在公司吃饭。 Tā měitiān zhōngwǔ zài gōngsī chīfàn. He eats lunch at the company every...
借 (jiè) — to borrow / to lend
借 (jiè) A verb that means both "to borrow" (from someone) and "to lend" (to someone), depending on context. Direction is indicated by the surrounding words. Meanings [verb] To borrow (take temporarily from someone). [verb] To lend (give temporarily to someone). Example Sentences 我可以借一下你的笔吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ jiè yīxià nǐ de bǐ ma? May I borrow your pen for a moment? 他向图书馆借了几本书。 Tā xiàng túshūguǎn jiè le jǐ běn shū. He...
相比之下 (xiāng bǐ zhī xià) — by comparison, in contrast
相比之下 (xiāng bǐ zhī xià) 相比之下 is a fixed phrase used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to signal that a comparison is being made, meaning "by comparison" or "in contrast." Meanings [phrase] by comparison, in contrast, comparatively speaking Example Sentences 相比之下，这个方法更简单。 Xiāng bǐ zhī xià, zhège fāngfǎ gèng jiǎndān. By comparison, this method is simpler. 他的成绩很好，相比之下，我的成绩就差多了。 Tā de chéngjì hěn hǎo, xiāng bǐ zhī xià, wǒ de...
拥有 (yōngyǒu) — to possess; to own; to have
拥有 (yōngyǒu) 拥有 describes the possession of something — typically something valuable, significant, or abstract — and carries more weight than simply 有 (to have). Meanings [verb] To possess, to own, to have (especially something of value or significance). Example Sentences 这座城市拥有数百年的历史，保存着大量珍贵的文化遗址。 Zhè zuò chéngshì yōngyǒu shù bǎi nián de lìshǐ, bǎocún zhe dàliàng zhēnguì de wénhuà yízhǐ. This city possesses hundreds of years of history and preserves numerous precious...
辨别 (biànbié) — to distinguish, to differentiate
辨别 (biànbié) 辨别 means to distinguish or differentiate between things, especially when they appear similar or when careful judgment is required. It implies an active cognitive process of discerning differences in quality, nature, or identity. It is used in both concrete contexts (distinguishing sounds or colors) and abstract ones (distinguishing right from wrong). Meanings [v] to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart [v] to discern; to identify through careful observation...
处方 (chǔfāng) — prescription
处方 (chǔfāng) 处方 is the written instruction from a doctor telling a pharmacist which medicine to give a patient. It is an essential word for talking about medical consultations and pharmacy visits. Meanings [noun] prescription; a doctor's written order specifying medication and dosage Example Sentences 没有处方，药店不卖这种药。 Méiyǒu chǔfāng, yàodiàn bù mài zhè zhǒng yào. Without a prescription, the pharmacy will not sell this medicine. 医生给我开了一张处方。 Yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le...
快 (kuài) — fast / quick
快 (kuài) An adjective and adverb meaning "fast," "quick," or "soon." As an adjective, it describes speed. As an adverb before a verb, it means "quickly" or "hurry up." Its antonym is 慢 (màn), meaning "slow." Meanings [adjective] Fast, quick, speedy. [adverb] Quickly, soon (describing how something happens or urging speed). Example Sentences 他跑得很快。 Tā pǎo de hěn kuài. He runs very fast. 快点，要迟到了！ Kuài diǎn, yào chídào le! Hurry...
绝对 (juéduì) — absolute; absolutely; definite
绝对 (juéduì) 绝对 means "absolute" or "absolutely" and is used to emphasize that something is definite, unconditional, or without exception. Meanings [adjective] absolute; unconditional; without exception [adverb] absolutely; definitely; certainly Example Sentences 这是绝对正确的答案。 Zhè shì juéduì zhèngquè de dá'àn. This is the absolutely correct answer. 你绝对不能告诉他这个秘密。 Nǐ juéduì bù néng gàosù tā zhège mìmì. You absolutely cannot tell him this secret. 我绝对相信她说的话。 Wǒ juéduì xiāngxìn tā shuō de huà. I...
打算 (dǎsuàn) — to plan
打算 (dǎsuàn) 打算 expresses a personal plan or intention. It is followed directly by a verb phrase stating what you intend to do, and it describes plans that are not yet finalized. Meanings [verb] To plan; to intend; to have in mind to do. [noun] A plan; an intention. Example Sentences 你打算去哪儿度假？ Nǐ dǎsuàn qù nǎr dùjià? Where do you plan to go on vacation? 我打算明年去中国留学。 Wǒ dǎsuàn míngnián qù...
电视 (diànshì) — television
电视 (diànshì) A noun meaning television or TV. It combines 电 (electricity) and 视 (see/vision). The word refers to both the television set and to television as a medium. Meanings [noun] Television, TV set. [noun] Television as a medium (watching TV in general). Example Sentences 你喜欢看电视吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān kàn diànshì ma? Do you like watching TV? 这台电视很大。 Zhè tái diànshì hěn dà. This television set is very big. 他每天晚上看两个小时的电视。 Tā...
声明 (shēngmíng) — to declare; to state; declaration
声明 (shēngmíng) 声明 refers to a formal declaration or statement, used both as a verb (to declare) and a noun (a declaration or announcement). Meanings [verb] to declare; to state formally; to announce [noun] a declaration; a formal statement Example Sentences 政府发表了一份正式声明。 Zhèngfǔ fābiǎole yī fèn zhèngshì shēngmíng. The government issued a formal declaration. 他声明自己对这件事一无所知。 Tā shēngmíng zìjǐ duì zhè jiàn shì yī wú suǒ zhī. He declared that he...
面包 (miànbāo) — bread
面包 (miànbāo) 面包 is the word for bread — the baked product made from flour and eaten widely in Western-style breakfasts, cafes, and bakeries across China. 面 means "flour / noodles" and 包 means "bundle / wrapped thing." The measure word for a loaf is 条 (tiáo) and for a slice or individual roll it is 片 (piàn) or 个 (gè). Meanings [noun] Bread; any baked flour-based bread product. Example...
情绪 (qíngxù) — mood; emotion; sentiment
情绪 (qíngxù) 情绪 refers to a person's current emotional state, mood, or the general emotional atmosphere of a group. Meanings [noun] Mood; emotion; sentiment; feeling; morale. Example Sentences 他今天情绪很好，一直在笑。 Tā jīntiān qíngxù hěn hǎo, yīzhí zài xiào. He is in a very good mood today and has been smiling all along. 她的情绪受到了坏消息的影响。 Tā de qíngxù shòudào le huài xiāoxi de yǐngxiǎng. Her mood was affected by the bad news. 学会控制情绪是一种重要能力。...
诠释 (quánshì) — to interpret; to explain
诠释 (quánshì) 诠释 means to interpret or explain something in a thorough, often definitive way, and is used for interpreting texts, concepts, performances, or the meaning of experiences. Meanings [verb] to interpret; to explain thoroughly; to give an interpretation of [noun] interpretation; explanation Example Sentences 这位演员用精湛的表演诠释了这个角色。 Zhè wèi yǎnyuán yòng jīngzhàn de biǎoyǎn quánshì le zhège juésè. This actor gave a superb interpretation of the character through his brilliant performance....
核实 (héshí) — to verify, to confirm
核实 (héshí) To investigate and confirm whether information, a claim, or a set of facts is accurate -- a critical step in journalism, law, science, and official procedures. Meanings [verb] to verify, to confirm, to authenticate, to check the facts Example Sentences 记者在发表报道前必须核实所有信息的真实性。 Jìzhě zài fābiǎo bàodào qián bìxū héshí suǒyǒu xìnxī de zhēnshí xìng. Journalists must verify the authenticity of all information before publishing a report. 警方正在核实目击者的证词是否与监控录像相符。 Jǐngfāng zhèngzài...
统筹 (tǒngchóu) — to plan holistically; overall coordination
统筹 (tǒngchóu) 统筹 means to plan and coordinate all aspects of something in a unified and comprehensive way, taking the big picture into account rather than handling parts in isolation. It is a key term in Chinese administrative and policy language. Meanings [verb] to plan holistically; to coordinate comprehensively; to take an overall approach to planning [noun] overall planning; holistic coordination Example Sentences 政府需要统筹考虑经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。 Zhèngfǔ xūyào tǒngchóu kǎolǜ jīngjì fāzhǎn...
研究 (yánjiū) — research; study
研究 (yánjiū) 研究 means to research or study something carefully, or refers to the research or study itself as a noun. Meanings [verb] to research; to study; to investigate carefully [noun] research; a study; careful investigation of a subject Example Sentences 科学家正在研究这种新病毒。 Kēxuéjiā zhèngzài yánjiū zhè zhǒng xīn bìngdú. Scientists are researching this new virus. 她的研究方向是人工智能。 Tā de yánjiū fāngxiàng shì réngōng zhìnéng. Her research direction is artificial intelligence. 这项研究结果对医学有重要意义。...
房间 (fángjiān) — room
房间 (fángjiān) A noun meaning room, specifically a room inside a building such as a bedroom, hotel room, or living room. It combines 房 (house, building) and 间 (space between, room). Meanings [noun] Room, a space inside a building. Example Sentences 我的房间不大，但很干净。 Wǒ de fángjiān bù dà, dàn hěn gānjìng. My room is not big, but it is very clean. 请打扫一下你的房间。 Qǐng dǎsǎo yīxià nǐ de fángjiān. Please clean up...
选举 (xuǎnjǔ) — election; to elect
选举 (xuǎnjǔ) 选举 refers to the process of choosing a person for an office or position through voting. It functions both as a noun meaning "election" and as a verb meaning "to elect." Meanings n election, vote v to elect, to vote for Example Sentences 这次总统选举吸引了全国人民的关注。 Zhè cì zǒngtǒng xuǎnjǔ xīyǐn le quánguó rénmín de guānzhù. This presidential election attracted the attention of the entire nation. 学生们选举出了新的班长。 Xuéshengmen xuǎnjǔ chū...
严重 (yánzhòng) — serious; severe; grave
严重 (yánzhòng) 严重 means serious, severe, or grave, describing a problem, situation, or condition that has significant negative consequences or poses a significant threat. It is used to signal that something demands urgent attention. Meanings [adjective] Serious; severe; grave; critical; bad. Example Sentences 如果不及时处理，这个问题可能会造成严重的后果。 Rúguǒ bù jíshí chǔlǐ, zhège wèntí kěnéng huì zàochéng yánzhòng de hòuguǒ. If not dealt with promptly, this problem could cause serious consequences. 他在事故中受了严重的伤，目前正在医院接受治疗。 Tā zài...
合同 (hétong) — contract; agreement
合同 (hétong) 合同 is the standard Chinese word for a contract -- a legally binding written agreement between parties that specifies obligations, rights, and terms. Meanings [noun] contract; written agreement; formal agreement Example Sentences 双方签署了一份为期三年的合同。 Shuāngfāng qiānshǔ le yī fèn wéiqī sān nián de hétong. Both parties signed a three-year contract. 请在签合同之前仔细阅读所有条款。 Qǐng zài qiān hétong zhīqián zīxì yuèdú suǒyǒu tiáokuǎn. Please read all the terms carefully before signing the...
反而 (fǎn'ér) — on the contrary; instead; unexpectedly
反而 (fǎn'ér) 反而 is an adverb that introduces a result contradicting what was expected, intended, or previously described, meaning "on the contrary," "instead," or "unexpectedly." Meanings [adverb] on the contrary; instead; unexpectedly (used when the actual result is the opposite of, or differs significantly from, the expected or desired outcome) Usage Note 反而 is placed before the verb or adjective in the clause describing the unexpected result. It typically follows...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the Chinese term for the internet, referring to the global network that connects computers and devices worldwide. Meanings [noun] the internet, the worldwide computer network Example Sentences 互联网改变了我们的生活方式。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. The internet has changed our way of life. 现在很多人通过互联网购物。 Xiànzài hěn duō rén tōngguò hùliánwǎng gòuwù. Many people now shop through the internet. 互联网让全世界的人可以互相交流。 Hùliánwǎng ràng quán shìjiè de rén kěyǐ...
干净 (gānjìng) — clean; neat
干净 (gānjìng) 干净 describes something that is free from dirt, stains, or clutter, and can apply to both physical objects and abstract things like speech or actions. Meanings [adj] clean; free from dirt or impurities [adj] neat; tidy; uncluttered Example Sentences 这个房间非常干净。 Zhège fángjiān fēicháng gānjìng. This room is very clean. 她每天都把桌子擦干净。 Tā měitiān dōu bǎ zhuōzi cā gānjìng. She wipes the table clean every day. 请把手洗干净再吃饭。 Qǐng bǎ shǒu...
合同 (hétong) — contract; agreement
合同 (hétong) 合同 is a formal contract or written agreement between two or more parties that is legally binding. Meanings [noun] a contract or formal written agreement between two or more parties Example Sentences 他们签了一份为期两年的合同。 Tāmen qiān le yī fèn wéiqī liǎng nián de hétong. They signed a two-year contract. 请仔细阅读合同中的每一条款。 Qǐng zǐxì yuèdú hétong zhōng de měi yī tiáokuǎn. Please carefully read every clause in the contract. 公司违反了合同，客户要求赔偿。 Gōngsī...
得到 (dédào) — to get; to obtain; to receive
得到 (dédào) 得到 is a resultative verb meaning "to get" or "to obtain." The 到 suffix indicates successful completion — the getting actually happened. It is used for obtaining tangible objects, intangible rewards, information, and abstract things like support or recognition. Meanings [verb] To get; to obtain; to receive; to achieve — successfully acquire something concrete or abstract. Example Sentences 他终于得到了他梦寐以求的工作。 Tā zhōngyú dédào le tā mèngmèiyǐqiú de gōngzuò. He...
开展 (kāizhǎn) — to carry out; to launch; to develop
开展 (kāizhǎn) 开展 means to carry out, launch, or develop an activity, project, or campaign, especially one that is organized and purposeful. Meanings [verb] to carry out; to launch; to develop; to unfold (activities) Example Sentences 学校开展了一系列环保活动。 Xuéxiào kāizhǎnle yī xìliè huánbǎo huódòng. The school launched a series of environmental protection activities. 公司正在开展新的培训项目。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāizhǎn xīn de péixùn xiàngmù. The company is carrying out new training programs. 政府开展了一场反腐败运动。 Zhèngfǔ...
记录 (jìlù) — to record; record; to document
记录 (jìlù) 记录 means "to record" or "to document" as a verb, and as a noun it refers to a record, log, or written account of something. Meanings [verb] to record; to document; to write down [noun] record; log; documentation; (also: a sports record) Example Sentences 请把会议内容记录下来。 Qǐng bǎ huìyì nèiróng jìlù xiàlái. Please record the content of the meeting. 他打破了世界纪录。 Tā dǎpò le shìjiè jìlù. He broke the world...
楼 (lóu) — building; floor (storey)
楼 (lóu) 楼 refers to a multi-storey building, and also to individual floors or storeys within a building. Meanings [noun] building (multi-storey); storey; floor [noun] upstairs Example Sentences 我住在五楼。 Wǒ zhù zài wǔ lóu. I live on the fifth floor. 这栋楼一共有二十层。 Zhè dòng lóu yīgòng yǒu èrshí céng. This building has twenty floors in total. 图书馆在教学楼的三楼。 Túshūguǎn zài jiàoxuélóu de sān lóu. The library is on the third floor of...
便宜 (piányí) — cheap / inexpensive
便宜 (piányí) An adjective meaning "cheap" or "inexpensive." It describes a price that is low or affordable. Note: in this meaning, 便 is read as pián, not biàn. Its antonym is 贵 (guì), meaning "expensive." Meanings [adjective] Cheap, inexpensive, affordable (in price). Example Sentences 这家店的东西很便宜。 Zhè jiā diàn de dōngxi hěn piányí. The things in this shop are very cheap. 这条裤子比那条便宜多了。 Zhè tiáo kùzi bǐ nà tiáo piányí duō le....
护士 (hùshi) — nurse
护士 (hùshi) 护士 means nurse. It refers to a medical professional who cares for patients in a hospital or clinic. 护 means to protect or care for, and 士 refers to a skilled person or professional. Nurses in Chinese hospitals are an essential part of the healthcare team. They monitor patients, administer medicine, take temperature readings, and provide daily care. The profession is respected, and in Chinese culture a 护士...
特点 (tèdiǎn) — characteristic; feature
特点 (tèdiǎn) 特点 refers to the distinctive qualities or features that set something or someone apart from others. Meanings [noun] characteristic; feature; distinctive quality; trait Example Sentences 这种水果的特点是又甜又多汁。 Zhè zhǒng shuǐguǒ de tèdiǎn shì yòu tián yòu duō zhī. The characteristic of this fruit is that it is both sweet and juicy. 每个地方都有自己的文化特点。 Měi gè dìfāng dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà tèdiǎn. Every place has its own cultural characteristics. 你能介绍一下这个产品的特点吗？...
况且 (kuàngqiě) — moreover; besides; furthermore
况且 (kuàngqiě) 况且 adds an additional reason that further supports an argument or conclusion already presented, meaning "moreover," "besides," or "what is more." Meanings [conjunction] Moreover; besides; furthermore (adds a reinforcing point to strengthen an argument). Example Sentences 这个工作太难了，况且薪水也不高。 Zhège gōngzuò tài nán le, kuàngqiě xīnshuǐ yě bù gāo. This job is too difficult, and besides, the salary is not high either. 现在太晚了，况且外面还在下雨。 Xiànzài tài wǎn le, kuàngqiě wàimiàn hái...
分析 (fēnxī) — to analyze; analysis
分析 (fēnxī) 分析 means to analyze something by separating it into its parts and examining each one carefully. It is used widely in academic, professional, and everyday contexts when you need to explain the reasoning behind a conclusion. Meanings [verb] To analyze; to examine in detail; to break down. [noun] Analysis; a detailed examination. Example Sentences 他对这个问题做了深入的分析。 Tā duì zhège wèntí zuò le shēnrù de fēnxī. He conducted an in-depth...
乐观 (lèguān) — Optimistic
乐观 (lèguān) 乐观 describes a positive, hopeful attitude toward life or a situation — the Chinese equivalent of "optimistic." Meanings [adjective] optimistic, hopeful, positive (in outlook) Example Sentences 他总是很乐观，即使遇到困难也不放弃。 Tā zǒngshì hěn lèguān, jíshǐ yùdào kùnnan yě bù fàngqì. He is always very optimistic; even when he faces difficulties, he does not give up. 我们应该对未来保持乐观的态度。 Wǒmen yīnggāi duì wèilái bǎochí lèguān de tàidu. We should maintain an optimistic attitude toward...
观念 (guānniàn) — concept; idea; notion
观念 (guānniàn) 观念 means "concept," "idea," or "notion" and refers to a belief, value, or way of thinking that is deeply held, often shaped by culture or upbringing. Meanings [noun] concept; notion; idea; way of thinking [noun] value; belief (often culturally or socially shaped) Example Sentences 传统观念在这里依然很强。 Chuántǒng guānniàn zài zhèlǐ yīrán hěn qiáng. Traditional ideas are still very strong here. 年轻人的消费观念与老一辈不同。 Niánqīngrén de xiāofèi guānniàn yǔ lǎo yībèi bùtóng....
分析 (fēnxī) — to analyze
分析 (fēnxī) 分析 means to break something down into its component parts in order to understand it better, and is one of the most essential terms in academic, scientific, and professional Chinese. Meanings [verb] to analyze; to examine in detail [noun] analysis; a systematic examination Example Sentences 我们需要仔细分析这份数据。 Wǒmen xūyào zǐxì fēnxī zhè fèn shùjù. We need to carefully analyze this data. 报告对市场趋势进行了深入分析。 Bàogào duì shìchǎng qūshì jìnxíngle shēnrù fēnxī....
况且 (kuàngqiě) — moreover, besides, what is more
况且 (kuàngqiě) 况且 is a conjunction that introduces an additional reason or consideration that reinforces or strengthens a preceding argument, often implying that the added point makes the conclusion even more certain. Meanings [conjunction] moreover, besides, furthermore, what is more (with an emphatic or reinforcing tone) Example Sentences 我今天太累了，况且外面还在下雨，就不出去了。 Wǒ jīntiān tài lèi le, kuàngqiě wàimiàn hái zài xià yǔ, jiù bù chūqù le. I am too tired today; moreover,...
显著 (xiǎnzhù) — significant, notable, marked
显著 (xiǎnzhù) Describes a change, effect, or difference that is clearly visible and substantial -- the standard word in academic, scientific, and journalistic writing for "significant" or "marked." Meanings [adjective] significant, notable, marked, conspicuous, prominent Example Sentences 经过治疗，患者的病情有了显著改善。 Jīngguò zhìliáo, huànzhě de bìngqíng yǒule xiǎnzhù gǎishàn. After treatment, the patient's condition showed significant improvement. 这项政策实施后，环境质量有了显著提升。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè shíshī hòu, huánjìng zhìliàng yǒule xiǎnzhù tíshēng. After the implementation of this...
政策 (zhèngcè) — policy; government policy
政策 (zhèngcè) 政策 refers to a policy, especially an official set of principles and guidelines adopted by a government, organization, or institution to guide decisions and actions. Meanings [noun] policy; government policy; official guidelines Example Sentences 政府出台了新的环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ chūtáile xīn de huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government introduced new environmental policies. 公司的人事政策最近有了很大变化。 Gōngsī de rénshì zhèngcè zuìjìn yǒule hěn dà biànhuà. The company's personnel policy has changed significantly recently. 了解当地的政策对外国投资者很重要。 Liǎojiě dāngdì...
企业 (qǐyè) — enterprise; company; firm
企业 (qǐyè) 企业 is a formal term for a business enterprise, company, or firm engaged in commercial or industrial activity. Meanings [noun] Enterprise; company; firm; business organization. Example Sentences 这家企业已经有五十年历史了。 Zhè jiā qǐyè yǐjīng yǒu wǔshí nián lìshǐ le. This enterprise has a history of fifty years. 政府鼓励中小企业创新。 Zhèngfǔ gǔlì zhōngxiǎo qǐyè chuàngxīn. The government encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate. 他创办了自己的企业。 Tā chuàngbànle zìjǐ de qǐyè. He founded...
油 (yóu) — oil
油 (yóu) 油 means oil. It covers cooking oil used in the kitchen, fuel for vehicles, and any oily or greasy substance. It has the water radical (氵) on the left because oil is a liquid. 加油 (to add oil) is also a very common cheer meaning "Go!" or "Keep it up!" Meanings [noun] Oil; cooking oil, fuel, or any greasy liquid substance. [adjective] Oily; greasy. Example Sentences 炒菜的时候要先放油。 Chǎocài...
幸福 (xìngfú) — happiness; happy; blessed
幸福 (xìngfú) 幸福 expresses a deep, lasting sense of well-being and contentment, going beyond momentary happiness to describe a fulfilled life. Meanings [noun/adj] happiness; a happy and blessed state; deep contentment; feeling fortunate and fulfilled Example Sentences 和家人在一起，我感到很幸福。 Hé jiārén zài yīqǐ, wǒ gǎndào hěn xìngfú. Being together with family, I feel very happy and blessed. 幸福不是靠钱买来的。 Xìngfú bù shì kào qián mǎi lái de. Happiness cannot be bought with...
政策 (zhèngcè) — policy
政策 (zhèngcè) An official set of principles or a plan of action adopted by a government, institution, or organization to guide decisions and achieve goals. Meanings [noun] policy, directive, official guideline Example Sentences 新的税收政策将从下月起正式实施。 Xīn de shuìshōu zhèngcè jiāng cóng xià yuè qǐ zhèngshì shíshī. The new tax policy will officially take effect from next month. 政府出台了一系列支持中小企业的优惠政策。 Zhèngfǔ chūtāile yī xìliè zhīchí zhōngxiǎo qǐyè de yōuhuì zhèngcè. The government has...
探讨 (tàntǎo) — to explore, to probe into
探讨 (tàntǎo) 探讨 means to explore or probe into a topic, typically through discussion, research, or inquiry. It suggests an open-ended, investigative approach rather than a definitive conclusion. The word implies intellectual curiosity and collaborative or scholarly investigation. It is commonly used in academic papers, seminar titles, and research proposals. Meanings [v] to explore; to investigate through inquiry or discussion [v] to probe into; to delve into a question or...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) 影响 means to influence or affect. It describes one thing having an effect on another, positively or negatively. As a noun it refers to the influence or impact itself. Meanings [verb] To influence; to affect; to impact. [noun] An influence; an effect; an impact. Example Sentences 天气影响了我们的计划。 Tiānqì yǐngxiǎng le wǒmen de jìhuà. The weather affected our plans. 他对我有很大的影响。 Tā duì wǒ yǒu hěn dà de yǐngxiǎng. He...
刚才 (gāngcái) — just now; a moment ago
刚才 (gāngcái) 刚才 means "just now" or "a moment ago" and always refers to a completed action in the past. Compare with 刚 (gāng), which means "just" and focuses on actions that are very recent but can still be ongoing or present: 他刚来 (He just arrived, he's here now) vs. 他刚才来了 (He came a moment ago, he may have left). 刚才 is only past tense; 刚 can be used for...
背景 (bèijǐng) — background; context; backdrop
背景 (bèijǐng) 背景 means "background" or "context" and can refer to the visual background of a scene, the historical or social context of an event, or a person's personal background. Meanings [noun] background; backdrop (visual) [noun] context; background (of an event or situation) [noun] personal background; connections; backing Example Sentences 这张照片的背景非常漂亮。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn de bèijǐng fēicháng piàoliang. The background of this photo is very beautiful. 了解历史背景有助于理解这部电影。 Liǎojiě lìshǐ bèijǐng...
引导 (yǐndǎo) — to guide; to lead
引导 (yǐndǎo) 引导 means to guide, lead, or direct someone toward a goal or in the right direction, often used in educational, social, or leadership contexts. Meanings [verb] to guide; to lead; to direct Example Sentences 老师引导学生思考问题。 Lǎoshī yǐndǎo xuéshēng sīkǎo wèntí. The teacher guided students to think about the problem. 父母应该引导孩子养成好习惯。 Fùmǔ yīnggāi yǐndǎo háizi yǎngchéng hǎo xíguàn. Parents should guide children to develop good habits. 他引导我们找到了出口。 Tā yǐndǎo...
特点 (tèdiǎn) — characteristic, feature
特点 (tèdiǎn) 特点 refers to a distinguishing feature or characteristic that sets a person, thing, or concept apart from others. Meanings [noun] characteristic, feature, trait, distinguishing quality Example Sentences 这种植物的特点是叶子很大。 Zhè zhǒng zhíwù de tèdiǎn shì yèzi hěn dà. The characteristic of this plant is that its leaves are very large. 他最大的特点是做事认真。 Tā zuì dà de tèdiǎn shì zuòshì rènzhēn. His greatest characteristic is that he is meticulous in everything...
先进 (xiānjìn) — advanced; cutting-edge
先进 (xiānjìn) 先进 describes something that is advanced, modern, or ahead of others in terms of technology, methods, or achievement. Meanings [adjective] advanced, cutting-edge, or ahead of the current standard Example Sentences 这家工厂使用了最先进的生产技术。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shǐyòng le zuì xiānjìn de shēngchǎn jìshù. This factory uses the most advanced production technology. 我们应该学习先进的管理经验。 Wǒmen yīnggāi xuéxí xiānjìn de guǎnlǐ jīngyàn. We should learn from advanced management experience. 先进的医疗设备帮助医生更好地诊断疾病。 Xiānjìn de yīliáo...
也 (yě) — also, too
也 (yě) An adverb meaning "also" or "too." 也 adds the same quality, action, or condition to the subject being talked about. It always comes before the verb or adjective, never at the end of a sentence. Meanings [adverb] Also, too. Indicates that the subject shares the same attribute or action as something previously mentioned. 也 vs. 都: the key contrast 也 applies to each subject individually, one at a...
读 (dú) — to read (aloud); to study
读 (dú) 读 primarily means to read aloud or to read text, and also means to study or attend school. It differs from 看 (kàn), which means to look at or read silently. 读书 can mean either "read a book" or "go to school/study." Meanings [verb] To read (aloud or with attention). [verb] To study, to attend school (in 读书 or 读大学). Example Sentences 请跟我读这个句子。 Qǐng gēn wǒ dú zhège...
引导 (yǐndǎo) — to guide; to lead; to direct
引导 (yǐndǎo) To guide or lead means to help direct someone's thinking, behavior, or movement toward a particular goal or along a particular path. Meanings [verb] to guide; to lead; to direct; to steer; to channel (people, thinking, or development) Example Sentences 老师善于引导学生独立思考，而不是直接给出答案。 Lǎoshī shànyú yǐndǎo xuéshēng dúlì sīkǎo, ér bù shì zhíjiē gěi chū dá'àn. The teacher is good at guiding students to think independently rather than giving answers...
受众 (shòuzhòng) — audience; target audience
受众 (shòuzhòng) 受众 refers to the intended audience or target group for media, advertising, publications, or any form of communication -- the people who receive and consume a message. Meanings [noun] audience; target audience; readership; viewership Example Sentences 这部电影的受众主要是年轻人。 Zhè bù diànyǐng de shòuzhòng zhǔyào shì niánqīngrén. The primary audience for this film is young people. 广告公司需要了解产品的目标受众。 Guǎnggào gōngsī xūyào liǎojiě chǎnpǐn de mùbiāo shòuzhòng. Advertising companies need to understand...
理解力 (lǐjiělì) — comprehension ability
理解力 (lǐjiělì) Strong comprehension ability is essential for reading complex academic texts at the B2 level. Meanings [noun] comprehension ability; the power to understand Example Sentences 他的理解力非常强，一遍就能学会新概念。 Tā de lǐjiělì fēicháng qiáng, yī biàn jiù néng xuéhuì xīn gàiniàn. His comprehension ability is very strong; he can grasp new concepts in one pass. 阅读训练可以有效提高学生的理解力。 Yuèdú xùnliàn kěyǐ yǒuxiào tígāo xuéshēng de lǐjiělì. Reading practice can effectively improve students' comprehension ability....
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) — challenge; to challenge
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) 挑战 refers to a difficult task or situation that tests one's abilities and requires effort to overcome, as well as the act of challenging someone or something. It carries both positive (opportunity to grow) and neutral connotations. Meanings [noun] challenge; a test of ability; a demanding situation [verb] to challenge; to test; to take on (a difficulty or opponent) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展对传统就业市场提出了前所未有的挑战。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn duì...
概括 (gàikuò) — to generalize, to summarize
概括 (gàikuò) 概括 means to generalize or summarize, capturing the essential features or key points of something in broad, concise terms. It implies distilling complexity into a clear, representative statement. The word is used both for summarizing content and for characterizing something in a few defining terms. It is slightly more interpretive than 概述, as it often involves identifying the most salient features. Meanings [v] to generalize; to summarize; to...
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) — to challenge; challenge
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) 挑战 means a challenge, used both as a noun (a difficult test or task) and as a verb (to challenge someone or something), requiring effort and courage to overcome. Meanings [noun] a challenge; a difficult test; a daunting task [verb] to challenge; to confront; to defy Example Sentences 学习一门新语言是一个很大的挑战。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán shì yīgè hěn dà de tiǎozhàn. Learning a new language is a great challenge....
都 (dōu) — all, both
都 (dōu) An adverb meaning "all" or "both." 都 indicates that a statement applies to every member of a group. It always comes before the verb, and the subject must be plural or refer to multiple things. Meanings [adverb] All, both. Applies the action or description collectively to every member of a group. 都 vs. 也: the key contrast 都 collects all subjects into one sweeping statement: "All of them...
森林覆盖率 (sēnlín fùgài lǜ) — forest coverage rate
森林覆盖率 (sēnlín fùgài lǜ) A key environmental indicator measuring the proportion of a region's total land area that is covered by forest -- central to discussions of ecology, climate, and biodiversity. Meanings [noun] forest coverage rate, forest cover percentage Example Sentences 中国的森林覆盖率已从上世纪的不足10%提升至如今的24%以上。 Zhōngguó de sēnlín fùgài lǜ yǐ cóng shàng shìjì de bùzú 10% tíshēng zhì rújīn de 24% yǐshàng. China's forest coverage rate has risen from less than 10%...
通气 (tōngqì) — to ventilate
通气 (tōngqì) 通气 in clinical medicine refers to ventilation — the movement of air or respiratory gases into and out of the lungs, whether spontaneous or mechanically assisted. At the C2 level, it encompasses a spectrum from basic bag-mask ventilation to advanced mechanical ventilation strategies in ICU settings. It is a cornerstone concept in respiratory medicine, critical care, anesthesia, and emergency medicine. Meanings verb to ventilate; to support or facilitate...
同学 (tóngxué) — classmate
同学 (tóngxué) A noun meaning classmate or schoolmate. It refers to someone who studies at the same school or in the same class. It can also be used as a polite way to address a student you do not know. Meanings [noun] Classmate, schoolmate, fellow student. [address form] Used to politely address a student you do not know. Example Sentences 她是我的同学，我们在同一个班。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngxué, wǒmen zài tóng yīgè...
工程师 (gōngchéngshī) — engineer
工程师 (gōngchéngshī) 工程师 refers to a professional engineer -- someone trained to design, build, or maintain systems and structures. Meanings [noun] engineer (professional title) Example Sentences 他是一名软件工程师。 Tā shì yī míng ruǎnjiàn gōngchéngshī. He is a software engineer. 工程师们正在设计新桥梁。 Gōngchéngshīmen zhèngzài shèjì xīn qiáoliáng. The engineers are designing a new bridge. 我想成为一名工程师。 Wǒ xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng gōngchéngshī. I want to become an engineer. 这位工程师解决了很多难题。 Zhè wèi gōngchéngshī jiějuéle hěn...
树 (shù) — tree
树 (shù) 树 means tree. It is one of the most basic nature words in Chinese. It also appears in compounds related to planting or establishing something, reflecting the idea that a tree is planted and grows over time. Meanings [noun] Tree; a tall woody plant. [verb] To plant; to establish; to set up (in formal or written use). Example Sentences 公园里有很多大树。 Gōngyuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō dà shù. There...
引领 (yǐnlǐng) — to lead; to pioneer; to show the way
引领 (yǐnlǐng) To lead or pioneer means to go ahead and show the way, inspiring or guiding others to follow, often used for innovation, trends, or social progress. Meanings [verb] to lead; to pioneer; to guide forward; to show the way; to set the trend for Example Sentences 中国正在努力引领全球新能源技术的发展。 Zhōngguó zhèngzài nǔlì yǐnlǐng quánqiú xīn néngyyuán jìshù de fāzhǎn. China is working hard to lead the development of global new...
从而 (cóng'ér) — thus; thereby; and as a result
从而 (cóng'ér) 从而 is a formal conjunction that introduces a result, consequence, or purpose that follows logically from the preceding action or situation, equivalent to "thereby," "thus," or "and as a result." Meanings [conjunction] thereby; thus; and as a result; so as to (introduces a consequence or purpose that follows from the preceding clause) Example Sentences 公司加大了研发投入，从而推动了技术创新和产品升级。 Gōngsī jiādàle yánfā tóurù, cóng'ér tuīdòngle jìshù chuàngxīn hé chǎnpǐn shēngjí. The company...
多 (duō) — many / much / a lot
多 (duō) An adjective meaning "many," "much," or "a lot." It describes large quantities of countable and uncountable things. As an adverb, 多 can intensify adjectives in questions (多大, how big?). Its antonym is 少 (shǎo), meaning "few" or "a little." Meanings [adjective] Many, a lot, numerous (for countable things). [adjective] Much, a great deal of (for uncountable things). [adverb] How (used in questions: 多大, how big; 多长, how long)....
出发 (chūfā) — to set off
出发 (chūfā) 出发 means to set off or depart from a location, usually the beginning of a trip or journey. It focuses on the moment of departure. Meanings [verb] To set off; to depart; to start (a journey). Example Sentences 我们明天早上八点出发。 Wǒmen míngtiān zǎoshang bā diǎn chūfā. We set off at eight o'clock tomorrow morning. 大家都准备好了，可以出发了。 Dàjiā dōu zhǔnbèi hǎo le, kěyǐ chūfā le. Everyone is ready; we can set...
点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) — Click-through rate, click rate
点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) 点击率 is a digital marketing and internet term referring to the ratio of users who click on a specific link, advertisement, or piece of content compared to the total number of users who view it. Meanings [noun] click-through rate (CTR); click rate; number of clicks (as a measure of popularity) Example Sentences 这篇文章的点击率在发布后几小时内就突破了一百万。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de diǎnjī lǜ zài fābù hòu jǐ xiǎoshí nèi jiù tūpòle...
研究 (yánjiū) — to research; research
研究 (yánjiū) 研究 means to study something in depth or systematically, and also functions as a noun meaning "research." Meanings [verb] to research; to study; to investigate [noun] research; study; investigation Example Sentences 他正在研究中国古代历史。 Tā zhèngzài yánjiū Zhōngguó gǔdài lìshǐ. He is currently researching ancient Chinese history. 这个研究成果对医学很有帮助。 Zhège yánjiū chéngguǒ duì yīxué hěn yǒu bāngzhù. This research result is very helpful for medicine. 我们需要认真研究这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào rènzhēn yánjiū zhège...
介绍 (jièshào) — to introduce / introduction
介绍 (jièshào) To introduce a person to others or to present information about something; also used as a noun meaning "introduction." Meanings [verb] To introduce (a person or topic). [noun] Introduction, presentation, description. Example Sentences 请介绍一下你自己。 Qǐng jièshào yīxià nǐ zìjǐ. Please introduce yourself. 他向大家介绍了这个新项目。 Tā xiàng dàjiā jièshào le zhège xīn xiàngmù. He introduced the new project to everyone. 这本书的介绍很有趣。 Zhè běn shū de jièshào hěn yǒuqù. The introduction...
融资 (róngzī) — to raise funds; financing
融资 (róngzī) 融资 refers to the process of raising or obtaining capital, and is a cornerstone term in Chinese business, finance, and start-up culture. Meanings [verb] to raise funds; to finance [noun] financing; fund-raising Example Sentences 这家初创公司成功融资一亿元。 Zhè jiā chūchuàng gōngsī chénggōng róngzī yī yì yuán. This start-up successfully raised 100 million yuan in financing. 融资渠道多元化对企业发展很重要。 Róngzī qúdào duōyuánhuà duì qǐyè fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào. Diversifying financing channels is important for...
内涵 (nèihán) — connotation, inner meaning
内涵 (nèihán) 内涵 refers to the inner substance, depth of meaning, or connotative richness of a concept, text, or person. When applied to a person, it means intellectual depth or cultural cultivation. When applied to a text or concept, it refers to the full range of connotations or inherent qualities. It is a prestige term in Chinese intellectual and cultural discourse. Meanings [n] connotation, inherent meaning (of a concept or...
否定 (fǒudìng) — Negate
否定 (fǒudìng) 否定 means to deny, negate, or reject something, or describes something that is negative in character. Meanings [verb] to negate; to deny; to reject; to nullify [adjective] negative (as opposed to affirmative) Example Sentences 他否定了所有的指控。 Tā fǒudìngle suǒyǒu de zhǐkòng. He denied all the accusations. 这种做法完全否定了之前的努力。 Zhè zhǒng zuòfǎ wánquán fǒudìngle zhīqián de nǔlì. This approach completely negates all previous efforts. 在语法上，"不"和"没"用来构成否定句。 Zài yǔfǎ shàng, "bù" hé "méi"...
完整 (wánzhěng) — complete; intact; whole
完整 (wánzhěng) 完整 means complete or intact, indicating that all necessary parts are present and nothing is missing, broken, or fragmented. It is used for information, documents, systems, structures, and arguments to indicate they are whole and undamaged. Meanings [adjective] Complete; intact; whole; undamaged; comprehensive. Example Sentences 请提交完整的申请材料，缺少任何文件都会影响审核进度。 Qǐng tíjiāo wánzhěng de shēnqǐng cáiliào, quēshǎo rènhé wénjiàn dōu huì yǐngxiǎng shěnhé jìndù. Please submit complete application materials; missing any document...
解释 (jiěshì) — to explain
解释 (jiěshì) 解释 means to explain or interpret. It is used when clarifying something complex, giving reasons for behavior, or providing a translation of meaning. It also functions as a noun meaning an explanation. Meanings [verb] To explain; to clarify; to interpret; to give reasons. [noun] Explanation; interpretation; clarification. Example Sentences 请你解释一下这句话的意思。 Qǐng nǐ jiěshì yīxià zhè jù huà de yìsi. Please explain the meaning of this sentence briefly. 他解释了为什么迟到了。...
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; calm; peaceful
安静 (ānjìng) 安静 describes a state of quiet or calm, either of a place or of a person's behavior. It can serve as a predicate adjective (这里很安静 — it's quiet here) or as an imperative (安静！— Be quiet!). It describes both physical silence and inner peacefulness. Meanings [adj] Quiet; silent — low noise level, peaceful surroundings. [adj] Calm; still — composed, not agitated or disruptive. Example Sentences 图书馆里很安静。 Túshūguǎn lǐ...
否定 (fǒudìng) — to negate; negation
否定 (fǒudìng) 否定 means to deny, negate, or refute something, and also functions as an adjective meaning "negative" (as opposed to affirmative). It is a key term in logic, debate, and critical discussion. Meanings [verb] to negate; to deny; to refute; to reject [adjective] negative (in logic or grammar); denying Example Sentences 他的观点遭到了与会者的否定。 Tā de guāndiǎn zāodàole yùhuì zhě de fǒudìng. His viewpoint was rejected by the participants at the...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) A hospital or medical facility where doctors treat patients. It is one of the most common public places discussed in everyday Chinese. Meanings [noun] Hospital. A building or institution providing medical and surgical treatment. Example Sentences 我去医院看病。 Wǒ qù yīyuàn kàn bìng. I am going to the hospital to see a doctor. 医院在哪里？ Yīyuàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the hospital? 她在医院工作。 Tā zài yīyuàn gōngzuò. She works at...
利润 (lìrùn) — profit
利润 (lìrùn) 利润 refers to the financial gain a business makes after all costs, expenses, and taxes have been subtracted from total revenue -- the bottom-line measure of commercial success. Meanings [noun] profit (the net financial gain of a business) Example Sentences 该公司今年的净利润同比增长了百分之二十。 Gāi gōngsī jīnnián de jìng lìrùn tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng le bǎifēnzhī èrshí. The company's net profit grew by twenty percent year-on-year this year. 追求利润最大化是许多企业的核心经营目标。 Zhuīqiú lìrùn zuìdàhuà...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan / to plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 means a plan or schedule, and as a verb means to plan or intend to do something. Meanings [noun] plan; program; schedule [verb] to plan; to intend; to schedule Example Sentences 我们需要制定一个详细的计划。 Wǒmen xūyào zhìdìng yīgè xiángxì de jìhuà. We need to make a detailed plan. 她计划明年去留学。 Tā jìhuà míngnián qù liúxué. She plans to study abroad next year. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
直播 (zhíbō) — live broadcast; to livestream
直播 (zhíbō) 直播 refers to broadcasting content in real time without pre-recording, a concept that has expanded dramatically with the rise of social media and e-commerce livestreaming in China. Meanings [verb] to broadcast live; to livestream [noun] live broadcast; livestream Example Sentences 这名主播每天晚上通过直播向粉丝展示新产品。 Zhè míng zhǔbō měitiān wǎnshang tōngguò zhíbō xiàng fěnsī zhǎnshì xīn chǎnpǐn. This streamer showcases new products to fans every evening through live broadcasts. 该体育赛事将在多个平台上进行全程直播。 Gāi tǐyù...
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) — Climate change
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) 气候变化 refers to significant, long-term changes in global or regional climate patterns, particularly those driven by human activity and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Meanings [noun phrase] climate change; climate variation Example Sentences 气候变化已经成为全球最紧迫的环境挑战之一。 Qìhòu biànhuà yǐjīng chéngwéi quánqiú zuì jǐnpò de huánjìng tiǎozhàn zhī yī. Climate change has become one of the most urgent environmental challenges in the world. 科学家警告说，气候变化将导致更频繁的极端天气事件。 Kēxuéjiā jǐnggào shuō,...
拿出去 (ná chūqu) — take out (away)
拿出去 (ná chūqu) 拿出去 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 拿 (to take / hold) is the base verb; 出去 (go out / exit, away from the speaker) shows that the object moves from inside to outside and away from the current location. Compare 拿出来 (take out here, toward the speaker). Structure 拿 (take / hold) + 出去 (directional complement: out and away) = take something out (away...
千 (qiān) — thousand
千 (qiān) The word for one thousand; it behaves just like 百, requiring 零 for internal gaps (一千零五 = 1,005). In prices and everyday speech, 千 is extremely common since many goods cost in the hundreds or thousands of yuan. Meanings [number] Thousand, one thousand. [adjective] Innumerable, vast (in idioms: 千万, ten million; also "by all means / absolutely"). Example Sentences 这台电脑要三千块钱。 Zhè tái diànnǎo yào sān qiān kuài qián....
仲裁 (zhòngcái) — arbitration
仲裁 (zhòngcái) 仲裁 refers to the process of resolving disputes outside of court through a neutral third party, whose decision is usually binding on the parties involved, commonly used in commercial, labor, and international disputes. Meanings [noun] arbitration (a method of dispute resolution using a neutral third party) [verb] to arbitrate; to settle a dispute through arbitration Example Sentences 两家公司因合同纠纷提交国际仲裁，最终由仲裁庭作出裁决。 Liǎng jiā gōngsī yīn hétong jiūfēn tíjiāo guójì zhòngcái, zuìzhōng...
简洁 (jiǎnjié) — concise; brief; succinct
简洁 (jiǎnjié) 简洁 means concise, brief, and clear, describing language, design, or style that is free of unnecessary elements. Meanings [adjective] concise; brief; succinct; clean and clear without unnecessary elements Example Sentences 他的演讲风格简洁有力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng fēnggé jiǎnjié yǒulì. His speaking style is concise and powerful. 好的设计应该简洁美观。 Hǎo de shèjì yīnggāi jiǎnjié měiguān. Good design should be concise and attractive. 请用简洁的语言表达你的想法。 Qǐng yòng jiǎnjié de yǔyán biǎodá nǐ de xiǎngfǎ....
提升 (tíshēng) — to improve; to upgrade; to promote
提升 (tíshēng) 提升 means to improve, upgrade, or promote, describing the act of raising something to a higher level, whether in quality, rank, or capability. Meanings [verb] to improve; to upgrade; to promote; to enhance; to elevate Example Sentences 他努力提升自己的工作能力。 Tā nǔlì tíshēng zìjǐ de gōngzuò nénglì. He works hard to improve his professional abilities. 公司决定提升她为部门经理。 Gōngsī juédìng tíshēng tā wéi bùmén jīnglǐ. The company decided to promote her to...
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) — sorry; I apologize
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) 对不起 means "sorry" or "I apologize." It is used for genuine apologies where you have caused trouble, made a mistake, or wronged someone. Meanings [phrase] Sorry; I apologize; excuse me for what I did wrong (sincere apology). Example Sentences 对不起，我来晚了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le. Sorry, I am late. 对不起，这是我的错。 Duìbuqǐ, zhè shì wǒ de cuò. Sorry, this is my fault. A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B:...
记者 (jìzhě) — journalist / reporter
记者 (jìzhě) 记者 refers to a journalist or reporter who gathers and writes news for media outlets. Meanings [noun] journalist; reporter; news correspondent Example Sentences 这位记者报道了很多重要新闻。 Zhè wèi jìzhě bàodào le hěn duō zhòngyào xīnwén. This journalist has reported many important news stories. 记者在现场采访了事故目击者。 Jìzhě zài xiànchǎng cǎifǎng le shìgù mùjīzhě. The reporter interviewed eyewitnesses at the scene of the accident. 她从大学毕业后就成为了一名记者。 Tā cóng dàxué bìyè hòu jiù chéngwéi le...
依据 (yījù) — basis; according to; based on
依据 (yījù) 依据 means the basis, grounds, or evidence on which something is based, and as a preposition it means "according to" or "based on," commonly used in legal, academic, and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] basis; grounds; evidence; justification (the foundation or reason for something) [preposition] according to; based on; in accordance with Example Sentences 法院依据现有证据作出了有罪判决，被告对此提出了上诉。 Fǎyuàn yījù xiànyǒu zhèngjù zuòchūle yǒuzuì pànjué, bèigào duì cǐ tíchūle shàngsù. The court...
宣传 (xuānchuán) — to publicize; to promote; propaganda
宣传 (xuānchuán) To publicize or promote means to spread information about something in order to persuade people to support it, whether in commercial, political, or public service contexts. Meanings [verb] to publicize; to promote; to spread awareness; to propagandize [noun] publicity; promotion; propaganda; public information campaign Example Sentences 政府开展了大规模的环保宣传活动。 Zhèngfǔ kāizhǎnle dàguīmó de huánbǎo xuānchuán huódòng. The government launched a large-scale environmental protection publicity campaign. 这家公司在社交媒体上大力宣传新产品。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài...
宣传 (xuānchuán) — Publicize
宣传 (xuānchuán) 宣传 means to spread information widely to promote ideas, products, or policies, ranging from publicity and marketing to propaganda. Meanings [verb] to publicize; to promote; to spread (information or ideas) [noun] publicity; promotion; propaganda Example Sentences 公司花了大量资金宣传新产品。 Gōngsī huāle dàliàng zījīn xuānchuán xīn chǎnpǐn. The company spent a lot of money publicizing new products. 政府通过媒体宣传环保意识。 Zhèngfǔ tōngguò méitǐ xuānchuán huánbǎo yìshí. The government promoted environmental awareness through the...
急救 (jíjiù) — first aid; emergency rescue
急救 (jíjiù) 急救 refers to immediate emergency medical treatment given to a person who is injured or suddenly ill before professional help arrives, as well as the broader practice of emergency rescue. Meanings [noun] first aid; emergency rescue; emergency treatment [verb] to give first aid; to perform emergency rescue Example Sentences 每个人都应该掌握基本的急救知识，以便在紧急情况下能及时帮助他人。 Měi gè rén dōu yīnggāi zhǎngwò jīběn de jíjiù zhīshì, yǐbiàn zài jǐnjí qíngkuàng xià néng jíshí bāngzhù...
影响力 (yǐngxiǎnglì) — influence; clout
影响力 (yǐngxiǎnglì) 影响力 refers to the power or capacity of a person, organization, or idea to affect others, often in a positive or important way. Meanings [noun] influence; clout; power to affect others Example Sentences 这位科学家在国际上有很大的影响力。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā zài guójì shàng yǒu hěn dà de yǐngxiǎnglì. This scientist has great influence internationally. 社交媒体增强了普通人的影响力。 Shèjiāo méitǐ zēngqiángle pǔtōng rén de yǐngxiǎnglì. Social media has enhanced the influence of ordinary people....
客人 (kèrén) — guest
客人 (kèrén) 客人 means guest or visitor. It refers to anyone who comes to your home as an invited visitor or a customer arriving at a business. Chinese culture places great importance on hospitality toward 客人. Meanings [noun] Guest; visitor; customer. Example Sentences 我们家今天有客人来。 Wǒmen jiā jīntiān yǒu kèrén lái. We have guests coming to our home today. 要好好招待客人。 Yào hǎohǎo zhāodài kèrén. We should take good care of our...
邮局 (yóujú) — post office
邮局 (yóujú) 邮局 is the post office, the place where you send letters, mail packages, and access postal services. 邮 relates to mail and postal matters, while 局 refers to a bureau or office. The word is used for both the institution and the physical building. Meanings [noun] Post office; postal office. Example Sentences 我需要去邮局寄一封信。 Wǒ xūyào qù yóujú jì yī fēng xìn. I need to go to the post...
桌子 (zhuōzi) — table
桌子 (zhuōzi) A noun meaning table or desk. The 子 (zi) suffix is a common neutral-tone suffix added to many household nouns. 桌子 can refer to a dining table, a desk, or any flat-surface table. Meanings [noun] Table, desk. Example Sentences 书放在桌子上。 Shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mùtou zuò de. This table is made of wood. 请把桌子擦干净。 Qǐng bǎ...
来 (lái) — to come
来 (lái) 来 means "to come," indicating movement toward the speaker or toward the place the speaker considers the reference point. It is the opposite of 去 (qù). Use 来 when someone is moving in your direction; use 去 when someone is moving away from you toward another place. Meanings [verb] To come (movement toward the speaker). Example Sentences 你什么时候来我家？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái wǒ jiā? When are you coming...
语法 (yǔfǎ) — grammar
语法 (yǔfǎ) 语法 refers to the system of grammar rules that govern how words are arranged and used in a language. Meanings [noun] grammar; the rules of a language Example Sentences 学中文的语法对外国人来说比较难。 Xué Zhōngwén de yǔfǎ duì wàiguórén lái shuō bǐjiào nán. Learning Chinese grammar is relatively difficult for foreigners. 你的语法很好，说话很自然。 Nǐ de yǔfǎ hěn hǎo, shuōhuà hěn zìrán. Your grammar is very good and your speech sounds very natural....
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence; influence; impact
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) 影响 describes the effect that one thing has on another, whether positive, negative, or neutral, and functions as both a verb and a noun. Meanings [verb] To influence, to affect, to have an impact on. [noun] Influence, impact, effect. Example Sentences 气候变化正在深刻影响全球的农业生产格局和粮食安全。 Qìhòu biànhuà zhèngzài shēnkè yǐngxiǎng quánqiú de nóngyè shēngchǎn géjú hé liángshí ānquán. Climate change is profoundly affecting global agricultural production patterns and food security. 她从小受到父母的影响，对文学和艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。...
你 (nǐ) — you
你 (nǐ) The everyday second-person singular pronoun used with friends, family, peers, and strangers of similar status; 您 (nín) is the formal equivalent. Meanings [pronoun] You (subject, informal singular). [pronoun] You (object, informal singular). [pronoun] Your (before 的: 你的). Example Sentences 你好！ Nǐ hǎo! Hello! (Lit. You [are] good.) 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我喜欢你。 Wǒ xǐhuan nǐ. I like you. 你的朋友很有趣。 Nǐ de péngyou hěn...
差 (chā / chà) — difference / poor
差 (chā / chà) 差 has two important readings at this level. As chā it is a noun meaning difference or gap (as in 差距, gap, or 差别, difference). As chà it is an adjective meaning poor quality, not good enough, or lacking. Context and collocations determine which reading to use. Meanings [noun, chā] Difference; gap; discrepancy. [adjective, chà] Poor; bad; not up to standard; lacking. Example Sentences 两个数之间的差是多少？ Liǎng...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence; influence; impact
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) Influence or impact refers to the effect that one person, thing, or event has on another, shaping its development, behavior, or outcome. Meanings [verb] to influence; to affect; to have an impact on [noun] influence; impact; effect Example Sentences 气候变化正在深刻影响全球的生态系统。 Qìhòu biànhuà zhèngzài shēnkè yǐngxiǎng quánqiú de shēngtài xìtǒng. Climate change is profoundly affecting global ecosystems. 父母的言行举止对孩子有着深远的影响。 Fùmǔ de yán xíng jǔzhǐ duì háizi yǒuzhe shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng....
会议 (huìyì) — meeting; conference; session
会议 (huìyì) 会议 refers to a formal meeting, conference, or session where people gather to discuss issues and make decisions. Meanings [noun] a meeting, conference, or formal session for discussion Example Sentences 公司每周都会召开一次会议。 Gōngsī měi zhōu dōu huì zhàokāi yī cì huìyì. The company holds a meeting every week. 这次国际会议吸引了来自各国的专家。 Zhè cì guójì huìyì xīyǐn le láizì gè guó de zhuānjiā. This international conference attracted experts from various countries. 会议室已经为明天的会议做好了准备。...
权衡 (quánhéng) — to weigh, to balance
权衡 (quánhéng) 权衡 means to weigh or balance competing options, interests, or factors carefully before making a decision. It comes from the image of a balance scale (权 is a unit of weight, 衡 is the beam of a scale), and implies careful, rational deliberation. It is used in decision-making contexts ranging from personal choices to policy analysis. Meanings [v] to weigh; to balance; to carefully consider multiple factors [v]...
容纳 (róngnà) — to hold; to accommodate; to contain
容纳 (róngnà) 容纳 describes the capacity to hold or accommodate a certain number of people or a certain volume, used for physical spaces or metaphorically for acceptance. Meanings [verb] To hold; to accommodate; to contain (to have the capacity for a number of people or things). Example Sentences 这个体育馆能容纳五万名观众。 Zhège tǐyùguǎn néng róngnà wǔ wàn míng guānzhòng. This stadium can accommodate fifty thousand spectators. 新建的图书馆可以容纳更多的书籍。 Xīn jiàn de túshūguǎn kěyǐ...
结婚 (jiéhūn) — to marry; to get married
结婚 (jiéhūn) 结婚 means to get married and describes the act of two people formally becoming a married couple. Meanings [verb] to marry; to get married — to formally enter into the institution of marriage Example Sentences 他们去年结婚了。 Tāmen qùnián jiéhūn le. They got married last year. 你打算什么时候结婚？ Nǐ dǎsuàn shénme shíhou jiéhūn? When do you plan to get married? 结婚是人生中的大事。 Jiéhūn shì rénshēng zhōng de dàshì. Getting married is...
贵 (guì) — expensive
贵 (guì) An adjective meaning "expensive" or "costly" when describing prices, and "precious" or "honorable" in more formal contexts. In daily shopping conversations, 贵 is one of the most practical adjectives to know. Its antonym is 便宜 (piányí), meaning "cheap." Meanings [adjective] Expensive, costly (in price). [adjective] Precious, valuable, honored (in formal use). Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu tài guì le. This piece of clothing is too expensive. 这家餐厅的菜很贵。...
写 (xiě) — to write
写 (xiě) 写 means to write, whether writing Chinese characters, a message, an essay, or any other text. It is distinct from 读 (dú, to read aloud) and 看 (kàn, to read silently). Meanings [verb] To write (characters, text, a letter, a composition). Example Sentences 请写下你的名字。 Qǐng xiě xià nǐ de míngzi. Please write down your name. 他每天练习写汉字。 Tā měitiān liànxí xiě Hànzì. He practices writing Chinese characters every day....
搜索引擎 (sōusuǒ yǐnqíng) — search engine
搜索引擎 (sōusuǒ yǐnqíng) 搜索引擎 means search engine, referring to internet services like Baidu (百度), Google, or Bing that index and retrieve web content. It is the standard term used in tech, education, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] search engine; an online service that searches and ranks web content based on queries Example Sentences 百度是中国最常用的搜索引擎。 Bǎidù shì Zhōngguó zuì chángyòng de sōusuǒ yǐnqíng. Baidu is the most commonly used search engine...
请 (qǐng) — please / to invite
请 (qǐng) A versatile word meaning "please" when used as a polite adverb before a verb, and "to invite" or "to treat someone to something" when used as a main verb. It is one of the most common politeness words in Mandarin. Meanings [adverb] Please (used to make a polite request). [verb] To invite someone; to treat someone to a meal or drink. Example Sentences 请坐，不要客气。 Qǐng zuò, bùyào kèqi....
先进 (xiānjìn) — advanced, progressive
先进 (xiānjìn) 先进 describes something that is at the forefront of development, ahead of current standards, and worthy of being learned from or emulated. Meanings [adjective] advanced, progressive, cutting-edge [noun] an advanced individual or model worker (used in socialist contexts to praise exemplary people) Example Sentences 我们应该积极学习和引进先进的技术。 Wǒmen yīnggāi jījí xuéxí hé yǐnjìn xiānjìn de jìshù. We should actively learn from and introduce advanced technology. 这家工厂采用了最先进的生产设备。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng cǎiyòng...
卖 (mài) — to sell
卖 (mài) 卖 means to sell. It is the opposite of 买 (mǎi, to buy). The two characters look alike. 卖 has an extra element on top of 买, representing the additional layer of "sending goods out" to a buyer. Meanings [verb] To sell, to offer for sale. Example Sentences 这家店卖很多种水果。 Zhè jiā diàn mài hěn duō zhǒng shuǐguǒ. This store sells many kinds of fruit. 他想卖掉他的旧车。 Tā xiǎng mài...
优化 (yōuhuà) — to optimize, to improve
优化 (yōuhuà) 优化 means to optimize or systematically improve something to achieve better performance, efficiency, or quality, and is widely used in technical, business, and policy contexts. Meanings [verb] to optimize, to improve systematically, to streamline [noun] optimization, improvement (of processes, structures, or performance) Example Sentences 工程师正在优化算法，以提高程序运行速度。 Gōngchéng shī zhèngzài yōuhuà suànfǎ, yǐ tígāo chéngxù yùnxíng sùdù. Engineers are optimizing algorithms to improve program execution speed. 政府计划优化营商环境，吸引更多外资。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà yōuhuà...
优势 (yōushì) — advantage; strength; edge
优势 (yōushì) 优势 refers to a quality, condition, or position that gives someone or something a superior edge over others. Meanings [noun] Advantage; strength; edge; upper hand; superiority. Example Sentences 这个产品的主要优势是价格低。 Zhège chǎnpǐn de zhǔyào yōushì shì jiàgé dī. The main advantage of this product is its low price. 他的语言优势帮助他找到了好工作。 Tā de yǔyán yōushì bāngzhù tā zhǎodào le hǎo gōngzuò. His language advantage helped him find a good job. 这家公司在技术方面具有很大优势。...
承认 (chéngrèn) — to admit; to acknowledge
承认 (chéngrèn) 承认 means to admit or acknowledge something, whether a fact, a mistake, or another person's status. Meanings [verb] to admit; to acknowledge; to recognize; to confess Example Sentences 他终于承认了自己的错误。 Tā zhōngyú chéngrèn le zìjǐ de cuòwù. He finally admitted his mistake. 你要勇敢地承认问题才能解决它。 Nǐ yào yǒnggǎn de chéngrèn wèntí cái néng jiějué tā. You must bravely acknowledge the problem before you can solve it. 这个国家正式承认了他们的政府。 Zhège guójiā zhèngshì chéngrèn...
课程 (kèchéng) — course; curriculum
课程 (kèchéng) 课程 refers to a structured course of study, a curriculum, or a program of classes, and is essential vocabulary for discussing education, training, and academic planning in Chinese. Meanings [noun] course; class; curriculum; program of study Example Sentences 这门课程每周上三次课。 Zhè mén kèchéng měi zhōu shàng sān cì kè. This course meets three times a week. 学校为学生提供了丰富多样的选修课程。 Xuéxiào wèi xuéshēng tígōng le fēngfù duōyàng de xuǎnxiū kèchéng. The school...
精炼 (jīngliàn) — to refine; concise
精炼 (jīngliàn) 精炼 means both to refine (as a process) and to be concise/refined (as a quality of expression). As a verb, it refers to refining materials to a high degree of purity. As an adjective, it describes language, writing, or thinking that is concise, precise, and free of unnecessary elements — the opposite of verbose. It is a valued quality in Chinese rhetoric and literary criticism. Meanings [v] to...
督促 (dūcù) — to urge; to supervise and push
督促 (dūcù) 督促 means to urge or prompt someone to fulfill a responsibility or complete a task, often with an element of supervision and follow-up. Meanings [verb] to urge; to supervise and push; to prompt someone to act Example Sentences 老师每天督促学生按时完成作业。 Lǎoshī měitiān dūcù xuéshēng ànshí wánchéng zuòyè. The teacher urges students every day to complete homework on time. 家长应该督促孩子养成良好的学习习惯。 Jiāzhǎng yīnggāi dūcù háizi yǎngchéng liánghǎo de xuéxí xíguàn. Parents...
记住 (jì zhù) — to remember / memorize
记住 (jì zhù) 记住 is a verb meaning to remember or memorize something firmly. The complement 住 indicates that the result of the action 记 (to record/remember) is secured — the information is fixed in memory and will not slip away. Meanings [verb] To remember; to keep in mind; to memorize successfully. [verb] To make sure to remember; to bear in mind (often used as an instruction). Example Sentences 你一定要记住这个单词。...
锻炼 (duànliàn) — to exercise; to train
锻炼 (duànliàn) 锻炼 means to exercise or train, whether for physical fitness or to develop a skill or quality. Meanings [verb] to exercise; to work out; to train; to toughen Example Sentences 他每天早上去公园锻炼身体。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang qù gōngyuán duànliàn shēntǐ. He goes to the park to exercise every morning. 锻炼对身体健康非常重要。 Duànliàn duì shēntǐ jiànkāng fēicháng zhòngyào. Exercise is very important for physical health. 这次实习让我锻炼了很多能力。 Zhè cì shíxí ràng wǒ duànliàn...
联系 (liánxì) — to contact / connection
联系 (liánxì) 联系 means both to contact someone (verb) and a connection or link between things (noun). It is one of the most versatile words for describing communication and relationships. Meanings [verb] To contact; to get in touch with; to reach out to. [noun] Connection; link; relationship; contact. Example Sentences 请你联系我们的客服部门。 Qǐng nǐ liánxì wǒmen de kèfú bùmén. Please contact our customer service department. 我们保持联系吧。 Wǒmen bǎochí liánxì ba. Let's...
鼓励 (gǔlì) — to encourage; encouragement
鼓励 (gǔlì) 鼓励 means to give someone the confidence and motivation to do something or to keep trying. Meanings [verb/noun] to encourage; to inspire; encouragement; moral support Example Sentences 老师一直鼓励我们努力学习。 Lǎoshī yīzhí gǔlì wǒmen nǔlì xuéxí. The teacher has always encouraged us to study hard. 他的话给了我很大的鼓励。 Tā de huà gěi le wǒ hěndà de gǔlì. His words gave me great encouragement. 在困难时，朋友的鼓励非常重要。 Zài kùnnán shí, péngyou de gǔlì fēicháng zhòngyào....
协商 (xiéshāng) — to negotiate, to consult
协商 (xiéshāng) 协商 refers to the process of discussing matters together to reach a mutually acceptable agreement or decision, emphasizing cooperation and consensus-building. Meanings [verb] to negotiate, to consult, to discuss toward agreement [noun] negotiation, consultation, deliberation Example Sentences 双方经过多轮协商，终于就合同条款达成了一致。 Shuāngfāng jīngguò duō lún xiéshāng, zhōngyú jiù hétong tiáokuǎn dáchéng le yīzhì. After multiple rounds of negotiation, the two parties finally reached agreement on the contract terms. 劳资双方将通过协商解决薪酬调整的争议。 Láozī shuāngfāng...
体现 (tǐxiàn) — to embody; to reflect
体现 (tǐxiàn) 体现 means to give concrete expression to an abstract quality or principle, or to embody a value in tangible form, and is one of the most frequently used words in formal Chinese analysis and commentary. Meanings [verb] to embody; to reflect; to give expression to; to manifest [noun] an embodiment; a concrete manifestation Example Sentences 这首诗充分体现了作者对故乡的深厚情感。 Zhè shǒu shī chōngfèn tǐxiànle zuòzhě duì gùxiāng de shēnhòu qínggǎn. This...
经历 (jīnglì) — experience; to experience
经历 (jīnglì) 经历 means both the lived experiences one accumulates and the act of going through an event or period, functioning as a noun and a verb. Meanings [noun] Experience; personal history (events one has gone through). [verb] To experience; to go through; to live through. Example Sentences 这次旅行是我一生中最难忘的经历。 Zhè cì lǚxíng shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì nánwàng de jīnglì. This trip is the most unforgettable experience of my life....
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) — egg
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) A chicken egg. 鸡 means "chicken" and 蛋 means "egg." While 蛋 alone can mean any egg, 鸡蛋 specifically refers to hen's eggs, which are the most common in Chinese cooking. Meanings [noun] Chicken egg. The egg laid by a hen, used widely in Chinese cooking. Example Sentences 我每天早上吃一个鸡蛋。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang chī yī gè jīdàn. I eat one egg every morning. 冰箱里有鸡蛋吗？ Bīngxiāng lǐ yǒu jīdàn ma?...
过程 (guòchéng) — process; course; procedure
过程 (guòchéng) 过程 means "process," "course," or "procedure" and refers to a series of steps or stages through which something develops or is accomplished. Meanings [noun] process; course; procedure; progress Example Sentences 学习语言是一个漫长的过程。 Xuéxí yǔyán shì yīgè màncháng de guòchéng. Learning a language is a long process. 在这个过程中，我们遇到了很多困难。 Zài zhège guòchéng zhōng, wǒmen yùdào le hěn duō kùnnán. During this process, we encountered many difficulties. 生产过程必须严格控制质量。 Shēngchǎn guòchéng bìxū yángé...
是…的 (shì...de) — emphasis construction
是…的 (shì...de) 是…的 is an emphasis construction used when the action itself is already known or assumed, and the speaker wants to highlight a specific detail about it: when it happened, where, how, or by whom. 是 can often be omitted in speech, but 的 at the end is required. Structure Subject + 是 + [Emphasized Element] + Verb (+ Object) + 的 The emphasized element (time, place, manner, agent)...
再 (zài) — again (future)
再 (zài) 再 is an adverb meaning "again" with a future-oriented sense. It refers to doing something one more time, either as a plan, request, or possibility. Meanings [adverb] Again, once more (referring to a future or hypothetical repetition). [adverb] Then, and then (connecting sequential future actions). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it one more time. 我明天再来。 Wǒ míngtiān zài lái. I will come again...
维生素 (wéishēngsù) — vitamin
维生素 (wéishēngsù) 维生素 is the Chinese word for vitamins, the essential nutrients found in food that the body requires for proper function. It is commonly used when discussing health, diet, and supplements. Meanings [noun] vitamin; essential organic nutrients required by the body in small quantities Example Sentences 橙子里含有丰富的维生素C。 Chéngzi lǐ hányǒu fēngfù de wéishēngsù C. Oranges contain abundant vitamin C. 如果你不经常晒太阳，可能需要补充维生素D。 Rúguǒ nǐ bù jīngcháng shài tàiyáng, kěnéng xūyào bǔchōng...
采访 (cǎifǎng) — to interview; interview (journalism)
采访 (cǎifǎng) 采访 refers to the journalistic activity of interviewing people or gathering news, and can function both as a verb (to interview/report on) and a noun (an interview or news coverage), making it essential for media and journalism vocabulary. Meanings [verb] to interview; to cover (a news story); to report on [noun] an interview; news coverage; a journalistic visit Example Sentences 记者在赛后采访了获胜球队的主教练。 Jìzhě zài sài hòu cǎifǎngle huòshèng qiúduì...
送 (sòng) — to give / send / see off
送 (sòng) 送 covers three related actions: giving something as a gift, delivering or sending something, and accompanying someone to the door or to their destination. Meanings [verb] To give as a gift; to present. [verb] To deliver; to send. [verb] To see someone off; to accompany to the door or station. Example Sentences 我送你一本书作为礼物。 Wǒ sòng nǐ yī běn shū zuòwéi lǐwù. I'll give you a book as a...
营养 (yíngyǎng) — nutrition, nourishment
营养 (yíngyǎng) 营养 refers to the nutrients a body needs and the concept of eating well for health. It is widely used in discussions about food, diet, and healthy living. Meanings [noun] nutrition; nourishment; the nutritional value of food Example Sentences 这道菜营养很丰富，对身体很好。 Zhè dào cài yíngyǎng hěn fēngfù, duì shēntǐ hěn hǎo. This dish is very nutritious and good for the body. 孩子在成长期需要充足的营养。 Háizi zài chéngzhǎng qī xūyào chōngzú de...
缩小 (suōxiǎo) — to narrow; to reduce; to shrink
缩小 (suōxiǎo) 缩小 means "to narrow," "to reduce," or "to shrink" and describes making something smaller in size, scope, or difference. Meanings [verb] to reduce in size; to shrink; to make smaller [verb] to narrow (a gap, difference, or range) Example Sentences 请把这张图片缩小一点。 Qǐng bǎ zhè zhāng túpiàn suōxiǎo yīdiǎn. Please reduce this image a little. 两国之间的差距正在缩小。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de chājù zhèngzài suōxiǎo. The gap between the two countries...
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person), to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 expresses familiarity with a person or the ability to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào), which means "to know a fact." 认识 implies direct personal acquaintance or perceptual recognition. Meanings [verb] To know (a person); to be acquainted with. [verb] To recognize; to identify (a character, face, or object). Example Sentences 你认识那个人吗？ Nǐ rènshi nàge rén ma? Do you know that person? 我们是在大学认识的。 Wǒmen shì zài...
营养 (yíngyǎng) — nutrition; nourishment
营养 (yíngyǎng) 营养 refers to the substances in food that sustain life and promote growth and health. As a noun it means nutrition or nourishment; as an adjective it means nutritious or nutritional. Meanings [noun] nutrition; nourishment; nutrients [adjective] nutritious; nutritional Example Sentences 均衡饮食是保证身体获得充足营养的最基本方法。 Jūnhéng yǐnshí shì bǎozhèng shēntǐ huòdé chōngzú yíngyǎng de zuì jīběn fāngfǎ. A balanced diet is the most fundamental way to ensure the body receives adequate...
出 (chū) — to exit / to go out
出 (chū) A directional verb meaning "to exit" or "to go out" of a place. It describes movement from inside to outside. Its antonym is 进 (jìn), meaning "to enter" or "to go in." Meanings [verb] To exit, to go out, to come out, to leave (a place). Example Sentences 他出去买东西了。 Tā chūqù mǎi dōngxi le. He went out to buy things. 请从这个门出去。 Qǐng cóng zhège mén chūqù. Please exit...
缩小 (suōxiǎo) — to reduce, to narrow, to shrink
缩小 (suōxiǎo) 缩小 means to reduce, narrow, or shrink the size, scope, or gap of something, and functions as the antonym of 扩大. It can be used both for physical dimensions and abstract concepts like differences or inequalities. Meanings [verb] to reduce, to narrow, to shrink, to diminish (size, gap, scope) [verb] to scale down, to miniaturize Example Sentences 政府出台政策，努力缩小城乡发展差距。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái zhèngcè, nǔlì suōxiǎo chéng xiāng fāzhǎn chājù. The...
期待 (qīdài) — to expect, to look forward to; expectation
期待 (qīdài) To look forward to something hoped-for with positive anticipation -- warmer and more emotionally charged than neutral 期望 or 预期. Meanings [verb] to look forward to, to eagerly anticipate, to expect with hope [noun] expectation, anticipation, hope Example Sentences 孩子们都非常期待明天的春游活动。 Háizimen dōu fēicháng qīdài míngtiān de chūnyóu huódòng. The children are all very much looking forward to tomorrow's spring outing. 观众对这部续集电影抱有很高的期待。 Guānzhòng duì zhè bù xùjí diànyǐng bàoyǒu...
另外 (lìngwài) — in addition
另外 (lìngwài) 另外 means in addition or besides — it introduces a supplementary point or an additional item that is separate from what was just mentioned. It can also mean "another" or "other" as a determiner. Meanings [adverb] In addition; besides; furthermore; also. [adjective] Another; other; separate. Example Sentences 另外，我还想说一件事。 Lìngwài, wǒ hái xiǎng shuō yī jiàn shì. In addition, I'd also like to say one more thing. 这件衣服太贵，我找另外一件。 Zhè...
落后 (luòhòu) — to fall behind; backward
落后 (luòhòu) To fall behind in development, progress, or competition is the core sense of 落后, a word used widely in economic, educational, and social contexts. Meanings [verb] to fall behind; to lag behind [adjective] backward; underdeveloped; outdated Example Sentences 他在比赛中落后了五分钟。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng luòhòu le wǔ fēnzhōng. He fell five minutes behind in the race. 这个地区的经济发展相对落后。 Zhège dìqū de jīngjì fāzhǎn xiāngduì luòhòu. The economic development of this...
她们 (tāmen) — they, them (all female)
她们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun for an exclusively female group; it is spoken identically to 他们 (tāmen) and 它们 (tāmen) — the distinction only appears in writing. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, all-female group). [pronoun] Them (object, all-female group). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 她们的). Example Sentences 她们是我的同学。 Tāmen shì wǒ de tóngxué. They are my classmates. 我很喜欢她们。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuan tāmen. I like them very much. 她们的歌唱得很好听。 Tāmen de gē...
规则 (guīzé) — rule / regulation
规则 (guīzé) 规则 refers to a rule, regulation, or established norm that governs behavior or procedure. Meanings [noun] rule; regulation; norm; standard Example Sentences 每个游戏都有自己的规则。 Měi gè yóuxì dōu yǒu zìjǐ de guīzé. Every game has its own rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 Wǒmen bìxū zūnshǒu jiāotōng guīzé. We must obey traffic regulations. 违反规则会受到惩罚。 Wéifǎn guīzé huì shòudào chéngfá. Breaking the rules will result in punishment. 制定清晰的规则对团队非常重要。 Zhìdìng qīngxī de guīzé duì tuánduì...
报告 (bàogào) — report; to report
报告 (bàogào) 报告 means a report (noun) or to report (verb), referring to the formal presentation of information, findings, or updates to an audience or authority. Meanings [noun] a report; a presentation; a formal account [verb] to report; to present findings; to inform Example Sentences 他向经理提交了一份销售报告。 Tā xiàng jīnglǐ tíjiāole yī fèn xiāoshòu bàogào. He submitted a sales report to the manager. 她在会议上作了一个重要的工作报告。 Tā zài huìyì shàng zuòle yīgè zhòngyào...
消息 (xiāoxi) — news; information
消息 (xiāoxi) 消息 refers to a piece of news or information, often about something that has just happened or been learned. Meanings [noun] news; information; message; word (about something) Example Sentences 你听说了吗？有个好消息！ Nǐ tīngshuō le ma? Yǒu gè hǎo xiāoxi! Did you hear? There is good news! 这条消息传得很快，大家都知道了。 Zhè tiáo xiāoxi chuán de hěn kuài, dàjiā dōu zhīdào le. This piece of news spread very quickly and everyone knows now....
男 (nán) — male, man
男 (nán) 男 means male or man. It is used as an adjective before nouns (男生, 男朋友) or as a noun referring to a male person. Its opposite is 女 (nǚ), female. Meanings [adjective] Male. [noun] A man, a boy. Example Sentences 他是一个男生。 Tā shì yīgè nánshēng. He is a male student / a boy. 男厕所在右边。 Nán cèsuǒ zài yòubiān. The men's restroom is on the right. 她有一个男朋友。 Tā yǒu...
否认 (fǒurèn) — to deny; to negate
否认 (fǒurèn) 否认 means to deny or refuse to acknowledge something, asserting that a claim or accusation is not true. Meanings [verb] to deny, negate, or refuse to acknowledge a fact or accusation Example Sentences 他否认了所有的指控。 Tā fǒurèn le suǒyǒu de zhǐkòng. He denied all the accusations. 你不能否认这件事情的重要性。 Nǐ bù néng fǒurèn zhè jiàn shìqing de zhòngyào xìng. You cannot deny the importance of this matter. 她否认自己曾经说过那句话。 Tā fǒurèn zìjǐ...
既然 (jìrán) — since
既然 (jìrán) 既然 means "since" or "now that" — it accepts an established fact or situation as a premise, then draws a logical or practical conclusion. It is paired with 就 (jiù) or 那就 (nà jiù) in the second clause. Meanings [conjunction] Since; now that; given that; seeing that (accepting a fact as a premise). Example Sentences 既然来了，就多待几天吧。 Jìrán lái le, jiù duō dāi jǐ tiān ba. Since you're already...
认可 (rènkě) — to approve; to recognize; approval
认可 (rènkě) 认可 means to officially or personally approve, recognize, or endorse something or someone, and can also function as a noun meaning "approval" or "recognition." Meanings [verb] To approve; to recognize; to endorse (to give acceptance to something or someone). [noun] Approval; recognition; endorsement. Example Sentences 他的努力终于得到了老师的认可。 Tā de nǔlì zhōngyú dédào le lǎoshī de rènkě. His hard work finally received the teacher's recognition. 这项设计方案已经通过了专家的认可。 Zhè xiàng shèjì fāng'àn...
听懂 (tīngdǒng) — to understand by hearing
听懂 (tīngdǒng) 听懂 is a resultative verb compound: 听 (to listen/hear) plus the result complement 懂 (to understand). It means to successfully understand what one hears. The negative 听不懂 means "cannot understand" what is said. Meanings [verb] To understand by hearing; to catch and comprehend what is said. Example Sentences 你听懂我说的话了吗？ Nǐ tīngdǒng wǒ shuō de huà le ma? Did you understand what I said? 他说话太快，我听不懂。 Tā shuōhuà tài kuài,...
活动 (huódòng) — activity; event
活动 (huódòng) 活动 refers to an organized activity or event, and as a verb it means to move around or exercise. Meanings [noun] activity; event; exercise [verb] to move about; to exercise; to do physical activity Example Sentences 学校今天下午有一个活动。 Xuéxiào jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu yī gè huódòng. The school has an event this afternoon. 多做户外活动对身体有好处。 Duō zuò hùwài huódòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochù. Doing more outdoor activities is good for your...
留 (liú) — to stay / to leave behind
留 (liú) 留 has two closely related core meanings: to stay or remain in a place, and to leave something behind or keep something. Context determines which sense is intended. Meanings [verb] To stay; to remain; to linger. [verb] To leave behind; to keep; to retain. [verb] To leave (a message, note, or trace). Example Sentences 请留下来吃饭吧。 Qǐng liú xialai chīfàn ba. Please stay and have dinner. 她给我留了一张纸条。 Tā gěi...
左边 (zuǒbiān) — left side; to the left
左边 (zuǒbiān) 左边 is a direction noun meaning "the left side." To say something is located to the left, use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 左边. When giving turn directions, use 向左 (turn left) or 往左走 (walk to the left) rather than 左边. Meanings [n] Left side; the left — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the left — used with 在 to place...
反对 (fǎnduì) — to oppose
反对 (fǎnduì) 反对 means to oppose, object to, or be against something. It is the direct opposite of 同意 (to agree). It is used for disagreement with plans, ideas, decisions, or opinions. Meanings [verb] To oppose; to object to; to be against. Example Sentences 我反对这个计划。 Wǒ fǎnduì zhège jìhuà. I oppose this plan. 她的父母反对她出国留学。 Tā de fùmǔ fǎnduì tā chū guó liúxué. Her parents oppose her studying abroad. 你有没有人反对？ Nǐ...
后来 (hòulái) — later, afterwards
后来 (hòulái) 后来 means "later" or "afterwards" within a narrative sequence. It refers to what happened next in a story already being told. Key contrast: 以后 (yǐhòu) follows a specific time reference ("after 5 o'clock / after graduation"), while 后来 stands alone and advances the storyline. Meanings [adverb] Later, afterwards (continuing a narrative). Example Sentences 我们先吃饭，后来去看电影。 Wǒmen xiān chīfàn, hòulái qù kàn diànyǐng. We ate first, and later went to...
推动 (tuīdòng) — to drive; to promote; to advance
推动 (tuīdòng) 推动 means to push something forward or drive it ahead, used metaphorically to describe forces, policies, people, or events that cause progress, development, or change to occur. Meanings [verb] to drive forward; to promote; to advance; to push ahead; to give impetus to Example Sentences 技术创新是推动经济增长和社会进步的核心动力。 Jìshù chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì zēngzhǎng hé shèhuì jìnbù de héxīn dònglì. Technological innovation is the core driving force behind economic growth...
宪法 (xiànfǎ) — constitution
宪法 (xiànfǎ) A constitution is the fundamental law of a nation that establishes the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles that all other laws must follow. Meanings [noun] constitution; the fundamental/supreme law of a state Example Sentences 宪法是国家的根本大法，具有最高法律效力。 Xiànfǎ shì guójiā de gēnběn dàfǎ, jùyǒu zuìgāo fǎlǜ xiàolì. The constitution is the fundamental law of the country and has the highest legal authority. 所有公民的基本权利都受宪法的保护。 Suǒyǒu gōngmín...
推动 (tuīdòng) — to push forward; to promote; to drive
推动 (tuīdòng) 推动 means to cause something to advance, develop, or progress, either physically or figuratively, equivalent to "to push forward," "to promote," or "to drive." Meanings [verb] To push forward; to promote; to drive; to propel (to cause advancement or development). Example Sentences 科技的发展推动了社会的进步。 Kējì de fāzhǎn tuīdòng le shèhuì de jìnbù. The development of technology has driven social progress. 政府出台了新政策来推动经济发展。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn zhèngcè lái tuīdòng jīngjì...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel; to think
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling, opinion, or impression about something, equivalent to "feel that" or "think that" in English. Meanings [verb] to feel (that); to think (that); to find something to be a certain way Example Sentences 我觉得这道题太难了。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào tí tài nán le. I think this question is too difficult. 你觉得这家餐厅怎么样？ Nǐ juéde zhè jiā cāntīng zěnmeyàng? What do you think of this restaurant? 她觉得有点累，想休息一下。...
关 (guān) — to close / to turn off
关 (guān) A verb meaning "to close," "to shut," or "to turn off." It is the action that stops or seals something that was previously open or active. Its antonym is 开 (kāi), meaning "to open" or "to turn on." Meanings [verb] To close, to shut (a door, window). [verb] To turn off (a light, TV, computer). Example Sentences 请关门，外面很冷。 Qǐng guān mén, wàimiàn hěn lěng. Please close the door,...
更加 (gèngjiā) — even more; still more; all the more
更加 (gèngjiā) 更加 is an adverb meaning "even more" or "all the more," used when a quality increases beyond a level that has already been established or mentioned. Meanings [adverb] even more; still more; all the more (used to indicate that a degree becomes higher or stronger than a previously mentioned or implied level) Usage Note 更加 is placed before an adjective or verb. It requires a context or contrast...
精湛 (jīngzhàn) — superb; masterly
精湛 (jīngzhàn) 精湛 describes a skill, technique, or craft that has reached a very high or masterful level. It is an elevated adjective used to praise professional excellence, especially in craftsmanship, performing arts, or technical work. Meanings [adjective] superb; masterly; consummate; exquisite (of a skill or craft) Example Sentences 这位木雕艺人以精湛的技艺闻名于整个地区。 Zhè wèi mùdiāo yìrén yǐ jīngzhàn de jìyì wénmíng yú zhěnggè dìqū. This wood-carving artisan is famous throughout the region...
特别 (tèbié) — special / especially
特别 (tèbié) 特别 functions as both an adjective meaning special or particular, and an adverb meaning especially or particularly. It emphasizes something that stands out from the ordinary. Meanings [adjective] Special; particular; unusual; extraordinary. [adverb] Especially; particularly; very much. Example Sentences 今天的晚会非常特别。 Jīntiān de wǎnhuì fēicháng tèbié. Tonight's party is very special. 她特别喜欢吃辣的食物。 Tā tèbié xǐhuan chī là de shíwù. She especially likes eating spicy food. 这件事有什么特别的地方吗？ Zhè jiàn shì...
胳膊 (gēbo) — arm
胳膊 (gēbo) 胳膊 means arm. It refers to the full arm from shoulder to wrist. Note the pronunciation: in everyday speech 胳膊 is often pronounced gēbo with a neutral tone on the second syllable. Meanings [noun] Arm (from shoulder to wrist). Example Sentences 他的胳膊受伤了。 Tā de gēbo shòushāng le. His arm is injured. 请举起你的胳膊。 Qǐng jǔqǐ nǐ de gēbo. Please raise your arm. 她挽着他的胳膊走进了餐厅。 Tā wǎnzhe tā de gēbo zǒu...
通知 (tōngzhī) — notification; to notify
通知 (tōngzhī) 通知 functions as both a noun (notification, notice) and a verb (to notify, to inform). It is commonly used in workplace, school, and digital contexts to describe official or important communications. Meanings [noun] notification; a formal or official notice or announcement [verb] to notify; to inform someone officially Example Sentences 手机收到了一条新通知。 Shǒujī shōudào le yī tiáo xīn tōngzhī. The phone received a new notification. 请通知大家明天的会议推迟了。 Qǐng tōngzhī dàjiā...
首 (shǒu) — song; poem (measure word)
首 (shǒu) 首 is the measure word for songs (歌) and poems (诗). It counts each complete musical or poetic composition. While 首 literally means "head" (as in 首都 — capital city), as a measure word it is reserved for songs and poetry. Use 首 where English uses "a song" or "a poem." Meanings [mw] Song — counts individual songs as complete pieces. [mw] Poem — counts individual poems as...
彻底 (chèdǐ) — thorough; completely; thoroughly
彻底 (chèdǐ) Thorough or complete means going all the way through something without leaving any part unfinished, unexamined, or unchanged. Meanings [adjective] thorough; complete; radical; without reservation [adverb] thoroughly; completely; to the bottom; utterly Example Sentences 这次改革必须彻底，不能半途而废。 Zhè cì gǎigé bìxū chèdǐ, bù néng bàntú ér fèi. This reform must be thorough and cannot be left halfway done. 医生建议他彻底休息两周，不要工作。 Yīshēng jiànyì tā chèdǐ xiūxi liǎng zhōu, bùyào gōngzuò. The doctor...
仔细 (zǐxì) — Careful / attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 means to be careful, attentive, and thorough — paying close attention to details when doing something. Meanings [adjective] careful, meticulous, attentive [adverb] carefully, attentively (modifying a verb) Example Sentences 请仔细阅读说明书，再开始操作。 Qǐng zǐxì yuèdú shuōmíngshū, zài kāishǐ cāozuò. Please read the instructions carefully before starting to operate. 她是一个非常仔细的人，工作很少出错。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng zǐxì de rén, gōngzuò hěn shǎo chūcuò. She is a very careful person; she rarely makes...
假日 (jiàrì) — holiday / day off
假日 (jiàrì) A day that is designated as a holiday or a day free from work or school, either officially or personally. Meanings [noun] Holiday, day off, non-working day. [noun] Public holiday, festival day. Example Sentences 今天是假日，商店关门了。 Jīntiān shì jiàrì, shāngdiàn guānmén le. Today is a holiday; the stores are closed. 假日里我喜欢去爬山。 Jiàrì lǐ wǒ xǐhuān qù pá shān. On holidays, I like to go hiking. 春节是中国最重要的假日。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó...
遏制 (èzhì) — to contain; to curb; to suppress
遏制 (èzhì) 遏制 means to contain or suppress something harmful or undesirable, implying that the force or trend exists and must be actively held back, and is common in political, medical, and security contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to contain; to curb; to suppress; to check (a negative trend or force) Example Sentences 国际社会正在努力遏制核武器的扩散。 Guójì shèhuì zhèngzài nǔlì èzhì héwǔqì de kuòsàn. The international community is working hard to...
知识 (zhīshì) — knowledge
知识 (zhīshì) 知识 refers to the body of facts, principles, and understanding gained through experience or education, a fundamental concept in learning, science, and philosophy. Meanings [noun] knowledge; information; learning Example Sentences 掌握扎实的基础知识是进一步深造的前提。 Zhǎngwò zhāshi de jīchǔ zhīshì shì jìnyībù shēnzào de qiántí. Mastering solid foundational knowledge is a prerequisite for further advanced study. 互联网使人们获取知识的方式发生了根本性变化。 Hùliánwǎng shǐ rénmen huòqǔ zhīshì de fāngshì fāshēng le gēnběnxìng biànhuà. The internet has fundamentally...
帮 (bāng) — to help
帮 (bāng) A common verb meaning "to help" or "to assist." It is used when one person does something for another's benefit. The fuller form 帮助 (bāngzhù) is also common, but 帮 alone is standard in everyday speech. Meanings [verb] To help, to assist, to do something for someone. Example Sentences 你能帮我吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ma? Can you help me? 妈妈帮我做作业。 Māma bāng wǒ zuò zuòyè. Mom helps me...
知识 (zhīshi) — knowledge
知识 (zhīshi) 知识 refers to knowledge gained through study, experience, or education, encompassing facts, skills, and understanding. Meanings [noun] knowledge, learning, education Example Sentences 读书可以增长知识。 Dúshū kěyǐ zēngzhǎng zhīshi. Reading books can increase your knowledge. 他的专业知识非常丰富。 Tā de zhuānyè zhīshi fēicháng fēngfù. His professional knowledge is very extensive. 学生应该把课堂上的知识用于实践。 Xuéshēng yīnggāi bǎ kètáng shàng de zhīshi yòng yú shíjiàn. Students should apply the knowledge learned in class to practice. 缺乏必要的知识会让工作变得困难。...
长远 (chángyuǎn) — long-term; far-reaching
长远 (chángyuǎn) 长远 describes something that extends over a long time span or far into the future, and is widely used in planning, strategy, and policy contexts at B2 level to contrast immediate gains with durable, lasting goals. Meanings [adjective] long-term; long-range; far-reaching (of plans, interests, or benefits) Example Sentences 为了长远发展，公司决定加大对研发的投入。 Wèile chángyuǎn fāzhǎn, gōngsī juédìng jiādà duì yánfā de tóurù. For the sake of long-term development, the company decided...
舒服 (shūfu) — comfortable; at ease
舒服 (shūfu) 舒服 describes a feeling of physical or emotional comfort. It is commonly used for how the body feels (身体不舒服 — feeling unwell) or how an environment feels (这把椅子很舒服 — this chair is comfortable). The negative 不舒服 is one of the most useful phrases for expressing that you feel sick or unwell. Meanings [adj] Comfortable; at ease — physically relaxed and pleasant. [adj] Feeling well — the body is...
命题 (mìngtí) — proposition; to set a topic
命题 (mìngtí) 命题 has two related meanings: as a noun it means a proposition, thesis, or stated problem; as a verb it means to set the topic for an essay, exam, or debate. Meanings [noun] proposition; thesis; problem statement; stated topic [verb] to set a topic; to formulate a question; to propose a problem (for an exam or essay) Example Sentences 这道数学题的命题非常清晰。 Zhè dào shùxué tí de mìngtí fēicháng qīngxī....
优点 (yōudiǎn) — advantage / strong point / merit
优点 (yōudiǎn) Refers to a positive quality, strength, or merit of a person or object, as opposed to 缺点 (quēdiǎn, shortcoming). Meanings [noun] Advantage, strong point, merit. [noun] Virtue, positive quality (of a person). Example Sentences 这种方法的优点是简单易学。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ de yōudiǎn shì jiǎndān yì xué. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and easy to learn. 她的优点是认真负责。 Tā de yōudiǎn shì rènzhēn fùzé. Her strong point...
积累 (jīlěi) — to accumulate; to build up
积累 (jīlěi) 积累 means to gradually accumulate or build up something over time, such as experience, knowledge, or wealth. Meanings [verb] to accumulate; to build up; to gather gradually over time [noun] accumulation; something built up over time Example Sentences 多年的工作经验让他积累了丰富的知识。 Duō nián de gōngzuò jīngyàn ràng tā jīlěi le fēngfù de zhīshì. Years of work experience helped him accumulate rich knowledge. 财富需要长期积累，不能急于求成。 Cáifù xūyào chángqī jīlěi, bù néng jí...
菜单 (càidān) — menu
菜单 (càidān) 菜单 is the menu at a restaurant or eatery — the list of available dishes and their prices. It is an essential word for dining out in China. Meanings noun menu (a list of available dishes in a restaurant) Example Sentences 请给我一份菜单。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī fèn càidān. Please give me a menu. 这家餐厅的菜单上有很多素食选项。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de càidān shàng yǒu hěn duō sùshí xuǎnxiàng. This restaurant's menu...
空间 (kōngjiān) — space; room; area
空间 (kōngjiān) 空间 refers to space or room, either physical (as in a room or area) or conceptual (as in space for development or creativity). Meanings [noun] space; room; area; a three-dimensional extent or the conceptual room for something to exist or develop Example Sentences 这个房间的空间很大，住起来很舒适。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngjiān hěn dà, zhù qǐlái hěn shūshì. This room has a lot of space and is very comfortable to live in....
示范 (shìfàn) — to demonstrate; to set an example
示范 (shìfàn) 示范 means to demonstrate a skill or behavior as a model for others to observe and follow, widely used in education, policy, and professional training. Meanings [verb] to demonstrate; to set an example; to model [noun] demonstration; model example Example Sentences 体育老师亲自示范了正确的跳远姿势。 Tǐyù lǎoshī qīnzì shìfàn le zhèngquè de tiào yuǎn zīshì. The PE teacher personally demonstrated the correct long-jump posture. 这个试点城市将作为绿色发展的示范，供全国学习借鉴。 Zhège shìdiǎn chéngshì jiāng zuòwéi lǜsè...
核心 (héxīn) — core, nucleus
核心 (héxīn) 核心 refers to the central, most essential part or element of something, the nucleus around which everything else is organized or depends. Meanings [noun] core, nucleus, central element [adjective] core, central, key (as in 核心概念, core concept) Example Sentences 创新是推动经济发展的核心动力。 Chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì fāzhǎn de héxīn dònglì. Innovation is the core driving force behind economic development. 以人为本是这项政策的核心理念。 Yǐ rén wéi běn shì zhè xiàng zhèngcè de héxīn...
投资 (tóuzī) — to invest; investment
投资 (tóuzī) 投资 refers specifically to the act of committing money or capital to a project, business, or asset with the expectation of a financial return or benefit, and is the primary word for "investment" in economic and business contexts. Meanings [verb] to invest (money or capital into something) [noun] investment; capital investment Example Sentences 随着中国经济的持续增长，越来越多的外资企业选择在华投资兴业。 Suízhe Zhōngguó jīngjì de chíxù zēngzhǎng, yuè lái yuè duō de wài zī qǐyè...
排队 (páiduì) — to queue; to line up
排队 (páiduì) 排队 means to join or form an orderly line while waiting for something, and is a fundamental concept in Chinese public life. Meanings [verb] To queue, to line up, to stand in line, to wait in a queue. Example Sentences 节假日期间，热门景点的入口处往往需要排队等候数小时。 Jiéjiàrì qījiān, rèmén jǐngdiǎn de rùkǒu chù wǎngwǎng xūyào páiduì děnghòu shù xiǎoshí. During public holidays, popular tourist sites often require waiting in line for several hours...
调整 (tiáozhěng) — to adjust; adjustment
调整 (tiáozhěng) 调整 means to make adjustments or modifications to something in order to improve it or make it more appropriate, and is used across a wide range of contexts from personal habits to policy revision. Meanings [verb] to adjust; to modify; to revise; to fine-tune [noun] adjustment; modification; revision Example Sentences 公司根据市场变化对定价策略进行了调整。 Gōngsī gēnjù shìchǎng biànhuà duì dìngjià cèlüè jìnxíng le tiáozhěng. The company adjusted its pricing strategy based...
好的 (hǎo de) — okay; all right; sure
好的 (hǎo de) 好的 means "okay," "all right," or "sure." It is a warm, affirmative response used to confirm agreement, accept a request, or acknowledge information. Meanings [phrase] Okay; all right; sure; got it (affirmative acknowledgment or agreement). Example Sentences A: 明天八点见面，好吗？ B: 好的！ A: Míngtiān bā diǎn jiànmiàn, hǎo ma? B: Hǎo de! A: Let's meet at eight tomorrow, okay? B: Sure! A: 你能帮我一下吗？ B: 好的，没问题。 A: Nǐ néng...
认识 (rènshi) — to know / to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know or be acquainted with a person, or to recognize and understand something. Meanings [verb] to know (a person); to be acquainted with; to recognize [noun] understanding; cognition; knowledge Example Sentences 我认识他已经三年了。 Wǒ rènshi tā yǐjīng sān nián le. I have known him for three years already. 很高兴认识你！ Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ! Very pleased to meet you! 她对这个问题有深刻的认识。 Tā duì zhège wèntí yǒu shēnkè de...
电话 (diànhuà) — telephone / phone call
电话 (diànhuà) A noun meaning telephone or phone call. It combines 电 (electricity) and 话 (speech, words). In modern Chinese, 电话 most often refers to the act of calling or a phone call, rather than the physical device. For the device in your pocket, use 手机 (shǒujī). The phrase 打电话 (make a phone call) is extremely common. Meanings [noun] Telephone, phone (especially landline). [noun] Phone call. Example Sentences 我给他打了一个电话，但他没接。 Wǒ...
回答 (huídá) — to answer / to reply
回答 (huídá) A verb and noun meaning "to answer" or "an answer." 回 (huí) means "to return" and 答 (dá) means "to respond." Together they capture the idea of sending a response back. Its counterpart is 问 (wèn), meaning "to ask." Meanings [verb] To answer, to reply to (a question). [noun] An answer, a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí. Please answer my question. 他回答得很好。 Tā huídá...
期待 (qīdài) — to look forward to; to expect
期待 (qīdài) 期待 expresses the feeling of eagerly waiting and hoping for something to happen. Meanings [verb/noun] to look forward to; to expect with hope; eager anticipation Example Sentences 我非常期待这次旅行。 Wǒ fēicháng qīdài zhè cì lǚxíng. I am really looking forward to this trip. 大家都在期待他的新专辑。 Dàjiā dōu zài qīdài tā de xīn zhuānjí. Everyone is looking forward to his new album. 我期待着和你再次见面。 Wǒ qīdài zhe hé nǐ zàicì jiànmiàn. I...
频道 (píndào) — channel (TV/radio/online)
频道 (píndào) 频道 refers to a television or radio channel, or more broadly any online channel or platform where content is broadcast or published, making it essential vocabulary for media and digital communication. Meanings [noun] channel (TV, radio, or online platform) Example Sentences 她订阅了一个专门教授中文的YouTube频道，每天坚持学习。 Tā dìngyuèle yīgè zhuānmén jiàoshòu zhōngwén de YouTube píndào, měi tiān jiānchí xuéxí. She subscribed to a YouTube channel dedicated to teaching Chinese and learns from...
事故 (shìgù) — accident / incident
事故 (shìgù) Refers to an unintended, harmful incident, most commonly a traffic accident or workplace accident. Meanings [noun] Accident, incident (usually involving injury or damage). [noun] Mishap, unforeseen harmful event. Example Sentences 路上发生了一起交通事故。 Lù shàng fāshēng le yī qǐ jiāotōng shìgù. A traffic accident occurred on the road. 工厂里发生了安全事故。 Gōngchǎng lǐ fāshēng le ānquán shìgù. A safety accident occurred in the factory. 为了防止事故，我们要小心驾驶。 Wèile fángzhǐ shìgù, wǒmen yào xiǎoxīn jiàshǐ....
敏感 (mǐngǎn) — sensitive
敏感 (mǐngǎn) Describes something or someone that reacts strongly to stimuli, emotions, or social pressures -- or a topic that requires delicacy because it can easily cause offense or controversy. Meanings [adjective] sensitive (physically, emotionally, or socially/politically) Example Sentences 她皮肤很敏感，用普通化妆品容易过敏。 Tā pífū hěn mǐngǎn, yòng pǔtōng huàzhuāngpǐn róngyì guòmǐn. Her skin is very sensitive, and ordinary cosmetics easily cause allergic reactions. 记者被提醒不要触碰某些政治上的敏感话题。 Jìzhě bèi tíxǐng bùyào chùpèng mǒuxiē zhèngzhì shàng...
普遍 (pǔbiàn) — universal, widespread, common
普遍 (pǔbiàn) Describes something that exists or applies broadly across a population or in most situations -- universally true, common, or widespread as a state of affairs. Meanings [adjective] universal, widespread, common, general [adverb] generally, universally, widely Example Sentences 焦虑是现代社会中普遍存在的心理问题。 Jiāolǜ shì xiàndài shèhuì zhōng pǔbiàn cúnzài de xīnlǐ wèntí. Anxiety is a psychological problem that is universally present in modern society. 这种观点在年轻一代中非常普遍。 Zhè zhǒng guāndiǎn zài niánqīng yīdài zhōng...
另外 (lìngwài) — in addition; besides; additionally
另外 (lìngwài) 另外 is used to introduce additional information or a separate item, similar to "in addition," "besides," or "additionally" in English. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] in addition, besides, additionally, or another/separate one Example Sentences 我买了一本书，另外还买了一支笔。 Wǒ mǎi le yī běn shū, lìngwài hái mǎi le yī zhī bǐ. I bought a book and also bought a pen in addition. 另外，我还有一个问题想问你。 Lìngwài, wǒ hái yǒu yīgè wèntí xiǎng wèn nǐ. In addition,...
操场 (cāochǎng) — playground / sports ground
操场 (cāochǎng) 操场 refers to a playground, sports field, or schoolyard, typically an open outdoor area where students exercise, play sports, or do morning exercises. 操 relates to exercise or drill, and 场 means a field or open space. In Chinese schools, the 操场 is central to student life. Morning exercises (早操) are held there each day, and it is where students spend their breaks running, playing basketball, or doing...
促进 (cùjìn) — to promote; to advance
促进 (cùjìn) 促进 means to actively promote, advance, or facilitate something, implying that an agent is pushing a positive process forward, and is one of the most important formal verbs in Chinese official and academic language. Meanings [verb] to promote; to advance; to facilitate [verb] to further; to spur on; to accelerate a positive process Example Sentences 经济发展有助于促进社会的整体进步。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn yǒuzhù yú cùjìn shèhuì de zhěngtǐ jìnbù. Economic development helps...
普及 (pǔjí) — to popularize, widespread
普及 (pǔjí) To spread something broadly so that it becomes commonly accessible or known -- also describes the state of being widely available throughout a population. Meanings [verb] to popularize, to spread widely, to make universally accessible [adjective] widespread, universal, popular Example Sentences 智能手机的普及改变了人们的日常生活方式。 Zhìnéng shǒujī de pǔjí gǎibiànle rénmen de rìcháng shēnghuó fāngshì. The widespread adoption of smartphones has changed people's daily lifestyles. 政府正在努力普及九年义务教育。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài nǔlì pǔjí jiǔnián...
普遍 (pǔbiàn) — universal; widespread; common
普遍 (pǔbiàn) 普遍 describes something that is widespread, affecting or found among most people or places. Meanings [adjective] Universal; widespread; common; general. Example Sentences 这个问题很普遍。 Zhège wèntí hěn pǔbiàn. This problem is very common. 压力大是现代人普遍面临的挑战。 Yālì dà shì xiàndài rén pǔbiàn miànlín de tiǎozhàn. High stress is a challenge that modern people widely face. 这种做法已经普遍存在于各行各业。 Zhè zhǒng zuòfǎ yǐjīng pǔbiàn cúnzài yú gè háng gè yè. This practice already exists...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should, ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) A modal verb expressing what is expected, appropriate, or right to do — translating as "should" or "ought to." Key contrasts: 应该 = should (moral/practical expectation), 要 = need to / going to (intention or necessity), 必须 = must (strict obligation). Meanings [modal verb] Should, ought to (expressing expectation or moral/practical appropriateness). Example Sentences 你应该早点睡觉。 Nǐ yīnggāi zǎo diǎn shuìjiào. You should go to sleep earlier. 我们应该帮助有困难的人。 Wǒmen...
谢谢 (xièxiè) — thank you
谢谢 (xièxiè) 谢谢 means "thank you." It is the standard, all-purpose expression of gratitude in Mandarin and is used in virtually all social contexts. Meanings [phrase] Thank you; thanks (expressing gratitude for help, a gift, or a kind action). Example Sentences 谢谢你帮我。 Xièxiè nǐ bāng wǒ. Thank you for helping me. A: 给你。 B: 谢谢！ A: Gěi nǐ. B: Xièxiè! A: Here you go. B: Thank you! 非常感谢您的帮助。 Fēicháng gǎnxiè...
系统 (xìtǒng) — systematic; system
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 as an adjective means systematic — thorough, comprehensive, and organized according to a coherent structure. As a noun, it means a system — a set of interconnected parts functioning as a whole. At C1 level, the focus is on its adjectival use in academic and analytical contexts, as well as its role in compound nouns like 教育系统 (education system) and 系统分析 (systems analysis). Meanings [adj] systematic; comprehensive...
联系 (liánxì) — to contact; to get in touch; connection
联系 (liánxì) 联系 covers both the act of contacting someone and the abstract idea of a connection or relationship between things. Meanings [verb] To contact, to get in touch with, to reach out to. [noun] Contact, connection, link, relationship. Example Sentences 毕业后我们虽然各奔东西，但始终保持着密切的联系。 Bìyè hòu wǒmen suīrán gè bèn dōngxī, dàn shǐzhōng bǎochí zhe mìqiē de liánxì. After graduation we all went our separate ways, but we have always maintained close...
锻炼 (duànliàn) — to exercise; exercise
锻炼 (duànliàn) 锻炼 means physical exercise or training. It is one of the most common words in health and fitness discussions in Chinese, used both as a verb and as a noun. Meanings [verb] to exercise; to work out; to train physically [noun] exercise; physical training; workout Example Sentences 我每天早上都去公园锻炼。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang dōu qù gōngyuán duànliàn. I go to the park to exercise every morning. 医生建议他多锻炼，少吃油腻食物。 Yīshēng jiànyì tā...
掌握 (zhǎngwò) — to master; to grasp; to command
掌握 (zhǎngwò) 掌握 means to master or have thorough command of something, whether a skill, language, knowledge, or situation, implying confident control and deep understanding. Meanings [verb] to master; to grasp; to command; to have control of Example Sentences 他掌握了三门外语，工作非常顺利。 Tā zhǎngwòle sān mén wàiyǔ, gōngzuò fēicháng shùnlì. He has mastered three foreign languages and his work goes very smoothly. 要掌握一项技能，需要大量的练习。 Yào zhǎngwò yī xiàng jìnéng, xūyào dàliàng de liànxí....
担心 (dānxīn) — to worry; worried
担心 (dānxīn) 担心 means to worry or feel anxious about someone or something. Meanings [verb] to worry; to be concerned about [adjective] worried; anxious Example Sentences 妈妈总是担心我的健康。 Māma zǒngshì dānxīn wǒ de jiànkāng. My mom always worries about my health. 不用担心，一切都会好起来的。 Búyòng dānxīn, yīqiē dōu huì hǎo qǐlái de. Don't worry; everything will be fine. 他担心考试会不及格。 Tā dānxīn kǎoshì huì bù jígé. He is worried that he will fail the...
鼓励 (gǔlì) — to encourage / encouragement
鼓励 (gǔlì) 鼓励 means to encourage someone, or refers to the act or words of encouragement. Meanings [verb] to encourage; to motivate; to inspire [noun] encouragement; motivation Example Sentences 老师经常鼓励学生要有自信。 Lǎoshī jīngcháng gǔlì xuéshēng yào yǒu zìxìn. The teacher often encourages students to be confident. 父母的鼓励对孩子非常重要。 Fùmǔ de gǔlì duì háizi fēicháng zhòngyào. Parents' encouragement is very important for children. 谢谢你的鼓励，我会继续努力的。 Xièxie nǐ de gǔlì, wǒ huì jìxù nǔlì de....
乃至 (nǎizhì) — even; even up to; and even
乃至 (nǎizhì) 乃至 is a formal conjunction used to extend a range or escalate a statement, meaning "and even" or "ranging up to," often introducing an extreme or unexpected endpoint of a scale. Meanings [conjunction] even; and even; up to and including (extends a range to an extreme or surprising endpoint) [conjunction] ranging from ... to ... (marks the upper or outer limit of a range) Example Sentences 这一政策影响了整个地区乃至全国的经济发展。 Zhè...
锻炼 (duànliàn) — to exercise; to train; to temper
锻炼 (duànliàn) 锻炼 describes physical exercise, the training of skills, or the tempering of character through challenging experience, and is one of the most common and versatile verbs in Chinese for personal development. Meanings [verb] to exercise; to work out (physical fitness) [verb] to train; to develop; to temper (skills, willpower, or character) [noun] exercise; training; a workout Example Sentences 他每天早晨坚持锻炼身体，保持了良好的健康状况。 Tā měi tiān zǎochén jiānchí duànliàn shēntǐ, bǎochíle liánghǎo...
培育 (péiyù) — to breed; to nurture
培育 (péiyù) 培育 means to breed, cultivate, or nurture living things -- primarily plants, animals, or young people -- through careful tending and support over time. Meanings [verb] to breed; to cultivate; to nurture; to rear (plants, animals, or people with care) Example Sentences 农业科学家正在培育更耐旱的新品种小麦。 Nóngyè kēxuéjiā zhèngzài péiyù gèng nài hàn de xīn pǐnzhǒng xiǎomài. Agricultural scientists are breeding new drought-resistant wheat varieties. 这家育儿机构致力于培育儿童的全面发展。 Zhè jiā yùér jīgòu zhìlì...
对手 (duìshǒu) — Opponent
对手 (duìshǒu) 对手 refers to an opponent, rival, or competitor in a contest, competition, or conflict. Meanings [noun] opponent; rival; competitor; adversary Example Sentences 他是我见过的最强的对手。 Tā shì wǒ jiànguò de zuì qiáng de duìshǒu. He is the strongest opponent I have ever faced. 了解对手的弱点是赢得比赛的关键。 Liǎojiě duìshǒu de ruòdiǎn shì yíngdé bǐsài de guānjiàn. Understanding your opponent's weaknesses is the key to winning the match. 在商场上，今天的对手可能是明天的合作伙伴。 Zài shāngchǎng shàng, jīntiān de...
温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng) — Greenhouse effect
温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng) 温室效应 refers to the process by which greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, causing the planet's surface temperature to rise -- the primary driver of human-induced climate change. Meanings [noun phrase] greenhouse effect; the warming of the Earth's surface due to atmospheric greenhouse gases Example Sentences 温室效应是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。 Wēnshì xiàoyìng shì dǎozhì quánqiú qìhòu biànnuǎn de zhǔyào yuányīn. The greenhouse effect is the main...
经历 (jīnglì) — experience; to experience
经历 (jīnglì) 经历 refers to lived experience or the act of going through something personally, emphasizing the process rather than just the knowledge gained. Meanings [noun] experience; personal history; what one has been through [verb] to experience; to go through; to live through Example Sentences 他有丰富的工作经历。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de gōngzuò jīnglì. He has rich work experience. 这次旅行是我一生中最难忘的经历。 Zhè cì lǚxíng shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì nánwàng de jīnglì. This...
条款 (tiáokuǎn) — clause, provision, term
条款 (tiáokuǎn) A specific, individually numbered provision or clause within a legal document, contract, agreement, or regulation -- the building blocks of formal written agreements. Meanings [noun] clause, provision, term, article (in a contract or legal document) Example Sentences 合同中有一条款规定，任何一方都不得擅自转让权利。 Hétong zhōng yǒu yī tiáokuǎn guīdìng, rènhé yī fāng dōu bù dé shànzì zhuǎnràng quánlì. One clause in the contract stipulates that neither party may transfer rights without authorization. 请仔细阅读服务协议中的所有条款后再签字。...
一起 (yīqǐ) — together, all at once
一起 (yīqǐ) An adverb meaning "together" or "at the same time." Placed before the verb to indicate that two or more people do something jointly. Also used as an invitation to do something together. Meanings [adv] Together, jointly, at the same time. Example Sentences 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù ba! Let's go together! 他们一起学习中文。 Tāmen yīqǐ xuéxí Zhōngwén. They study Chinese together. 你可以和我一起来。 Nǐ kěyǐ hé wǒ yīqǐ lái. You can...
观众 (guānzhòng) — audience; spectators
观众 (guānzhòng) 观众 means "audience" or "spectators" and refers to people who watch a performance, broadcast, sports event, or other public show. Meanings [noun] audience; spectators; viewers Example Sentences 今天晚上的音乐会吸引了很多观众。 Jīntiān wǎnshang de yīnyuèhuì xīyǐn le hěn duō guānzhòng. Tonight's concert attracted a large audience. 观众们热烈鼓掌，表示欢迎。 Guānzhòngmen rèliè gǔzhǎng, biǎoshì huānyíng. The audience applauded warmly to show their welcome. 这个电视节目有几百万观众。 Zhège diànshì jiémù yǒu jǐ bǎi wàn guānzhòng. This TV...
特别 (tèbié) — Special, especially, particularly
特别 (tèbié) 特别 means special, extraordinary, or out of the ordinary as an adjective, and "especially" or "particularly" as an adverb emphasizing degree. Meanings [adj] special; extraordinary; unusual; out of the ordinary [adv] especially; particularly; in particular; very Example Sentences 今天是个特别的日子，我永远不会忘记。 Jīntiān shì gè tèbié de rìzi, wǒ yǒngyuǎn bù huì wàngjì. Today is a special day that I will never forget. 我特别喜欢在秋天去山里爬山。 Wǒ tèbié xǐhuān zài qiūtiān qù shānlǐ...
难过 (nánguò) — sad; unhappy; to feel bad
难过 (nánguò) 难过 expresses the feeling of sadness, distress, or emotional discomfort, and can also describe physical discomfort. Meanings [adj] sad; unhappy; to feel bad; distressed Example Sentences 他离开的时候，我感到很难过。 Tā líkāi de shíhou, wǒ gǎndào hěn nánguò. When he left, I felt very sad. 看到别人受苦，她心里难过极了。 Kàn dào biérén shòukǔ, tā xīnlǐ nánguò jí le. Seeing others suffer, she felt extremely sad inside. 不要难过，每件事都会过去的。 Bùyào nánguò, měi jiàn shì dōu huì...
仔细 (zǐxì) — careful; meticulous; attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 describes paying close and careful attention to something so as not to make mistakes or miss details. Meanings [adj/adv] careful; meticulous; attentive; thorough Example Sentences 做题之前要仔细阅读题目。 Zuò tí zhīqián yào zǐxì yuèdú tímù. Read the questions carefully before answering them. 他仔细地检查了每一个细节。 Tā zǐxì de jiǎnchá le měi yī gè xìjié. He carefully examined every detail. 请仔细听，我只说一遍。 Qǐng zǐxì tīng, wǒ zhǐ shuō yī biàn. Please listen carefully;...
通知 (tōngzhī) — to notify
通知 (tōngzhī) 通知 means to inform or notify someone about something, especially an official or important matter. As a noun it refers to a notice, announcement, or circular. Meanings [verb] To notify; to inform; to let know. [noun] A notice; an announcement; a notification. Example Sentences 老师通知我们明天考试。 Lǎoshī tōngzhī wǒmen míngtiān kǎoshì. The teacher notified us that there is an exam tomorrow. 请把这个通知发给所有人。 Qǐng bǎ zhège tōngzhī fāgěi suǒyǒu rén....
完全 (wánquán) — completely; entirely; total; perfect
完全 (wánquán) 完全 is used to indicate that something is total, absolute, or without exception, functioning most often as an adverb. Meanings [adverb] completely; entirely — to an absolute or total degree, leaving nothing out [adjective] total; perfect; complete — having all necessary parts or qualities Example Sentences 我完全同意你的看法。 Wǒ wánquán tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I completely agree with your view. 这件事完全是误会。 Zhè jiàn shì wánquán shì wùhuì. This matter...
奶奶 (nǎinai) — paternal grandmother
奶奶 (nǎinai) 奶奶 specifically means your father's mother (paternal grandmother). Chinese family terms are precise about which side of the family a relative belongs to. The maternal grandmother is 外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao). Meanings [noun] Paternal grandmother (father's mother). Example Sentences 我奶奶住在北京。 Wǒ nǎinai zhù zài Běijīng. My grandmother lives in Beijing. 奶奶做的饺子最好吃。 Nǎinai zuò de jiǎozi zuì hǎochī. Grandma's dumplings are the most delicious. 我每个周末都去看奶奶。 Wǒ měi gè...
有必要 (yǒu bìyào) — it is necessary
有必要 (yǒu bìyào) 有必要 expresses that something is necessary or that there is a need to do something. Meanings [phrase] it is necessary; there is a need (to do something) Example Sentences 有必要提前准备。 Yǒu bìyào tíqián zhǔnbèi. It is necessary to prepare in advance. 我觉得有必要解释一下。 Wǒ juéde yǒu bìyào jiěshì yīxià. I think it is necessary to give an explanation. 有没有必要开这个会议？ Yǒu méiyǒu bìyào kāi zhège huìyì? Is it necessary...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to one of the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). It is used to talk about weather, nature cycles, and activities that belong to a particular time of year. Meanings [noun] Season (one of the four seasons of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎ gè jìjié? Which season do you like the most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì...
知识 (zhīshi) — knowledge
知识 (zhīshi) 知识 refers to knowledge in general, including facts, skills, and understanding gained through education, reading, or experience. Meanings [noun] knowledge; information and understanding acquired through learning or experience Example Sentences 读书可以增加我们的知识。 Dúshū kěyǐ zēngjiā wǒmen de zhīshi. Reading books can increase our knowledge. 她有丰富的医学知识。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de yīxué zhīshi. She has a wealth of medical knowledge. 学校的目的是传授知识和技能。 Xuéxiào de mùdì shì chuánshòu zhīshi hé jìnéng. The purpose...
妈妈 (māma) — mom, mother
妈妈 (māma) 妈妈 is the informal, affectionate word for mother, equivalent to "mom" or "mama." It is among the first words children learn in any language, and Chinese is no exception. Meanings [noun] Mom, mother (informal). Example Sentences 妈妈在厨房做饭。 Māma zài chúfáng zuòfàn. Mom is cooking in the kitchen. 我妈妈很漂亮。 Wǒ māma hěn piàoliang. My mom is very beautiful. 妈妈，我饿了。 Māma, wǒ è le. Mom, I am hungry. 她的妈妈是医生。 Tā...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is an adjective meaning important or significant. It follows the standard adjective pattern: 很重要 (very important), 不重要 (not important), 最重要 (most important). It can also precede a noun as a modifier: 重要的事情 (an important matter). Meanings [adj] Important; significant — of great value or consequence. [adj] Essential; critical — cannot be overlooked or neglected. Example Sentences 健康比金钱更重要。 Jiànkāng bǐ jīnqián gèng zhòngyào. Health is more important than...
困 (kùn) — sleepy; drowsy
困 (kùn) 困 describes the feeling of drowsiness and the need to sleep, especially during the day. Meanings [adj] sleepy; drowsy; tired and needing sleep Example Sentences 我昨晚没睡好，今天很困。 Wǒ zuówǎn méi shuì hǎo, jīntiān hěn kùn. I didn't sleep well last night and I'm very sleepy today. 下午两点是最容易困的时候。 Xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn shì zuì róngyì kùn de shíhou. Two in the afternoon is when it's easiest to feel sleepy. 他困得眼睛都睁不开了。 Tā...
菜单 (càidān) — menu
菜单 (càidān) 菜单 means menu. It is the list of dishes and drinks available at a restaurant. 菜 means dish and 单 means a list or slip of paper. Meanings [noun] Menu; bill of fare. Example Sentences 请给我看看菜单。 Qǐng gěi wǒ kànkan càidān. Please let me see the menu. 服务员，这里的菜单有英文版吗？ Fúwùyuán, zhèlǐ de càidān yǒu yīngwén bǎn ma? Waiter, does the menu here have an English version? 他看了半天菜单，还不知道点什么。 Tā kàn...
学历 (xuélì) — educational background; academic qualifications
学历 (xuélì) Educational background refers to the level of formal education a person has completed, typically indicated by the highest degree or diploma obtained. Meanings [noun] educational background; academic qualifications; level of formal schooling Example Sentences 这份工作要求应聘者具有本科及以上学历。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò yāoqiú yìngpìnzhě jùyǒu běnkē jí yǐshàng xuélì. This job requires applicants to have a bachelor's degree or above. 在中国，高学历往往意味着更好的就业机会。 Zài Zhōngguó, gāo xuélì wǎngwǎng yìwèizhe gèng hǎo de jiùyè jīhuì....
承认 (chéngrèn) — to admit; to acknowledge; to recognize
承认 (chéngrèn) 承认 covers two related senses: admitting something (often a fault or uncomfortable truth) and officially recognizing something (such as a government or credential). Meanings [verb] To admit, to confess (a fault or truth one might prefer to hide). [verb] To acknowledge, to recognize, to accept as valid or legitimate. Example Sentences 他终于承认自己在这件事上犯了一个严重的错误。 Tā zhōngyú chéngrèn zìjǐ zài zhè jiàn shì shàng fàn le yī gè yánzhòng de cuòwù....
充足 (chōngzú) — sufficient; adequate; ample
充足 (chōngzú) 充足 describes a quantity or amount that is fully sufficient, adequate, or more than enough for a particular purpose or need. Meanings [adjective] sufficient; adequate; ample; plentiful (fully meeting needs or requirements) Example Sentences 充足的睡眠对于维持身体健康和提高工作效率都非常重要。 Chōngzú de shuìmián duìyú wéichí shēntǐ jiànkāng hé tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ dōu fēicháng zhòngyào. Adequate sleep is very important for maintaining physical health and improving work efficiency. 这个项目的成功实施需要充足的资金支持和专业团队的协作。 Zhège xiàngmù de chénggōng shíshī...
是 (shì) — to be (is, am, are)
是 (shì) 是 is the main linking verb in Chinese, equivalent to "is," "am," or "are." It connects a subject to a noun or noun phrase. Important: 是 does NOT mean "to have." Use 有 (yǒu) for possession. Also note that 是 is not used before adjectives. Say 他很高 (he is tall), not 他是高. Meanings [verb] To be (is, am, are). Links subject to an identity or classification. Example Sentences...
气氛 (qìfēn) — atmosphere; ambiance
气氛 (qìfēn) 气氛 refers to the overall mood, atmosphere, or feeling of a place, event, or social situation. Meanings [noun] atmosphere; ambiance; mood; vibe Example Sentences 今晚的聚会气氛很热闹。 Jīn wǎn de jùhuì qìfēn hěn rènào. The atmosphere at tonight's gathering is very lively. 教室里的学习气氛非常好。 Jiàoshì lǐ de xuéxí qìfēn fēicháng hǎo. The study atmosphere in the classroom is very good. 这家咖啡厅的气氛很轻松舒适。 Zhè jiā kāfēitīng de qìfēn hěn qīngsōng shūshì. The atmosphere...
打扫 (dǎsǎo) — to clean / to sweep
打扫 (dǎsǎo) 打扫 means to clean up or sweep, typically referring to cleaning a room, floor, or indoor space. It is often followed by a location as the object. The similar word 扫 (sǎo) alone can mean to sweep, but 打扫 is more commonly used for general cleaning. Meanings [verb] To clean; to sweep; to tidy up (a room or space). Example Sentences 我每周末打扫房间。 Wǒ měi zhōumò dǎsǎo fángjiān. I...
既然 (jìrán) — since; given that; now that
既然 (jìrán) 既然 introduces a premise that both speaker and listener accept as true, then draws a logical conclusion from it, similar to "since" or "now that." Meanings [conjunction] Since; given that; now that (accepts a known fact and derives a conclusion). Example Sentences 既然你已经决定了，就努力去做吧。 Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, jiù nǔlì qù zuò ba. Since you have already decided, go ahead and do your best. 既然天气这么好，我们去爬山吧。 Jìrán tiānqì zhème...
活动 (huódòng) — activity; event; campaign
活动 (huódòng) 活动 can mean an activity, event, or campaign as a noun, or to move about and be active as a verb. Meanings [noun] activity; event; campaign; an organized or social happening [verb] to move; to exercise; to be active Example Sentences 学校组织了很多课外活动。 Xuéxiào zǔzhī le hěn duō kèwài huódòng. The school organized many extracurricular activities. 这次促销活动吸引了大量顾客。 Zhè cì cùxiāo huódòng xīyǐn le dàliàng gùkè. This promotional campaign attracted...
流利 (liúlì) — fluent
流利 (liúlì) 流利 describes smooth, unimpeded production of language — speech or writing that flows without hesitation or errors. It is the standard term for "fluent" in the context of language learning. Meanings [adjective] Fluent; smooth; flowing; without hesitation. Example Sentences 她的英语说得非常流利。 Tā de Yīngyǔ shuō de fēicháng liúlì. She speaks English extremely fluently. 我希望有一天可以流利地说中文。 Wǒ xīwàng yǒu yītiān kěyǐ liúlì de shuō Zhōngwén. I hope one day I can...
修改 (xiūgǎi) — to revise; to modify; to amend
修改 (xiūgǎi) 修改 means to revise, modify, or amend something, typically a document, plan, or rule, in order to correct errors or improve quality. Meanings [verb] to revise, modify, or amend by making corrections or improvements Example Sentences 老师让我修改这篇作文。 Lǎoshī ràng wǒ xiūgǎi zhè piān zuòwén. The teacher asked me to revise this essay. 合同需要修改几个条款。 Hétong xūyào xiūgǎi jǐ gè tiáokuǎn. The contract needs to have a few clauses amended....
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, occasion
时候 (shíhou) Refers to a specific point in time, a moment, or an occasion. It answers the question "when?" and is used in constructions like 的时候 (when..., at the time of...). Key contrast: 时候 is a point or occasion, while 时间 (shíjiān) refers to duration or time as an abstract concept. Meanings [noun] A point in time, a moment, an occasion. Example Sentences 我小的时候喜欢唱歌。 Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou xǐhuan chànggē....
上班 (shàngbān) — to go to work, to be at work
上班 (shàngbān) A verb-object compound meaning to go to work or to be on duty. The opposite is 下班 (xiàbān), to get off work. It refers to the act of starting or being at one's work shift. Meanings [verb] To go to work, to start work, to be at work. Example Sentences 我每天八点上班。 Wǒ měi tiān bā diǎn shàngbān. I go to work at eight o'clock every day. 他今天不舒服，没去上班。 Tā...
廉洁 (liánjié) — honest and clean; incorrupt
廉洁 (liánjié) Incorrupt or honest and clean describes a person, especially an official, who is free from corruption and bribery, acting with complete integrity in their position. Meanings [adjective] incorrupt; honest and upright; clean-handed; free from corruption Example Sentences 廉洁奉公是对每一位政府官员的基本要求。 Liánjié fènggōng shì duì měi yī wèi zhèngfǔ guānyuán de jīběn yāoqiú. Being incorrupt and devoted to public service is a basic requirement for every government official. 他以廉洁著称，在位多年从未接受过贿赂。 Tā yǐ...
反对 (fǎnduì) — Oppose
反对 (fǎnduì) 反对 means to oppose or object to something, expressing disagreement or resistance. Meanings [verb] to oppose; to object to; to be against; to disagree with Example Sentences 他坚决反对这个计划。 Tā jiānjué fǎnduì zhège jìhuà. He firmly opposes this plan. 很多人反对在这里建工厂。 Hěn duō rén fǎnduì zài zhèlǐ jiàn gōngchǎng. Many people oppose building a factory here. 她反对浪费食物，每次都吃得干干净净。 Tā fǎnduì làngfèi shíwù, měi cì dōu chī de gāngānjìngjìng. She is against...
活跃 (huóyuè) — active; lively; dynamic
活跃 (huóyuè) 活跃 describes someone or something that is active, lively, and dynamic, or it can be used as a verb meaning to enliven or animate. Meanings [adjective] active; lively; dynamic; full of energy and participation [verb] to make lively; to animate; to enliven Example Sentences 他是班里最活跃的学生。 Tā shì bān lǐ zuì huóyuè de xuéshēng. He is the most active student in the class. 这个市场最近非常活跃。 Zhège shìchǎng zuìjìn fēicháng huóyuè....
投资 (tóuzī) — to invest; investment
投资 (tóuzī) 投资 means to invest money, time, or other resources into something with the expectation of a future return or benefit. It is used in financial, business, and broader metaphorical contexts (such as investing in education or health). Meanings [verb] To invest; to put capital into. [noun] Investment; capital invested. Example Sentences 他决定将大部分储蓄投资于股票市场，以获取更高的回报。 Tā juédìng jiāng dà bùfen chǔxù tóuzī yú gǔpiào shìchǎng, yǐ huòqǔ gèng gāo de huíbào....
工作 (gōngzuò) — work; to work
工作 (gōngzuò) 工作 functions as both a noun meaning "work" or "job" and a verb meaning "to work." As a noun it can be modified and measured; as a verb it describes the act of working. Meanings [noun] Work, job, employment. [verb] To work, to be employed. Example Sentences 我的工作很有意思。 Wǒ de gōngzuò hěn yǒu yìsi. My work is very interesting. 她在一家银行工作。 Tā zài yī jiā yínháng gōngzuò. She works...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist. It functions both as a verb and as a noun, so you can "give 帮助" or "帮助 someone do something." Meanings [verb] To help; to assist. Often followed by a person object and then a verb phrase. [noun] Help; assistance. Can be the object of verbs like 给 (to give) or 需要 (to need). Example Sentences 谢谢你的帮助。 Xièxie nǐ de bāngzhù. Thank...
习惯 (xíguàn) — habit; to be used to; custom
习惯 (xíguàn) 习惯 refers to a habitual pattern of behavior as a noun, and as a verb it means to be accustomed to or to get used to something. Meanings [noun] Habit; custom; regular practice. [verb] To be used to; to be accustomed to; to get used to. Example Sentences 他有每天早起跑步的习惯。 Tā yǒu měitiān zǎoqǐ pǎobù de xíguàn. He has the habit of getting up early and running every day....
严峻 (yánjùn) — severe; grim; stern
严峻 (yánjùn) 严峻 describes situations, conditions, or expressions that are severe, grim, or daunting, often used when discussing challenging circumstances that require serious attention. Meanings [adjective] severe; grim; daunting (describing a difficult situation or challenge) [adjective] stern; grave (describing a serious expression or demeanor) Example Sentences 当前全球经济面临严峻挑战，各国政府纷纷采取应对措施。 Dāngqián quánqiú jīngjì miànlín yánjùn tiǎozhàn, gè guó zhèngfǔ fēnfēn cǎiqǔ yìngduì cuòshī. The global economy currently faces severe challenges, and governments around...
为了 (wèile) — in order to, for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition meaning "in order to" or "for the sake of," used to state the purpose or motivation behind an action. It introduces a goal and precedes the verb phrase that achieves it. Meanings [prep] In order to, for the purpose of, for the sake of. Example Sentences 为了学好汉语，他每天练习。 Wèile xuéhǎo Hànyǔ, tā měi tiān liànxí. In order to learn Chinese well, he practices every day. 她为了家人努力工作。 Tā...
视频通话 (shìpín tōnghuà) — video call
视频通话 (shìpín tōnghuà) 视频通话 refers to a video call, where participants can see and hear each other in real time over the internet. It is widely used through apps like WeChat (微信) and has become a common way to stay in touch with family and friends. Meanings [noun] video call; a real-time call that transmits both audio and video Example Sentences 我每周都和父母进行视频通话。 Wǒ měi zhōu dōu hé fùmǔ jìnxíng shìpín...
难 (nán) — difficult
难 (nán) An adjective meaning difficult or hard. It is the direct antonym of 容易 (róngyi), which means easy. 难 appears often in compound adjectives such as 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad), and 难听 (unpleasant to hear), following a pattern where it modifies a sensory verb. Meanings [adjective] Difficult, hard, not easy. [adjective] (In compounds) Unpleasant to the senses: 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad). Example Sentences 这道数学题很难。 Zhè dào shùxué...
悲观 (bēiguān) — pessimistic
悲观 (bēiguān) 悲观 describes a pessimistic outlook -- tending to see the worst in situations or expect negative outcomes. Meanings [adjective] pessimistic [noun] pessimism Example Sentences 他对未来很悲观。 Tā duì wèilái hěn bēiguān. He is very pessimistic about the future. 不要悲观，要相信自己。 Bùyào bēiguān, yào xiāngxìn zìjǐ. Don't be pessimistic; believe in yourself. 她的悲观态度影响了整个团队。 Tā de bēiguān tàidù yǐngxiǎngle zhěnggè tuánduì. Her pessimistic attitude affected the whole team. 悲观的人很难感到幸福。 Bēiguān de rén...
精彩 (jīngcǎi) — wonderful
精彩 (jīngcǎi) 精彩 describes something that is wonderful, brilliant, or spectacular — typically a performance, speech, film, or activity that stands out for its excellence and engages the audience fully. Meanings [adjective] Wonderful; brilliant; splendid; exciting; superb. Example Sentences 这部电影非常精彩，值得一看。 Zhè bù diànyǐng fēicháng jīngcǎi, zhídé yī kàn. This film is wonderful and worth watching. 他的演讲很精彩，大家都鼓掌了。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng hěn jīngcǎi, dàjiā dōu gǔzhǎng le. His speech was brilliant and...
头疼 (tóuténg) — headache / troublesome
头疼 (tóuténg) 头疼 literally means the head hurts. It is used both literally (to have a headache) and figuratively (to find something troublesome or annoying). It is also written 头痛 (tóutòng) with the same meaning. Meanings [verb] To have a headache; for one's head to hurt. [adjective] Troublesome; annoying; a headache (figurative). Example Sentences 我今天头疼，不想出门。 Wǒ jīntiān tóuténg, bù xiǎng chūmén. I have a headache today and do not want...
参加 (cānjiā) — Participate
参加 (cānjiā) 参加 means to take part in or join an activity, event, or organization. Meanings [verb] to participate in; to join; to attend; to take part in Example Sentences 我想参加这次国际会议。 Wǒ xiǎng cānjiā zhè cì guójì huìyì. I want to participate in this international conference. 他参加了学校的篮球队。 Tā cānjiāle xuéxiào de lánqiú duì. He joined the school basketball team. 请问，我可以参加你们的活动吗？ Qǐngwèn, wǒ kěyǐ cānjiā nǐmen de huódòng ma? Excuse me,...
教室 (jiàoshì) — classroom
教室 (jiàoshì) A noun meaning classroom. It combines 教 (teach) and 室 (room). It specifically refers to the room where teaching and learning take place, as opposed to other rooms in a school building. Meanings [noun] Classroom, a room for teaching. Example Sentences 同学们都在教室里学习。 Tóngxuémen dōu zài jiàoshì lǐ xuéxí. All the classmates are studying in the classroom. 我们的教室在三楼。 Wǒmen de jiàoshì zài sān lóu. Our classroom is on the...
邀请 (yāoqǐng) — to invite / invitation
邀请 (yāoqǐng) 邀请 means to invite someone to attend an event or activity, or refers to the invitation itself. Meanings [verb] to invite; to request someone's presence [noun] invitation Example Sentences 她邀请我去她的生日派对。 Tā yāoqǐng wǒ qù tā de shēngrì pàiduì. She invited me to her birthday party. 我收到了一封婚礼邀请函。 Wǒ shōudào le yī fēng hūnlǐ yāoqǐng hán. I received a wedding invitation letter. 感谢您的邀请，我很乐意参加。 Gǎnxiè nín de yāoqǐng, wǒ hěn lèyì...
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) — walk over here
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) 走过来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 走 (to walk) is the base verb; 过来 (come over / toward the speaker) is the directional complement indicating movement toward the person speaking. Contrast with 走过去 (walk over there, away from the speaker). Structure 走 (walk) + 过来 (directional complement: come this way) = walk toward the speaker. Other base verbs with 过来: 跑过来 (run over here),...
变 (biàn) — to change
变 (biàn) 变 means to change or become something different. It describes a transformation in state, appearance, or quality. It is often followed by an adjective describing the new state. Meanings [verb] To change; to become; to transform. Example Sentences 天气突然变冷了。 Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le. The weather suddenly became cold. 他变了很多，我都认不出来了。 Tā biàn le hěn duō, wǒ dōu rèn bù chūlái le. He has changed so much I almost...
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity; chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 refers to a favorable situation or moment that allows something to happen, equivalent to "opportunity" or "chance" in English. Meanings [noun] Opportunity; chance (a favorable moment or occasion for action). Example Sentences 这是一个很好的学习机会，不要错过。 Zhè shì yī gè hěn hǎo de xuéxí jīhuì, bùyào cuòguò. This is a great learning opportunity; do not miss it. 我终于有机会去中国旅行了。 Wǒ zhōngyú yǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó lǚxíng le. I finally have the...
往往 (wǎngwǎng) — often; frequently; as a rule
往往 (wǎngwǎng) 往往 describes something that tends to happen regularly or as a rule based on past pattern, meaning "often," "frequently," or "more often than not." Meanings [adverb] Often; frequently; as a rule (based on an observed pattern or tendency). Example Sentences 冬天往往比夏天更难坚持锻炼。 Dōngtiān wǎngwǎng bǐ xiàtiān gèng nán jiānchí duànliàn. Winter is often harder to keep up with exercise than summer. 成功的人往往比别人更努力。 Chénggōng de rén wǎngwǎng bǐ biérén gèng...
错误 (cuòwù) — mistake / wrong
错误 (cuòwù) 错误 refers to a mistake or error, or describes something as wrong or incorrect. Meanings [noun] mistake; error; fault [adjective] wrong; incorrect; mistaken Example Sentences 我犯了一个很严重的错误。 Wǒ fàn le yīgè hěn yánzhòng de cuòwù. I made a very serious mistake. 承认错误是改正的第一步。 Chéngrèn cuòwù shì gǎizhèng de dì yī bù. Admitting a mistake is the first step to correcting it. 这个决定是完全错误的。 Zhège juédìng shì wánquán cuòwù de. This decision...
写错 (xiě cuò) — to write incorrectly / to make a writing mistake
写错 (xiě cuò) A verb-result compound where 写 (to write) + 错 (wrong/mistaken) means to write something incorrectly. Meanings [verb + complement] To write incorrectly, to make a mistake in writing. Example Sentences 我把这个字写错了。 Wǒ bǎ zhège zì xiě cuò le. I wrote this character incorrectly. 你的名字写错了，应该是这样写。 Nǐ de míngzì xiě cuò le, yīnggāi shì zhèyàng xiě. Your name is written incorrectly; it should be written this way. 考试的时候，我写错了几道题。 Kǎoshì...
公共卫生 (gōnggòng wèishēng) — public health
公共卫生 (gōnggòng wèishēng) 公共卫生 refers to organized efforts by society and governments to protect, promote, and improve the health of entire populations, as opposed to individual medical care. Meanings [noun phrase] public health (the science and practice of protecting community health) Example Sentences 新冠疫情暴露了全球公共卫生体系的脆弱性。 Xīnguān yìqíng bàolù le quánqiú gōnggòng wèishēng tǐxì de cuìruò xìng. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of global public health systems. 政府加大了对公共卫生基础设施的投资。 Zhèngfǔ jiādà le...
目标 (mùbiāo) — goal; target
目标 (mùbiāo) 目标 refers to a goal, target, or objective that one aims to achieve, whether in studies, work, or life. Meanings [noun] goal; objective; aim; target Example Sentences 我的目标是在一年内学会中文。 Wǒ de mùbiāo shì zài yī nián nèi xuéhuì Zhōngwén. My goal is to learn Chinese within one year. 你有没有明确的人生目标？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu míngquè de rénshēng mùbiāo? Do you have a clear life goal? 只要有目标，就有前进的方向。 Zhǐyào yǒu mùbiāo, jiù yǒu...
抗体 (kàngtǐ) — antibody
抗体 (kàngtǐ) 抗体 refers to antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, or vaccines, used to identify and neutralize these threats. Meanings [noun] antibody (immunology); protein that fights pathogens Example Sentences 接种疫苗后，人体会产生相应的抗体，从而对该病毒产生免疫力。 Jiēzhòng yìmiáo hòu, réntǐ huì chǎnshēng xiāngyìng de kàngtǐ, cóng ér duì gāi bìngdú chǎnshēng miǎnyì lì. After vaccination, the human body produces corresponding antibodies, thereby developing...
已经 (yǐjīng) — already
已经 (yǐjīng) 已经 is an adverb meaning "already." It signals that something has happened or changed before the current moment. Meanings [adverb] Already; by now. Describes a completed action or a state that is in effect at the time of speaking. Example Sentences 我已经吃饭了。 Wǒ yǐjīng chīfàn le. I have already eaten. 他已经回家了。 Tā yǐjīng huí jiā le. He has already gone home. 票已经卖完了。 Piào yǐjīng mài wán le. The...
上传 (shàngchuán) — to upload
上传 (shàngchuán) 上传 means to upload, describing the action of sending files, photos, or data from a local device to the internet or a remote server. It is the opposite of 下载 (to download). Meanings [verb] to upload; to send data from a local device to a server or the internet Example Sentences 她把照片上传到社交媒体上了。 Tā bǎ zhàopiàn shàngchuán dào shèjiāo méitǐ shàng le. She uploaded the photos to social media....
威权主义 (wēiquán zhǔyì) — authoritarianism
威权主义 (wēiquán zhǔyì) 威权主义 refers to a political ideology or system in which power is concentrated in a single authority with limited political freedoms and civil liberties. It is commonly contrasted with democracy and liberalism in political discourse. Meanings [noun] authoritarianism; a system of governance that prioritizes centralized control over individual freedoms Example Sentences 威权主义政府通常限制公民的言论自由。 Wēiquán zhǔyì zhèngfǔ tōngcháng xiànzhì gōngmín de yánlùn zìyóu. Authoritarian governments typically restrict citizens' freedom...
切除 (qiēchú) — to excise, to surgically remove
切除 (qiēchú) 切除 is the precise surgical term for excision — the deliberate removal of tissue, an organ, or a pathological lesion from the body by cutting. It is distinguished from simpler terms like 去除 (to remove) by its strict surgical connotation and is used across all surgical subspecialties. The term appears in operative reports, surgical consent forms, oncological treatment plans, and clinical research. Meanings verb to excise; to surgically...
关系 (guānxi) — relationship / connection / to matter
关系 (guānxi) Refers to the connection or relationship between people or things. Appears in the key phrases 有关系 (to be related/to matter) and 没关系 (it doesn't matter / no problem). Meanings [noun] Relationship, connection, link. [noun/verb phrase] 没关系 — doesn't matter, no problem; 有关系 — related, relevant. Example Sentences 他们两个人的关系很好。 Tāmen liǎng gè rén de guānxi hěn hǎo. The relationship between the two of them is very good. 这件事跟我没有关系。 Zhè...
应对 (yìngduì) — coping; to cope with
应对 (yìngduì) 应对 means to respond to or deal with a challenge, problem, or difficult situation. It implies an active, strategic response rather than passive acceptance. In psychology, 应对 translates the English term "coping" and refers to the strategies people use to manage stress and adversity. Meanings noun/verb coping, response; to cope with, to deal with, to respond to Example Sentences 她学会了如何应对工作中的压力。 Tā xuéhuì le rúhé yìngduì gōngzuò zhōng de...
公司 (gōngsī) — company; firm
公司 (gōngsī) 公司 is the standard word for a company, firm, or corporation. It covers businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large multinationals. The measure word for companies is 家 (jiā): 一家公司 (a company). Meanings [noun] Company; firm; corporation. An organized business entity. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有一千多名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yīqiān duō míng yuángōng....
归纳 (guīnà) — to summarize; inductive reasoning
归纳 (guīnà) 归纳 means to bring together specific observations or facts and derive a general conclusion from them, corresponding to the concept of inductive reasoning in logic and academic work. Meanings [verb] to summarize; to sum up; to generalize from examples [noun] induction; inductive reasoning; a summary Example Sentences 老师要求学生归纳本章的主要内容。 Lǎoshī yāoqiú xuésheng guīnà běn zhāng de zhǔyào nèiróng. The teacher asked students to summarize the main content of this...
表述 (biǎoshù) — to describe, to formulate
表述 (biǎoshù) 表述 means to describe, express, or formulate something in words, particularly in a clear and systematic manner. It is more formal than 说 or 表达, and implies structured, deliberate articulation of ideas, positions, or facts. It is widely used in academic writing, legal documents, and official communication. Meanings [v] to describe; to articulate; to formulate in words [v] to state or present (an argument, position, or finding) Example...
应对 (yìngduì) — to cope with; to respond to
应对 (yìngduì) 应对 means to respond to or cope with a situation, challenge, or question, often implying a measured and strategic reaction. Meanings [verb] to cope with; to deal with; to respond to Example Sentences 我们必须学会应对压力。 Wǒmen bìxū xuéhuì yìngduì yālì. We must learn how to cope with stress. 他善于应对突发情况。 Tā shànyú yìngduì tūfā qíngkuàng. He is good at handling unexpected situations. 这个问题很难应对。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán yìngduì. This problem...
礼物 (lǐwù) — gift
礼物 (lǐwù) 礼物 is the standard word for a gift or present — something given to someone as a gesture of affection, celebration, or gratitude. Meanings [noun] Gift; present. Example Sentences 我给她买了一件生日礼物。 Wǒ gěi tā mǎi le yī jiàn shēngrì lǐwù. I bought her a birthday gift. 谢谢你的礼物，我非常喜欢！ Xièxiè nǐ de lǐwù, wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān! Thank you for your gift; I like it very much! 他从中国带回来了很多礼物。 Tā cóng Zhōngguó dài...
衰退 (shuāituì) — to decline; recession
衰退 (shuāituì) 衰退 describes a gradual weakening or deterioration of something -- most often an economy, physical capacity, or social system -- and is a key term in economic and health-related discourse. Meanings [verb] to decline; to deteriorate; to weaken [noun] recession; decline; deterioration Example Sentences 全球经济正面临衰退的风险。 Quánqiú jīngjì zhèng miànlín shuāituì de fēngxiǎn. The global economy is facing the risk of recession. 老年人的记忆力会随年龄增长而衰退。 Lǎonián rén de jìyìlì huì suí...
合适 (héshì) — suitable / appropriate
合适 (héshì) 合适 means suitable, appropriate, or fitting. It describes a good match between a person and a role, an item and a purpose, or a situation and a response. It is a common everyday adjective used in shopping, work, and personal contexts. Meanings [adjective] Suitable; appropriate; fitting; the right match. Example Sentences 这双鞋很合适，我买了。 Zhè shuāng xié hěn héshì, wǒ mǎi le. These shoes fit perfectly; I bought them. 你觉得这份工作合适吗？...
充分 (chōngfèn) — sufficient; full; ample
充分 (chōngfèn) 充分 describes a quantity or degree that is fully adequate, leaving nothing lacking. Meanings [adjective] Sufficient; full; ample; thorough. Example Sentences 你需要充分的准备才能通过考试。 Nǐ xūyào chōngfèn de zhǔnbèi cái néng tōngguò kǎoshì. You need ample preparation to pass the exam. 我们应该充分利用时间。 Wǒmen yīnggāi chōngfèn lìyòng shíjiān. We should make full use of our time. 会议前大家进行了充分的讨论。 Huìyì qián dàjiā jìnxíngle chōngfèn de tǎolùn. Before the meeting, everyone had a thorough...
八 (bā) — eight
八 (bā) The number eight, considered the luckiest number in Chinese culture because bā sounds similar to 发 (fā, to prosper/get rich); license plates, phone numbers, and addresses containing 八 command premium prices. Meanings [number] Eight, the digit 8. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours every day. 他用八万块钱买了一辆车。 Tā yòng bā wàn kuài qián mǎile yī liàng chē. He bought a car for...
由此 (yóucǐ) — from this; thus; hence
由此 (yóucǐ) 由此 is a formal connective used to draw a conclusion or logical inference from information that has just been presented, common in academic writing and formal speech. Meanings [adverb] from this; thus; hence; therefore; as a result of this Example Sentences 数据显示销量持续下降，由此可以看出市场需求正在萎缩。 Shùjù xiǎnshì xiāoliàng chíxù xiàjiàng, yóucǐ kěyǐ kàn chū shìchǎng xūqiú zhèngzài wěisuō. Data shows sales continue to fall; hence it can be seen that market...
偏见 (piānjiàn) — prejudice, bias
偏见 (piānjiàn) 偏见 refers to an irrational or unfair judgment about a person, group, or idea that is formed without adequate knowledge or reason. It is a central concept in discussions of discrimination, fairness, and critical thinking. Overcoming 偏见 is considered essential to building an equitable society. Meanings noun prejudice, bias, preconceived notion, unfair judgment Example Sentences 我们应该努力消除对少数群体的偏见。 Wǒmen yīnggāi nǔlì xiāochú duì shǎoshù qúntǐ de piānjiàn. We should work...
创造 (chuàngzào) — to create; creation
创造 (chuàngzào) 创造 means to bring something new into existence through imagination, skill, or effort, and encompasses both artistic creation and the creation of material or social value. Meanings [verb] to create; to produce through original effort [noun] creation; a created work or achievement Example Sentences 这家公司在过去十年里创造了数万个就业机会。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài guòqù shí nián lǐ chuàngzàole shù wàn gè jiùyè jīhuì. This company created tens of thousands of jobs over...
时代 (shídài) — era; age; times
时代 (shídài) 时代 describes a broad period of time defined by particular social, cultural, or technological characteristics, larger in scope than 时间 (shíjiān). Meanings [noun] era; age; period; times Example Sentences 我们生活在一个信息时代。 Wǒmen shēnghuó zài yīgè xìnxī shídài. We live in an information age. 那是一个非常重要的历史时代。 Nà shì yīgè fēicháng zhòngyào de lìshǐ shídài. That was a very important era in history. 时代变了，年轻人的想法也不一样了。 Shídài biàn le, niánqīngrén de xiǎngfǎ yě bù...
属性 (shǔxìng) — attribute, property
属性 (shǔxìng) 属性 refers to an inherent attribute or property that belongs to something as part of its nature, often used in philosophical, scientific, and technical contexts to describe what something fundamentally is or has. Meanings [noun] attribute, property, inherent quality [noun] (computing) attribute, parameter (of an object or element) Example Sentences 社会性是人类的基本属性之一。 Shèhuì xìng shì rénlèi de jīběn shǔxìng zhī yī. Sociality is one of the basic attributes of...
丰富 (fēngfù) — rich; abundant; to enrich
丰富 (fēngfù) 丰富 describes something that is plentiful or varied, and can also be used as a verb meaning to make something richer or more varied. Meanings [adjective] rich; abundant — having a large amount or great variety [verb] to enrich; to broaden — to make something more plentiful or varied Example Sentences 这里的文化生活很丰富。 Zhèlǐ de wénhuà shēnghuó hěn fēngfù. The cultural life here is very rich. 阅读能丰富我们的知识。 Yuèdú néng...
什么 (shénme) — what
什么 (shénme) The most versatile interrogative word in Chinese, used to ask "what" about anything: things, names, types, reasons, and more; it occupies the same sentence position as the noun it replaces. Meanings [pronoun] What (asking about identity or type of a thing). [determiner] What kind of (before a noun: 什么 + noun). [pronoun] Anything, whatever (in a negative or open-ended context). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What...
困难 (kùnnán) — difficult; trouble; hardship
困难 (kùnnán) 困难 describes something that is difficult or refers to a difficulty or hardship that one faces. Meanings [adjective] difficult, hard, or challenging [noun] a difficulty, problem, or hardship Example Sentences 学习一门新语言是困难的，但很有价值。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán shì kùnnán de, dàn hěn yǒu jiàzhí. Learning a new language is difficult but very worthwhile. 面对困难，我们不能轻易放弃。 Miàn duì kùnnán, wǒmen bù néng qīngyì fàngqì. When facing difficulties, we should not easily...
收益 (shōuyì) — revenue, profit, returns
收益 (shōuyì) A formal financial term referring to the returns, profits, or benefits gained from an investment, business activity, or project. Meanings [noun] revenue, profit, returns, earnings Example Sentences 这只基金去年的年化收益率达到了12%。 Zhè zhī jījīn qùnián de niánhuà shōuyì lǜ dádàole 12%. This fund achieved an annualized return rate of 12% last year. 企业的收益大幅增长，股东非常满意。 Qǐyè de shōuyì dàfú zēngzhǎng, gǔdōng fēicháng mǎnyì. The company's profits grew significantly, and shareholders are very satisfied....
股东 (gǔdōng) — shareholder; stockholder
股东 (gǔdōng) 股东 refers to a person or entity that holds shares in a company, giving them partial ownership and certain rights such as voting on company decisions and receiving dividends. It is the standard business and legal term for shareholder. Meanings [noun] shareholder; stockholder; equity holder Example Sentences 公司的重大决策需要经过股东大会的审议和批准。 Gōngsī de zhòngdà juécè xūyào jīngguò gǔdōng dàhuì de shěnyì hé pīzhǔn. Major decisions of a company need to be...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) A noun meaning money or cash. It is one of the most practical and frequently used nouns in everyday Chinese. The character belongs to the metal radical (钅), reflecting that coins were historically made of metal. Meanings [noun] Money, cash, currency. [noun] A specific amount of money (used in price discussions). Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I...