#vocabulary
护照 (hùzhào) — passport
护照 (hùzhào) 护照 means passport. It is the official travel document issued by a government that allows a person to travel internationally. 护 means to protect, and 照 means certificate or document. In Chinese bureaucratic and travel vocabulary, 护照 is one of the most essential words. Without it you cannot cross a border, check into many hotels, or board an international flight. Related documents include 签证 (visa) and 身份证 (national...
困难 (kùnnán) — difficult; trouble; hardship
困难 (kùnnán) 困难 describes something that is difficult or refers to a difficulty or hardship that one faces. Meanings [adjective] difficult, hard, or challenging [noun] a difficulty, problem, or hardship Example Sentences 学习一门新语言是困难的，但很有价值。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán shì kùnnán de, dàn hěn yǒu jiàzhí. Learning a new language is difficult but very worthwhile. 面对困难，我们不能轻易放弃。 Miàn duì kùnnán, wǒmen bù néng qīngyì fàngqì. When facing difficulties, we should not easily...
联系 (liánxì) — to contact / connection
联系 (liánxì) 联系 means both to contact someone (verb) and a connection or link between things (noun). It is one of the most versatile words for describing communication and relationships. Meanings [verb] To contact; to get in touch with; to reach out to. [noun] Connection; link; relationship; contact. Example Sentences 请你联系我们的客服部门。 Qǐng nǐ liánxì wǒmen de kèfú bùmén. Please contact our customer service department. 我们保持联系吧。 Wǒmen bǎochí liánxì ba. Let's...
引导 (yǐndǎo) — to guide; to lead; to direct
引导 (yǐndǎo) To guide or lead means to help direct someone's thinking, behavior, or movement toward a particular goal or along a particular path. Meanings [verb] to guide; to lead; to direct; to steer; to channel (people, thinking, or development) Example Sentences 老师善于引导学生独立思考，而不是直接给出答案。 Lǎoshī shànyú yǐndǎo xuéshēng dúlì sīkǎo, ér bù shì zhíjiē gěi chū dá'àn. The teacher is good at guiding students to think independently rather than giving answers...
冷静 (lěngjìng) — calm; cool-headed; composed
冷静 (lěngjìng) 冷静 describes the ability to stay calm, rational, and composed, especially under pressure or in an emotional situation. Meanings [adj] calm; cool-headed; composed; collected; not easily flustered Example Sentences 遇到紧急情况，要保持冷静。 Yù dào jǐnjí qíngkuàng, yào bǎochí lěngjìng. In an emergency, you must stay calm. 她很冷静地分析了整个问题。 Tā hěn lěngjìng de fēnxī le zhěnggè wèntí. She calmly analyzed the entire problem. 生气的时候最好先冷静一下，再说话。 Shēngqì de shíhou zuìhǎo xiān lěngjìng yīxià, zài...
制造 (zhìzào) — to manufacture; to produce
制造 (zhìzào) 制造 primarily means to manufacture or produce physical goods on a large or industrial scale, and figuratively can mean to fabricate or create (a false situation, tension, or problem). Meanings [verb] to manufacture; to produce; to make (especially industrially) [verb] to fabricate; to engineer (a situation, conflict, or false impression) Example Sentences 这家工厂专门制造汽车零部件。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng zhuānmén zhìzào qìchē líng bùjiàn. This factory specializes in manufacturing automobile parts....
代表 (dàibiǎo) — to represent; representative; delegation
代表 (dàibiǎo) 代表 can mean the act of representing (as a verb), a person who represents (as a noun), or a delegation or body of representatives. Meanings [verb] To represent, to stand for, to act on behalf of. [noun] A representative, a delegate. [noun] A delegation; a group of representatives. Example Sentences 她作为公司代表出席了本次国际贸易峰会。 Tā zuòwéi gōngsī dàibiǎo chūxí le běn cì guójì màoyì fēnghuì. She attended this international trade summit...
维护 (wéihù) — to maintain; to uphold; to defend
维护 (wéihù) 维护 means "to maintain," "to uphold," or "to defend" and is commonly used to describe protecting rights, interests, or relationships. Meanings [verb] to maintain; to keep in good condition [verb] to uphold; to defend; to protect (rights, interests, order) Example Sentences 我们要维护社会的稳定。 Wǒmen yào wéihù shèhuì de wěndìng. We must maintain social stability. 他努力维护自己的权利。 Tā nǔlì wéihù zìjǐ de quánlì. He works hard to defend his own rights....
苦 (kǔ) — bitter
苦 (kǔ) 苦 describes a bitter taste, as found in certain vegetables, medicines, or coffee. It is also widely used figuratively to mean hardship, suffering, or a difficult life. Meanings adjective bitter (having an unpleasant sharp taste; also difficult, painful, or hard in figurative use) Example Sentences 这种草药很苦，但对身体有益。 Zhè zhǒng cǎoyào hěn kǔ, dàn duì shēntǐ yǒuyì. This herbal medicine is very bitter, but it is good for your health....
特别 (tèbié) — Special, especially, particularly
特别 (tèbié) 特别 means special, extraordinary, or out of the ordinary as an adjective, and "especially" or "particularly" as an adverb emphasizing degree. Meanings [adj] special; extraordinary; unusual; out of the ordinary [adv] especially; particularly; in particular; very Example Sentences 今天是个特别的日子，我永远不会忘记。 Jīntiān shì gè tèbié de rìzi, wǒ yǒngyuǎn bù huì wàngjì. Today is a special day that I will never forget. 我特别喜欢在秋天去山里爬山。 Wǒ tèbié xǐhuān zài qiūtiān qù shānlǐ...
构建 (gòujiàn) — to construct, to build
构建 (gòujiàn) 构建 means to construct or build, particularly in a deliberate, planned, and often abstract sense. It is used for building systems, frameworks, theories, institutions, and relationships — not primarily for physical construction. The word implies intentional design and systematic building, making it common in policy discourse, academic writing, and development planning. Meanings [v] to construct; to build; to establish (a system, framework, or structure) [v] to create; to...
医疗 (yīliáo) — medical care, healthcare
医疗 (yīliáo) 医疗 refers to the organized system of medical treatment, care, and health services provided by healthcare professionals and institutions. Meanings [noun] medical care, healthcare, medical treatment [adjective] medical (as a modifier in compound terms) Example Sentences 政府承诺提高农村地区的医疗服务水平。 Zhèngfǔ chéngnuò tígāo nóngcūn dìqū de yīliáo fúwù shuǐpíng. The government pledged to improve the level of medical services in rural areas. 先进的医疗技术使许多过去无法治愈的疾病变得可控。 Xiānjìn de yīliáo jìshù shǐ xǔduō guòqù wúfǎ...
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) — walk over here
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) 走过来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 走 (to walk) is the base verb; 过来 (come over / toward the speaker) is the directional complement indicating movement toward the person speaking. Contrast with 走过去 (walk over there, away from the speaker). Structure 走 (walk) + 过来 (directional complement: come this way) = walk toward the speaker. Other base verbs with 过来: 跑过来 (run over here),...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear / clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) 清楚 means clear, distinct, or clearly understood. It describes something that is easy to perceive or understand, whether a sound, image, explanation, or situation. It can also mean to be clear about something as a verb. Its opposite is 模糊 (blurry, vague). Meanings [adjective] Clear; distinct; easy to perceive or understand. [verb] To be clear about; to understand clearly. Example Sentences 你说得不清楚，再说一遍。 Nǐ shuō de bù qīngchu, zài...
感谢 (gǎnxiè) — to thank
感谢 (gǎnxiè) 感谢 means to thank someone or feel gratitude. It is more formal and heartfelt than the everyday 谢谢 (xièxiè), and is commonly used in speeches, letters, and sincere expressions of appreciation. Meanings [verb] To thank; to express gratitude toward. [noun] Gratitude; thanks. Example Sentences 我非常感谢你的帮助。 Wǒ fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐ de bāngzhù. I'm very grateful for your help. 感谢大家的支持！ Gǎnxiè dàjiā de zhīchí! Thank you all for your support!...
缝合 (féngé) — to suture, to stitch up
缝合 (féngé) 缝合 is the technical surgical term for suturing — the process of closing wounds, incisions, or anatomical structures using suture material, staples, or other closure devices. At C2 level, it encompasses both the mechanical act and the clinical judgment involved in selecting suture technique, material type, and layer-by-layer closure strategy. It appears in operative reports, surgical training curricula, and wound management protocols. Meanings verb to suture; to close...
菜 (cài) — dish / vegetable
菜 (cài) 菜 is a broad word covering both dishes of food (cooked) and vegetables (raw produce). As a dish it means any course served at a meal. As a vegetable it is the general everyday term. For the specific category of vegetables, 蔬菜 is more precise. Meanings [noun] Dish; course; a prepared food item served at a meal. [noun] Vegetable; greens; produce (general and colloquial). Example Sentences 这道菜真好吃！ Zhè...
实际 (shíjì) — practical; actual; realistic
实际 (shíjì) 实际 means practical, actual, or realistic, referring to what is real and concrete rather than theoretical or idealistic. As a noun it means "reality" or "actual conditions." It is commonly used to contrast what is ideal with what is actually happening. Meanings [adjective] Practical; actual; realistic; concrete. [noun] Reality; actual conditions; practice. Example Sentences 计划听起来不错，但实际上执行起来面临很多困难。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, dàn shíjì shàng zhíxíng qǐlái miànlín hěn duō kùnnán....
所以 (suǒyǐ) — therefore; so
所以 (suǒyǐ) 所以 is a conjunction meaning "therefore," "so," or "as a result" -- it introduces a conclusion or consequence based on a reason given earlier. Meanings [conjunction] therefore; so; as a result; that is why Example Sentences 他生病了，所以没来上班。 Tā shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ méi lái shàngbān. He was sick, so he didn't come to work. 因为下雨，所以我们取消了比赛。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen qǔxiāole bǐsài. Because it was raining, we cancelled the...
女儿 (nǚ'ér) — daughter
女儿 (nǚ'ér) 女儿 means daughter, a female child. 女 means "female/woman" and 儿 means "child/son," combining to mean "female child." Meanings [noun] Daughter, female child. Example Sentences 他们的女儿很聪明。 Tāmen de nǚ'ér hěn cōngmíng. Their daughter is very smart. 我女儿喜欢画画。 Wǒ nǚ'ér xǐhuān huàhuà. My daughter likes to draw. 你有女儿吗？ Nǐ yǒu nǚ'ér ma? Do you have a daughter? 女儿是爸爸的小棉袄。 Nǚ'ér shì bàba de xiǎo mián'ǎo. A daughter is her father's...
放下 (fàngxia) — to put down / let go
放下 (fàngxia) 放下 means to put down or set something down. It is also used figuratively to mean letting go of a burden, worry, or grudge. 放 means to release or place, and 下 indicates a downward direction. Meanings [verb] To put down; to set down (physically place something on a surface). [verb] To let go of; to stop holding onto (a feeling, worry, or attachment). Example Sentences 请把手机放下，认真听课。 Qǐng...
公正 (gōngzhèng) — just, impartial
公正 (gōngzhèng) 公正 refers to impartial and morally upright conduct, especially in making judgments or decisions, free from personal bias or favoritism. Meanings [adjective] just, impartial, fair-minded, unbiased [noun] justice, impartiality Example Sentences 法官必须保持公正，不受任何外部压力的干扰。 Fǎguān bìxū bǎochí gōngzhèng, bù shòu rènhé wàibù yālì de gānrǎo. A judge must remain impartial and not be influenced by any external pressure. 历史将以公正的眼光评价这位领导人的功过。 Lìshǐ jiāng yǐ gōngzhèng de yǎnguāng píngjià zhè wèi lǐngdǎorén de...
昨天 (zuótiān) — yesterday
昨天 (zuótiān) 昨天 means yesterday, the day before today. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb as a time expression. Meanings [noun/adverb] Yesterday, the previous day. Example Sentences 昨天我去了图书馆。 Zuótiān wǒ qù le túshūguǎn. Yesterday I went to the library. 她昨天没有来上课。 Tā zuótiān méiyǒu lái shàngkè. She did not come to class yesterday. 你昨天晚上做什么了？ Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang zuò shénme le? What did you do...
热情 (rèqíng) — enthusiasm, warmth
热情 (rèqíng) 热情 describes a warm, enthusiastic attitude toward people or activities, and is one of the highest compliments you can give someone's personality in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] enthusiastic, warm, passionate [noun] enthusiasm, warmth, passion Example Sentences 她对工作非常热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò fēicháng rèqíng. She is very enthusiastic about her work. 他热情地欢迎了每一位客人。 Tā rèqíng de huānyíng le měi yī wèi kèrén. He warmly welcomed every guest. 老师的热情影响了全班同学。 Lǎoshī de rèqíng yǐngxiǎng...
倒 (dào) — on the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly
倒 (dào) 倒 (in the neutral or falling tone, dào, distinct from 倒 dǎo "to fall/pour") is a concessive or contrastive adverb. It signals that what actually happens is the reverse of, or contrary to, what was expected. It can carry a tone of mild surprise, irony, or gentle pushback. Meanings [adverb] On the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly — contrasts reality with expectation, often with a slight air of irony...
收集 (shōují) — Collect
收集 (shōují) 收集 means to gather or collect things, whether physical objects, data, or information. Meanings [verb] to collect; to gather; to compile Example Sentences 研究人员收集了大量的数据进行分析。 Yánjiū rényuán shōujíle dàliàng de shùjù jìnxíng fēnxī. Researchers collected a large amount of data for analysis. 他从小就喜欢收集邮票。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù xǐhuān shōují yóupiào. He has enjoyed collecting stamps since he was young. 我们需要收集更多的证据才能做出判断。 Wǒmen xūyào shōují gèng duō de zhèngjù cái néng...
机制 (jīzhì) — mechanism, system
机制 (jīzhì) 机制 refers to the underlying mechanism, process, or systemic arrangement by which something operates, emphasizing the functional and dynamic aspect of how a system works. Meanings [noun] mechanism, operational process (of a system or institution) [noun] a systemic arrangement or procedure that produces a particular outcome Example Sentences 科学家仍在探索这种疾病的发病机制。 Kēxuéjiā réng zài tànsuǒ zhè zhǒng jíbìng de fābìng jīzhì. Scientists are still exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of this...
而且 (érqiě) — moreover
而且 (érqiě) 而且 adds a further point to what was just said, often strengthening or extending the previous statement. It is commonly paired with 不但 (búdàn — not only) to form the "not only... but also..." pattern. Meanings [conjunction] Moreover; furthermore; in addition; and also; what's more. Example Sentences 他聪明，而且很努力。 Tā cōngming, érqiě hěn nǔlì. He is smart and also very hardworking. 这本书不但好看，而且有用。 Zhè běn shū búdàn hǎokàn, érqiě yǒuyòng....
中心 (zhōngxīn) — center / core
中心 (zhōngxīn) Refers to the center point of a place or the core focus of a topic or activity. Meanings [noun] Center, the middle point of a space or area. [noun] Core, the main focus or hub of something. Example Sentences 购物中心在城市的中心。 Gòuwù zhōngxīn zài chéngshì de zhōngxīn. The shopping center is in the center of the city. 北京是中国的政治中心。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó de zhèngzhì zhōngxīn. Beijing is the political center...
机遇 (jīyù) — opportunity, chance
机遇 (jīyù) A favorable window of opportunity that arises from external circumstances -- more formal and weighty than 机会, often implying a historically significant or rare chance. Meanings [noun] opportunity, chance, favorable juncture Example Sentences 全球化为发展中国家提供了前所未有的发展机遇。 Quánqiú huà wèi fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā tígōngle qián suǒ wèi yǒu de fāzhǎn jīyù. Globalization has provided developing countries with unprecedented development opportunities. 他抓住了这次千载难逢的机遇，一举成名。 Tā zhuāzhùle zhè cì qiān zài nán féng de jīyù,...
和 (hé) — and; with
和 (hé) 和 is a conjunction meaning "and" or "with." It links nouns, pronouns, and noun phrases together. Meanings [conjunction] And (connecting two nouns or noun phrases). [preposition] With; together with (indicating accompaniment or relationship). Example Sentences 我和你一起去。 Wǒ hé nǐ yīqǐ qù. I will go together with you. 桌子上有书和笔。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu shū hé bǐ. There are books and pens on the table. 他和我是朋友。 Tā hé wǒ shì péngyou....
件 (jiàn) — measure word for clothing and matters
件 (jiàn) A measure word used for individual items of clothing (typically upper-body garments) and for matters or events. 件 is one of the most important clothing classifiers. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for garments, especially tops, jackets, and shirts. [measure word] Classifier for matters, affairs, or events. What 件 counts 件 is used with: 衣服 (yīfu): clothing — 一件衣服 (one item of clothing) 上衣 (shàngyī): top/jacket — 一件上衣 (one top)...
拒绝 (jùjué) — to refuse / reject
拒绝 (jùjué) 拒绝 means to refuse, reject, or decline. It expresses a firm unwillingness to accept or do something. It is more direct and stronger than 不要 (do not want), often used for formal refusals or deliberate rejection. Its natural antonym is 接受 (to accept). Together, 接受 and 拒绝 cover the two fundamental responses to any offer, request, or proposal. Meanings [verb] To refuse; to reject; to decline a request,...
有效 (yǒuxiào) — effective; valid; efficacious
有效 (yǒuxiào) 有效 describes something that produces the desired result or is legally in force. Meanings [adjective] Effective; producing the intended result. [adjective] Valid; legally or officially in force. Example Sentences 这种方法非常有效。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ fēicháng yǒuxiào. This method is very effective. 你的护照还有效吗？ Nǐ de hùzhào hái yǒuxiào ma? Is your passport still valid? 这个药对感冒很有效。 Zhège yào duì gǎnmào hěn yǒuxiào. This medicine is very effective against colds. 签证的有效期是三个月。 Qiānzhèng...
再 (zài) — again (future)
再 (zài) 再 is an adverb meaning "again" with a future-oriented sense. It refers to doing something one more time, either as a plan, request, or possibility. Meanings [adverb] Again, once more (referring to a future or hypothetical repetition). [adverb] Then, and then (connecting sequential future actions). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it one more time. 我明天再来。 Wǒ míngtiān zài lái. I will come again...
差 (chā / chà) — difference / poor
差 (chā / chà) 差 has two important readings at this level. As chā it is a noun meaning difference or gap (as in 差距, gap, or 差别, difference). As chà it is an adjective meaning poor quality, not good enough, or lacking. Context and collocations determine which reading to use. Meanings [noun, chā] Difference; gap; discrepancy. [adjective, chà] Poor; bad; not up to standard; lacking. Example Sentences 两个数之间的差是多少？ Liǎng...
还是 (háishì) — or (in questions)
还是 (háishì) 还是 is used to present two alternatives in a question, asking which one applies. This is a KEY learner confusion: 还是 belongs in questions, while 或者 (huòzhě) belongs in statements. Never swap them. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in questions offering a choice between A and B). [adverb] Still, nevertheless (in a different usage: 还是来吧, "you should still come"). Example Sentences 你喝茶还是咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì kāfēi? Do you...
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) — to complicate; to become complicated
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) 复杂化 means to make something more complex or to cause a situation to become more complicated, often implying an undesirable increase in difficulty or intricacy. Meanings [verb] to complicate; to make complex; to become more complicated Example Sentences 他的介入反而使局势更加复杂化了。 Tā de jièrù fǎn'ér shǐ júshì gèngjiā fùzáhuà le. His intervention actually made the situation even more complicated. 不必要的繁文缛节只会使事情复杂化。 Bùbìyào de fánwén rùjié zhǐ huì shǐ shìqing fùzáhuà. Unnecessary...
幸福 (xìngfú) — happiness; happy; blessed
幸福 (xìngfú) 幸福 expresses a deep, lasting sense of well-being and contentment, going beyond momentary happiness to describe a fulfilled life. Meanings [noun/adj] happiness; a happy and blessed state; deep contentment; feeling fortunate and fulfilled Example Sentences 和家人在一起，我感到很幸福。 Hé jiārén zài yīqǐ, wǒ gǎndào hěn xìngfú. Being together with family, I feel very happy and blessed. 幸福不是靠钱买来的。 Xìngfú bù shì kào qián mǎi lái de. Happiness cannot be bought with...
顺利 (shùnlì) — smooth / successful
顺利 (shùnlì) 顺利 describes a process or event that goes smoothly and without unexpected obstacles. It is a positive assessment meaning everything went as planned. Meanings [adjective] Smooth; successful; without a hitch; going well. Example Sentences 旅行很顺利，没有任何问题。 Lǚxíng hěn shùnlì, méiyǒu rènhé wèntí. The trip went very smoothly; there were no problems at all. 希望你的考试顺利！ Xīwàng nǐ de kǎoshì shùnlì! I hope your exam goes smoothly! 一切进行得非常顺利。 Yīqiè jìnxíng de...
修辞 (xiūcí) — rhetoric, rhetorical device
修辞 (xiūcí) 修辞 covers both the broad art of rhetoric (using language effectively and persuasively) and specific rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism, and personification. In Chinese language arts education, 修辞 is a core curriculum topic. It is more technical than simply saying "figures of speech" and implies a systematic study of how language choices affect meaning and impact. Meanings [n] rhetoric; the art of effective language use; a rhetorical...
困惑 (kùnhuò) — confused; perplexed
困惑 (kùnhuò) 困惑 describes the state of being confused, perplexed, or baffled -- unable to understand or make sense of something, often with a sense of mental struggle. Meanings [adjective] confused; perplexed; puzzled; baffled [verb] to confuse; to perplex; to baffle Example Sentences 他对这个问题感到十分困惑。 Tā duì zhège wèntí gǎndào shífēn kùnhuò. He felt very confused about this question. 她的突然离开让所有人都感到困惑不解。 Tā de tūrán líkāi ràng suǒyǒu rén dōu gǎndào kùnhuò bùjiě....
中文 (Zhōngwén) — Chinese (written/general)
中文 (Zhōngwén) The Chinese language, with an emphasis on the written form or the language in general. 中 means "Chinese" (as in China) and 文 means "writing," "text," or "language." Compare with 汉语 (Hànyǔ), which focuses more on spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language, written Chinese. The language of China, often used when referring to Chinese text, books, or general language ability. Example Sentences 这本书是中文的。 Zhè běn shū shì Zhōngwén...
开发 (kāifā) — to develop; to exploit
开发 (kāifā) 开发 means to develop resources, land, technology, or products, with an emphasis on bringing something new into active use or creating new value from existing potential. Meanings [verb] to develop; to open up (resources, land, or potential) [verb] to develop (software, products, technology) Example Sentences 公司正在开发一款新的移动应用程序。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāifā yī kuǎn xīn de yídòng yìngyòng chéngxù. The company is developing a new mobile application. 政府计划开发西部地区的矿产资源。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà kāifā...
故事 (gùshi) — story
故事 (gùshi) 故事 refers to a story or tale, whether fictional or true, short or long, told aloud or written down. Meanings [noun] story; tale; narrative [noun] plot (of a book or film) Example Sentences 爷爷每晚给我讲故事。 Yéye měi wǎn gěi wǒ jiǎng gùshi. Grandpa tells me a story every night. 这个故事很有趣，我很喜欢。 Zhège gùshi hěn yǒuqù, wǒ hěn xǐhuān. This story is very interesting; I like it a lot. 她把自己的故事写成了一本书。 Tā...
权利 (quánlì) — right, entitlement
权利 (quánlì) 权利 refers to a right or entitlement that a person holds, whether legal, civil, or human. It is distinct from 权力 (quánlì with a different character), which means "power or authority." Meanings n right, entitlement, legal right Example Sentences 每个人都有受教育的权利。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu shòu jiàoyù de quánlì. Everyone has the right to receive education. 公民的基本权利受到法律的保护。 Gōngmín de jīběn quánlì shòudào fǎlǜ de bǎohù. Citizens' basic rights...
工具 (gōngjù) — tool; instrument
工具 (gōngjù) 工具 refers to any physical or abstract tool used to get work done, from a hammer to a language. Meanings [noun] tool; instrument; implement [noun] means; vehicle (for achieving something) Example Sentences 这个工具箱里有很多工具。 Zhège gōngjùxiāng lǐ yǒu hěn duō gōngjù. There are many tools in this toolbox. 语言是人类交流的重要工具。 Yǔyán shì rénlèi jiāoliú de zhòngyào gōngjù. Language is an important tool for human communication. 他用工具把椅子修好了。 Tā yòng gōngjù bǎ...
男 (nán) — male, man
男 (nán) 男 means male or man. It is used as an adjective before nouns (男生, 男朋友) or as a noun referring to a male person. Its opposite is 女 (nǚ), female. Meanings [adjective] Male. [noun] A man, a boy. Example Sentences 他是一个男生。 Tā shì yīgè nánshēng. He is a male student / a boy. 男厕所在右边。 Nán cèsuǒ zài yòubiān. The men's restroom is on the right. 她有一个男朋友。 Tā yǒu...
风险 (fēngxiǎn) — risk
风险 (fēngxiǎn) 风险 refers to risk or the possibility of something going wrong, particularly in business, health, or decision-making. Meanings [noun] risk; danger; hazard; potential loss Example Sentences 投资有风险，决策需谨慎。 Tóuzī yǒu fēngxiǎn, juécè xū jǐnshèn. Investment involves risks; decisions must be made carefully. 医生提醒病人手术存在一定的风险。 Yīshēng tíxǐng bìngrén shǒushù cúnzài yīdìng de fēngxiǎn. The doctor reminded the patient that surgery carries certain risks. 创业者要学会承担风险。 Chuàngyèzhě yào xuéhuì chéngdān fēngxiǎn. Entrepreneurs need...
体制 (tǐzhì) — system, institutional structure
体制 (tǐzhì) 体制 refers to the overarching institutional structure or organizational system, especially in the context of government, political, or large-scale social organization, often implying the fundamental framework within which institutions operate. Meanings [noun] system, institutional structure (especially political or administrative) [noun] system of organization or governance at a macro level Example Sentences 改革开放以来，中国的经济体制发生了根本性变化。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, Zhōngguó de jīngjì tǐzhì fāshēng le gēnběn xìng biànhuà. Since reform and opening...
日 (rì) — day; sun
日 (rì) The word for both "day" and "sun"; in dates, 日 is the formal written form for a day of the month (especially in official documents), while 号 (hào) is the colloquial spoken equivalent. Both mean the same thing in dates. Meanings [noun] Day (of the month, formal: 三月十日 = March 10th). [noun] Sun (the celestial body; in compounds: 日出 = sunrise, 日落 = sunset). [noun] Day, daytime (in...
迷惑 (míhuò) — to confuse; to bewilder; confused
迷惑 (míhuò) 迷惑 describes either the act of deceiving or bewildering someone, or the state of being confused and disoriented, and is used in both psychological and social contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to confuse; to mislead; to bewilder; to deceive [adjective] confused; bewildered; disoriented Example Sentences 虚假广告常常迷惑消费者，让他们做出错误的购买决定。 Xūjiǎ guǎnggào chángcháng míhuò xiāofèizhě, ràng tāmen zuòchū cuòwù de gòumǎi juédìng. False advertising often confuses consumers and leads them to...
举 (jǔ) — to lift / to raise / to cite
举 (jǔ) A verb meaning to lift, raise, or hold up something, and also to give or cite an example. Meanings [verb] To lift, to raise, to hold up. [verb] To give (an example), to cite, to name. Example Sentences 请举手回答问题。 Qǐng jǔ shǒu huídá wèntí. Please raise your hand to answer the question. 老师举了一个很好的例子。 Lǎoshī jǔ le yīgè hěn hǎo de lìzi. The teacher gave a very good example....
学习 (xuéxí) — to study; to learn
学习 (xuéxí) 学习 is a fundamental Chinese verb meaning to study or learn, referring to the active process of acquiring knowledge, skills, or understanding. Meanings [verb] to study; to learn; to pursue knowledge [noun] study; learning; the act of learning Example Sentences 她每天花两个小时学习中文。 Tā měitiān huā liǎng gè xiǎoshí xuéxí zhōngwén. She spends two hours every day studying Chinese. 学习一门新技能需要时间和耐心。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn jìnéng xūyào shíjiān hé nàixīn. Learning...
制约 (zhìyuē) — to constrain, to restrict
制约 (zhìyuē) 制约 refers to the limiting or constraining of something's development, action, or scope, especially through systemic, structural, or environmental factors. Meanings [verb] to constrain, to restrict, to check (especially through rules, systems, or conditions) [noun] constraint, restriction, check Example Sentences 资金不足是制约这家初创公司发展的主要因素。 Zījīn bùzú shì zhìyuē zhè jiā chūchuàng gōngsī fāzhǎn de zhǔyào yīnsù. Insufficient funding is the main factor constraining the development of this startup. 权力需要受到有效的制约，才能防止腐败的发生。 Quánlì xūyào...
措施 (cuòshī) — measure; step; action
措施 (cuòshī) 措施 refers to a concrete action, step, or measure deliberately taken to address a problem or achieve an objective. Meanings [noun] Measure; step; action; countermeasure. Example Sentences 政府采取了有效的措施控制污染。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔle yǒuxiào de cuòshī kòngzhì wūrǎn. The government took effective measures to control pollution. 我们需要立即采取行动，否则问题会更严重。 Wǒmen xūyào lìjí cǎiqǔ cuòshī, fǒuzé wèntí huì gèng yánzhòng. We need to take measures immediately, or the problem will get worse. 学校制定了一系列安全措施。 Xuéxiào...
物联网 (wù lián wǎng) — Internet of Things (IoT)
物联网 (wù lián wǎng) 物联网 refers to the Internet of Things (IoT) -- the vast network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data over the internet. Meanings [noun] Internet of Things (IoT); the network connecting physical objects via the internet Example Sentences 物联网技术正在改变人们的日常生活和工业生产方式。 Wù lián wǎng jìshù zhèngzài gǎibiàn rénmen de rìcháng shēnghuó hé gōngyè shēngchǎn fāngshì. Internet of Things...
失望 (shīwàng) — disappointed; to lose hope
失望 (shīwàng) 失望 describes the feeling when reality falls short of expectations, literally "to lose one's hope." Meanings [adj/verb] disappointed; to lose hope; to feel let down Example Sentences 他没有通过考试，父母很失望。 Tā méiyǒu tōngguò kǎoshì, fùmǔ hěn shīwàng. He did not pass the exam and his parents were very disappointed. 别让我失望，我相信你能做到。 Bié ràng wǒ shīwàng, wǒ xiāngxìn nǐ néng zuò dào. Don't disappoint me, I believe you can do it. 我对那部电影感到有点失望。...
嘴 (zuǐ) — mouth
嘴 (zuǐ) 嘴 means mouth. It refers to the physical mouth including the lips, and appears in many idiomatic expressions about speaking, eating, and character. It is one of the body part words that also has figurative uses in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Mouth; lips. [noun] Mouth as in beak, spout, or any opening shaped like a mouth. Example Sentences 他嘴里含着糖。 Tā zuǐ lǐ hán zhe táng. He has candy...
总结 (zǒngjié) — summary / to summarize
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means both a summary and the act of summarizing. As a verb it means to sum up or draw conclusions. As a noun it refers to a summary, wrap-up, or conclusion. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] To summarize; to sum up; to draw a conclusion. [noun] A summary; a conclusion; a wrap-up. Example Sentences 请总结一下今天学的内容。 Qǐng zǒngjié yīxià jīntiān xué de...
促使 (cùshǐ) — to prompt; to cause; to drive
促使 (cùshǐ) 促使 means to cause or prompt a person, organization, or situation to take action or undergo change, emphasizing the motivating or driving force behind an action or development. Meanings [verb] to prompt; to cause; to drive; to motivate (to make someone or something act or change) Example Sentences 市场竞争的加剧促使企业不得不加大技术创新的投入。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng de jiājù cùshǐ qǐyè bùdébù jiādà jìshù chuàngxīn de tóurù. The intensification of market competition has prompted...
展现 (zhǎnxiàn) — to display; to unfold
展现 (zhǎnxiàn) 展现 means to present or display something before others, especially in a way that allows its full scope or beauty to be seen, and is widely used in descriptive, artistic, and formal contexts. Meanings [verb] to display; to present; to bring into full view [verb] to unfold; to reveal gradually (a scene, quality, or situation) Example Sentences 这部纪录片展现了西藏的壮丽自然风光。 Zhè bù jìlùpiàn zhǎnxiànle Xīzàng de zhuànglì zìrán fēngguāng. This...
比 (bǐ) — than; to compare
比 (bǐ) 比 is the core comparison word in Chinese. The standard structure is A + 比 + B + adjective, meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." A key rule: you cannot add 更 (gèng) or 非常 (fēicháng) after the adjective in the same sentence with 比. Use a specific amount or simply the plain adjective instead. Meanings [preposition] Than. Introduces the second term in a comparison. [verb] To...
因而 (yīn'ér) — and therefore; thus
因而 (yīn'ér) 因而 is a formal causal conjunction meaning "and therefore" or "thus," used to connect a cause with its effect or consequence in written and formal Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] and therefore; thus; and as a result; consequently Example Sentences 这项技术尚不成熟，因而无法大规模推广。 Zhè xiàng jìshù shàng bù chéngshú, yīn'ér wúfǎ dà guīmó tuīguǎng. This technology is not yet mature; therefore, it cannot be promoted on a large scale. 他没有足够的证据，因而败诉。 Tā méiyǒu...
汤 (tāng) — soup
汤 (tāng) 汤 means soup or broth. It refers to any hot liquid dish made by simmering ingredients. Soup is a fundamental part of Chinese meals. The character has the water radical (氵) on the left, reflecting its liquid nature. Meanings [noun] Soup; broth; a hot liquid dish. Example Sentences 妈妈今天做了一锅鸡汤。 Māma jīntiān zuò le yī guō jītāng. Mom made a pot of chicken soup today. 天冷的时候喝汤很暖和。 Tiān lěng de...
毕业 (bìyè) — to graduate; graduation
毕业 (bìyè) 毕业 means to graduate or finish a course of study, marking the completion of formal education at a school or university. Meanings [verb] to graduate; to complete a course of study [noun] graduation; the act of completing one's studies Example Sentences 她去年从大学毕业了。 Tā qùnián cóng dàxué bìyè le. She graduated from university last year. 毕业以后，他找到了一份好工作。 Bìyè yǐhòu, tā zhǎodào le yī fèn hǎo gōngzuò. After graduating, he found...
高 (gāo) — tall / high
高 (gāo) An adjective meaning "tall" or "high." It describes both physical height (of a person or building) and elevated level or degree (high score, high price). Its antonym is 矮 (ǎi), meaning "short" (in height). Meanings [adjective] Tall, high (in physical height). [adjective] High (in level, score, degree, or quality). Example Sentences 他很高，有一米八。 Tā hěn gāo, yǒu yī mǐ bā. He is very tall, 1.8 meters. 这座楼很高。 Zhè zuò...
换 (huàn) — to exchange
换 (huàn) 换 means to swap, exchange, or replace. It involves a transaction or substitution where one thing takes the place of another — changing money, clothes, seats, or even jobs. Meanings [verb] To change; to exchange; to replace; to swap. Example Sentences 我想换一件衣服。 Wǒ xiǎng huàn yī jiàn yīfu. I want to change my clothes. 能帮我换一下座位吗？ Néng bāng wǒ huàn yīxià zuòwèi ma? Can you help me switch seats?...
得到 (dédào) — to get; to obtain; to receive
得到 (dédào) 得到 is a resultative verb meaning "to get" or "to obtain." The 到 suffix indicates successful completion — the getting actually happened. It is used for obtaining tangible objects, intangible rewards, information, and abstract things like support or recognition. Meanings [verb] To get; to obtain; to receive; to achieve — successfully acquire something concrete or abstract. Example Sentences 他终于得到了他梦寐以求的工作。 Tā zhōngyú dédào le tā mèngmèiyǐqiú de gōngzuò. He...
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited and passed down through generations. As an adjective it means "traditional." It carries a generally positive connotation of cultural continuity, though it can also imply something outdated in certain contexts. Meanings [noun] Tradition; convention; heritage. [adjective] Traditional; conventional; classic. Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日，有着几千年的历史。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì, yǒuzhe jǐ qiān nián de lìshǐ. The...
包容的 (bāoróng de) — inclusive, tolerant
包容的 (bāoróng de) 包容的 describes an attitude, environment, or system that welcomes and accepts diversity -- whether of people, ideas, or backgrounds. It conveys both tolerance and active openness, and is central to discussions of social cohesion and multiculturalism. Meanings [adj] inclusive; tolerant; accepting of diversity; open-minded Example Sentences 包容的社会能够接纳不同背景的人共同生活。 Bāoróng de shèhuì nénggòu jiēnà bùtóng bèijǐng de rén gòngtóng shēnghuó. An inclusive society can accommodate people from different backgrounds...
架构 (jiàgòu) — framework; to structure
架构 (jiàgòu) 架构 refers to a framework or the structural design of something — the way its components are organized and interconnected. As a verb, it means to build or design a framework. It is widely used in technology (software architecture), business (organizational structure), and academic discourse (theoretical framework). It emphasizes the structural skeleton that holds a system together. Meanings [n] framework; architecture; structural design [v] to structure; to design...
依据 (yījù) — basis; according to; based on
依据 (yījù) 依据 means the basis, grounds, or evidence on which something is based, and as a preposition it means "according to" or "based on," commonly used in legal, academic, and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] basis; grounds; evidence; justification (the foundation or reason for something) [preposition] according to; based on; in accordance with Example Sentences 法院依据现有证据作出了有罪判决，被告对此提出了上诉。 Fǎyuàn yījù xiànyǒu zhèngjù zuòchūle yǒuzuì pànjué, bèigào duì cǐ tíchūle shàngsù. The court...
整合 (zhěnghé) — to integrate, to consolidate
整合 (zhěnghé) 整合 means to integrate or consolidate — to bring together separate, possibly diverse elements and combine them into a unified, coherent whole. It implies more than just gathering; it suggests reorganizing and optimizing the combined result. It is widely used in business (mergers), education (curriculum integration), and policy (resource consolidation). Meanings [v] to integrate; to consolidate; to merge into a unified whole [v] to reorganize and optimize by...
分裂 (fēnliè) — to split, to divide, division
分裂 (fēnliè) 分裂 describes the act of splitting, dividing, or breaking apart -- whether a physical substance, a political entity, a social group, or a personal relationship. Meanings [verb] to split, to divide, to break apart [noun] division, schism, split Example Sentences 党内的分裂严重削弱了这个政党的执政能力。 Dǎng nèi de fēnliè yánzhòng xuēruò le zhège zhèngdǎng de zhízhèng nénglì. The split within the party seriously weakened this political party's governing capacity. 他们担心这场争论会导致组织内部的分裂。 Tāmen dānxīn...
视角 (shìjiǎo) — perspective, point of view
视角 (shìjiǎo) 视角 literally means "viewing angle" and is used both literally (the angle of a camera lens) and figuratively (a perspective or standpoint). In literary and critical contexts it translates as "point of view" or "narrative perspective." It is more visual and spatial in connotation than 观点 (guāndiǎn), which focuses on opinion, or 立场 (lìchǎng), which emphasizes position or stance. Meanings [n] perspective; point of view; angle of vision...
当时 (dāngshí) — at that time; then; at the time
当时 (dāngshí) 当时 refers to a specific moment in the past that has already been mentioned or is understood from context, meaning "at that time" or "back then." Meanings [adverb] At that time; then; at the time (refers to a past moment in context). [noun] That time; that moment (used as a time noun). Example Sentences 我当时不知道他已经离开了。 Wǒ dāngshí bù zhīdào tā yǐjīng líkāi le. At that time, I did...
右边 (yòubiān) — right side; to the right
右边 (yòubiān) 右边 is a direction noun meaning "the right side." Use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 右边 to express location. It pairs naturally with 左边 (left side) when giving directions or describing spatial layouts. For turning, use 向右 or 往右走. Meanings [n] Right side; the right — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the right — used with 在 to place objects in...
急救 (jíjiù) — first aid; emergency rescue
急救 (jíjiù) 急救 refers to immediate emergency medical treatment given to a person who is injured or suddenly ill before professional help arrives, as well as the broader practice of emergency rescue. Meanings [noun] first aid; emergency rescue; emergency treatment [verb] to give first aid; to perform emergency rescue Example Sentences 每个人都应该掌握基本的急救知识，以便在紧急情况下能及时帮助他人。 Měi gè rén dōu yīnggāi zhǎngwò jīběn de jíjiù zhīshì, yǐbiàn zài jǐnjí qíngkuàng xià néng jíshí bāngzhù...
地图 (dìtú) — map
地图 (dìtú) 地图 is the word for a map — any visual representation of geographic or spatial information used to find locations or navigate. Meanings [noun] Map. Example Sentences 我找不到路，需要看地图。 Wǒ zhǎo bu dào lù, xūyào kàn dìtú. I can't find the way; I need to look at the map. 手机上有地图应用，很方便。 Shǒujī shàng yǒu dìtú yìngyòng, hěn fāngbiàn. There are map apps on the phone; very convenient. 请在地图上指出这个地方。 Qǐng zài...
正式 (zhèngshì) — formal; official; proper
正式 (zhèngshì) 正式 means formal, official, or proper, describing something done according to official procedures or in a formal setting. Meanings [adjective] formal; official; done in accordance with proper or established procedures Example Sentences 请穿正式的服装参加面试。 Qǐng chuān zhèngshì de fúzhuāng cānjiā miànshì. Please wear formal attire for the interview. 公司正式宣布了新计划。 Gōngsī zhèngshì xuānbù le xīn jìhuà. The company officially announced the new plan. 这是一次正式的外交会议。 Zhè shì yī cì zhèngshì de...
包子 (bāozi) — steamed bun
包子 (bāozi) 包子 is a steamed bun with a filling, one of the most common breakfast foods in China. The filling can be pork, vegetables, or sweet bean paste. Meanings [noun] Steamed stuffed bun (a classic Chinese breakfast item). Example Sentences 早上我吃了两个包子。 Zǎoshang wǒ chī le liǎng gè bāozi. I ate two steamed buns in the morning. 这家店的包子很好吃。 Zhè jiā diàn de bāozi hěn hǎochī. The steamed buns from this...
坏 (huài) — bad, broken, spoiled
坏 (huài) 坏 means bad, broken, or spoiled. It is the opposite of 好 (hǎo). It can describe a person's character, the quality of something, or a physical object that has stopped working or gone off. Meanings [adjective] Bad, wicked (character or quality). [adjective] Broken, out of order, spoiled (physical state). Example Sentences 这个苹果坏了，不能吃。 Zhège píngguǒ huài le, bù néng chī. This apple has gone bad, you can't eat it....
含义 (hányì) — meaning, connotation
含义 (hányì) 含义 refers to the meaning or significance that is contained within or implied by a word, phrase, action, or symbol — often with a sense of depth or layers not immediately obvious. It is slightly more abstract and literary than 意思 and tends to appear in critical analysis, literary commentary, and philosophical writing. Meanings [n] meaning, sense, significance (especially implicit or layered) [n] connotation, implication (what something suggests...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) 名字 refers to the name of a person or thing, typically the given name or full name used to identify someone. Meanings [noun] name; given name; first name Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明，很高兴认识你。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng, hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. My name is Li Ming; nice to meet you. 请在这里写上你的名字。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ xiě shàng nǐ de míngzi....
批判 (pīpàn) — to criticize, to critique
批判 (pīpàn) 批判 means to criticize or critique, especially in a thorough, principled, or ideological manner. It implies a deeper, more systematic form of criticism than 批评 (pīpíng), often targeting fundamental flaws in thinking, ideology, or systems. In academic contexts, it translates as "critique" and carries the analytical weight of critical theory. In political contexts, it can mean denunciation. Meanings [v] to criticize fundamentally; to subject to critique [v] to...
合同 (hétong) — contract; agreement
合同 (hétong) 合同 is the standard Chinese word for a contract -- a legally binding written agreement between parties that specifies obligations, rights, and terms. Meanings [noun] contract; written agreement; formal agreement Example Sentences 双方签署了一份为期三年的合同。 Shuāngfāng qiānshǔ le yī fèn wéiqī sān nián de hétong. Both parties signed a three-year contract. 请在签合同之前仔细阅读所有条款。 Qǐng zài qiān hétong zhīqián zīxì yuèdú suǒyǒu tiáokuǎn. Please read all the terms carefully before signing the...
全面 (quánmiàn) — comprehensive, all-round
全面 (quánmiàn) 全面 describes something that covers all aspects or dimensions of a subject without omission, indicating thoroughness and comprehensiveness. Meanings [adjective] comprehensive, all-round, thorough [adverb] comprehensively, in all respects Example Sentences 我们需要对这个问题进行全面深入的分析。 Wǒmen xūyào duì zhège wèntí jìnxíng quánmiàn shēnrù de fēnxī. We need to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of this issue. 这份报告全面反映了当前经济形势。 Zhè fèn bàogào quánmiàn fǎnyìng le dāngqián jīngjì xíngshì. This report comprehensively reflects the...
补充 (bǔchōng) — to supplement; to add; to complement
补充 (bǔchōng) 补充 means "to supplement," "to add to," or "to complement" and describes filling in gaps or adding more to something that is incomplete. Meanings [verb] to supplement; to add; to replenish [noun] supplement; addition; complement Example Sentences 老师让同学们补充自己的答案。 Lǎoshī ràng tóngxuémen bǔchōng zìjǐ de dá'àn. The teacher asked students to supplement their answers. 我想补充一点重要信息。 Wǒ xiǎng bǔchōng yīdiǎn zhòngyào xìnxī. I would like to add one important piece...
甜 (tián) — sweet
甜 (tián) 甜 describes a sweet taste, like that of sugar, honey, or ripe fruit. It is also used figuratively to describe pleasant or happy feelings, such as a "sweet smile" or "sweet words." Meanings adjective sweet (having a pleasant sugary taste; also pleasant or happy in a figurative sense) Example Sentences 这个西瓜很甜。 Zhège xīguā hěn tián. This watermelon is very sweet. 她笑得很甜。 Tā xiào de hěn tián. She has...
机器学习 (jīqì xuéxí) — machine learning
机器学习 (jīqì xuéxí) A subfield of artificial intelligence in which computer systems are trained on data to recognize patterns and make decisions without being explicitly programmed for each task. Meanings [noun] machine learning Example Sentences 机器学习技术正在彻底改变医学影像诊断的方式。 Jīqì xuéxí jìshù zhèngzài chèdǐ gǎibiàn yīxué yǐngxiàng zhěnduàn de fāngshì. Machine learning technology is fundamentally changing the way medical imaging diagnosis works. 这款推荐系统基于机器学习算法分析用户的行为数据。 Zhè kuǎn tuījiàn xìtǒng jīyú jīqì xuéxí suànfǎ fēnxī yònghù...
出 (chū) — to exit / to go out
出 (chū) A directional verb meaning "to exit" or "to go out" of a place. It describes movement from inside to outside. Its antonym is 进 (jìn), meaning "to enter" or "to go in." Meanings [verb] To exit, to go out, to come out, to leave (a place). Example Sentences 他出去买东西了。 Tā chūqù mǎi dōngxi le. He went out to buy things. 请从这个门出去。 Qǐng cóng zhège mén chūqù. Please exit...
白 (bái) — white; in vain
白 (bái) 白 primarily means the color white. In everyday speech it also carries the extended meaning of "in vain," "for nothing," or "free of charge," which gives it more range than a simple color word. Meanings [adjective] White (color). Describes the appearance of objects. [adverb] In vain; without result; for nothing. Used before a verb to say the action produced no useful outcome. Example Sentences 她穿着一件白衬衫。 Tā chuānzhe yī...
宪法 (xiànfǎ) — constitution
宪法 (xiànfǎ) A constitution is the fundamental law of a nation that establishes the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles that all other laws must follow. Meanings [noun] constitution; the fundamental/supreme law of a state Example Sentences 宪法是国家的根本大法，具有最高法律效力。 Xiànfǎ shì guójiā de gēnběn dàfǎ, jùyǒu zuìgāo fǎlǜ xiàolì. The constitution is the fundamental law of the country and has the highest legal authority. 所有公民的基本权利都受宪法的保护。 Suǒyǒu gōngmín...
承受 (chéngshòu) — to bear; to endure; to withstand
承受 (chéngshòu) 承受 means to bear, endure, or withstand something, typically referring to pressure, pain, hardship, loss, or responsibility that requires emotional or physical strength to tolerate. Meanings [verb] to bear; to endure; to withstand; to sustain (pressure, pain, hardship, weight, etc.) Example Sentences 失去至亲的痛苦是难以承受的，但时间和家人的陪伴会帮助她慢慢走出悲伤。 Shīqù zhì qīn de tòngkǔ shì nányǐ chéngshòu de, dàn shíjiān hé jiārén de péibàn huì bāngzhù tā mànmàn zǒuchū bēishāng. The pain of losing...
设计 (shèjì) — to design; design
设计 (shèjì) 设计 encompasses the full range of design activities -- from graphic and product design to architectural planning and the design of systems or experiments -- making it indispensable in creative and technical contexts. Meanings [verb] to design; to plan; to devise [noun] design; a plan; a blueprint Example Sentences 这座建筑由著名建筑师设计，风格独特。 Zhè zuò jiànzhú yóu zhùmíng jiànzhùshī shèjì, fēnggé dútè. This building was designed by a famous architect and...
管 (guǎn) — to manage / to bother with
管 (guǎn) 管 means to manage, oversee, or be responsible for. It also means to bother with or concern oneself with, and appears in the important phrase 不管 meaning no matter or regardless. Meanings [verb] To manage; to be in charge of; to oversee. [verb] To concern oneself with; to bother about; to interfere in. [verb] To discipline; to control. Example Sentences 这件事谁来管？ Zhè jiàn shì shuí lái guǎn? Who...
比较 (bǐjiào) — to compare / relatively
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 functions both as a verb meaning "to compare" and as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "fairly." Meanings [verb] to compare; to contrast [adverb] relatively; fairly; rather; comparatively Example Sentences 我们来比较一下这两个方案。 Wǒmen lái bǐjiào yīxià zhè liǎng gè fāng'àn. Let us compare these two plans. 这道题比较难。 Zhè dào tí bǐjiào nán. This problem is relatively difficult. 比较起来，这个方法更简单。 Bǐjiào qǐlái, zhège fāngfǎ gèng jiǎndān. Comparatively speaking, this method is...
形象 (xíngxiàng) — image; figure; vivid
形象 (xíngxiàng) An image is the impression that a person, organization, or country projects to others, shaped by appearance, behavior, and reputation. It can also describe a vivid or concrete representation. Meanings [noun] image; public image; figure; persona; visual/mental representation [adjective] vivid; graphic; concrete; lifelike (in describing language or depictions) Example Sentences 这次危机严重损害了公司的公众形象。 Zhè cì wéijī yánzhòng sǔnhàile gōngsī de gōngzhòng xíngxiàng. This crisis seriously damaged the company's public image....
公园 (gōngyuán) — park / public garden
公园 (gōngyuán) A public outdoor area, often with green spaces, paths, and seating, where people go to exercise, relax, or enjoy nature. Meanings [noun] Park, public garden, recreational outdoor space. Example Sentences 我们周末去公园散步吧。 Wǒmen zhōumò qù gōngyuán sànbù ba. Let's go for a walk in the park this weekend. 这个公园里有很多花和树。 Zhège gōngyuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō huā hé shù. This park has many flowers and trees. 老人们每天早上在公园锻炼。 Lǎorénmen měitiān zǎoshang...
楼 (lóu) — building; floor (storey)
楼 (lóu) 楼 refers to a multi-storey building, and also to individual floors or storeys within a building. Meanings [noun] building (multi-storey); storey; floor [noun] upstairs Example Sentences 我住在五楼。 Wǒ zhù zài wǔ lóu. I live on the fifth floor. 这栋楼一共有二十层。 Zhè dòng lóu yīgòng yǒu èrshí céng. This building has twenty floors in total. 图书馆在教学楼的三楼。 Túshūguǎn zài jiàoxuélóu de sān lóu. The library is on the third floor of...
获得 (huòdé) — to obtain; to gain
获得 (huòdé) 获得 means to obtain, gain, or acquire something, often through effort, competition, or a process. Meanings [verb] to obtain; to acquire; to get [verb] to achieve; to win; to earn Example Sentences 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng huòdéle dì yī míng. He won first place in the competition. 通过努力，她获得了奖学金。 Tōngguò nǔlì, tā huòdéle jiǎngxuéjīn. Through hard work, she obtained a scholarship. 这部电影获得了很多奖项。 Zhè bù diànyǐng huòdéle hěn duō...
关键 (guānjiàn) — key, crucial
关键 (guānjiàn) 关键 refers to the key, decisive, or most critical element in a situation or problem, the factor whose presence or absence determines the outcome. Meanings [noun] key, crucial element, decisive factor [adjective] key, critical, decisive (as in 关键时刻, critical moment) Example Sentences 解决这一问题的关键在于找到各方利益的平衡点。 Jiějué zhè yī wèntí de guānjiàn zàiyú zhǎodào gè fāng lìyì de pínghéng diǎn. The key to solving this problem lies in finding the balance...
监管 (jiānguǎn) — to regulate; regulation; oversight
监管 (jiānguǎn) 监管 refers to the official regulatory oversight and control exercised by authorities over industries, markets, or activities to ensure compliance with laws and standards. Meanings [verb] to regulate; to supervise; to oversee officially [noun] regulation; regulatory oversight Example Sentences 金融监管部门加强了对银行业的检查力度。 Jīnróng jiāngǎn bùmén jiāqiáng le duì yínhángyè de jiǎnchá lìdù. Financial regulatory authorities have strengthened their inspections of the banking sector. 科技巨头面临越来越严格的政府监管。 Kējì jùtóu miànlín yuèlái yuè yángé...
提到 (tídào) — to mention; to bring up
提到 (tídào) 提到 means to mention or bring up a topic, referring to the act of briefly referring to something in conversation or writing without necessarily elaborating on it. Meanings [verb] to mention; to bring up; to refer to Example Sentences 他在演讲中提到了环境污染的问题。 Tā zài yǎnjiǎng zhōng tídàole huánjìng wūrǎn de wèntí. He mentioned the issue of environmental pollution in his speech. 你刚才提到的那本书，我也读过。 Nǐ gāngcái tídào de nà běn shū, wǒ...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important; significant
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is one of the most fundamental adjectives in Chinese, meaning important, significant, or crucial, and is used pervasively across all registers to describe people, things, decisions, or issues of great consequence. Meanings [adjective] important; significant; crucial; of great consequence Example Sentences 健康是人生中最重要的财富，没有健康就谈不上其他。 Jiànkāng shì rénshēng zhōng zuì zhòngyào de cáifù, méiyǒu jiànkāng jiù tán bu shàng qítā. Health is the most important wealth in life; without health,...
好 (hǎo) — good / well / OK
好 (hǎo) One of the most important and versatile words in Mandarin. As an adjective, 好 means "good" or "fine." As an adverb before a verb or adjective, it means "well" or "very." As a standalone response, 好 means "OK," "sure," or "alright." It also appears in many fixed phrases and compounds. Meanings [adjective] Good, fine, well (describing things or states). [adverb] Well (describing how something is done); very (intensifier...
现象 (xiànxiàng) — phenomenon, occurrence
现象 (xiànxiàng) 现象 refers to an observable phenomenon, event, or occurrence, especially one that is noteworthy, widespread, or in need of explanation. Meanings [noun] phenomenon, occurrence (something observable) [noun] symptom, manifestation (of a deeper underlying cause) Example Sentences 全球气候变暖是当今世界最受关注的环境现象之一。 Quánqiú qìhòu biànnuǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè zuì shòu guānzhù de huánjìng xiànxiàng zhī yī. Global warming is one of the most widely discussed environmental phenomena in the world today. 社会上存在的贫富差距现象需要引起高度重视。 Shèhuì...
空调 (kōngtiáo) — air conditioner
空调 (kōngtiáo) 空调 means air conditioner or air conditioning. It is short for 空气调节 (kōngqì tiáojié), meaning air regulation. It refers to the appliance that controls indoor temperature and humidity. Meanings [noun] Air conditioner; air conditioning. Example Sentences 天气太热了，开空调吧。 Tiānqì tài rè le, kāi kōngtiáo ba. It's too hot; let's turn on the air conditioner. 这个房间的空调坏了。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngtiáo huài le. The air conditioner in this room is broken....
热情 (rèqíng) — warm; enthusiastic; passion
热情 (rèqíng) 热情 describes both the quality of warmth and enthusiasm shown toward people, and a passionate feeling toward an activity or goal. Meanings [adj] warm; enthusiastic; welcoming [noun] passion; enthusiasm; warmth Example Sentences 这里的人们对游客非常热情。 Zhèlǐ de rénmen duì yóukè fēicháng rèqíng. The people here are very warm and welcoming to visitors. 她对音乐充满热情，每天都练习。 Tā duì yīnyuè chōngmǎn rèqíng, měitiān dōu liànxí. She is filled with passion for music and practices...
媒体 (méitǐ) — media; medium
媒体 (méitǐ) 媒体 refers to the media, including television, newspapers, the internet, and other channels used to communicate information to the public. Meanings [noun] the media; mass media; a medium of communication Example Sentences 媒体对这件事进行了大量报道。 Méitǐ duì zhè jiàn shì jìnxíngle dàliàng bàodào. The media covered this matter extensively. 社交媒体改变了人们的沟通方式。 Shèjiāo méitǐ gǎibiànle rénmen de gōutōng fāngshì. Social media has changed the way people communicate. 他在一家大型媒体公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā...
联系 (liánxì) — to contact; to get in touch; connection
联系 (liánxì) 联系 covers both the act of contacting someone and the abstract idea of a connection or relationship between things. Meanings [verb] To contact, to get in touch with, to reach out to. [noun] Contact, connection, link, relationship. Example Sentences 毕业后我们虽然各奔东西，但始终保持着密切的联系。 Bìyè hòu wǒmen suīrán gè bèn dōngxī, dàn shǐzhōng bǎochí zhe mìqiē de liánxì. After graduation we all went our separate ways, but we have always maintained close...
不管 (bùguǎn) — no matter; regardless of
不管 (bùguǎn) 不管 means "no matter" or "regardless of." It introduces a condition that covers all possibilities, and the second clause — always marked by 都 or 也 — states what holds true under every one of those possibilities. Meanings [conjunction] No matter (what / how / who / whether); regardless of — always paired with 都 or 也 in the result clause. Pattern 不管 + [question word / A...
拒绝 (jùjué) — Refuse
拒绝 (jùjué) 拒绝 means to refuse, reject, or decline a request, offer, or suggestion. Meanings [verb] to refuse; to reject; to decline; to turn down Example Sentences 他拒绝了那家公司的工作邀请。 Tā jùjuéle nà jiā gōngsī de gōngzuò yāoqǐng. He turned down the job offer from that company. 她礼貌地拒绝了他的求婚。 Tā lǐmào de jùjuéle tā de qiúhūn. She politely rejected his marriage proposal. 你有权利拒绝任何让你感到不舒服的要求。 Nǐ yǒu quánlì jùjué rènhé ràng nǐ gǎndào bù shūfu...
体现 (tǐxiàn) — to embody; to reflect
体现 (tǐxiàn) 体现 means to give concrete expression to an abstract quality or principle, or to embody a value in tangible form, and is one of the most frequently used words in formal Chinese analysis and commentary. Meanings [verb] to embody; to reflect; to give expression to; to manifest [noun] an embodiment; a concrete manifestation Example Sentences 这首诗充分体现了作者对故乡的深厚情感。 Zhè shǒu shī chōngfèn tǐxiànle zuòzhě duì gùxiāng de shēnhòu qínggǎn. This...
反之 (fǎnzhī) — conversely; on the contrary
反之 (fǎnzhī) 反之 is a formal connective used to introduce a contrasting or opposite situation, equivalent to "conversely," "on the contrary," or "otherwise" in English. Meanings [conjunction] conversely; on the contrary; otherwise (introduces the opposite case) Example Sentences 如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩；反之，则会落后。 Rúguǒ nǐ nǔlì xuéxí, jiù huì qǔdé hǎo chéngjì; fǎnzhī, zé huì luòhòu. If you study hard, you will get good grades; conversely, you will fall behind. 团结使人强大，反之则使人软弱。 Tuánjié shǐ rén...
困难 (kùnnan) — difficulty / difficult
困难 (kùnnan) 困难 means difficulty or difficult. As a noun it refers to a hardship, obstacle, or problem. As an adjective it describes something as hard or challenging. Note the pronunciation: the second syllable is neutral tone (kùnnan), not kùnnán. Meanings [noun] Difficulty; hardship; obstacle; problem. [adjective] Difficult; hard; challenging. Example Sentences 学中文有困难吗？ Xué Zhōngwén yǒu kùnnan ma? Are there any difficulties in learning Chinese? 遇到困难不要放弃。 Yùdào kùnnan bú yào...
竞争 (jìngzhēng) — competition; to compete
竞争 (jìngzhēng) 竞争 refers to the act of competing against others for a limited resource, goal, or position, and is a central concept in economics, business, and social science. Meanings [verb] to compete; to contend [noun] competition; rivalry; contest Example Sentences 全球市场上的竞争越来越激烈，企业压力与日俱增。 Quánqiú shìchǎng shàng de jìngzhēng yuèlái yuè jīliè, qǐyè yālì yǔ rì jù zēng. Competition in the global market is getting fiercer, and pressure on enterprises is growing...
记录 (jìlù) — to record; record; to document
记录 (jìlù) 记录 means "to record" or "to document" as a verb, and as a noun it refers to a record, log, or written account of something. Meanings [verb] to record; to document; to write down [noun] record; log; documentation; (also: a sports record) Example Sentences 请把会议内容记录下来。 Qǐng bǎ huìyì nèiróng jìlù xiàlái. Please record the content of the meeting. 他打破了世界纪录。 Tā dǎpò le shìjiè jìlù. He broke the world...
今天 (jīntiān) — today
今天 (jīntiān) The word for "today," formed from 今 (jīn, now/present) and 天 (tiān, day/sky); as a time word, it typically appears at the beginning of a sentence or right before the verb, not at the end. Meanings [noun/time word] Today (the current day). Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? How is the weather today? 我今天很累，不想出去。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn lèi, bù xiǎng chūqù. I am very tired today and do...
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) — Climate change
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) 气候变化 refers to significant, long-term changes in global or regional climate patterns, particularly those driven by human activity and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Meanings [noun phrase] climate change; climate variation Example Sentences 气候变化已经成为全球最紧迫的环境挑战之一。 Qìhòu biànhuà yǐjīng chéngwéi quánqiú zuì jǐnpò de huánjìng tiǎozhàn zhī yī. Climate change has become one of the most urgent environmental challenges in the world. 科学家警告说，气候变化将导致更频繁的极端天气事件。 Kēxuéjiā jǐnggào shuō,...
股东 (gǔdōng) — shareholder; stockholder
股东 (gǔdōng) 股东 refers to a person or entity that holds shares in a company, giving them partial ownership and certain rights such as voting on company decisions and receiving dividends. It is the standard business and legal term for shareholder. Meanings [noun] shareholder; stockholder; equity holder Example Sentences 公司的重大决策需要经过股东大会的审议和批准。 Gōngsī de zhòngdà juécè xūyào jīngguò gǔdōng dàhuì de shěnyì hé pīzhǔn. Major decisions of a company need to be...
特定 (tèdìng) — specific; particular; designated
特定 (tèdìng) 特定 means specific, particular, or designated — referring to a particular thing or condition that has been defined or set in advance. It is often used in formal and academic contexts to indicate that something applies to a particular set of circumstances rather than in general. Meanings [adjective] Specific; particular; designated; given; predetermined. Example Sentences 这条规定只适用于特定情况，不能一概而论。 Zhè tiáo guīdìng zhǐ shìyòng yú tèdìng qíngkuàng, bù néng yīgài ér...
说明 (shuōmíng) — to explain; explanation
说明 (shuōmíng) 说明 is one of the most common verbs for explaining or clarifying in Chinese, and as a noun it refers to explanatory text, instructions, or descriptions. Meanings [verb] to explain; to illustrate; to indicate; to show [noun] explanation; instructions; description; manual Example Sentences 请说明你为什么选择这个专业。 Qǐng shuōmíng nǐ wèishénme xuǎnzé zhège zhuānyè. Please explain why you chose this major. 这份产品说明书写得非常清楚。 Zhè fèn chǎnpǐn shuōmíngshū xiě de fēicháng qīngchǔ. This...
热爱 (rè'ài) — to love deeply
热爱 (rè'ài) 热爱 expresses a deep, passionate love for something, stronger than 喜欢 (xǐhuān) or 爱 (ài) alone. Meanings [verb] to love deeply; to be passionate about something Example Sentences 我热爱音乐，每天都要练习。 Wǒ rè'ài yīnyuè, měitiān dōu yào liànxí. I am passionate about music and practice every day. 他热爱自己的工作，从不感到累。 Tā rè'ài zìjǐ de gōngzuò, cóng bù gǎndào lèi. He deeply loves his work and never feels tired. 她从小热爱绘画，长大后成了画家。 Tā cóng xiǎo...
反而 (fǎn'ér) — on the contrary; instead; unexpectedly
反而 (fǎn'ér) 反而 is an adverb that introduces a result contradicting what was expected, intended, or previously described, meaning "on the contrary," "instead," or "unexpectedly." Meanings [adverb] on the contrary; instead; unexpectedly (used when the actual result is the opposite of, or differs significantly from, the expected or desired outcome) Usage Note 反而 is placed before the verb or adjective in the clause describing the unexpected result. It typically follows...
消失 (xiāoshī) — to disappear; to vanish
消失 (xiāoshī) 消失 means to disappear or vanish, referring to something that ceases to be visible or no longer exists. Meanings [verb] to disappear; to vanish; to cease to exist or be seen Example Sentences 他的身影慢慢消失在人群中。 Tā de shēnyǐng mànmàn xiāoshī zài rénqún zhōng. His figure slowly disappeared into the crowd. 这种珍稀动物正在慢慢消失。 Zhè zhǒng zhēnxī dòngwù zhèngzài mànmàn xiāoshī. This rare animal is gradually disappearing. 疼痛感在吃了药之后消失了。 Téngtòng gǎn zài chī...
从而 (cóng'ér) — thus; thereby; and as a result
从而 (cóng'ér) 从而 is a formal conjunction that introduces a result, consequence, or purpose that follows logically from the preceding action or situation, equivalent to "thereby," "thus," or "and as a result." Meanings [conjunction] thereby; thus; and as a result; so as to (introduces a consequence or purpose that follows from the preceding clause) Example Sentences 公司加大了研发投入，从而推动了技术创新和产品升级。 Gōngsī jiādàle yánfā tóurù, cóng'ér tuīdòngle jìshù chuàngxīn hé chǎnpǐn shēngjí. The company...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel; to think
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling, opinion, or impression about something, equivalent to "feel that" or "think that" in English. Meanings [verb] to feel (that); to think (that); to find something to be a certain way Example Sentences 我觉得这道题太难了。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào tí tài nán le. I think this question is too difficult. 你觉得这家餐厅怎么样？ Nǐ juéde zhè jiā cāntīng zěnmeyàng? What do you think of this restaurant? 她觉得有点累，想休息一下。...
协调 (xiétiáo) — Coordinate
协调 (xiétiáo) 协调 means to coordinate different parts or people so they work together harmoniously, or describes a state of harmony and balance. Meanings [verb] to coordinate; to harmonize; to reconcile [adjective] coordinated; harmonious; well-balanced Example Sentences 项目经理负责协调各部门的工作。 Xiàngmù jīnglǐ fùzé xiétiáo gè bùmén de gōngzuò. The project manager is responsible for coordinating the work of each department. 这两种颜色搭配得非常协调。 Zhè liǎng zhǒng yánsè dāpèi de fēicháng xiétiáo. These two colors...
行李 (xíngli) — luggage
行李 (xíngli) 行李 means luggage or baggage. It refers to the bags and suitcases a traveler brings on a trip. The measure word for a piece of luggage is 件 (jiàn). Meanings [noun] Luggage; baggage; travel bags and suitcases. Example Sentences 请把你的行李放在架子上。 Qǐng bǎ nǐ de xíngli fàng zài jiàzi shang. Please put your luggage on the shelf. 我的行李太重了，超重了。 Wǒ de xíngli tài zhòng le, chāozhòng le. My luggage is...
精炼 (jīngliàn) — to refine; concise
精炼 (jīngliàn) 精炼 means both to refine (as a process) and to be concise/refined (as a quality of expression). As a verb, it refers to refining materials to a high degree of purity. As an adjective, it describes language, writing, or thinking that is concise, precise, and free of unnecessary elements — the opposite of verbose. It is a valued quality in Chinese rhetoric and literary criticism. Meanings [v] to...
巩固 (gǒnggù) — to consolidate; to strengthen
巩固 (gǒnggù) To consolidate or strengthen means to make something more solid, stable, and secure, preventing it from weakening or being lost. Meanings [verb] to consolidate; to strengthen; to reinforce; to solidify; to make secure Example Sentences 学生需要通过反复练习来巩固所学的知识。 Xuéshēng xūyào tōngguò fǎnfù liànxí lái gǒnggù suǒ xué de zhīshi. Students need to consolidate what they have learned through repeated practice. 这次改革旨在巩固市场经济体制。 Zhè cì gǎigé zhǐ zài gǒnggù shìchǎng jīngjì tǐzhì....
执法 (zhífǎ) — law enforcement; to enforce the law
执法 (zhífǎ) 执法 refers to the act of enforcing or implementing laws and regulations, as well as the process of law enforcement carried out by authorized authorities or officers. Meanings [verb] to enforce the law; to implement regulations [noun] law enforcement; enforcement of the law Example Sentences 执法部门在节假日期间加强了对食品安全的检查，保障市民的饮食安全。 Zhífǎ bùmén zài jiéjiàrì qījiān jiāqiángle duì shípǐn ānquán de jiǎnchá, bǎozhàng shìmín de yǐnshí ānquán. Law enforcement departments intensified food safety...
伦理 (lúnlǐ) — ethics; moral principles
伦理 (lúnlǐ) 伦理 refers to the moral principles and standards that govern human behavior and relationships, encompassing both individual ethics and broader philosophical frameworks for distinguishing right from wrong. Meanings [noun] ethics; moral principles (the system of moral values governing behavior and relationships) [noun] ethical norms (standards of right conduct in specific professional or social contexts) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展引发了关于算法伦理和数据隐私的深层讨论。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn yǐnfāle guānyú suànfǎ lúnlǐ hé shùjù...
冷静 (lěngjìng) — Calm / cool-headed
冷静 (lěngjìng) 冷静 describes a state of being calm, composed, and rational — especially when under pressure or in a difficult situation. Meanings [adjective] calm, cool-headed, composed, level-headed Example Sentences 遇到紧急情况时，一定要保持冷静。 Yùdào jǐnjí qíngkuàng shí, yīdìng yào bǎochí lěngjìng. When you encounter an emergency, you must stay calm. 他在压力下依然很冷静，处理问题很有条理。 Tā zài yālì xià yīrán hěn lěngjìng, chǔlǐ wèntí hěn yǒu tiáolǐ. He remained very calm under pressure and handled problems...
森林覆盖率 (sēnlín fùgài lǜ) — forest coverage rate
森林覆盖率 (sēnlín fùgài lǜ) A key environmental indicator measuring the proportion of a region's total land area that is covered by forest -- central to discussions of ecology, climate, and biodiversity. Meanings [noun] forest coverage rate, forest cover percentage Example Sentences 中国的森林覆盖率已从上世纪的不足10%提升至如今的24%以上。 Zhōngguó de sēnlín fùgài lǜ yǐ cóng shàng shìjì de bùzú 10% tíshēng zhì rújīn de 24% yǐshàng. China's forest coverage rate has risen from less than 10%...
兴趣 (xìngqù) — interest
兴趣 (xìngqù) 兴趣 describes the interest or enthusiasm one feels toward an activity, subject, or person. Meanings [noun] interest; hobby; enthusiasm for something Example Sentences 他对历史很有兴趣。 Tā duì lìshǐ hěn yǒu xìngqù. He has great interest in history. 你有什么兴趣爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme xìngqù àihào? What interests and hobbies do you have? 孩子们对这个游戏产生了浓厚的兴趣。 Háizimen duì zhège yóuxì chǎnshēng le nónghòu de xìngqù. The children developed a strong interest in this game....
突出 (tūchū) — prominent; outstanding; to stick out
突出 (tūchū) 突出 means to be noticeably prominent or excellent, or physically to protrude and stand out beyond a surface. Meanings [adjective] Prominent; outstanding; remarkable; conspicuous. [verb] To stick out; to protrude; to highlight; to emphasize. Example Sentences 她在班里的表现非常突出。 Tā zài bān lǐ de biǎoxiàn fēicháng tūchū. Her performance in class is very outstanding. 这个设计的突出特点是简洁。 Zhège shèjì de tūchū tèdiǎn shì jiǎnjié. The outstanding feature of this design is its...
唱 (chàng) — to sing
唱 (chàng) A verb meaning "to sing." It describes using the voice to produce musical sound, whether in a song, at karaoke, or in a performance. In Chinese culture, karaoke (K歌) is hugely popular, making 唱歌 an everyday phrase. Meanings [verb] To sing (a song, a melody). Example Sentences 她唱歌唱得很好听。 Tā chànggē chàng de hěn hǎotīng. She sings beautifully. 我们一起去唱歌吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù chànggē ba! Let's go sing together! 孩子在唱一首儿歌。...
提炼 (tíliàn) — to refine, to extract the essence
提炼 (tíliàn) 提炼 means to refine or extract — to process raw material (literal or figurative) to obtain the most valuable or essential elements, discarding the rest. Literally, it refers to refining metals or chemicals. Figuratively, it means to distill the essence of ideas, language, or experience into something pure and concentrated. Meanings [v] to refine; to extract the essence; to distill [v] to process and purify (material or abstract...
同时 (tóngshí) — at the same time; simultaneously
同时 (tóngshí) 同时 means at the same time or simultaneously, and is also used as a conjunction to add supplementary information or a parallel point. Meanings [adverb] at the same time, simultaneously [conjunction] at the same time, moreover, in addition (linking two simultaneous facts) Example Sentences 他同时做好几件事，效率非常高。 Tā tóngshí zuò hǎo jǐ jiàn shì, xiàolǜ fēicháng gāo. He does several things at the same time with very high efficiency. 这个方案既节省时间，同时也降低了成本。...
振奋 (zhènfèn) — to invigorate; inspiring; uplifting
振奋 (zhènfèn) 振奋 means to feel or cause a great surge of excitement, spirit, or inspiration, often used to describe news, achievements, or speeches that lift people's morale and energize them. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to invigorate; to uplift; to stir up enthusiasm or spirit [adjective] inspiring; invigorating; exciting; uplifting Example Sentences 运动员夺冠的消息令全国人民振奋，街上自发聚集了许多庆祝的市民。 Yùndòng yuán duóguàn de xiāoxi lìng quánguó rénmín zhènfèn, jiē shàng zìfā jùjíle xǔduō qìngzhù de shìmín....
通气 (tōngqì) — to ventilate
通气 (tōngqì) 通气 in clinical medicine refers to ventilation — the movement of air or respiratory gases into and out of the lungs, whether spontaneous or mechanically assisted. At the C2 level, it encompasses a spectrum from basic bag-mask ventilation to advanced mechanical ventilation strategies in ICU settings. It is a cornerstone concept in respiratory medicine, critical care, anesthesia, and emergency medicine. Meanings verb to ventilate; to support or facilitate...
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) — smartphone
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) 智能手机 refers to a smartphone, a handheld device that combines phone functions with computing power. It is the standard term used in everyday speech and writing across all age groups. Meanings [noun] smartphone; an intelligent mobile phone with apps, internet access, and advanced features Example Sentences 他每天都用智能手机查天气。 Tā měitiān dōu yòng zhìnéng shǒujī chá tiānqì. He checks the weather on his smartphone every day. 这款智能手机的电池很耐用。 Zhè kuǎn...
单位 (dānwèi) — work unit; organization
单位 (dānwèi) 单位 commonly refers to one's work unit or employer organization in China, and can also mean a unit of measurement. Meanings [noun] work unit; organization; employer [noun] unit (of measurement) Example Sentences 他的单位在市中心。 Tā de dānwèi zài shì zhōngxīn. His workplace is in the city center. 你在哪个单位工作？ Nǐ zài nǎge dānwèi gōngzuò? Which organization do you work for? 这道数学题要注意单位的换算。 Zhè dào shùxué tí yào zhùyì dānwèi de huànsuàn....
新闻 (xīnwén) — news
新闻 (xīnwén) Information about recent events reported through media channels -- and by extension, the news industry and journalism itself. Meanings [noun] news, a news item [noun] the news media, journalism (as an institution) Example Sentences 他每天早上都会浏览最新的国际新闻。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu huì liúlǎn zuìxīn de guójì xīnwén. He browses the latest international news every morning. 这条新闻迅速在社交媒体上引发了广泛讨论。 Zhè tiáo xīnwén xùnsù zài shèjiāo méitǐ shàng yǐnfāle guǎngfàn tǎolùn. This news item...
主权 (zhǔquán) — sovereignty
主权 (zhǔquán) 主权 refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself and its territory without external interference, a fundamental concept in international relations and political science. Meanings [noun] sovereignty; sovereign authority (the supreme power of a state over its territory and people) [noun] sovereign rights (in specific domains, e.g., maritime sovereignty) Example Sentences 国家主权是国际关系的基本原则，任何国家都不应干涉他国内政。 Guójiā zhǔquán shì guójì guānxi de jīběn yuánzé, rènhé guójiā dōu bù yīng...
推断 (tuīduàn) — to infer, to deduce
推断 (tuīduàn) 推断 means to infer or deduce — to arrive at a conclusion through logical reasoning from available evidence or information. It implies that the conclusion is not directly observed but derived through inference. It is used in academic analysis, legal reasoning, detective work, and everyday problem-solving when conclusions must be drawn from incomplete information. Meanings [v] to infer; to deduce; to draw conclusions through reasoning [v] to surmise;...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel, to think (subjectively)
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling or personal impression. It is used when your opinion comes from how something feels to you rather than from logic. Key contrast: 认为 (rènwéi) is used for reasoned, formal opinions, while 觉得 is feeling-based and personal. Meanings [verb] To feel (physically or emotionally). [verb] To think, to find (expressing a personal impression). Example Sentences 我觉得这道菜很好吃。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī. I...
照 (zhào) — to take a photo / to shine
照 (zhào) 照 is a versatile verb with several core meanings centered on light and reflection. It means to take a photograph, to shine light on something, to reflect, and in compounds to look after. 照片 (photograph) comes from this character. Meanings [verb] To take a photo; to photograph. [verb] To shine on; to illuminate. [verb] To reflect (in a mirror). [verb] To follow or accord with (in compounds like...
拥有 (yōngyǒu) — to possess; to own; to have
拥有 (yōngyǒu) 拥有 describes the possession of something — typically something valuable, significant, or abstract — and carries more weight than simply 有 (to have). Meanings [verb] To possess, to own, to have (especially something of value or significance). Example Sentences 这座城市拥有数百年的历史，保存着大量珍贵的文化遗址。 Zhè zuò chéngshì yōngyǒu shù bǎi nián de lìshǐ, bǎocún zhe dàliàng zhēnguì de wénhuà yízhǐ. This city possesses hundreds of years of history and preserves numerous precious...
苦恼 (kǔnǎo) — troubled; distressed
苦恼 (kǔnǎo) 苦恼 describes the feeling of being troubled, worried, or emotionally distressed, especially by problems that are difficult to resolve. It implies a combination of suffering and frustration that lingers. Meanings [adjective] troubled; distressed; tormented; vexed [verb] to trouble; to torment; to cause distress Example Sentences 他为找不到合适的工作而感到十分苦恼，情绪一直很低落。 Tā wèi zhǎo bùdào héshì de gōngzuò ér gǎndào shífēn kǔnǎo, qíngxù yīzhí hěn dīluò. He was deeply troubled by his inability...
就此而言 (jiù cǐ ér yán) — in this regard; speaking of this
就此而言 (jiù cǐ ér yán) This phrase is used to signal that the following statement concerns or elaborates on the point just mentioned, making explicit the scope of the discussion. Meanings [phrase/discourse marker] in this regard; speaking of this; with respect to this point; as far as this is concerned Example Sentences 就此而言，我们的政策还需要进一步完善。 Jiù cǐ ér yán, wǒmen de zhèngcè hái xūyào jìnyībù wánshàn. In this regard, our policies still...
宁可…也不 (nìngkě…yě bù) — Would rather...than
宁可…也不 (nìngkě…yě bù) 宁可…也不 is a grammar pattern used to express a strong preference: "would rather [do A] than [do B]," where B is something the speaker strongly wishes to avoid. Structure 宁可 + [preferred action/state] + 也不 + [rejected action/state] The pattern expresses that the speaker is willing to accept something difficult or undesirable (the 宁可 clause) in order to avoid something else they consider worse (the 也不 clause)....
趋势 (qūshì) — trend, tendency
趋势 (qūshì) 趋势 refers to the observable direction or tendency of development over time, indicating where things are heading based on current patterns. Meanings [noun] trend, tendency, direction of development [noun] momentum, trajectory (of events or changes) Example Sentences 全球化是当今世界经济发展的主要趋势之一。 Quánqiú huà shì dāngjīn shìjiè jīngjì fāzhǎn de zhǔyào qūshì zhī yī. Globalization is one of the main trends in today's world economic development. 从目前的数据来看，这一行业呈现出明显的上升趋势。 Cóng mùqián de shùjù lái...
粉丝 (fěnsī) — fan; follower
粉丝 (fěnsī) 粉丝 is a loanword borrowing the sound of English "fans." It refers to devoted followers or fans of a celebrity, brand, sports team, or content creator. It also retains its original food meaning (glass noodles made from starch), though the fan meaning dominates in modern media contexts. Meanings [noun] fan; follower; supporter (of a celebrity, influencer, or brand) [noun] glass noodles; cellophane noodles (original food meaning) Example Sentences...
隐含 (yǐnhán) — to imply; implicit; to contain hidden meaning
隐含 (yǐnhán) 隐含 describes something that is contained or implied within something else without being explicitly stated, and is used in analytical, literary, and philosophical contexts to discuss hidden meanings, assumptions, or implications. Meanings [verb] to imply; to contain hidden meaning; to embed (an idea) [adjective] implicit; hidden; latent; unstated Example Sentences 他的言辞表面平静，却隐含着深刻的批评。 Tā de yáncí biǎomiàn píngjìng, què yǐnhánzhe shēnkè de pīpíng. His words were calm on the surface...
突然 (tūrán) — suddenly; all of a sudden
突然 (tūrán) 突然 describes something that happens unexpectedly and without prior warning. Meanings [adv/adj] suddenly; all of a sudden; abrupt; unexpected Example Sentences 他突然站起来，大声说了一句话。 Tā tūrán zhàn qǐlái, dàshēng shuō le yī jù huà. He suddenly stood up and said something loudly. 天气突然变冷了，要多穿衣服。 Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le, yào duō chuān yīfu. The weather suddenly got cold, you should wear more clothes. 会议突然被取消了，大家都很意外。 Huìyì tūrán bèi qǔxiāo le, dàjiā dōu...
动词+不/得+结果 — verb + potential complement
动词+不/得+结果 (Verb + Potential Complement) The potential complement inserts 得 (de) or 不 (bù) between a verb and its result complement to express whether the action can or cannot achieve the intended result. 得 signals possibility; 不 signals impossibility. Structure Affirmative: Verb + 得 + Result Complement Negative: Verb + 不 + Result Complement Common result complements: 完 (wán, finish), 到 (dào, reach/attain), 了 (liǎo, manage to), 懂 (dǒng, understand),...
形成 (xíngchéng) — to form; to take shape
形成 (xíngchéng) 形成 means to come into being or take shape gradually, often through a natural or long-term process, and is one of the most commonly used formal verbs in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to form; to take shape; to come into being [verb] to develop into; to result in (a pattern, habit, or situation) Example Sentences 经过长期的历史发展，这一地区形成了独特的文化传统。 Jīngguò chángqī de lìshǐ fāzhǎn, zhè yī dìqū xíngchéngle dútè de wénhuà chuántǒng....
弱化 (ruòhuà) — to weaken, to dilute
弱化 (ruòhuà) 弱化 means to weaken or dilute something, describing a process by which strength, intensity, or prominence is reduced, either deliberately or as a natural consequence. Meanings [verb] to weaken, to dilute, to reduce in strength or prominence [verb] to downplay, to de-emphasize (in discourse or policy) Example Sentences 这项政策可能会弱化地方政府的自主权。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè kěnéng huì ruòhuà dìfāng zhèngfǔ de zìzhǔquán. This policy may weaken the autonomy of local governments....
引起 (yǐnqǐ) — to cause; to give rise to; to trigger
引起 (yǐnqǐ) 引起 describes one thing causing or triggering another, typically a reaction, feeling, problem, or event. Meanings [verb] To cause, to give rise to, to trigger, to arouse, to lead to. Example Sentences 这篇报道引起了社会各界的广泛关注和讨论。 Zhè piān bàodào yǐnqǐ le shèhuì gèjiè de guǎngfàn guānzhù hé tǎolùn. This report aroused widespread attention and discussion across all sectors of society. 长期不规律的饮食习惯可能引起多种慢性疾病。 Chángqī bù guīlǜ de yǐnshí xíguàn kěnéng yǐnqǐ duō zhǒng...
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) — semiconductor fabrication
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) 半导体制造 encompasses the highly complex industrial processes used to create semiconductor devices, including integrated circuits and microchips, from raw silicon and other materials. It is among the most technologically demanding manufacturing domains, involving photolithography, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, and precision metrology at nanometer scales. Meanings [noun] semiconductor fabrication; the industrial manufacturing of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits Example Sentences 先进半导体制造工艺已突破三纳米技术节点。 Xiānjìn bàndǎotǐ zhìzào gōngyì yǐ tūpò...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so, therefore, that is why
所以 (suǒyǐ) A conjunction that introduces a result or conclusion. It is almost always paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because) in the pattern 因为…所以… meaning "because... therefore..." Either part may be omitted in conversation. Meanings [conj] So, therefore, that is why (introducing a result or conclusion). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没出去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi chūqù. Because it was raining, I did not go out. 他生病了，所以没来上课。 Tā shēng bìng le, suǒyǐ...
热情 (rèqíng) — warm, enthusiastic, passionate
热情 (rèqíng) Describes a person who is warm, friendly, and enthusiastic in dealing with others. As a noun it means passion or enthusiasm. It is often used to praise someone's hospitality or eagerness. Meanings [adj] Warm, enthusiastic, hospitable. [noun] Passion, enthusiasm, warmth. Example Sentences 她对客人很热情。 Tā duì kèrén hěn rèqíng. She is very warm toward guests. 他对工作充满热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò chōngmǎn rèqíng. He is full of passion for his work....
从 (cóng) — from
从 (cóng) 从 is a preposition meaning "from." It marks the starting point of a journey, a time span, or a source, and is typically paired with 到 (dào, to) to indicate origin and destination together. Meanings [preposition] From (a place, a time, or a source — marking the starting point). Example Sentences 我从北京来。 Wǒ cóng Běijīng lái. I come from Beijing. 从家到学校要二十分钟。 Cóng jiā dào xuéxiào yào èrshí fēnzhōng....
合伙人 (héhuǒrén) — partner; business partner
合伙人 (héhuǒrén) 合伙人 refers to a business partner or co-investor who shares in a venture, its risks, and its profits. Meanings [noun] a business partner or person who joins in a shared enterprise or venture Example Sentences 他找到了一个可靠的合伙人来共同创业。 Tā zhǎodào le yīgè kěkào de héhuǒrén lái gòngtóng chuàngyè. He found a reliable business partner to start a venture together. 两位合伙人对公司的发展方向产生了分歧。 Liǎng wèi héhuǒrén duì gōngsī de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng chǎnshēng le...
现代 (xiàndài) — modern; contemporary
现代 (xiàndài) 现代 refers to the present age or describes things that belong to current times, in contrast to the traditional or ancient. Meanings [adj/noun] modern; contemporary; the modern era Example Sentences 现代科技改变了我们的生活方式。 Xiàndài kējì gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Modern technology has changed our way of life. 这座城市的建筑非常现代。 Zhè zuò chéngshì de jiànzhú fēicháng xiàndài. The architecture of this city is very modern. 她喜欢现代艺术，不太喜欢古典画。 Tā xǐhuān xiàndài yìshù,...
既然 (jìrán) — since; given that; now that
既然 (jìrán) 既然 introduces a premise that both speaker and listener accept as true, then draws a logical conclusion from it, similar to "since" or "now that." Meanings [conjunction] Since; given that; now that (accepts a known fact and derives a conclusion). Example Sentences 既然你已经决定了，就努力去做吧。 Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, jiù nǔlì qù zuò ba. Since you have already decided, go ahead and do your best. 既然天气这么好，我们去爬山吧。 Jìrán tiānqì zhème...
听到 (tīng dào) — to hear; to catch (a sound)
听到 (tīng dào) 听到 is a verb + result complement. 听 means "to listen" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — the sound actually arrived and was registered. This is different from 听 alone (which just means the act of listening, without guaranteeing the sound was received). The negative is 没听到 (didn't hear) or 听不到 (can't hear). Meanings [v+comp] Hear; catch a sound...
床 (chuáng) — bed
床 (chuáng) A noun meaning bed. It is a single-character word with no suffix, one of the few basic furniture words that does not take 子. The measure word for beds is 张 (zhāng), the same used for tables. Meanings [noun] Bed, sleeping surface. Example Sentences 我的床很舒服。 Wǒ de chuáng hěn shūfu. My bed is very comfortable. 他累了，去床上躺一躺。 Tā lèi le, qù chuáng shàng tǎng yi tǎng. He was tired...
学校 (xuéxiào) — school
学校 (xuéxiào) A noun meaning school or educational institution. It is a general term that covers primary schools, middle schools, high schools, and universities. It combines 学 (learn/study) and 校 (school, institution). Meanings [noun] School, educational institution (general term). Example Sentences 我的学校离家很近。 Wǒ de xuéxiào lí jiā hěn jìn. My school is very close to home. 她在一所大学校工作。 Tā zài yī suǒ dà xuéxiào gōngzuò. She works at a large school....
顺序 (shùnxù) — order / sequence
顺序 (shùnxù) 顺序 refers to the order or sequence of things — the arrangement in which steps, people, or events follow each other. It implies a proper or intended flow, often used when giving instructions, describing procedures, or talking about queues and rankings. Meanings [noun] Order; sequence; arrangement; the correct or logical order of steps or items. Example Sentences 请按顺序回答问题。 Qǐng àn shùnxù huídá wèntí. Please answer the questions in...
可靠 (kěkào) — reliable; dependable; trustworthy
可靠 (kěkào) 可靠 describes a person, source, system, or method that is reliable, dependable, and worthy of trust. It implies consistency and proven performance over time, making it a high compliment in professional and personal relationships. Meanings [adjective] Reliable; dependable; trustworthy; solid. Example Sentences 她是一个非常可靠的人，交给她的任务从来不会出差错。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng kěkào de rén, jiāo gěi tā de rènwù cónglái bù huì chū chācuò. She is a very reliable person; tasks entrusted...
展示 (zhǎnshì) — to display; to show; to demonstrate
展示 (zhǎnshì) 展示 means to display, show, or demonstrate something, especially in a way that highlights its qualities or allows others to see it clearly. Meanings [verb] to display; to show; to demonstrate; to exhibit Example Sentences 她在舞台上展示了自己的才华。 Tā zài wǔtái shàng zhǎnshìle zìjǐ de cáihuá. She displayed her talent on the stage. 这次展览展示了公司最新的产品。 Zhè cì zhǎnlǎn zhǎnshìle gōngsī zuìxīn de chǎnpǐn. This exhibition displayed the company's latest products. 他用数据展示了项目的成果。...
期待 (qīdài) — to expect, to look forward to; expectation
期待 (qīdài) To look forward to something hoped-for with positive anticipation -- warmer and more emotionally charged than neutral 期望 or 预期. Meanings [verb] to look forward to, to eagerly anticipate, to expect with hope [noun] expectation, anticipation, hope Example Sentences 孩子们都非常期待明天的春游活动。 Háizimen dōu fēicháng qīdài míngtiān de chūnyóu huódòng. The children are all very much looking forward to tomorrow's spring outing. 观众对这部续集电影抱有很高的期待。 Guānzhòng duì zhè bù xùjí diànyǐng bàoyǒu...
有趣 (yǒuqù) — interesting / fun
有趣 (yǒuqù) 有趣 means interesting, fun, or amusing. It describes something that captures your attention and makes you want to learn more or engage with it. 有 means to have, and 趣 means interest or charm. A related word is 有意思 (yǒu yìsi), which also means interesting or meaningful. Both are common, but 有趣 leans more toward fun and amusing, while 有意思 leans more toward thought-provoking or meaningful. Meanings [adjective]...
与其…不如 (yǔqí… bùrú) — Rather than… it's better to
与其…不如 (yǔqí… bùrú) This paired grammar pattern expresses a preference: rather than doing the first thing, it is better to do the second. It implies the second option is clearly superior. Meanings [conjunction pattern] rather than (A), it is better to (B); used to express a preference or recommendation Example Sentences 与其在家抱怨，不如出去想办法解决问题。 Yǔqí zài jiā bàoyuàn, bùrú chūqù xiǎng bànfǎ jiějué wèntí. Rather than staying home and complaining, it is...
又 (yòu) — again (past), also, both
又 (yòu) Used before a verb to indicate that something happened again (past repetition). Key contrast with 再 (zài): 又 describes repetition that has already occurred, while 再 describes repetition that will or should happen in the future. Meanings [adv] Again (past repetition): something happened one more time. [adv] Also, both, and (linking two attributes simultaneously). Example Sentences 他又来了。 Tā yòu lái le. He came again. 她又忘记了。 Tā yòu wàngjì...
在乎 (zàihu) — to care about; to mind; to take to heart
在乎 (zàihu) 在乎 means "to care about" or "to mind." It expresses emotional investment in something — being affected by it, taking it to heart, or being bothered by it. It is most common in negative or interrogative forms: 不在乎 ("not care") and 在乎吗 ("do you care?"). Meanings [verb] To care about; to mind; to take to heart; to be affected by — expresses that something matters emotionally to the...
实施 (shíshī) — to implement; to carry out
实施 (shíshī) To implement or carry out means to put a plan, policy, decision, or law into actual practice or effect. Meanings [verb] to implement; to carry out; to put into effect; to execute (a plan or policy) Example Sentences 新的环保法规将于明年开始实施。 Xīn de huánbǎo fǎguī jiāng yú míngnián kāishǐ shíshī. The new environmental regulations will come into effect next year. 政府决定实施一系列经济刺激措施。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng shíshī yī xìliè jīngjì cìjī cuòshī. The...
翻 (fān) — to turn over; to flip through
翻 (fān) 翻 means to turn something over, flip through pages, or cross over a barrier such as a wall or mountain. Meanings [verb] to turn over; to flip; to browse through; to cross over Example Sentences 他翻了翻书，找到了那一页。 Tā fān le fān shū, zhǎodào le nà yī yè. He flipped through the book and found that page. 请翻到第三十页。 Qǐng fān dào dì sānshí yè. Please turn to page thirty. 孩子把桌上的东西都翻了一遍。...
比较 (bǐjiào) — relatively / to compare
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 works both as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "comparatively" and as a verb meaning "to compare." As an adverb it softens or qualifies a description without an explicit comparison partner. Meanings [adverb] Relatively; comparatively; rather; fairly. [verb] To compare; to contrast. Example Sentences 今天天气比较冷。 Jīntiān tiānqì bǐjiào lěng. Today's weather is relatively cold. 我比较喜欢吃中餐。 Wǒ bǐjiào xǐhuān chī Zhōngcān. I rather prefer eating Chinese food. 请比较这两种方法。 Qǐng...
保护区 (bǎohùqū) — nature reserve; protected area
保护区 (bǎohùqū) 保护区 refers to a designated area legally protected to conserve natural environments, wildlife, cultural heritage, or other resources, including nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and marine protected areas. Meanings [noun] nature reserve; protected area; conservation zone (a designated area protected by law for conservation purposes) Example Sentences 中国建立了大量自然保护区，以保护濒危野生动植物及其栖息地。 Zhōngguó jiànlìle dàliàng zìrán bǎohùqū, yǐ bǎohù bīn'wēi yěshēng dòngzhíwù jí qí qīxīdì. China has established numerous nature reserves to protect...
法律 (fǎlǜ) — Law, legal
法律 (fǎlǜ) 法律 refers to the system of rules and regulations that a society or state creates and enforces to govern behavior and protect rights. Meanings [noun] law; the law; legal system Example Sentences 任何人都必须遵守法律，没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。 Rènhé rén dōu bìxū zūnshǒu fǎlǜ, méi yǒu rén kěyǐ língjià yú fǎlǜ zhī shàng. Everyone must obey the law; no one can be above the law. 这家公司的行为已经触犯了相关法律。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de xíngwéi yǐjīng chùfànle...
演变 (yǎnbiàn) — to evolve, to develop gradually
演变 (yǎnbiàn) 演变 describes the gradual evolution or development of something over time, typically used for historical, cultural, or social processes that unfold across extended periods. Meanings [verb] to evolve, to develop gradually, to change over time [noun] evolution, gradual development, historical change Example Sentences 汉字经过几千年的演变，形成了今天的样貌。 Hànzì jīngguò jǐ qiān nián de yǎnbiàn, xíngchéng le jīntiān de yànmào. Chinese characters evolved over thousands of years to take on their present...
我 (wǒ) — I, me
我 (wǒ) The first-person singular pronoun meaning "I" as a subject and "me" as an object; it is one of the most frequent words in Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] I (subject). [pronoun] Me (object). [pronoun] My (before 的, meaning possession: 我的). Example Sentences 我是学生。 Wǒ shì xuésheng. I am a student. 你认识我吗？ Nǐ rènshi wǒ ma? Do you know me? 我的书在桌子上。 Wǒ de shū zài zhuōzi shàng. My book is on...
落后 (luòhòu) — to fall behind; backward
落后 (luòhòu) To fall behind in development, progress, or competition is the core sense of 落后, a word used widely in economic, educational, and social contexts. Meanings [verb] to fall behind; to lag behind [adjective] backward; underdeveloped; outdated Example Sentences 他在比赛中落后了五分钟。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng luòhòu le wǔ fēnzhōng. He fell five minutes behind in the race. 这个地区的经济发展相对落后。 Zhège dìqū de jīngjì fāzhǎn xiāngduì luòhòu. The economic development of this...
逻辑 (luójí) — logic; logical reasoning
逻辑 (luójí) 逻辑 refers to logical reasoning, the science of valid argument, or the internal consistency and rational structure of any set of ideas, and is widely used in academic, philosophical, and everyday intellectual discourse. Meanings [noun] logic; logical reasoning [noun] the internal logic; the rationale (of a situation or argument) Example Sentences 他的论文论证严密，逻辑清晰，令评审委员会印象深刻。 Tā de lùnwén lùnzhèng yánmì, luójí qīngxī, lìng píngshěn wěiyuánhuì yìnxiàng shēnkè. His thesis was rigorously...
监控 (jiānkòng) — to monitor; surveillance
监控 (jiānkòng) 监控 refers to the act of continuously watching, tracking, or controlling something or someone, widely used in security, technology, and public administration contexts. Meanings [verb] to monitor; to surveil; to keep under surveillance [noun] monitoring; surveillance; a surveillance system Example Sentences 城市各处安装了监控摄像头以保障公共安全。 Chéngshì gèchù ānzhuāng le jiānkòng shèxiàngtóu yǐ bǎozhàng gōnggòng ānquán. Surveillance cameras have been installed throughout the city to ensure public safety. 工程师对服务器的运行状态进行全天候监控。 Gōngchéngshī duì fúwùqì...
压力 (yālì) — pressure; stress
压力 (yālì) 压力 refers to physical pressure exerted on an object or, more commonly in everyday Chinese, the psychological stress or burden a person feels. Meanings [noun] Pressure (physical). [noun] Stress; pressure; burden (psychological or social). Example Sentences 工作压力太大让他很难入睡。 Gōngzuò yālì tài dà ràng tā hěn nán rùshuì. The work pressure is so great that he finds it hard to fall asleep. 现代年轻人面临很大的生活压力。 Xiàndài niánqīngrén miànlín hěn dà de shēnghuó...
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) — application, app
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) 应用程序 is the formal term for a software application or app. It is commonly shortened to 应用 (yìngyòng) or even 软件 in daily conversation, but 应用程序 is used in technical and written contexts. Meanings [noun] application; app; a software program designed to perform a specific task Example Sentences 我下载了一个学中文的应用程序。 Wǒ xiàzài le yí gè xué zhōngwén de yìngyòng chéngxù. I downloaded a Chinese learning application. 这个应用程序需要更新。 Zhège...
培养 (péiyǎng) — to cultivate; to train; to develop
培养 (péiyǎng) 培养 means to cultivate, train, or develop a person or quality over time through deliberate effort and care. Meanings [verb] to cultivate or nurture (talent, ability, habits) [verb] to train or develop (a person, skill, or interest) Example Sentences 学校要培养学生的创造力。 Xuéxiào yào péiyǎng xuéshēng de chuàngzàolì. The school aims to cultivate students' creativity. 父母应该培养孩子的好习惯。 Fùmǔ yīnggāi péiyǎng háizi de hǎo xíguàn. Parents should develop good habits in their...
深化 (shēnhuà) — to deepen, to intensify
深化 (shēnhuà) 深化 means to deepen or intensify, implying that something already existing is made more thorough, profound, or comprehensive, rather than simply adding more of the same. Meanings [verb] to deepen, to intensify, to make more thorough or profound [verb] to advance to a deeper level (of reform, cooperation, understanding) Example Sentences 两国领导人表示将进一步深化双边合作关系。 Liǎng guó lǐngrén biǎoshì jiāng jìnyībù shēnhuà shuāngbiān hézuò guānxi. The leaders of the two countries...
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, values, and practices handed down from earlier generations, and describes things that are rooted in such heritage. Meanings [noun] tradition; heritage; custom passed down through generations [adj] traditional; conventional Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. 他很尊重家族的传统。 Tā hěn zūnzhòng jiāzú de chuántǒng. He has great respect for his family's...
组建 (zǔjiàn) — to establish; to form
组建 (zǔjiàn) 组建 means to form or establish an organised group, team, institution, or structure from scratch. It implies deliberate assembly of people or elements into a new functional unit. Meanings [verb] to form; to establish; to set up; to build (a team, organisation, or structure) Example Sentences 政府决定组建一支专业的应急救援队伍，应对各类自然灾害。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng zǔjiàn yī zhī zhuānyè de yīngjí jiùyuán duìwǔ, yìngduì gè lèi zìrán zāihài. The government decided to form a...
它 (tā) — it
它 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for animals, objects, and abstract things; it sounds identical to 他 (he) and 她 (she) — all pronounced tā — but is written distinctly for clarity in text. Meanings [pronoun] It (subject or object, referring to non-human entities). [pronoun] Its (before 的: 它的). Example Sentences 这只猫很可爱，它叫小白。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài, tā jiào Xiǎo Bái. This cat is very cute; it is called Xiao...
框架 (kuàngjià) — framework, structure
框架 (kuàngjià) 框架 refers to a framework, structure, or skeleton — the essential structural elements that define and support a system, plan, argument, or building. In intellectual and policy discourse, it often refers to conceptual frameworks, theoretical structures, or institutional arrangements. It is metaphorically extended from the physical meaning (frame of a building or picture). Meanings [n] framework, structure (the organizational skeleton of a system or argument) [n] frame, skeleton...
总结 (zǒngjié) — to summarize; summary
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means to summarize or wrap up, used both as a verb (to summarize) and a noun (a summary or conclusion), especially at the end of an activity or period. Meanings [verb] to summarize; to wrap up; to draw conclusions [noun] a summary; a conclusion; a review Example Sentences 老师在课末总结了今天的重点内容。 Lǎoshī zài kè mò zǒngjiéle jīntiān de zhòngdiǎn nèiróng. The teacher summarized the key content of today's lesson...
哪怕 (nǎpà) — even if; no matter
哪怕 (nǎpà) 哪怕 is a concessive conjunction meaning "even if" or "no matter how," used to express that the outcome in the main clause holds regardless of the condition introduced. Meanings [conjunction] even if; even though; no matter (introduces an extreme concessive condition) Example Sentences 哪怕只有一线希望，我也要坚持下去。 Nǎpà zhǐyǒu yī xiàn xīwàng, wǒ yě yào jiānchí xiàqù. Even if there is only a sliver of hope, I will keep going. 哪怕下大雪，她也会按时来上班。...
资源 (zīyuán) — resources
资源 (zīyuán) 资源 refers to any available supply of natural materials, energy, people, knowledge, or other inputs that can be drawn upon to achieve goals -- a word spanning environmental science, economics, and management. Meanings [noun] resources (natural, human, educational, financial, etc.) Example Sentences 中国拥有丰富的自然资源，但分布不均衡。 Zhōngguó yōngyǒu fēngfù de zìrán zīyuán, dàn fēnbù bù jūnhéng. China has abundant natural resources, but their distribution is uneven. 合理利用资源是可持续发展的关键。 Hélǐ lìyòng zīyuán shì...
宣传 (xuānchuán) — Publicize
宣传 (xuānchuán) 宣传 means to spread information widely to promote ideas, products, or policies, ranging from publicity and marketing to propaganda. Meanings [verb] to publicize; to promote; to spread (information or ideas) [noun] publicity; promotion; propaganda Example Sentences 公司花了大量资金宣传新产品。 Gōngsī huāle dàliàng zījīn xuānchuán xīn chǎnpǐn. The company spent a lot of money publicizing new products. 政府通过媒体宣传环保意识。 Zhèngfǔ tōngguò méitǐ xuānchuán huánbǎo yìshí. The government promoted environmental awareness through the...
范例 (fànlì) — model example; paradigm
范例 (fànlì) 范例 refers to a model or exemplary case that can serve as a standard or reference for others. It implies not just any example but a particularly good or instructive one worthy of being followed or studied. Meanings [noun] model example; exemplary case; paradigm; template Example Sentences 这家企业的可持续发展实践成为业界公认的范例，吸引了众多企业前来参观学习。 Zhè jiā qǐyè de kě chíxù fāzhǎn shíjiàn chéngwéi yèjiè gōngrèn de fànlì, xīyǐnle zhòngduō qǐyè qiánlái cānguān xuéxí. This...
调整 (tiáozhěng) — to adjust; adjustment
调整 (tiáozhěng) 调整 means to make adjustments or modifications to something in order to improve it or make it more appropriate, and is used across a wide range of contexts from personal habits to policy revision. Meanings [verb] to adjust; to modify; to revise; to fine-tune [noun] adjustment; modification; revision Example Sentences 公司根据市场变化对定价策略进行了调整。 Gōngsī gēnjù shìchǎng biànhuà duì dìngjià cèlüè jìnxíng le tiáozhěng. The company adjusted its pricing strategy based...
杂志 (zázhì) — magazine
杂志 (zázhì) 杂志 means magazine or periodical. 杂 means miscellaneous or varied, and 志 means record or publication. A magazine is a varied collection of articles and records published regularly. Chinese magazines cover every topic from science (科学杂志) to fashion (时尚杂志) to travel. Reading a Chinese magazine is a great way to build vocabulary because the articles are shorter than books but richer in everyday vocabulary than textbooks. Meanings [noun]...
用途 (yòngtú) — use; purpose; application
用途 (yòngtú) 用途 refers to the practical use or purpose of an object, material, or technology, often implying a range of possible applications. Meanings [noun] use; purpose; the function or intended application of something [noun] application; a specific way in which something can be used Example Sentences 这种材料的用途非常广泛。 Zhè zhǒng cáiliào de yòngtú fēicháng guǎngfàn. This material has a very wide range of uses. 请说明这台设备的用途。 Qǐng shuōmíng zhè tái shèbèi...
证据 (zhèngjù) — evidence; proof
证据 (zhèngjù) 证据 refers to concrete evidence or proof that establishes facts in legal, scientific, or argumentative contexts, and is an essential term in law, journalism, and academic reasoning. Meanings [noun] evidence; proof; supporting material Example Sentences 检察官向法庭提交了大量证据。 Jiǎncháguān xiàng fǎtíng tíjiāo le dàliàng zhèngjù. The prosecutor submitted a large amount of evidence to the court. 没有证据，就不能随意指控他人。 Méiyǒu zhèngjù, jiù bù néng suíyì zhǐkòng tārén. Without evidence, you cannot accuse...
概述 (gàishù) — to summarize, to give an overview
概述 (gàishù) 概述 means to summarize or give an overview — to describe something briefly but comprehensively, covering the essential points without going into detail. It is commonly used at the beginning of academic papers, reports, and presentations to provide a bird's-eye view before diving into specifics. As a noun, it refers to a summary or overview document. Meanings [v] to summarize; to give a general overview of [n] an...
各 (gè) — each / various
各 (gè) 各 means each, every, or various. It refers to each individual member of a group, stressing that all are included. It is usually followed directly by a noun without a measure word, unlike 每 which uses measure words. Meanings [pronoun] Each; every; various; all (of a group individually). Example Sentences 各国代表都参加了会议。 Gè guó dàibiǎo dōu cānjiā le huìyì. Representatives from each country attended the meeting. 请各位同学注意。 Qǐng gè...
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) — at the same time; meanwhile
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) 与此同时 is a formal discourse connector meaning "at the same time" or "meanwhile," used to introduce events or actions that occur simultaneously with what was just mentioned. Meanings [conjunction] at the same time; meanwhile; simultaneously (links two concurrent events or actions) Example Sentences 政府加大了对基础设施的投入，与此同时，也出台了一系列环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ jiādàle duì jīchǔ shèshī de tóurù, yǔ cǐ tóngshí, yě chūtāile yī xìliè huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government increased investment in infrastructure;...
权威 (quánwēi) — authority; authoritative
权威 (quánwēi) 权威 refers to authority, either as an abstract quality (the power to be believed or obeyed) or as a concrete noun (an authoritative person or institution). Used as an adjective before a noun, it means "authoritative." It appears in academic, journalistic, and institutional discourse where the credibility of a source or expert is at issue. Meanings [n] authority (the power to command belief or obedience) [n] authority, expert...
只要 (zhǐyào) — as long as
只要 (zhǐyào) 只要 states the minimum or sole condition needed for a result to follow. It is paired with 就 (jiù) in the second clause, forming a pattern that says: "as long as X, then Y will follow." Meanings [conjunction] As long as; provided that; if only. Example Sentences 只要努力，就会成功。 Zhǐyào nǔlì, jiù huì chénggōng. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你来，我就高兴。 Zhǐyào nǐ lái, wǒ jiù...
七 (qī) — seven
七 (qī) The number seven; 七 is a fairly neutral number in Chinese culture, associated with relationships and the Qixi Festival (七夕节, the Chinese Valentine's Day on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month). Meanings [number] Seven, the digit 7. Example Sentences 我每天早上七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at seven every morning. 这个星期有七天。 Zhège xīngqī yǒu qī tiān. There are seven days in a week....
隐私 (yǐnsī) — privacy; private matters
隐私 (yǐnsī) 隐私 refers to personal information, private matters, or the sphere of life that an individual wishes to keep confidential and protected from others, making it essential vocabulary in digital, legal, and social contexts. Meanings [noun] privacy; private affairs; personal secrets Example Sentences 保护个人隐私是现代法律体系的基本权利之一。 Bǎohù gèrén yǐnsī shì xiàndài fǎlǜ tǐxì de jīběn quánlì zhī yī. Protecting personal privacy is one of the fundamental rights of the modern legal...
合作 (hézuò) — to cooperate; cooperation
合作 (hézuò) 合作 means to work together toward a shared goal, and as a noun it refers to the cooperation or collaboration itself, used widely in business, international relations, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to cooperate; to collaborate; to work together [noun] cooperation; collaboration; partnership Example Sentences 两国决定在科技领域加强合作。 Liǎng guó juédìng zài kējì lǐngyù jiāqiáng hézuò. The two countries decided to strengthen cooperation in the field of science and technology....
出口 (chūkǒu) — export; exit
出口 (chūkǒu) 出口 has two main meanings: the export of goods from a country to foreign markets, and a physical exit or way out of a building, road, or enclosed space. Meanings [noun/verb] export; to export (goods to other countries) [noun] exit, way out (a physical opening through which one leaves) Example Sentences 中国是全球最大的商品出口国之一。 Zhōngguó shì quánqiú zuìdà de shāngpǐn chūkǒu guó zhī yī. China is one of the world's...
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) — to imagine; imagination
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) 想象 means to imagine or picture something in the mind, and as a noun it means imagination -- the creative faculty of forming mental images. Meanings [verb] to imagine; to picture [noun] imagination Example Sentences 你能想象未来是什么样子吗？ Nǐ néng xiǎngxiàng wèilái shì shénme yàngzi ma? Can you imagine what the future will look like? 他有丰富的想象力。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de xiǎngxiànglì. He has a rich imagination. 这个故事超出了我的想象。 Zhège gùshi chāochūle...
博弈 (bóyì) — game (theory), strategic contest
博弈 (bóyì) 博弈 originally referred to board games like chess and Go, but in modern Chinese it is widely used metaphorically to describe any strategic contest, competition, or interaction where multiple parties make calculated decisions in pursuit of their interests. Meanings [noun] strategic game, contest, game-theoretic interaction [verb] to engage in strategic competition, to play a game of competing interests Example Sentences 中美之间的贸易博弈正在深刻影响全球经济格局。 Zhōng-Měi zhī jiān de màoyì bóyì zhèngzài...
专业 (zhuānyè) — major; professional; specialized
专业 (zhuānyè) 专业 refers to a field of specialized study or professional expertise, and as an adjective it describes something done with high skill and expertise at a professional level. Meanings [noun] major; academic discipline; field of study or work [adjective] professional; specialized; expert-level Example Sentences 她大学选择了计算机科学专业，毕业后进入了一家知名科技公司。 Tā dàxué xuǎnzéle jìsuànjī kēxué zhuānyè, bìyè hòu jìnrùle yī jiā zhīmíng kējì gōngsī. She chose computer science as her major in college...
以前 (yǐqián) — before / in the past / previously
以前 (yǐqián) A time reference word meaning "before" a stated point in time, or "in the past" when used without a specific reference. Always refers to time earlier than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] Before (a specific time), prior to. [noun/adverb] In the past, previously, formerly. Example Sentences 吃饭以前，要洗手。 Chīfàn yǐqián, yào xǐ shǒu. Before eating, you should wash your hands. 以前，我不喜欢蔬菜。 Yǐqián, wǒ bù xǐhuān shūcài. In the past,...
只要…就… (zhǐyào...jiù...) — as long as... then...
只要…就… (zhǐyào...jiù...) 只要…就… expresses a conditional relationship where 只要 introduces the one condition that is sufficient for the result in the 就 clause to follow. It emphasizes that the condition is minimal: this alone is enough. Structure 只要 + [Condition] + 就 + [Result] The subject may appear before 只要 or between 只要 and the condition. Example Sentences 只要每天练习，就能进步。 Zhǐyào měitiān liànxí, jiù néng jìnbù. As long as you practice...
顺利 (shùnlì) — smooth; without a hitch; successful
顺利 (shùnlì) 顺利 describes a process or event that goes smoothly, without unexpected problems or obstacles. Meanings [adjective] Smooth; without a hitch; going well; successful. Example Sentences 祝你旅途顺利！ Zhù nǐ lǚtú shùnlì! Wishing you a smooth journey! 会议进行得很顺利。 Huìyì jìnxíng de hěn shùnlì. The meeting went very smoothly. 他顺利地通过了面试。 Tā shùnlì de tōngguòle miànshì. He passed the interview without a hitch. 希望你的手术顺利。 Xīwàng nǐ de shǒushù shùnlì. I hope your...
建立 (jiànlì) — to establish; to build; to set up
建立 (jiànlì) 建立 means to create or found something that did not previously exist, such as a system, relationship, or organization. Meanings [verb] to establish; to build; to set up; to found; to create Example Sentences 两国之间建立了良好的外交关系。 Liǎng guó zhījiān jiànlì le liánghǎo de wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries established good diplomatic relations. 他努力建立自己的事业。 Tā nǔlì jiànlì zìjǐ de shìyè. He worked hard to build his own career. 我们应该建立一个诚实的沟通方式。 Wǒmen...
随着 (suízhe) — along with; following; as
随着 (suízhe) 随着 means "along with" or "as (something changes/develops)." It introduces a driving factor or accompanying change, with the main clause describing what happens as a result. It highlights a parallel development between two things. Meanings [preposition] Along with; following; as — introduces a changing condition that is accompanied by a corresponding change in the main clause. Pattern 随着 + [changing factor] + [corresponding result/change] Example Sentences 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越方便。 Suízhe...
消极 (xiāojí) — negative; passive; pessimistic
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 describes a negative, passive, or pessimistic attitude or approach, the opposite of 积极 (positive, proactive). Meanings [adjective] negative; passive; pessimistic; lacking motivation or a positive outlook Example Sentences 我们不应该用消极的态度面对困难。 Wǒmen bù yīnggāi yòng xiāojí de tàidu miànduì kùnnán. We should not face difficulties with a negative attitude. 他最近情绪很消极，不愿意参加活动。 Tā zuìjìn qíngxù hěn xiāojí, bù yuànyì cānjiā huódòng. He has been very negative lately and unwilling to join...
案例 (ànlì) — case, case study
案例 (ànlì) A specific, documented instance or example -- used in legal, medical, academic, or business contexts for analysis, learning, or illustration. Meanings [noun] case, case study, example instance Example Sentences 法学院学生通过分析经典案例来理解法律原则。 Fǎxuéyuàn xuéshēng tōngguò fēnxī jīngdiǎn ànlì lái lǐjiě fǎlǜ yuánzé. Law school students understand legal principles by analyzing classic cases. 这个公司的成功案例被写入了多所商学院的教材。 Zhège gōngsī de chénggōng ànlì bèi xiě rùle duō suǒ shāngxuéyuàn de jiàocái. This company's success story...
信息 (xìnxī) — information; data; news
信息 (xìnxī) 信息 refers to information, data, or news that is communicated, stored, or processed. Meanings [noun] Information; data; news; message. Example Sentences 互联网让我们获取信息更加方便。 Hùliánwǎng ràng wǒmen huòqǔ xìnxī gèngjiā fāngbiàn. The internet makes it more convenient for us to access information. 请确保提供的信息准确无误。 Qǐng quèbǎo tígōng de xìnxī zhǔnquè wúwù. Please ensure the information provided is accurate and error-free. 我还没有收到关于面试的信息。 Wǒ hái méiyǒu shōudào guānyú miànshì de xìnxī. I have...
特征 (tèzhēng) — characteristic, feature
特征 (tèzhēng) 特征 refers to a distinctive characteristic or feature that identifies or distinguishes something, typically an observable or measurable quality that helps define what something is. Meanings [noun] characteristic, feature, distinguishing mark [noun] typical trait (that defines a category or type) Example Sentences 城镇化是现代社会发展的重要特征之一。 Chéngzhèn huà shì xiàndài shèhuì fāzhǎn de zhòng yào tèzhēng zhī yī. Urbanization is one of the important characteristics of modern social development. 这种植物最显著的特征是它鲜艳的红色叶片。 Zhè...
奇怪 (qíguài) — strange
奇怪 (qíguài) 奇怪 describes something that is strange, odd, or unexpected — outside of normal behavior, appearance, or events. It can also express puzzlement at something unusual. Meanings [adjective] Strange; odd; weird; unusual. Example Sentences 这件事很奇怪，我想不明白。 Zhè jiàn shì hěn qíguài, wǒ xiǎng bu míngbái. This thing is very strange; I can't figure it out. 他今天的行为很奇怪。 Tā jīntiān de xíngwéi hěn qíguài. His behavior today is very strange. 奇怪，钥匙怎么不见了？ Qíguài,...
辛辣 (xīnlà) — spicy, pungent
辛辣 (xīnlà) 辛辣 describes a sharp, pungent, or spicy taste typically caused by chili peppers, ginger, or other strong spices. It can also describe sharp, biting language or criticism. Meanings adjective spicy, pungent (having a hot or sharp flavor; also used figuratively for sharp criticism) Example Sentences 四川菜以辛辣著名。 Sìchuān cài yǐ xīnlà zhùmíng. Sichuan cuisine is famous for being spicy. 她不能吃太辛辣的食物。 Tā bù néng chī tài xīnlà de shíwù. She...
建议 (jiànyì) — to suggest; suggestion; recommendation
建议 (jiànyì) 建议 means to suggest or recommend something. It is commonly used to offer advice, make proposals in meetings, or put forward ideas for consideration. It is polite and constructive in tone, making it suitable for both professional and social contexts. Meanings [verb] To suggest; to recommend; to propose. [noun] Suggestion; recommendation; proposal. Example Sentences 我建议大家在做决定之前先充分讨论。 Wǒ jiànyì dàjiā zài zuò juédìng zhīqián xiān chōngfèn tǎolùn. I suggest everyone...
做 (zuò) — to do, to make
做 (zuò) 做 is a general-purpose verb meaning to do, to make, or to perform an activity. It is one of the most versatile verbs in Chinese and appears in countless everyday phrases. Meanings [verb] To do (an activity or task). [verb] To make (a physical object or food). [verb] To work as, to be (in a profession): 做老师 (be a teacher). Example Sentences 你在做什么？ Nǐ zài zuò shénme? What...
至少 (zhìshǎo) — at least; no less than
至少 (zhìshǎo) 至少 means "at least." It sets a minimum — the actual amount, frequency, or degree may be more, but it is guaranteed to be no less than what follows. It can modify numbers, time expressions, and frequency words. Meanings [adverb] At least; no less than; at a minimum — sets a lower bound on quantity, frequency, or degree. Example Sentences 你至少要喝八杯水。 Nǐ zhìshǎo yào hē bā bēi shuǐ....
羡慕 (xiànmù) — to envy; to admire
羡慕 (xiànmù) 羡慕 describes the feeling of admiring someone else's qualities, situation, or possessions and wishing you had the same. It combines admiration with a gentle longing, and unlike the English word "envy," it does not necessarily carry a negative or resentful connotation in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to envy; to admire with longing; to look up to and wish you had the same Example Sentences 她羡慕同事能流利地说三门外语，决心也开始认真学习语言。 Tā xiànmù tóngshì néng...
其实 (qíshí) — actually, in fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 is an adverb meaning "actually" or "in fact." It typically introduces a statement that corrects a misunderstanding, reveals a truth, or contrasts with what someone assumed. It often appears at the start of a clause. Meanings [adverb] Actually, in fact (introduces a correction or revelation). Example Sentences 他看起来很严格，其实很好相处。 Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yángé, qíshí hěn hǎo xiāngchǔ. He looks very strict, but actually he is easy to...
律师 (lǜshī) — lawyer
律师 (lǜshī) 律师 is the standard word for a lawyer or attorney -- a professional who provides legal advice and represents clients in legal matters. Meanings [noun] lawyer; attorney Example Sentences 她是一位有名的律师。 Tā shì yī wèi yǒumíng de lǜshī. She is a well-known lawyer. 我需要请一位律师。 Wǒ xūyào qǐng yī wèi lǜshī. I need to hire a lawyer. 律师帮他赢了官司。 Lǜshī bāng tā yíngle guānsī. The lawyer helped him win the lawsuit....
强 (qiáng) — strong / powerful
强 (qiáng) 强 means strong, powerful, or capable. It is used to describe physical strength, ability, national power, or superiority in comparison. It is the opposite of 弱 (ruò, weak). It can also mean to be better than or surpass. Meanings [adjective] Strong; powerful; capable. [adjective] Superior; better than (in comparison). Example Sentences 他的身体很强壮。 Tā de shēntǐ hěn qiángzhuàng. His body is very strong. 她的英语比我强多了。 Tā de Yīngyǔ bǐ wǒ...
敏感 (mǐngǎn) — sensitive
敏感 (mǐngǎn) Describes something or someone that reacts strongly to stimuli, emotions, or social pressures -- or a topic that requires delicacy because it can easily cause offense or controversy. Meanings [adjective] sensitive (physically, emotionally, or socially/politically) Example Sentences 她皮肤很敏感，用普通化妆品容易过敏。 Tā pífū hěn mǐngǎn, yòng pǔtōng huàzhuāngpǐn róngyì guòmǐn. Her skin is very sensitive, and ordinary cosmetics easily cause allergic reactions. 记者被提醒不要触碰某些政治上的敏感话题。 Jìzhě bèi tíxǐng bùyào chùpèng mǒuxiē zhèngzhì shàng...
倡导 (chàngdǎo) — to advocate; to promote
倡导 (chàngdǎo) 倡导 means to actively promote or advocate for a particular idea, value, practice, or cause, often used when someone or an organization takes a leading role in encouraging others to adopt a behavior or belief. Meanings [verb] to advocate; to promote; to champion (to actively encourage or promote an idea, value, or behavior) Example Sentences 政府大力倡导健康生活方式，鼓励市民多运动、少喝酒、戒烟。 Zhèngfǔ dàlì chàngdǎo jiànkāng shēnghuó fāngshì, gǔlì shìmín duō yùndòng, shǎo hējiǔ,...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary; common; standard
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or standard. It describes things that are typical and unremarkable. Its most famous compound is 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà), the standard Mandarin Chinese language. As an adjective it appears before nouns (普通的人 — an ordinary person) or after 很 (很普通 — very ordinary/nothing special). Meanings [adj] Ordinary; common — not special, typical of its kind. [adj] Standard; regular — as opposed to premium or specialized. Example...
授权 (shòuquán) — to authorize; authorization
授权 (shòuquán) 授权 means to authorize or grant authority, referring to the act of giving someone official permission or delegating power to act on one's behalf. Meanings [verb] to authorize; to grant permission; to delegate authority [noun] authorization; granted permission Example Sentences 经理授权他处理这个紧急项目。 Jīnglǐ shòuquán tā chǔlǐ zhège jǐnjí xiàngmù. The manager authorized him to handle this urgent project. 没有授权，不能访问这些文件。 Méiyǒu shòuquán, bù néng fǎngwèn zhèxiē wénjiàn. Without authorization, these...
舆论 (yúlùn) — public opinion
舆论 (yúlùn) 舆论 refers to the collective opinion of the public, especially as expressed through media, social networks, and public discussion. It is the standard term in Chinese for public opinion and public discourse. Meanings [noun] public opinion; public discourse; media opinion; the court of public opinion Example Sentences 这起事件在网络上迅速发酵，引发了强烈的社会舆论关注。 Zhè qǐ shìjiàn zài wǎngluò shàng xùnsù fājiào, yǐnfāle qiángliè de shèhuì yúlùn guānzhù. This incident quickly fermented online, triggering...
自动化 (zìdònghuà) — automation
自动化 (zìdònghuà) 自动化 refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal or no human intervention. It is central to discussions of industrial production, artificial intelligence, and the future of work. Meanings [noun] automation; the process or state of being automated [verb] to automate; to make (a process) automated Example Sentences 工厂引入自动化生产线后，效率大幅提升，人工成本显著降低。 Gōngchǎng yǐnrù zìdònghuà shēngchǎn xiàn hòu, xiàolǜ dàfú tíshēng, réngōng chéngběn xiǎnzhù jiàngdī. After factories introduced...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand / clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand something clearly, or to describe something as clear and obvious. Meanings [verb] to understand; to realize [adjective] clear; obvious; plain Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？ Nǐ míngbai wǒ de yìsi ma? Do you understand what I mean? 我现在终于明白了。 Wǒ xiànzài zhōngyú míngbaile. I finally understand now. 他把问题说得很明白。 Tā bǎ wèntí shuō de hěn míngbai. He explained the problem very clearly. 这件事情你要明白。 Zhè jiàn shìqíng nǐ yào...
其实 (qíshí) — actually; in fact; as a matter of fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 means "actually" or "in fact." It introduces the real truth of a situation, often gently correcting a mistaken belief, assumption, or appearance. The speaker signals: what you think is not quite right — here is what is truly the case. Meanings [adverb] Actually; in fact; as a matter of fact; in reality — reveals a truth that contrasts with appearance or assumption. Example Sentences 他看起来很严肃，其实很幽默。 Tā kàn...
简化 (jiǎnhuà) — to simplify, to streamline
简化 (jiǎnhuà) 简化 means to simplify or streamline something by reducing unnecessary complexity while retaining its essential function or meaning. Meanings [verb] to simplify, to streamline, to reduce complexity [noun] simplification (often as a modifier: 简化字 simplified characters) Example Sentences 政府出台措施简化行政审批程序，提高办事效率。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái cuòshī jiǎnhuà xíngzhèng shěnpī chéngxù, tígāo bànshì xiàolǜ. The government has introduced measures to simplify administrative approval procedures and improve efficiency. 汉字简化是中国在上世纪五十年代推行的文字改革。 Hànzì jiǎnhuà shì Zhōngguó zài...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary / common
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or average. It describes something or someone that is not special or exceptional. A key compound is 普通话 (Mandarin Chinese), literally "common speech," the standard spoken language of China. A related word is 一般 (yībān), which also means ordinary or general. Both can often be used interchangeably in sentences like 这很普通 and 这很一般, but 普通话 is the fixed, official name for Mandarin and cannot...
表演 (biǎoyǎn) — to perform / performance
表演 (biǎoyǎn) 表演 functions as both a verb meaning to perform and a noun meaning a performance or show. It covers all types of artistic performance including music, dance, acting, and acrobatics. Meanings [verb] To perform; to put on a show; to act. [noun] Performance; show; act; demonstration. Example Sentences 孩子们在舞台上表演了一首歌。 Háizimen zài wǔtái shang biǎoyǎn le yī shǒu gē. The children performed a song on stage. 今晚的表演非常精彩。 Jīn wǎn...
表明 (biǎomíng) — to indicate; to make clear
表明 (biǎomíng) 表明 means to make something evident or explicit, whether through actions, data, or statements, and is a formal alternative to 说明 when emphasizing that a fact or stance is clearly revealed. Meanings [verb] to indicate; to show; to make clear; to express Example Sentences 数据表明，今年的经济增长超出预期。 Shùjù biǎomíng, jīnnián de jīngjì zēngzhǎng chāochū yùqī. The data indicates that this year's economic growth has exceeded expectations. 他的行动表明他对这项工作非常认真。 Tā de xíngdòng...
性能 (xìngnéng) — performance; capability
性能 (xìngnéng) 性能 refers to the performance, capability, or functional properties of a machine, product, system, or material, describing how well it performs its intended function. Meanings [noun] performance; capability; functional properties (of a machine, product, or system) Example Sentences 这款新型电动汽车的性能非常出色，续航里程超过了五百公里。 Zhè kuǎn xīnxíng diàndòng qìchē de xìngnéng fēicháng chūsè, xùháng lǐchéng chāoguòle wǔbǎi gōnglǐ. The performance of this new electric vehicle is excellent, with a range of over five...
此外 (cǐwài) — besides; in addition; furthermore
此外 (cǐwài) 此外 means "besides this" or "in addition to this." It links two sentences by signaling that a new, supplementary point is being added. It typically opens a new sentence or clause rather than connecting two parts within one clause. Meanings [conjunction] Besides; in addition; furthermore; apart from this — used to add a point that supplements what was just said. Example Sentences 我会说中文，此外，我还会说日语。 Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén, cǐwài,...
否认 (fǒurèn) — to deny; to negate
否认 (fǒurèn) 否认 means to deny or refuse to acknowledge something, asserting that a claim or accusation is not true. Meanings [verb] to deny, negate, or refuse to acknowledge a fact or accusation Example Sentences 他否认了所有的指控。 Tā fǒurèn le suǒyǒu de zhǐkòng. He denied all the accusations. 你不能否认这件事情的重要性。 Nǐ bù néng fǒurèn zhè jiàn shìqing de zhòngyào xìng. You cannot deny the importance of this matter. 她否认自己曾经说过那句话。 Tā fǒurèn zìjǐ...
钥匙 (yàoshi) — key
钥匙 (yàoshi) 钥匙 is the everyday word for a key — the physical object used to lock and unlock doors, cars, cabinets, and so on. The second character 匙 (spoon / key) carries a neutral tone in speech; the full word is pronounced yàoshi. It is also used metaphorically for the "key" to solving a problem. Meanings [noun] Key (for a lock); a physical key. [noun] Key (figurative) — the...
投入 (tóurù) — to invest; to put into; input; absorbed
投入 (tóurù) 投入 means to put something into a project, cause, or activity, either in terms of money, energy, or effort. It can also function as a noun meaning "input" or an adjective meaning deeply absorbed or engaged. Meanings [verb] to put into; to invest (resources, energy, effort) in something; to throw oneself into [noun] input; investment; the amount put in [adjective] absorbed; engrossed; deeply engaged Example Sentences 政府加大了对基础教育的投入，新建了数百所农村学校。 Zhèngfǔ...
姐姐 (jiějiě) — older sister
姐姐 (jiějiě) 姐姐 means older sister. Like 哥哥, it specifically refers to a sister who is older than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Older sister, elder sister. Example Sentences 我姐姐在上海读书。 Wǒ jiějiě zài Shànghǎi dúshū. My older sister is studying in Shanghai. 姐姐比我大三岁。 Jiějiě bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. My older sister is three years older than me. 你的姐姐漂亮吗？ Nǐ de jiějiě piàoliang ma? Is your older sister beautiful? 姐姐每天都打电话给我。 Jiějiě...
血压 (xuèyā) — blood pressure
血压 (xuèyā) 血压 refers to the pressure of blood as it flows through the arteries. It is an important medical term used in health check-ups and discussions about cardiovascular health. Meanings [noun] blood pressure; the force exerted by blood against artery walls Example Sentences 他的血压有点高，医生让他少吃盐。 Tā de xuèyā yǒudiǎn gāo, yīshēng ràng tā shǎo chī yán. His blood pressure is a bit high, so the doctor told him to eat...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly; in particular
尤其 (yóuqí) 尤其 highlights one item or situation as standing out above others, equivalent to "especially" or "particularly" in English. Meanings [adverb] Especially; particularly; in particular (singles out one thing as most notable). Example Sentences 我喜欢中国菜，尤其是四川菜。 Wǒ xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài, yóuqí shì Sìchuān cài. I like Chinese food, especially Sichuan cuisine. 这里夏天很热，尤其是七月和八月。 Zhèlǐ xiàtiān hěn rè, yóuqí shì qīyuè hé bāyuè. It is very hot here in summer, particularly in...
了 (le) — completion and change-of-state particle
了 (le) 了 is not a simple past tense marker. It has two positions and two related functions: post-verb 了 marks the completion of an action, while sentence-final 了 marks a change of state or a currently relevant new situation. Meanings [particle — post-verb] Marks that an action has been completed (perfective aspect). [particle — sentence-final] Marks a new situation or change of state; also used for emphasis or to...
学习 (xuéxí) — study; to study, to learn
学习 (xuéxí) 学习 works as both a noun meaning "study" or "learning" and a verb meaning "to study" or "to learn." 学 (xué) means to learn or imitate, and 习 (xí) means to practice repeatedly. Together they capture the cycle of learning and practicing. Meanings [noun] Study, learning. [verb] To study, to learn (through practice and repetition). Example Sentences 我每天学习两个小时的汉语。 Wǒ měitiān xuéxí liǎng gè xiǎoshí de Hànyǔ. I study...
本质 (běnzhì) — essence, nature
本质 (běnzhì) 本质 refers to the fundamental, underlying essence or true nature of something, as opposed to its surface appearance, often used in philosophical and analytical contexts to distinguish reality from appearance. Meanings [noun] essence, fundamental nature, true nature [adjective] essential, fundamental (in compound structures) Example Sentences 透过现象看本质，是哲学思考的基本要求。 Tòuguò xiànxiàng kàn běnzhì, shì zhéxué sīkǎo de jīběn yāoqiú. Looking through phenomena to see the essence is a basic requirement of...
义务 (yìwù) — duty; obligation
义务 (yìwù) 义务 refers to a moral, legal, or social duty or obligation that a person is required or expected to fulfill, often contrasted with 权利 (rights). Meanings [noun] duty; obligation; responsibility (something one is morally or legally required to do) [adjective] obligatory; free of charge; voluntary (in compounds like 义务教育) Example Sentences 纳税是每个公民应尽的义务，也是支持社会发展的重要方式。 Nàshuì shì měi gè gōngmín yīng jìn de yìwù, yě shì zhīchí shèhuì fāzhǎn de zhòngyào...
潜在 (qiánzài) — Potential, latent, hidden
潜在 (qiánzài) 潜在 describes something that exists beneath the surface or has not yet fully manifested -- potential risk, hidden talent, or latent capacity that may emerge under the right conditions. Meanings [adj] potential; latent; hidden; underlying Example Sentences 这个市场有着巨大的潜在商机，值得深入研究。 Zhège shìchǎng yǒuzhe jùdà de qiánzài shāngjī, zhídé shēnrù yánjiū. This market has enormous potential business opportunities worth in-depth research. 我们必须识别并降低项目中的潜在风险。 Wǒmen bìxū shíbié bìng jiàngdī xiàngmù zhōng de qiánzài...
妹妹 (mèimei) — younger sister
妹妹 (mèimei) 妹妹 means younger sister. It refers to a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger sister, little sister. Example Sentences 我妹妹很可爱。 Wǒ mèimei hěn kě'ài. My younger sister is very cute. 妹妹喜欢唱歌。 Mèimei xǐhuān chànggē. My younger sister likes to sing. 你有妹妹吗？ Nǐ yǒu mèimei ma? Do you have a younger sister? 我的妹妹比我小五岁。 Wǒ de mèimei bǐ wǒ xiǎo wǔ suì. My younger sister...
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) — challenge; to challenge
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) 挑战 refers to a difficult task or situation that tests one's abilities and requires effort to overcome, as well as the act of challenging someone or something. It carries both positive (opportunity to grow) and neutral connotations. Meanings [noun] challenge; a test of ability; a demanding situation [verb] to challenge; to test; to take on (a difficulty or opponent) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展对传统就业市场提出了前所未有的挑战。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn duì...
间接 (jiànjiē) — indirect; roundabout
间接 (jiànjiē) 间接 means "indirect" or "roundabout" and describes something that does not happen directly but through an intermediate step or agent. Meanings [adjective] indirect; not direct; roundabout Example Sentences 他间接地表达了自己的不满。 Tā jiànjiē de biǎodá le zìjǐ de bùmǎn. He expressed his dissatisfaction indirectly. 污染对健康的间接影响不可忽视。 Wūrǎn duì jiànkāng de jiànjiē yǐngxiǎng bù kě hūshì. The indirect effects of pollution on health cannot be ignored. 他们通过间接渠道获取了信息。 Tāmen tōngguò jiànjiē qúdào huòqǔ...
理性 (lǐxìng) — Rationality, rational
理性 (lǐxìng) 理性 refers to the capacity for rational, logical thinking that is based on reason rather than emotion or impulse. It describes both the quality of being rational and the faculty of reason itself. Meanings [noun] rationality; reason; rational thinking [adj] rational; reasonable; logical; level-headed Example Sentences 面对危机，保持理性判断是解决问题的关键。 Miànduì wēijī, bǎochí lǐxìng pànduàn shì jiějué wèntí de guānjiàn. When facing a crisis, maintaining rational judgment is the key to...
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) — hotel
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) 宾馆 is the standard Mandarin word for a hotel or guesthouse. It is used for mid-range to upscale accommodations. Related words: 酒店 (jiǔdiàn) is also common for hotel, and 旅馆 (lǚguǎn) refers to a smaller, more basic inn. Meanings [noun] Hotel; guesthouse. A place that provides lodging for paying guests. Example Sentences 我住在市中心的一家宾馆里。 Wǒ zhù zài shì zhōngxīn de yī jiā bīnguǎn lǐ. I am staying at a...
海平面 (hǎi píngmiàn) — Sea level
海平面 (hǎi píngmiàn) 海平面 refers to the average surface level of the world's oceans, used as a standard reference for measuring elevations and for discussing the effects of climate change on coastlines and low-lying areas. Meanings [noun] sea level; mean sea level Example Sentences 气候变化导致极地冰盖融化，海平面持续上升。 Qìhòu biànhuà dǎozhì jídì bīnggài rónghùa, hǎi píngmiàn chíxù shàngshēng. Climate change causes polar ice caps to melt, leading to a continuous rise in sea...
八 (bā) — eight
八 (bā) The number eight, considered the luckiest number in Chinese culture because bā sounds similar to 发 (fā, to prosper/get rich); license plates, phone numbers, and addresses containing 八 command premium prices. Meanings [number] Eight, the digit 8. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours every day. 他用八万块钱买了一辆车。 Tā yòng bā wàn kuài qián mǎile yī liàng chē. He bought a car for...
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) — application; app
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) An application or app is a software program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user, whether on a computer, smartphone, or other device. Meanings [noun] application; app; software application; program Example Sentences 这款应用程序可以帮助用户管理日常任务和日程安排。 Zhè kuǎn yìngyòng chéngxù kěyǐ bāngzhù yònghù guǎnlǐ rìcháng rènwù hé rìchéng ānpái. This application can help users manage daily tasks and schedules. 下载这个应用程序需要注册账户并同意服务条款。 Xiàzài zhège yìngyòng chéngxù xūyào zhùcè zhànghù...
准备 (zhǔnbèi) — to prepare
准备 (zhǔnbèi) 准备 means to prepare or get ready. It is used before a noun (prepare something) or before a verb phrase (prepare to do something / plan to do something). Meanings [verb] To prepare; to get ready; to make preparations. [verb] To plan to; to intend to (followed by a verb). Example Sentences 我在准备考试。 Wǒ zài zhǔnbèi kǎoshì. I am preparing for the exam. 你准备好了吗？ Nǐ zhǔnbèi hǎo le...
丰富 (fēngfù) — rich; abundant; to enrich
丰富 (fēngfù) 丰富 describes something that is plentiful or varied, and can also be used as a verb meaning to make something richer or more varied. Meanings [adjective] rich; abundant — having a large amount or great variety [verb] to enrich; to broaden — to make something more plentiful or varied Example Sentences 这里的文化生活很丰富。 Zhèlǐ de wénhuà shēnghuó hěn fēngfù. The cultural life here is very rich. 阅读能丰富我们的知识。 Yuèdú néng...
探讨 (tàntǎo) — to explore; to investigate
探讨 (tàntǎo) 探讨 means to explore or investigate a topic through inquiry, discussion, or research, with a connotation of open-minded, collaborative search for understanding. Meanings [verb] to explore; to investigate; to examine through inquiry [verb] to deliberate on; to probe into (an issue or topic) Example Sentences 这篇论文探讨了人工智能对就业市场的潜在影响。 Zhè piān lùnwén tàntǎole réngōng zhìnéng duì jiùyè shìchǎng de qiánzài yǐngxiǎng. This paper explores the potential impact of artificial intelligence on...
经历 (jīnglì) — experience; to experience
经历 (jīnglì) 经历 refers to lived experience or the act of going through something personally, emphasizing the process rather than just the knowledge gained. Meanings [noun] experience; personal history; what one has been through [verb] to experience; to go through; to live through Example Sentences 他有丰富的工作经历。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de gōngzuò jīnglì. He has rich work experience. 这次旅行是我一生中最难忘的经历。 Zhè cì lǚxíng shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì nánwàng de jīnglì. This...
复杂 (fùzá) — complex; complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that has many interrelated parts, is difficult to understand or deal with, and cannot be reduced to simple terms -- complex or complicated. Meanings [adjective] complex; complicated; intricate; involved Example Sentences 人际关系有时非常复杂，难以处理。 Rénjì guānxi yǒushí fēicháng fùzá, nán yǐ chǔlǐ. Interpersonal relationships are sometimes very complicated and difficult to handle. 这个问题比看起来复杂得多。 Zhège wèntí bǐ kàn qǐlái fùzá de duō. This problem is much more complex...
公民 (gōngmín) — citizen
公民 (gōngmín) 公民 refers to a citizen — a person who is a legally recognized member of a country and who holds certain rights and responsibilities under its laws. Meanings n citizen, national Example Sentences 每位公民都有权利参与民主选举。 Měi wèi gōngmín dōu yǒu quánlì cānyù mínzhǔ xuǎnjǔ. Every citizen has the right to participate in democratic elections. 公民有责任遵守国家的法律。 Gōngmín yǒu zérèn zūnshǒu guójiā de fǎlǜ. Citizens have a responsibility to obey the...
向 (xiàng) — toward / facing
向 (xiàng) 向 is a preposition meaning toward or in the direction of. It introduces the target of movement or orientation. It is also used to indicate asking, reporting, or learning from someone. It can precede a person or place. Meanings [preposition] Toward; in the direction of. [preposition] To (a person); from (expressing who an action is directed at). Example Sentences 向左转。 Xiàng zuǒ zhuǎn. Turn left (toward the left)....
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient; easy to use
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 describes things that are convenient, handy, or easy to do. It can describe locations (交通方便 — convenient transport), actions (这样做比较方便 — this way is more convenient), or be used in polite requests (方便的话… — if it's convenient for you…). Meanings [adj] Convenient; handy — easy to use, access, or do. [adj] Suitable; appropriate — used in polite questions about whether the time is right. Example Sentences 这里交通很方便。...
硬件 (yìngjiàn) — hardware
硬件 (yìngjiàn) 硬件 refers to the physical components of a computer system or electronic device, as opposed to software, and is also used figuratively to describe physical infrastructure or tangible resources. Meanings [noun] hardware (computer/electronic components) [noun] physical infrastructure; tangible equipment (figurative) Example Sentences 这台电脑的硬件配置已经无法满足现代游戏的要求。 Zhè tái diànnǎo de yìngjiàn pèizhì yǐjīng wúfǎ mǎnzú xiàndài yóuxì de yāoqiú. The hardware configuration of this computer can no longer meet the requirements...
哥哥 (gēge) — older brother
哥哥 (gēge) 哥哥 means older brother. In Chinese culture, age order among siblings is built into the vocabulary itself, with distinct words for older and younger siblings of each gender. Meanings [noun] Older brother, elder brother. Example Sentences 我哥哥在北京工作。 Wǒ gēge zài Běijīng gōngzuò. My older brother works in Beijing. 哥哥比我高。 Gēge bǐ wǒ gāo. My older brother is taller than me. 你有哥哥吗？ Nǐ yǒu gēge ma? Do you have...
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) — social influence
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) 社会影响 refers to the ways in which the presence, behavior, or attitudes of other people affect an individual's own thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is a fundamental concept in social psychology and sociology. 社会影响 can be direct, such as peer pressure, or indirect, such as cultural norms. Meanings noun social influence, the impact of society or social groups on individual behavior Example Sentences 社会影响对青少年的行为有重要作用。 Shèhuì yǐngxiǎng duì...
年级 (niánjí) — grade / year level
年级 (niánjí) 年级 means grade or year level at school. It refers to the stage of study in school, equivalent to Grade 1, Grade 2, etc. It is used with ordinal numbers and the measure 年级 itself: 一年级 (first grade), 三年级 (third grade). Meanings [noun] Grade; year level (in school); school year. Example Sentences 你现在是几年级？ Nǐ xiànzài shì jǐ niánjí? What grade are you in now? 我是初中三年级的学生。 Wǒ shì chūzhōng...
诚信 (chéngxìn) — integrity; good faith
诚信 (chéngxìn) 诚信 encapsulates the twin virtues of honesty (诚) and trustworthiness (信), and is one of the most highly valued concepts in Chinese social and business ethics, frequently invoked in discussions of personal character, business conduct, and societal values. Meanings [noun] integrity; good faith; honesty and trustworthiness Example Sentences 诚信是做人的基本原则。 Chéngxìn shì zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Integrity is a fundamental principle of being a good person. 这家公司以诚信经营赢得了客户的信赖。 Zhè jiā...
变 (biàn) — to change
变 (biàn) 变 means to change or become something different. It describes a transformation in state, appearance, or quality. It is often followed by an adjective describing the new state. Meanings [verb] To change; to become; to transform. Example Sentences 天气突然变冷了。 Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le. The weather suddenly became cold. 他变了很多，我都认不出来了。 Tā biàn le hěn duō, wǒ dōu rèn bù chūlái le. He has changed so much I almost...
数字 (shùzì) — number; digit
数字 (shùzì) 数字 refers to a written numeral or digit, and can also refer to any numerical figure or statistic. Meanings [noun] number; numeral; digit; figure Example Sentences 这个数字太大了，我数不清。 Zhège shùzì tài dà le, wǒ shǔ bù qīng. This number is too large; I cannot count it. 请在这里填写你的手机号码数字。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ tiánxiě nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ shùzì. Please write your mobile phone number digits here. 那个公司的销售数字每年都在增长。 Nàgè gōngsī de xiāoshòu...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so; therefore
所以 (suǒyǐ) 所以 means "so" or "therefore." It introduces the result or conclusion that follows from the reason stated, often paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because). Meanings [conjunction] So; therefore; as a result (introduces the consequence or conclusion clause). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi qù. Because it was raining, so I did not go. 他很努力，所以成绩很好。 Tā hěn nǔlì, suǒyǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He works very hard, so...
皮肤 (pífū) — skin
皮肤 (pífū) 皮肤 means skin, referring to the outer layer of the human body. It is used in contexts related to appearance, health, and skincare. Meanings [noun] Skin; complexion; the outer surface of the body. Example Sentences 她的皮肤很白很光滑。 Tā de pífū hěn bái hěn guānghuá. Her skin is very fair and smooth. 夏天要注意保护皮肤。 Xiàtiān yào zhùyì bǎohù pífū. In summer you need to pay attention to protecting your skin. 这种面霜对皮肤很好。...
第一 (dìyī) — first
第一 (dìyī) The ordinal number "first," formed by placing the prefix 第 (dì) before any cardinal number; this pattern applies to all ordinals (第二 = second, 第三 = third, etc.) and is used in sequences, rankings, and lists. Meanings [ordinal number] First, number one in a sequence or ranking. [adjective] Primary, most important (第一重要 = of primary importance). Example Sentences 她是我们班第一名。 Tā shì wǒmen bān dìyī míng. She is first...
温度 (wēndù) — temperature
温度 (wēndù) 温度 means temperature. It refers to the measurable degree of heat or cold in an object, body, or environment. 温 means warm or temperature, and 度 means degree. Related words include 气温 (air temperature), 体温 (body temperature), and 室温 (room temperature). China uses the Celsius scale, so when someone says 今天三十五度 (35 degrees today), they mean 35 degrees Celsius, which is very hot. Meanings [noun] Temperature; the degree...
服务器 (fúwùqì) — server
服务器 (fúwùqì) A computer or software system that stores, processes, and delivers data or services to other computers (clients) connected through a network -- the backbone of the internet and enterprise IT. Meanings [noun] server (computing) Example Sentences 网站因服务器故障而暂时无法访问。 Wǎngzhàn yīn fúwùqì gùzhàng ér zànshí wúfǎ fǎngwèn. The website is temporarily inaccessible due to a server malfunction. 公司将数据迁移到了云服务器上以降低运营成本。 Gōngsī jiāng shùjù qiānyí dàole yún fúwùqì shàng yǐ jiàngdī yùnyíng chéngběn....
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming
游泳 (yóuyǒng) A verb-object compound meaning to swim. Also used as a noun to refer to the sport or activity of swimming. The object 泳 (the swimming stroke/motion) is inseparable in most common uses. Meanings [verb] To swim. [noun] Swimming (as an activity or sport). Example Sentences 他每天早上去游泳。 Tā měi tiān zǎoshang qù yóuyǒng. He goes swimming every morning. 你会游泳吗？ Nǐ huì yóuyǒng ma? Can you swim? 游泳对身体很好。 Yóuyǒng duì...
过程 (guòchéng) — process; course; procedure
过程 (guòchéng) 过程 means "process," "course," or "procedure" and refers to a series of steps or stages through which something develops or is accomplished. Meanings [noun] process; course; procedure; progress Example Sentences 学习语言是一个漫长的过程。 Xuéxí yǔyán shì yīgè màncháng de guòchéng. Learning a language is a long process. 在这个过程中，我们遇到了很多困难。 Zài zhège guòchéng zhōng, wǒmen yùdào le hěn duō kùnnán. During this process, we encountered many difficulties. 生产过程必须严格控制质量。 Shēngchǎn guòchéng bìxū yángé...
改变 (gǎibiàn) — to change; to alter; change
改变 (gǎibiàn) 改变 refers to a meaningful shift or transformation in something — a state, a plan, an attitude, or a situation — and works as both verb and noun. Meanings [verb] To change, to alter, to transform. [noun] A change, an alteration, a transformation. Example Sentences 出国留学的经历从根本上改变了他看待世界的方式。 Chūguó liúxué de jīnglì cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le tā kàndài shìjiè de fāngshì. The experience of studying abroad fundamentally changed the...
生病 (shēng bìng) — to get sick, to fall ill
生病 (shēng bìng) A verb-object compound meaning to become sick or to fall ill. 生 means to give rise to, and 病 means illness. Used when someone has become unwell. Meanings [verb] To get sick, to fall ill, to be sick. Example Sentences 他生病了，在家休息。 Tā shēng bìng le, zài jiā xiūxi. He got sick and is resting at home. 天气变化大，容易生病。 Tiānqì biànhuà dà, róngyì shēng bìng. When the weather changes...
口语 (kǒuyǔ) — spoken language
口语 (kǒuyǔ) 口语 refers specifically to spoken language or colloquial speech, as distinguished from written language (书面语). Meanings [noun] spoken language; oral language; colloquial speech [noun] speaking ability; oral proficiency Example Sentences 她的中文口语非常流利。 Tā de Zhōngwén kǒuyǔ fēicháng liúlì. Her spoken Chinese is very fluent. 我需要多练习口语，不只是写字。 Wǒ xūyào duō liànxí kǒuyǔ, bù zhǐshì xiě zì. I need to practice speaking more, not just writing. 这个词在口语中很常用。 Zhège cí zài kǒuyǔ zhōng...
记住 (jì zhù) — to remember / memorize
记住 (jì zhù) 记住 is a verb meaning to remember or memorize something firmly. The complement 住 indicates that the result of the action 记 (to record/remember) is secured — the information is fixed in memory and will not slip away. Meanings [verb] To remember; to keep in mind; to memorize successfully. [verb] To make sure to remember; to bear in mind (often used as an instruction). Example Sentences 你一定要记住这个单词。...
照顾 (zhàogù) — to take care of
照顾 (zhàogù) 照顾 means to take care of or look after someone, attending to their daily needs or wellbeing. It is used for looking after children, the elderly, patients, or anyone who needs assistance. Meanings [verb] To take care of; to look after; to attend to; to care for. Example Sentences 妈妈每天照顾生病的爸爸。 Māma měitiān zhàogù shēngbìng de bàba. Mom takes care of sick dad every day. 谢谢你照顾我的孩子。 Xièxiè nǐ zhàogù...
推动 (tuīdòng) — to push forward; to promote; to drive
推动 (tuīdòng) 推动 means to cause something to advance, develop, or progress, either physically or figuratively, equivalent to "to push forward," "to promote," or "to drive." Meanings [verb] To push forward; to promote; to drive; to propel (to cause advancement or development). Example Sentences 科技的发展推动了社会的进步。 Kējì de fāzhǎn tuīdòng le shèhuì de jìnbù. The development of technology has driven social progress. 政府出台了新政策来推动经济发展。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn zhèngcè lái tuīdòng jīngjì...
电视 (diànshì) — television
电视 (diànshì) A noun meaning television or TV. It combines 电 (electricity) and 视 (see/vision). The word refers to both the television set and to television as a medium. Meanings [noun] Television, TV set. [noun] Television as a medium (watching TV in general). Example Sentences 你喜欢看电视吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān kàn diànshì ma? Do you like watching TV? 这台电视很大。 Zhè tái diànshì hěn dà. This television set is very big. 他每天晚上看两个小时的电视。 Tā...
精确 (jīngquè) — precise; accurate
精确 (jīngquè) 精确 describes measurements, data, language, or actions that are exact and free of error. It conveys a higher degree of accuracy than simply 准确 and is common in scientific, technical, and analytical contexts. Meanings [adjective] precise; exact; accurate; pinpoint Example Sentences 科学实验要求数据记录必须精确，不能有丝毫误差。 Kēxué shíyàn yāoqiú shùjù jìlù bìxū jīngquè, bù néng yǒu sīháo wùchā. Scientific experiments require that data records be precise, with not the slightest margin of...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) 影响 means to influence or affect. It describes one thing having an effect on another, positively or negatively. As a noun it refers to the influence or impact itself. Meanings [verb] To influence; to affect; to impact. [noun] An influence; an effect; an impact. Example Sentences 天气影响了我们的计划。 Tiānqì yǐngxiǎng le wǒmen de jìhuà. The weather affected our plans. 他对我有很大的影响。 Tā duì wǒ yǒu hěn dà de yǐngxiǎng. He...
文学流派 (wénxué liúpài) — literary movement, school
文学流派 (wénxué liúpài) 文学流派 refers to a school or movement in literature defined by shared ideology, style, or historical period. Unlike 风格 (fēnggé), which describes an individual writer's style, 流派 implies a collective identity. The term is standard in academic and critical discourse about literary history. Meanings [n] literary movement; literary school; a grouping of writers united by shared aesthetic or ideological principles Example Sentences 浪漫主义是十九世纪欧洲最重要的文学流派之一。 Làngmàn zhǔyì shì shíjiǔ...
换乘 (huànchéng) — to transfer (transit)
换乘 (huànchéng) 换乘 means to transfer or change from one mode of transport to another during a journey, such as switching subway lines, buses, or trains. 换 means to change or switch, and 乘 means to ride or board a vehicle. Meanings [verb] To transfer; to change vehicles, lines, or modes of transportation mid-journey. Example Sentences 在这里换乘二号线。 Zài zhèlǐ huànchéng èr hào xiàn. Transfer to Line 2 here. 我需要在北京换乘火车。 Wǒ...
知识 (zhīshì) — knowledge
知识 (zhīshì) 知识 refers to the body of facts, principles, and understanding gained through experience or education, a fundamental concept in learning, science, and philosophy. Meanings [noun] knowledge; information; learning Example Sentences 掌握扎实的基础知识是进一步深造的前提。 Zhǎngwò zhāshi de jīchǔ zhīshì shì jìnyībù shēnzào de qiántí. Mastering solid foundational knowledge is a prerequisite for further advanced study. 互联网使人们获取知识的方式发生了根本性变化。 Hùliánwǎng shǐ rénmen huòqǔ zhīshì de fāngshì fāshēng le gēnběnxìng biànhuà. The internet has fundamentally...
仔细 (zǐxì) — Careful / attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 means to be careful, attentive, and thorough — paying close attention to details when doing something. Meanings [adjective] careful, meticulous, attentive [adverb] carefully, attentively (modifying a verb) Example Sentences 请仔细阅读说明书，再开始操作。 Qǐng zǐxì yuèdú shuōmíngshū, zài kāishǐ cāozuò. Please read the instructions carefully before starting to operate. 她是一个非常仔细的人，工作很少出错。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng zǐxì de rén, gōngzuò hěn shǎo chūcuò. She is a very careful person; she rarely makes...
可再生 (kě zàishēng) — renewable
可再生 (kě zàishēng) 可再生 means "renewable" and is primarily used to describe energy sources and natural resources that can be naturally replenished, as opposed to finite fossil fuels. Meanings [adjective] renewable; regenerable (describing resources or energy that can be naturally replenished) Example Sentences 太阳能和风能都是可再生能源。 Tàiyángnéng hé fēngnéng dōu shì kě zàishēng néngyuán. Solar energy and wind energy are both renewable energy sources. 发展可再生能源是应对气候变化的关键措施。 Fāzhǎn kě zàishēng néngyuán shì yìngduì qìhòu...
情绪 (qíngxù) — mood; emotion; sentiment
情绪 (qíngxù) 情绪 refers to a person's current emotional state, mood, or the general emotional atmosphere of a group. Meanings [noun] Mood; emotion; sentiment; feeling; morale. Example Sentences 他今天情绪很好，一直在笑。 Tā jīntiān qíngxù hěn hǎo, yīzhí zài xiào. He is in a very good mood today and has been smiling all along. 她的情绪受到了坏消息的影响。 Tā de qíngxù shòudào le huài xiāoxi de yǐngxiǎng. Her mood was affected by the bad news. 学会控制情绪是一种重要能力。...
医生 (yīshēng) — Doctor
医生 (yīshēng) 医生 is the general term for a medical doctor or physician in Chinese. Meanings [noun] doctor; physician; medical practitioner Example Sentences 医生建议我多休息，少工作。 Yīshēng jiànyì wǒ duō xiūxi, shǎo gōngzuò. The doctor advised me to rest more and work less. 她从小就想成为一名医生。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng yīshēng. She has wanted to become a doctor since she was young. 请问，这里有没有会说英语的医生？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu méiyǒu huì shuō Yīngyǔ...
亏损 (kuīsǔn) — loss; deficit; to lose money
亏损 (kuīsǔn) 亏损 refers to a financial loss or deficit, describing a situation where expenditure exceeds income or where a business operates at a loss. Meanings [verb] to suffer a loss; to operate at a loss; to run a deficit [noun] loss; deficit; shortfall (in financial terms) Example Sentences 该公司连续三年亏损，股价一落千丈，投资者信心大受打击。 Gāi gōngsī liánxù sān nián kuīsǔn, gǔjià yī luò qiān zhàng, tóuzīzhě xìnxīn dà shòu dǎjī. The company suffered losses...
菜单 (càidān) — menu
菜单 (càidān) 菜单 means menu. It is the list of dishes and drinks available at a restaurant. 菜 means dish and 单 means a list or slip of paper. Meanings [noun] Menu; bill of fare. Example Sentences 请给我看看菜单。 Qǐng gěi wǒ kànkan càidān. Please let me see the menu. 服务员，这里的菜单有英文版吗？ Fúwùyuán, zhèlǐ de càidān yǒu yīngwén bǎn ma? Waiter, does the menu here have an English version? 他看了半天菜单，还不知道点什么。 Tā kàn...
丢 (diū) — to lose; to misplace
丢 (diū) 丢 means to lose something, to misplace it, or to leave something behind unintentionally. Meanings [verb] to lose; to misplace; to leave behind; to drop Example Sentences 我把钱包丢了。 Wǒ bǎ qiánbāo diū le. I lost my wallet. 他在地铁上丢了手机。 Tā zài dìtiě shàng diū le shǒujī. He lost his phone on the subway. 不小心把钥匙丢在家里了。 Bù xiǎoxīn bǎ yàoshi diū zài jiā lǐ le. He accidentally left his keys at...
激发 (jīfā) — Stimulate, trigger, arouse
激发 (jīfā) 激发 means to stimulate or trigger something into action -- typically used for feelings, potential, interest, creativity, or reactions that are aroused by an external stimulus. Meanings [verb] to stimulate; to arouse; to trigger; to bring out; to activate Example Sentences 这本书激发了他对科学的浓厚兴趣。 Zhè běn shū jīfāle tā duì kēxué de nóng hòu xìngqù. This book stimulated his strong interest in science. 老师的提问激发了学生们的思考和讨论热情。 Lǎoshī de tíwèn jīfāle xuéshēngmen de...
充分 (chōngfèn) — sufficient; full; ample
充分 (chōngfèn) 充分 describes a quantity or degree that is fully adequate, leaving nothing lacking. Meanings [adjective] Sufficient; full; ample; thorough. Example Sentences 你需要充分的准备才能通过考试。 Nǐ xūyào chōngfèn de zhǔnbèi cái néng tōngguò kǎoshì. You need ample preparation to pass the exam. 我们应该充分利用时间。 Wǒmen yīnggāi chōngfèn lìyòng shíjiān. We should make full use of our time. 会议前大家进行了充分的讨论。 Huìyì qián dàjiā jìnxíngle chōngfèn de tǎolùn. Before the meeting, everyone had a thorough...
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) — values, value system
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) 价值观 refers to the set of values and moral principles that guide an individual's or society's judgments and behaviors. It encompasses what a person considers important, good, or desirable in life. A person's 价值观 is typically shaped by family, culture, education, and personal experience. Meanings noun values, value system, set of moral and ethical principles Example Sentences 每个人的价值观都不同。 Měi gè rén de jiàzhíguān dōu bùtóng. Everyone's value system...
据悉 (jùxī) — it is learned that; reportedly; according to sources
据悉 (jùxī) 据悉 is a formal journalistic expression meaning "it is learned that" or "reportedly," used to introduce information obtained from an unspecified source, signaling that the speaker or writer is passing on information without necessarily confirming it personally. Meanings [discourse marker] it is learned that; reportedly; it has been learned that; according to sources Example Sentences 据悉，该公司计划在年底前完成新工厂的建设，届时将新增两千个就业岗位。 Jùxī, gāi gōngsī jìhuà zài niándǐ qián wánchéng xīn gōngchǎng de jiànshè,...
大家 (dàjiā) — everyone; everybody
大家 (dàjiā) 大家 means "everyone" or "everybody," referring to all members of a group present in the context. It is used both as a subject and as an object, and it is common in speeches, announcements, and group conversations. Meanings [pronoun] Everyone; everybody. Refers to all the people in a given group or context. Example Sentences 大家好！ Dàjiā hǎo! Hello everyone! 请大家安静一下。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng yīxià. Everyone please be quiet...
上午 (shàngwǔ) — morning, forenoon
上午 (shàngwǔ) 上午 refers to the morning or forenoon, generally the time from around 8 a.m. to noon. 上 means "above/upper" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "before noon." Meanings [noun] Morning, forenoon (approximately 8:00 to 12:00). Example Sentences 上午我在家学习。 Shàngwǔ wǒ zài jiā xuéxí. In the morning I study at home. 他上午九点有课。 Tā shàngwǔ jiǔ diǎn yǒu kè. He has class at nine in the morning. 今天上午天气很好。...
深入 (shēnrù) — in-depth; thorough; penetrating
深入 (shēnrù) 深入 means in-depth or thorough as an adjective, or to go deep into something as a verb, describing a penetrating engagement with a topic or place. Meanings [adjective] in-depth; thorough; penetrating; going beyond the surface [verb] to go deep into; to penetrate; to immerse oneself in Example Sentences 我们需要对这个问题进行深入研究。 Wǒmen xūyào duì zhège wèntí jìnxíng shēnrù yánjiū. We need to conduct an in-depth study of this problem. 记者深入农村，了解当地的生活情况。...
想 (xiǎng) — to want to; to think; to miss
想 (xiǎng) 想 covers three related meanings depending on context. Before another verb it means "want to" or "would like to." Alone or with a topic it means "to think" or "to believe." Before a person or place it means "to miss" (to long for someone or somewhere). Meanings [verb] To want to, would like to (before another verb). [verb] To think, to consider, to have a thought. [verb] To...
从 (cóng) — from; since
从 (cóng) 从 marks the starting point of a journey, a period of time, or a sequence of events. It is placed before the starting location or time, and the destination or end point usually follows later in the sentence. Meanings [preposition] From (a place). Marks the point of departure or origin in space. [preposition] From; since (a time). Marks the starting point of a time period. Example Sentences 我从北京来。...
锻炼 (duànliàn) — to exercise; to train; to temper
锻炼 (duànliàn) 锻炼 describes physical exercise, the training of skills, or the tempering of character through challenging experience, and is one of the most common and versatile verbs in Chinese for personal development. Meanings [verb] to exercise; to work out (physical fitness) [verb] to train; to develop; to temper (skills, willpower, or character) [noun] exercise; training; a workout Example Sentences 他每天早晨坚持锻炼身体，保持了良好的健康状况。 Tā měi tiān zǎochén jiānchí duànliàn shēntǐ, bǎochíle liánghǎo...
换言之 (huàn yán zhī) — in other words; that is to say
换言之 (huàn yán zhī) 换言之 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a restatement or clarification of something just said, equivalent to "in other words" or "that is to say" in English. Meanings [discourse marker] in other words; that is to say; to put it another way Example Sentences 这项政策对所有纳税人都适用，换言之，任何有收入的公民都必须遵守这一规定。 Zhè xiàng zhèngcè duì suǒyǒu nàshuì rén dōu shìyòng, huàn yán zhī, rènhé yǒu shōurù de gōngmín dōu bìxū...
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) — how is it, what do you think
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) An interrogative used to ask about the condition, quality, or state of something ("how is it?") or to solicit an opinion ("what do you think?"); unlike 怎么, which asks about the manner of an action, 怎么样 asks about a state or seeks feedback. Meanings [adjective/pronoun] How is it, how are things (asking about condition or state). [phrase] What do you think, how about it (seeking an opinion or...
选择 (xuǎnzé) — to choose
选择 (xuǎnzé) 选择 means to choose or select from available options. It functions as both a verb and a noun, covering everyday decisions and formal selections alike. Meanings [verb] To choose; to select; to pick. [noun] A choice; a selection; an option. Example Sentences 你选择哪个答案？ Nǐ xuǎnzé nǎge dá'àn? Which answer do you choose? 这是你自己的选择。 Zhè shì nǐ zìjǐ de xuǎnzé. This is your own choice. 我选择留在这里工作。 Wǒ xuǎnzé liú...
新鲜 (xīnxiān) — fresh
新鲜 (xīnxiān) 新鲜 describes food or produce that is recently harvested, prepared, or obtained, and therefore not spoiled or stale. It can also describe fresh air, a new idea, or a novel experience. Meanings adjective fresh (recently produced and not spoiled; also new, novel, or invigorating) Example Sentences 市场上的蔬菜都很新鲜。 Shìchǎng shàng de shūcài dōu hěn xīnxiān. The vegetables at the market are all very fresh. 早上呼吸新鲜空气对身体有好处。 Zǎoshang hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì...
面对 (miànduì) — to face / to confront
面对 (miànduì) 面对 means to face or confront a situation, challenge, or person directly. Meanings [verb] to face; to confront; to deal with; to be faced with Example Sentences 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。 Wǒmen bìxū yǒnggǎn de miànduì kùnnán. We must bravely face difficulties. 面对失败，她没有放弃。 Miànduì shībài, tā méiyǒu fàngqì. Faced with failure, she did not give up. 他不敢面对现实。 Tā bù gǎn miànduì xiànshí. He does not dare to face reality. 我们要积极面对生活中的挑战。 Wǒmen...
假设 (jiǎshè) — assumption; hypothesis; suppose
假设 (jiǎshè) 假设 refers to a hypothesis or assumption that is supposed to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation, and as a verb it means "to suppose" or "to assume," introducing a hypothetical scenario. Meanings [noun] hypothesis; assumption (a supposition taken as a starting point for reasoning or investigation) [verb] to suppose; to assume; to hypothesize (to posit something as true for the sake of argument) Example...
意思 (yìsi) — meaning; idea
意思 (yìsi) 意思 is an extremely common word used to ask about or explain what something means, or what someone intends. Meanings [noun] meaning; sense (of a word or expression) [noun] idea; intention; what someone means [adjective] interesting (有意思 yǒu yìsi) Example Sentences 这个词是什么意思？ Zhège cí shì shénme yìsi? What is the meaning of this word? 你的意思是说我错了吗？ Nǐ de yìsi shì shuō wǒ cuò le ma? Do you mean to...
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) — embarrassed; sorry to trouble you
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) 不好意思 literally means "not good feeling/meaning" and expresses embarrassment, shyness, or a polite apology for causing inconvenience. It covers the gap between a full apology (对不起) and simple awkwardness. Meanings [adjective] Embarrassed; shy; feeling awkward in a social situation. [expression] Sorry to trouble you; excuse me (polite phrase before making a request or after a minor imposition). Example Sentences 不好意思，我来晚了。 Bù hǎo yìsi, wǒ lái wǎn...
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 means convenient or to be convenient. It describes something that is easy, practical, and saves time or effort. It can also function as a verb meaning to make things convenient or to accommodate. In colloquial Chinese it can also be a polite way to say "to use the toilet." Meanings [adjective] Convenient; easy to use or access; practical. [verb] To be convenient (for someone); to be suitable....
遏制 (èzhì) — to restrain, to curb
遏制 (èzhì) 遏制 means to restrain, curb, or check the growth or spread of something, especially something negative like inflation, disease, conflict, or undesirable behavior. It implies active effort to hold something back or keep it under control. It is a formal word used primarily in political, economic, and security discourse. Meanings [v] to restrain; to curb; to check; to hold back [v] to suppress the spread or growth of...
乘 (chéng) — to ride; to take (transport)
乘 (chéng) 乘 means to ride or travel by a mode of transport such as a bus, train, or plane. Meanings [verb] to ride; to take; to travel by (a vehicle or transport) Example Sentences 我每天乘地铁去上班。 Wǒ měitiān chéng dìtiě qù shàngbān. I take the subway to work every day. 他们乘飞机去北京出差。 Tāmen chéng fēijī qù Běijīng chūchāi. They took a plane to Beijing on a business trip. 乘公共汽车比开车省钱。 Chéng gōnggòng...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound; voice
声音 (shēngyīn) 声音 refers to any kind of sound, including a person's voice, music, or noise from the environment. Meanings [noun] sound; voice; noise Example Sentences 外面的声音太大，我睡不着。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn tài dà, wǒ shuì bù zháo. The noise outside is too loud and I cannot fall asleep. 她的声音很好听，像在唱歌。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng, xiàng zài chànggē. Her voice is very pleasant, like she is singing. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīngdào le yīgè...
爱好 (àihào) — hobby; interest
爱好 (àihào) 爱好 refers to a personal hobby or interest, something you enjoy doing in your spare time. Meanings [noun] a hobby or interest that someone enjoys [verb] to love; to be fond of something Example Sentences 我的爱好是画画和读书。 Wǒ de àihào shì huà huà hé dú shū. My hobbies are painting and reading. 你有什么爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme àihào? What hobbies do you have? 他非常爱好音乐，每天都练习钢琴。 Tā fēicháng àihào yīnyuè, měitiān dōu...
预测 (yùcè) — to predict; to forecast
预测 (yùcè) 预测 means "to predict" or "to forecast" and refers to making an informed judgment about what will happen in the future, often based on data or analysis. Meanings [verb] to predict; to forecast; to project [noun] prediction; forecast; projection Example Sentences 天气预报预测明天会下雨。 Tiānqì yùbào yùcè míngtiān huì xià yǔ. The weather forecast predicts rain tomorrow. 经济学家预测今年的经济增长率为5%。 Jīngjìxuéjiā yùcè jīnnián de jīngjì zēngzhǎnglǜ wéi 5%. Economists forecast an economic...
告诉 (gàosu) — to tell; to inform
告诉 (gàosu) 告诉 means to tell or to inform someone of something. The structure is: 告诉 + person + content. The person told is placed directly after 告诉, and the information comes after that person. It is a double-object verb. Meanings [verb] To tell; to inform; to let someone know. Communicates a piece of information to a specific person. Example Sentences 请告诉我你的名字。 Qǐng gàosu wǒ nǐ de míngzi. Please tell...
民主 (mínzhǔ) — Democracy, democratic
民主 (mínzhǔ) 民主 refers to the political system in which power is vested in the people, and also describes the quality of being democratic or open to collective decision-making. Meanings [noun] democracy; democratic system [adj] democratic; based on popular participation Example Sentences 民主是许多国家政治制度的核心。 Mínzhǔ shì xǔduō guójiā zhèngzhì zhìdù de héxīn. Democracy is the core of the political system in many countries. 这次会议的讨论非常民主，每个人都有发言机会。 Zhè cì huìyì de tǎolùn fēicháng mínzhǔ,...
增加 (zēngjiā) — to increase
增加 (zēngjiā) 增加 means to increase or add to something. It describes a quantity, level, or amount becoming larger, whether gradually or deliberately. Meanings [verb] To increase; to add; to grow; to raise (a quantity). Example Sentences 这个城市的人口不断增加。 Zhège chéngshì de rénkǒu búduàn zēngjiā. The population of this city keeps increasing. 他增加了每天的练习时间。 Tā zēngjiā le měitiān de liànxí shíjiān. He increased his daily practice time. 公司决定增加工资。 Gōngsī juédìng zēngjiā gōngzī....
以至于 (yǐzhìyú) — to the extent that; so ... that
以至于 (yǐzhìyú) 以至于 is a conjunction that introduces a result or consequence that has reached a notable degree, equivalent to "so ... that" or "to the extent that," often indicating an unexpected or extreme outcome. Meanings [conjunction] to the extent that; so ... that; resulting in (introduces a consequence that reached a notable or extreme degree) Example Sentences 他太专注于工作，以至于忘记了自己的生日。 Tā tài zhuānzhù yú gōngzuò, yǐzhìyú wàngjìle zìjǐ de shēngrì. He...
饭馆 (fànguǎn) — restaurant
饭馆 (fànguǎn) A restaurant or eatery where cooked food is served to customers. 饭馆 typically refers to a small to mid-size Chinese restaurant. Meanings [noun] Restaurant, eatery. A place where meals are prepared and served to paying guests. Example Sentences 我们去饭馆吃饭吧。 Wǒmen qù fànguǎn chīfàn ba. Let's go to the restaurant to eat. 这家饭馆的菜很好吃。 Zhè jiā fànguǎn de cài hěn hǎochī. The food at this restaurant is delicious. 饭馆里人很多。 Fànguǎn...
消费 (xiāofèi) — Consume, consumption
消费 (xiāofèi) 消费 refers to the use of goods, services, or resources, especially in an economic context where money is spent. It is a key concept in economics and daily life. Meanings [verb] to consume; to spend money on goods or services [noun] consumption; consumer spending Example Sentences 国内消费的增长对经济发展起着重要作用。 Guónèi xiāofèi de zēngzhǎng duì jīngjì fāzhǎn qǐzhe zhòngyào zuòyòng. The growth of domestic consumption plays an important role in economic...
害怕 (hàipà) — to be afraid
害怕 (hàipà) 害怕 means to be afraid or to fear. It expresses a feeling of fear or fright in response to something dangerous, threatening, or unknown. It is used with 对 to say what one is afraid of, or directly before the feared thing. Meanings [verb] To be afraid; to fear; to be scared. Example Sentences 我害怕黑暗。 Wǒ hàipà hēi'àn. I am afraid of the dark. 她不害怕困难。 Tā bù hàipà...
休闲 (xiūxián) — leisure, recreation
休闲 (xiūxián) 休闲 describes leisure time and recreational activities, as well as a casual, relaxed style or atmosphere. It is used both as a noun and as an adjective modifying clothing, venues, and lifestyles. Meanings n leisure, recreation, free time adj casual, leisure (as in clothing style) Example Sentences 周末我喜欢做一些休闲活动，比如看电影。 Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuān zuò yīxiē xiūxián huódòng, bǐrú kàn diànyǐng. On weekends I like to do leisure activities, such as...
号 (hào) — number; day of the month
号 (hào) Used in everyday speech for the day of the month (where formal writing uses 日) and for any kind of sequential number or code such as room numbers, phone numbers, and bus routes; in spoken Chinese, 号 is far more common than 日 for dates. Meanings [noun] Day of the month (spoken: 五月三十号 = May 30th). [noun] Number, code, serial number (房间号 = room number; 手机号 = phone...
此外 (cǐwài) — in addition; besides; moreover
此外 (cǐwài) 此外 introduces additional information that goes beyond what has already been mentioned, meaning "in addition," "besides," or "apart from this." Meanings [conjunction] In addition; besides; moreover; apart from this (adds supplementary information). Example Sentences 这个城市有很多博物馆。此外，还有很多公园可以参观。 Zhège chéngshì yǒu hěn duō bówùguǎn. Cǐwài, hái yǒu hěn duō gōngyuán kěyǐ cānguān. This city has many museums. In addition, there are also many parks to visit. 他会说英语和法语。此外，他还在学习日语。 Tā huì shuō Yīngyǔ...
严重 (yánzhòng) — serious; severe; grave
严重 (yánzhòng) 严重 means serious, severe, or grave, describing a problem, situation, or condition that has significant negative consequences or poses a significant threat. It is used to signal that something demands urgent attention. Meanings [adjective] Serious; severe; grave; critical; bad. Example Sentences 如果不及时处理，这个问题可能会造成严重的后果。 Rúguǒ bù jíshí chǔlǐ, zhège wèntí kěnéng huì zàochéng yánzhòng de hòuguǒ. If not dealt with promptly, this problem could cause serious consequences. 他在事故中受了严重的伤，目前正在医院接受治疗。 Tā zài...
主观 (zhǔguān) — subjective
主观 (zhǔguān) 主观 describes judgments, perceptions, or assessments that are based on personal feelings, opinions, or biases rather than objective facts, and is often contrasted with 客观 (objective). Meanings [adjective] subjective; based on personal opinion or feelings rather than external reality [noun] subjectivity; one's subjective perspective Example Sentences 他对这件事的判断太主观了，没有充分考虑到客观事实。 Tā duì zhè jiàn shì de pànduàn tài zhǔguān le, méiyǒu chōngfèn kǎolǜ dào kèguān shìshí. His judgment on this matter...
需要 (xūyào) — to need
需要 (xūyào) 需要 expresses necessity or requirement. It can precede a noun (need something) or a verb phrase (need to do something), making it extremely versatile in everyday speech. Meanings [verb] To need; to require. [noun] A need; a requirement; a demand. Example Sentences 我需要你的帮助。 Wǒ xūyào nǐ de bāngzhù. I need your help. 学习中文需要很多时间。 Xuéxí Zhōngwén xūyào hěn duō shíjiān. Learning Chinese requires a lot of time. 你还需要什么吗？ Nǐ...
垄断 (lǒngduàn) — monopoly; to monopolize
垄断 (lǒngduàn) 垄断 means monopoly or to monopolize -- exclusive control over a market, resource, or activity by one entity, preventing competition. Meanings [noun] monopoly; exclusive control; domination [verb] to monopolize; to dominate exclusively; to corner (a market) Example Sentences 反垄断法旨在防止企业过度集中市场权力。 Fǎn lǒngduàn fǎ zhǐ zài fángzhǐ qǐyè guòdù jízhōng shìchǎng quánlì. Antitrust law aims to prevent companies from concentrating market power excessively. 这家公司垄断了该地区的电信市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī lǒngduàn le gāi...
谁 (shuí / shéi) — who
谁 (shuí / shéi) The interrogative pronoun meaning "who," used to ask about a person's identity; it can appear in any position where a noun referring to a person would appear. Both pronunciations shuí and shéi are standard and interchangeable. Meanings [pronoun] Who (subject or object in a question). [pronoun] Whoever (in a relative or conditional sense: 谁…谁…). Example Sentences 你是谁？ Nǐ shì shuí? Who are you? 门口站着的那个人是谁？ Ménkǒu zhànzhe...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand, clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something, especially a situation, intention, or meaning. It often captures the moment of suddenly grasping something. Key contrast: 懂 (dǒng) is used for understanding a skill or subject (I understand Chinese grammar), while 明白 is for understanding a specific situation, message, or meaning. Meanings [verb] To understand, to realize (a situation or meaning). [adjective] Clear, obvious. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly; in particular
尤其 (yóuqí) 尤其 is an adverb meaning "especially" or "in particular," used to highlight one specific element within a broader set as being more notable, extreme, or deserving of attention than the others. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; in particular (used to single out one specific item or aspect from a broader group, emphasizing it as the most notable member) Usage Note 尤其 typically introduces the item being highlighted, which comes...
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) — disposal construction with completion
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) 把…V完 combines the disposal marker 把 with the result complement 完 (wán, to finish) to express that someone completely used up, finished, or disposed of the object. The focus is on the object being fully dealt with. Structure Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + 完 (+ 了) 了 is often added at the end to mark completion as a past event. Example Sentences 他把作业做完了。 Tā...
再 (zài) — again (future), then, more
再 (zài) An adverb meaning "again" for future or hypothetical repetition. Key contrast with 又 (yòu): 再 is used for actions that will happen again or are being requested, while 又 describes repetition that has already occurred. Meanings [adv] Again (future repetition), one more time. [adv] Then (after something else happens first). [adv] More, further (with adjectives or longer). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it...
完成 (wánchéng) — to complete
完成 (wánchéng) 完成 means to complete or accomplish something fully. It emphasizes that a task or goal has been carried through to its finish, not merely started or partially done. Meanings [verb] To complete; to finish; to accomplish. [verb] To fulfill (a duty, mission, or requirement). Example Sentences 我已经完成了作业。 Wǒ yǐjīng wánchéng le zuòyè. I have already finished my homework. 他成功地完成了这项任务。 Tā chénggōng de wánchéng le zhè xiàng rènwù. He...
普遍 (pǔbiàn) — universal, widespread, common
普遍 (pǔbiàn) Describes something that exists or applies broadly across a population or in most situations -- universally true, common, or widespread as a state of affairs. Meanings [adjective] universal, widespread, common, general [adverb] generally, universally, widely Example Sentences 焦虑是现代社会中普遍存在的心理问题。 Jiāolǜ shì xiàndài shèhuì zhōng pǔbiàn cúnzài de xīnlǐ wèntí. Anxiety is a psychological problem that is universally present in modern society. 这种观点在年轻一代中非常普遍。 Zhè zhǒng guāndiǎn zài niánqīng yīdài zhōng...
收益 (shōuyì) — revenue, profit, returns
收益 (shōuyì) A formal financial term referring to the returns, profits, or benefits gained from an investment, business activity, or project. Meanings [noun] revenue, profit, returns, earnings Example Sentences 这只基金去年的年化收益率达到了12%。 Zhè zhī jījīn qùnián de niánhuà shōuyì lǜ dádàole 12%. This fund achieved an annualized return rate of 12% last year. 企业的收益大幅增长，股东非常满意。 Qǐyè de shōuyì dàfú zēngzhǎng, gǔdōng fēicháng mǎnyì. The company's profits grew significantly, and shareholders are very satisfied....
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — the Internet
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the standard Chinese term for the Internet, referring to the global network of interconnected computers that enables the exchange of information and communication worldwide. Meanings [noun] the Internet; the global network connecting computers and devices worldwide Example Sentences 互联网的出现彻底改变了人们获取信息和交流沟通的方式。 Hùliánwǎng de chūxiàn chèdǐ gǎibiànle rénmen huòqǔ xìnxī hé jiāoliú gōutōng de fāngshì. The emergence of the Internet has fundamentally changed the way people access information and...
生气 (shēng qì) — to get angry, angry
生气 (shēng qì) Used as a verb meaning to get angry, or as a predicate adjective meaning to be angry. Often followed by 了 to show the anger has arisen, or used with 别 to tell someone not to be angry. Meanings [verb] To get angry, to become upset. [adj] Angry, upset. Example Sentences 他迟到了，老师很生气。 Tā chídào le, lǎoshī hěn shēng qì. He was late and the teacher was very...
保证 (bǎozhèng) — to guarantee / to ensure
保证 (bǎozhèng) To make a firm promise or guarantee that something will happen or that something meets a standard. Meanings [verb] To guarantee, to ensure, to promise. [noun] Guarantee, assurance, warranty. Example Sentences 我保证明天准时到达。 Wǒ bǎozhèng míngtiān zhǔnshí dàodá. I guarantee I will arrive on time tomorrow. 这家公司保证产品质量。 Zhè jiā gōngsī bǎozhèng chǎnpǐn zhìliàng. This company guarantees product quality. 你能保证不再迟到吗？ Nǐ néng bǎozhèng bù zài chídào ma? Can you guarantee...
运气 (yùnqi) — luck
运气 (yùnqi) 运气 refers to luck or fortune, the force that causes things to go well or badly beyond one's control. Meanings [noun] luck; fortune; chance Example Sentences 今天我的运气真好，找到了钱包。 Jīntiān wǒ de yùnqi zhēn hǎo, zhǎodào le qiánbāo. My luck was really good today; I found my wallet. 不要只靠运气，努力才是关键。 Bùyào zhǐ kào yùnqi, nǔlì cái shì guānjiàn. Do not just rely on luck; hard work is the key. 他真倒霉，运气太差了。 Tā...
功能 (gōngnéng) — function, capability
功能 (gōngnéng) 功能 refers to the specific function, role, or capability that a person, object, organ, or system is designed to perform or is capable of performing. Meanings [noun] function, capability, feature (of a tool, organ, system, or person) Example Sentences 这款手机的拍照功能非常强大，受到用户的广泛好评。 Zhè kuǎn shǒujī de pāizhào gōngnéng fēicháng qiángdà, shòudào yònghù de guǎngfàn hǎopíng. The camera function of this phone is extremely powerful and has received widespread praise from...
轻松 (qīngsōng) — relaxed / easy
轻松 (qīngsōng) 轻松 describes a state of being relaxed, at ease, or free from burden. It can describe a person's mood (feeling relaxed), an atmosphere (a relaxed setting), or a task (an easy, effortless job). It functions as an adjective and stative verb; 很轻松 (very relaxed / very easy) is especially common. Meanings [adjective] Relaxed; at ease; free from stress or pressure. [adjective] Easy; effortless; not demanding. Example Sentences 周末我喜欢做一些轻松的事情。...
毕竟 (bìjìng) — after all; all in all; when all is said and done
毕竟 (bìjìng) 毕竟 means "after all" in the sense of pointing to an essential, underlying, or final truth. It is used to justify, explain, or concede by invoking a fundamental fact that cannot be argued with. It often softens criticism or explains why something is the way it is. Meanings [adverb] After all; all in all; ultimately; when all is said and done — introduces the fundamental reason or unavoidable...
运营 (yùnyíng) — to operate; operations
运营 (yùnyíng) 运营 refers to the ongoing operation and management of a business, platform, or service, and is a core term in Chinese business, marketing, and management contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to operate; to run (a business or service) [noun] operations; management of ongoing activities Example Sentences 这家公司运营着全国最大的电商平台之一。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yùnyíngzhe quánguó zuì dà de diànshāng píngtái zhī yī. This company operates one of the largest e-commerce...
忙 (máng) — busy
忙 (máng) An adjective describing a state of being occupied with work or tasks, leaving little free time. Meanings [adjective] Busy, occupied with work or activities. [verb] To busy oneself with something; to rush around doing things. Example Sentences 我今天很忙，没有时间吃饭。 Wǒ jīntiān hěn máng, méiyǒu shíjiān chīfàn. I am very busy today and have no time to eat. 你最近忙吗？ Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? Have you been busy lately? 他忙着工作，忘了给我打电话。 Tā...
谋划 (móuhuà) — to scheme; to plan strategically
谋划 (móuhuà) 谋划 means to plan carefully and strategically, often implying calculated, deliberate thought about how to achieve a significant goal -- it can be neutral (strategic planning) or subtly negative (scheming). Meanings [verb] to plan strategically; to scheme; to devise Example Sentences 领导层正在谋划公司下一阶段的发展战略。 Lǐngdǎocéng zhèngzài móuhuà gōngsī xià yī jiēduàn de fāzhǎn zhànlüè. The leadership is strategically planning the company's development strategy for the next phase. 他精心谋划了这次商业并购行动。 Tā jīngxīn...
教授 (jiàoshòu) — Professor
教授 (jiàoshòu) 教授 refers to a university professor, or as a verb, the act of teaching and imparting knowledge. Meanings [noun] professor (academic title) [verb] to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge or skills) Example Sentences 这位教授在大学里教了三十年的历史。 Zhè wèi jiàoshòu zài dàxué lǐ jiāole sānshí nián de lìshǐ. This professor has taught history at the university for thirty years. 他是一位著名的经济学教授。 Tā shì yī wèi zhùmíng de jīngjìxué jiàoshòu. He is...
消极 (xiāojí) — negative / passive
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 means negative or passive in attitude or behavior. It describes a pessimistic, unmotivated, or defeatist mindset. Its direct antonym is 积极 (jījí), which means positive or enthusiastic. 消 means to diminish or fade, and 极 means extreme or pole. Meanings [adjective] Negative; passive; pessimistic; lacking motivation or initiative. Example Sentences 他对工作的态度很消极。 Tā duì gōngzuò de tàidu hěn xiāojí. His attitude toward work is very negative. 遇到困难要积极面对，不要消极。 Yù...
长远 (chángyuǎn) — long-term; far-reaching
长远 (chángyuǎn) 长远 describes something that extends over a long time span or far into the future, and is widely used in planning, strategy, and policy contexts at B2 level to contrast immediate gains with durable, lasting goals. Meanings [adjective] long-term; long-range; far-reaching (of plans, interests, or benefits) Example Sentences 为了长远发展，公司决定加大对研发的投入。 Wèile chángyuǎn fāzhǎn, gōngsī juédìng jiādà duì yánfā de tóurù. For the sake of long-term development, the company decided...
出租车 (chūzūchē) — taxi
出租车 (chūzūchē) A taxi or cab, a vehicle hired by passengers for point-to-point travel. 出租 means "to rent out," and 车 means "vehicle." Meanings [noun] Taxi, cab. A car available for hire, driven by a licensed driver. Example Sentences 我叫了一辆出租车。 Wǒ jiào le yī liàng chūzūchē. I called a taxi. 出租车多少钱？ Chūzūchē duōshao qián? How much does the taxi cost? 我坐出租车去机场。 Wǒ zuò chūzūchē qù jīchǎng. I took a taxi...
都 (dōu) — all, both
都 (dōu) An adverb meaning "all" or "both." 都 indicates that a statement applies to every member of a group. It always comes before the verb, and the subject must be plural or refer to multiple things. Meanings [adverb] All, both. Applies the action or description collectively to every member of a group. 都 vs. 也: the key contrast 都 collects all subjects into one sweeping statement: "All of them...
安全 (ānquán) — safe; safety; security
安全 (ānquán) Safety or security refers to the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury, and is a fundamental concern in both personal and public life. Meanings [adjective] safe; secure; free from danger [noun] safety; security Example Sentences 这个地区的治安状况良好，居民感到很安全。 Zhège dìqū de zhì'ān zhuàngkuàng liánghǎo, jūmín gǎndào hěn ānquán. The public order in this area is good, and residents feel very safe. 网络安全已经成为国家战略的重要组成部分。 Wǎngluò...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand / clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something. As a verb it means to grasp the meaning or truth of something. As an adjective it describes something clear and easy to understand. It is more colloquial than 理解 (to comprehend). Meanings [verb] To understand; to get it; to be clear about something. [adjective] Clear; obvious; easy to understand. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？ Nǐ míngbai wǒ de yìsi...
学期 (xuéqī) — school term; semester
学期 (xuéqī) 学期 refers to a term or semester, one of the divisions of the school or academic year. Meanings [noun] school term; semester; academic term Example Sentences 这学期你选了哪些课？ Zhè xuéqī nǐ xuǎn le nǎxiē kè? Which courses did you choose this semester? 下学期我想多参加课外活动。 Xià xuéqī wǒ xiǎng duō cānjia kèwài huódòng. Next semester I want to participate in more extracurricular activities. 这学期我们要学很多新内容。 Zhè xuéqī wǒmen yào xué hěn duō...
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) — see you tomorrow
明天见 (míngtiān jiàn) 明天见 means "see you tomorrow." It is a specific, warm farewell used when you know you will meet the other person the next day. Meanings [phrase] See you tomorrow (farewell when parting for the night or day, with a meeting planned for tomorrow). Example Sentences 好的，明天见！ Hǎo de, míngtiān jiàn! All right, see you tomorrow! A: 我先走了。B: 好，明天见！ A: Wǒ xiān zǒu le. B: Hǎo, míngtiān jiàn!...
懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how
懂 (dǒng) 懂 means to understand in the sense of having internalized knowledge or a skill. It is used for languages, subjects, and areas of expertise. Compare with 明白 (míngbai), which means to understand a specific explanation or situation and become clear on it. Use 懂 for skills and domains; use 明白 when something "clicks" in context. Meanings [verb] To understand; to know how; to be knowledgeable about. Implies a...
持久 (chíjiǔ) — lasting; enduring; sustained
持久 (chíjiǔ) 持久 describes something that lasts for a long time or has the quality of endurance and sustainability, used for peace, effects, relationships, conflicts, and effort. Meanings [adjective] lasting; enduring; sustained; durable; long-lasting Example Sentences 只有解决根本矛盾，才能实现持久和平，而不是仅仅停止冲突。 Zhǐyǒu jiějué gēnběn máodùn, cái néng shíxiàn chíjiǔ hépíng, ér bùshì jǐnjǐn tíngzhǐ chōngtū. Only by resolving fundamental contradictions can lasting peace be achieved, rather than merely stopping the conflict. 养成良好习惯需要持久的坚持，短期的努力很难带来根本性的改变。 Yǎngchéng liánghǎo...
建议 (jiànyì) — suggestion
建议 (jiànyì) 建议 means to suggest or recommend, and as a noun it refers to the suggestion itself. It is polite and constructive, used for offering ideas or advice to someone who can choose to accept them. Meanings [verb] To suggest; to recommend; to propose. [noun] A suggestion; a recommendation; advice. Example Sentences 我建议你多休息。 Wǒ jiànyì nǐ duō xiūxi. I suggest you rest more. 你有什么建议？ Nǐ yǒu shénme jiànyì? Do...
相关 (xiāngguān) — related; relevant; associated
相关 (xiāngguān) 相关 means related to or connected with a particular subject, person, or issue. It is widely used in formal and academic writing to indicate that something is pertinent or relevant, and also in everyday speech to mean "related." Meanings [adjective] Related; relevant; associated; correlated; pertaining to. Example Sentences 请提供与申请职位相关的工作经历和证书。 Qǐng tígōng yǔ shēnqǐng zhíwèi xiāngguān de gōngzuò jīnglì hé zhèngshū. Please provide work experience and certificates relevant to...
信息 (xìnxī) — information
信息 (xìnxī) 信息 means information in a broad sense — data, news, messages, or any content that carries knowledge or updates. It is used widely in technology, media, and everyday communication. Meanings [noun] Information; news; data; message. Example Sentences 我在网上查到了很多有用的信息。 Wǒ zài wǎngshàng chádào le hěn duō yǒuyòng de xìnxī. I found a lot of useful information online. 请把这个信息告诉所有同学。 Qǐng bǎ zhège xìnxī gàosù suǒyǒu tóngxué. Please share this information...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound, voice, noise
声音 (shēngyīn) Refers to any audible sound, including a person's voice, music, noise, or any acoustic signal. It covers both natural sounds and the human voice. Meanings [noun] Sound, noise. [noun] Voice (of a person). Example Sentences 外面的声音很大。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn hěn dà. The sound outside is very loud. 她的声音很好听。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng. Her voice is very pleasant. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīng dào le yīgè qíguài de shēngyīn. I...
出 (chū) — to go out; to exit; to emerge
出 (chū) 出 describes movement from inside to outside, or the emergence of something. It appears both as a standalone verb and as a directional complement attached to action verbs (e.g., 走出, 拿出, 说出). As a complement it indicates that the action results in something coming out or being produced. Meanings [verb] To go out; to exit; to come out. Movement from an enclosed space to the outside. [directional complement]...
再者 (zàizhě) — furthermore, moreover
再者 (zàizhě) 再者 is a formal discourse connector used to introduce an additional supporting point, typically the last or a later item in a series of reasons or arguments. Meanings [conjunction] furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more (used to add a further point) Example Sentences 这个项目耗资巨大，再者工期太长，我们决定放弃。 Zhège xiàngmù hào zī jùdà, zàizhě gōngqī tài cháng, wǒmen juédìng fàngqì. This project requires enormous funds; furthermore, the construction period is too long,...
负责任的 (fùzérèn de) — accountable, responsible
负责任的 (fùzérèn de) 负责任的 describes a person, organization, or system that takes responsibility for its actions and their consequences. It implies both a willingness to answer for one's conduct and a moral commitment to doing what is right. Meanings [adj] accountable; responsible; willing to take responsibility for one's actions Example Sentences 负责任的政府必须对公民的需求做出回应。 Fùzérèn de zhèngfǔ bìxū duì gōngmín de xūqiú zuòchū huíyìng. A responsible government must respond to the needs...
议题 (yìtí) — agenda item; issue for discussion
议题 (yìtí) 议题 refers to a specific issue or topic placed on an agenda for formal discussion, debate, or negotiation, and is a staple of political, diplomatic, and organizational language. Meanings [noun] agenda item; topic for discussion; issue Example Sentences 气候变化是本次峰会的核心议题。 Qìhòu biànhuà shì běncì fēnghuì de héxīn yìtí. Climate change is the central agenda item of this summit. 双方就多个议题展开了深入讨论。 Shuāngfāng jiù duō gè yìtí zhǎnkāi le shēnrù tǎolùn. Both...
航空航天 (hángkōng hángtiān) — aerospace
航空航天 (hángkōng hángtiān) 航空航天 refers to the combined disciplines of aeronautics and astronautics, encompassing the design, development, and operation of aircraft and spacecraft. As a compound noun, 航空 (aviation) and 航天 (space travel) are frequently used separately but combine to denote the overarching industry and academic field at the highest technical registers. Meanings [noun] aerospace; the integrated field covering both atmospheric flight (aviation) and space exploration Example Sentences 中国航空航天工业近年来取得了重大突破。 Zhōngguó...
数据库 (shùjùkù) — database
数据库 (shùjùkù) 数据库 means database, referring to an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. It is used in technology, business, and research contexts, and is one of the key terms in modern computing vocabulary. Meanings [noun] database; a structured set of data stored in a computer system Example Sentences 这家公司有一个很大的客户数据库。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yī gè hěn dà de kèhù shùjùkù. This company has a very large customer...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) A noun meaning name. It refers to a person's full name or given name. The most important phrase built around this word is 你叫什么名字 (what is your name), one of the first questions in any Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Name (personal name, full name, or nickname). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng. My name is Li...
或者 (huòzhě) — or (in statements)
或者 (huòzhě) 或者 means "or" in statements and declarative sentences. This is a KEY learner confusion: 或者 belongs in statements, while 还是 (háishì) belongs in questions. Using 或者 in a question sounds unnatural. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in statements, not in questions). Example Sentences 你可以坐公共汽车或者打车去。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò gōnggòng qìchē huòzhě dǎ chē qù. You can take the bus or take a taxi to get there. 周六或者周日我都可以。 Zhōuliù huòzhě zhōurì...
狗 (gǒu) — dog
狗 (gǒu) A dog. 狗 is the standard word for a domestic dog. The character contains the animal radical 犭 (a variant of 犬, meaning "dog"), which appears in many animal-related characters. Meanings [noun] Dog. The common domestic canine animal kept as a pet or working animal. Example Sentences 他家有两只狗。 Tā jiā yǒu liǎng zhī gǒu. His family has two dogs. 这只狗叫什么名字？ Zhè zhī gǒu jiào shénme míngzi? What is...
下降 (xiàjiàng) — to decline; to fall; to drop
下降 (xiàjiàng) 下降 is the opposite of 上升, describing a downward movement in numbers, levels, or abstract measures such as quality, performance, or temperature. Meanings [verb] to decline, fall, or drop in position, level, or quantity Example Sentences 今天气温下降了很多。 Jīntiān qìwēn xiàjiàng le hěn duō. The temperature dropped a lot today. 公司的利润出现了下降。 Gōngsī de lìrùn chūxiàn le xiàjiàng. The company's profits showed a decline. 他的学习成绩开始下降。 Tā de xuéxí chéngjì kāishǐ...
老板 (lǎobǎn) — boss / owner
老板 (lǎobǎn) 老板 refers to a boss, business owner, or employer, and is used both in formal workplace settings and casual conversation. Meanings [noun] boss; owner; employer; proprietor Example Sentences 我的老板对员工非常严格。 Wǒ de lǎobǎn duì yuángōng fēicháng yángé. My boss is very strict with the employees. 他决定自己创业，做自己的老板。 Tā juédìng zìjǐ chuàngyè, zuò zìjǐ de lǎobǎn. He decided to start his own business and be his own boss. 老板今天开会迟到了。 Lǎobǎn jīntiān...
选择 (xuǎnzé) — to choose; to select; choice
选择 (xuǎnzé) 选择 means "to choose," "to select," or "choice" and refers to the act of picking from available options, or the option itself. Meanings [verb] to choose; to select; to pick [noun] choice; option; selection Example Sentences 你有权利选择自己的生活方式。 Nǐ yǒu quánlì xuǎnzé zìjǐ de shēnghuó fāngshì. You have the right to choose your own way of life. 这道题有四个选择，只能选一个。 Zhè dào tí yǒu sì gè xuǎnzé, zhǐ néng xuǎn yīgè....
反映 (fǎnyìng) — to reflect; to report
反映 (fǎnyìng) 反映 has two distinct uses: to reflect or mirror a situation (as in a text or artwork reflecting social reality), and to report or convey information or complaints to a higher authority. Meanings [verb] to reflect; to mirror; to represent (a situation or reality) [verb] to report; to convey (feedback, complaints, or information to someone in authority) Example Sentences 这部小说深刻地反映了二十世纪初的社会现实。 Zhè bù xiǎoshuō shēnkè de fǎnyìngle èrshí shìjì...
住 (zhù) — to live, to reside
住 (zhù) 住 means to live at a place or to stay somewhere. It is used to state where someone lives and also appears as a verb complement meaning "firmly" or "in place" (e.g., 记住 remember firmly, 停住 stop in place). Meanings [verb] To live, to reside (at a location). [verb complement] Firmly, in place (in compounds like 记住, 停住). Example Sentences 你住在哪里？ Nǐ zhù zài nǎlǐ? Where do you...
饺子 (jiǎozi) — dumpling
饺子 (jiǎozi) 饺子 are traditional Chinese dumplings made of thin dough wrappers filled with minced meat and vegetables. They are folded and then boiled, steamed, or pan-fried. Eating dumplings is a central tradition during Chinese New Year and family gatherings. The measure word is 个 (gè) or 只 (zhī). Meanings [noun] Dumpling; jiaozi (a stuffed dough wrapper, usually boiled or pan-fried). Example Sentences 我最喜欢吃妈妈包的饺子。 Wǒ zuì xǐhuān chī māma bāo...
病毒 (bìngdú) — virus
病毒 (bìngdú) 病毒 refers to both biological viruses that cause disease and computer viruses that damage digital systems, making it a versatile term across medical and technological contexts. Meanings [noun] virus (biological) [noun] virus (computer/digital) Example Sentences 流感病毒每年在全球范围内导致大量死亡。 Liúgǎn bìngdú měi nián zài quánqiú fànwéi nèi dǎozhì dàliàng sǐwáng. The influenza virus causes large numbers of deaths worldwide every year. 科学家发现了一种新型病毒，并正在研究其传播方式。 Kēxuéjiā fāxiàn le yī zhǒng xīnxíng bìngdú, bìng zhèngzài...
移动 (yídòng) — to move; to shift; mobile
移动 (yídòng) 移动 means to move or shift from one place to another, or describes something as mobile or portable. Meanings [verb] to move; to shift; to change position [adjective] mobile; portable; designed to be moved Example Sentences 请把椅子移动到窗边。 Qǐng bǎ yǐzi yídòng dào chuāng biān. Please move the chair to the window. 移动互联网改变了人们的沟通方式。 Yídòng hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le rénmen de gōutōng fāngshì. Mobile internet has changed the way people communicate....
平台 (píngtái) — platform; stage
平台 (píngtái) 平台 refers to a physical raised flat surface or, more commonly in modern usage, a digital or organizational platform that supports activity. Meanings [noun] Platform; stage; terrace (physical). [noun] Platform; base (for online services, business, or opportunities). Example Sentences 这个电商平台拥有数百万用户。 Zhège diànshāng píngtái yōngyǒu shù bǎi wàn yònghù. This e-commerce platform has millions of users. 公司为员工提供了一个展示才华的平台。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōngle yīgè zhǎnshì cáihuá de píngtái. The company provided...
报名 (bàomíng) — to register / sign up
报名 (bàomíng) 报名 means to register or sign up for something, such as a class, exam, competition, or event. 报 means to report or submit, and 名 means name. Together they describe the act of submitting your name to join something. In China, 报名 is used constantly in school, work, and daily life. Students 报名 for HSK exams, athletes 报名 for competitions, and professionals 报名 for training courses. You can...
题目 (títu) — title / topic / question
题目 (títu) 题目 covers the title of an essay, book, or speech, the topic or subject of a discussion, and an exam or exercise question. It is closely related to 题 (tí) alone, but 题目 is the full form used in most formal and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] Title; heading (of an essay, article, or work). [noun] Topic; subject (of a speech or discussion). [noun] Question; exercise problem (in a...
创造 (chuàngzào) — to create; creation
创造 (chuàngzào) 创造 means to bring something new into existence through imagination, skill, or effort, and encompasses both artistic creation and the creation of material or social value. Meanings [verb] to create; to produce through original effort [noun] creation; a created work or achievement Example Sentences 这家公司在过去十年里创造了数万个就业机会。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài guòqù shí nián lǐ chuàngzàole shù wàn gè jiùyè jīhuì. This company created tens of thousands of jobs over...
广泛 (guǎngfàn) — widespread; extensive; broad
广泛 (guǎngfàn) 广泛 describes something that covers a wide range, affects many areas, or is spread across a large scope. It is used to modify nouns or to describe how extensively something is done. It carries a neutral to positive connotation of breadth and reach. Meanings [adjective] Widespread; extensive; broad; wide-ranging. Example Sentences 这项技术在医疗、教育和工业领域都得到了广泛应用。 Zhè xiàng jìshù zài yīliáo, jiàoyù hé gōngyè lǐngyù dōu dédào le guǎngfàn yìngyòng. This technology...
面包 (miànbāo) — bread
面包 (miànbāo) 面包 is the word for bread — the baked product made from flour and eaten widely in Western-style breakfasts, cafes, and bakeries across China. 面 means "flour / noodles" and 包 means "bundle / wrapped thing." The measure word for a loaf is 条 (tiáo) and for a slice or individual roll it is 片 (piàn) or 个 (gè). Meanings [noun] Bread; any baked flour-based bread product. Example...
激励 (jīlì) — Motivate, encourage, inspire
激励 (jīlì) 激励 means to motivate, inspire, or encourage someone to strive harder -- it implies an active push that fires up a person's determination and enthusiasm to achieve goals. Meanings [verb] to motivate; to inspire; to encourage; to spur on [noun] motivation; incentive; inspiration Example Sentences 老师的一番话深深地激励了学生们努力追求梦想。 Lǎoshī de yī fān huà shēnshēn de jīlìle xuéshēngmen nǔlì zhuīqiú mèngxiǎng. The teacher's words deeply motivated the students to pursue their...
数据 (shùjù) — data; figures; statistics
数据 (shùjù) 数据 refers to data, facts, or figures collected for reference or analysis, used in both everyday and technical contexts to support arguments or decision-making. Meanings [noun] data; figures; statistics; numerical information Example Sentences 这份报告包含了大量的市场数据。 Zhè fèn bàogào bāohánle dàliàng de shìchǎng shùjù. This report contains a large amount of market data. 数据显示，今年的销售额大幅增长。 Shùjù xiǎnshì, jīnnián de xiāoshòu é dàfú zēngzhǎng. Data shows that this year's sales figures have...
外 (wài) — outside, beyond, other
外 (wài) A locative word meaning outside or beyond. Used to indicate physical location (outside a room, building) or figurative scope (beyond that, in addition to). The opposite is 内 (nèi, inside/interior). Meanings [noun/locative] Outside, exterior. [noun] Other, beyond, in addition to. Example Sentences 外面很冷，多穿点衣服。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, duō chuān diǎn yīfu. It is very cold outside. Wear more clothes. 请在门外等一下。 Qǐng zài mén wài děng yīxià. Please wait outside...
仔细 (zǐxì) — careful; meticulous; attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 describes paying close and careful attention to something so as not to make mistakes or miss details. Meanings [adj/adv] careful; meticulous; attentive; thorough Example Sentences 做题之前要仔细阅读题目。 Zuò tí zhīqián yào zǐxì yuèdú tímù. Read the questions carefully before answering them. 他仔细地检查了每一个细节。 Tā zǐxì de jiǎnchá le měi yī gè xìjié. He carefully examined every detail. 请仔细听，我只说一遍。 Qǐng zǐxì tīng, wǒ zhǐ shuō yī biàn. Please listen carefully;...
左边 (zuǒbiān) — left side; to the left
左边 (zuǒbiān) 左边 is a direction noun meaning "the left side." To say something is located to the left, use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 左边. When giving turn directions, use 向左 (turn left) or 往左走 (walk to the left) rather than 左边. Meanings [n] Left side; the left — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the left — used with 在 to place...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence; influence; impact
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) 影响 describes the effect that one thing has on another, whether positive, negative, or neutral, and functions as both a verb and a noun. Meanings [verb] To influence, to affect, to have an impact on. [noun] Influence, impact, effect. Example Sentences 气候变化正在深刻影响全球的农业生产格局和粮食安全。 Qìhòu biànhuà zhèngzài shēnkè yǐngxiǎng quánqiú de nóngyè shēngchǎn géjú hé liángshí ānquán. Climate change is profoundly affecting global agricultural production patterns and food security. 她从小受到父母的影响，对文学和艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。...
发展 (fāzhǎn) — to develop, development
发展 (fāzhǎn) 发展 refers to development, growth, or advancement, implying movement toward a more complete, refined, or advanced state, and is one of the most widely used terms in Chinese discourse on progress. Meanings [verb] to develop, to grow, to advance, to expand [noun] development, growth, progress Example Sentences 中国经济在过去四十年里取得了举世瞩目的发展。 Zhōngguó jīngjì zài guòqù sìshí nián lǐ qǔdé le jǔshì zhǔmù de fāzhǎn. China's economy has achieved remarkable development in...
微妙 (wēimiào) — subtle; delicate; nuanced
微妙 (wēimiào) Subtle or nuanced describes something that is so delicate and complex that it requires careful attention to perceive or understand, often involving fine distinctions or sensitive dynamics. Meanings [adjective] subtle; delicate; nuanced; sensitive; intricate; hard to pin down Example Sentences 两国之间的外交关系变得微妙而复杂。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de wàijiāo guānxi biàn dé wēimiào ér fùzá. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have become subtle and complex. 他注意到她表情中一个微妙的变化，知道她不高兴了。 Tā zhùyì dào...
为了 (wèile) — in order to / for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition that introduces a purpose or goal, equivalent to "in order to" or "for the sake of." Meanings [preposition] In order to, for the purpose of. [preposition] For the sake of (someone or something). Example Sentences 为了健康，他每天跑步。 Wèile jiànkāng, tā měitiān pǎobù. In order to stay healthy, he runs every day. 她为了孩子放弃了工作。 Tā wèile háizi fàngqì le gōngzuò. She gave up her job for the sake of...
胳膊 (gēbo) — arm
胳膊 (gēbo) 胳膊 means arm. It refers to the full arm from shoulder to wrist. Note the pronunciation: in everyday speech 胳膊 is often pronounced gēbo with a neutral tone on the second syllable. Meanings [noun] Arm (from shoulder to wrist). Example Sentences 他的胳膊受伤了。 Tā de gēbo shòushāng le. His arm is injured. 请举起你的胳膊。 Qǐng jǔqǐ nǐ de gēbo. Please raise your arm. 她挽着他的胳膊走进了餐厅。 Tā wǎnzhe tā de gēbo zǒu...
成熟 (chéngshú) — mature; ripe; to mature
成熟 (chéngshú) 成熟 describes the state of being fully developed, ripe, or mature, applicable to physical things like fruit, but more often used to describe people, ideas, technologies, or plans that have reached a well-developed, stable state. Meanings [adjective] mature; ripe; fully developed; well-rounded [verb] to mature; to ripen; to become fully developed Example Sentences 经过多年的磨砺，他变得更加成熟稳重，懂得如何在压力下做出正确的决定。 Jīngguò duō nián de mólì, tā biàn de gèngjiā chéngshú wěnzhòng, dǒngde rúhé zài...
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) — sorry; I apologize
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) 对不起 means "sorry" or "I apologize." It is used for genuine apologies where you have caused trouble, made a mistake, or wronged someone. Meanings [phrase] Sorry; I apologize; excuse me for what I did wrong (sincere apology). Example Sentences 对不起，我来晚了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le. Sorry, I am late. 对不起，这是我的错。 Duìbuqǐ, zhè shì wǒ de cuò. Sorry, this is my fault. A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B:...
去 (qù) — to go
去 (qù) 去 means "to go," indicating movement away from the speaker's current position toward a destination. It contrasts with 来 (lái), which means movement toward the speaker. Use 去 when you are heading away; use 来 when you or someone else is heading to where the speaker is. Meanings [verb] To go (movement away from the speaker). Example Sentences 我要去超市买东西。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I want to...
菜单 (càidān) — menu
菜单 (càidān) 菜单 is the menu at a restaurant or eatery — the list of available dishes and their prices. It is an essential word for dining out in China. Meanings noun menu (a list of available dishes in a restaurant) Example Sentences 请给我一份菜单。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī fèn càidān. Please give me a menu. 这家餐厅的菜单上有很多素食选项。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de càidān shàng yǒu hěn duō sùshí xuǎnxiàng. This restaurant's menu...
过渡 (guòdù) — transition; to transition
过渡 (guòdù) 过渡 describes a transitional phase or the process of moving from one state, system, or condition to another, and is widely used in political, economic, and social discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] transition; transitional period; changeover [verb] to transition; to shift from one state to another Example Sentences 这个国家正处于从计划经济向市场经济过渡的阶段。 Zhège guójiā zhèng chǔyú cóng jìhuà jīngjì xiàng shìchǎng jīngjì guòdù de jiēduàn. This country is in the...
应对 (yìngduì) — coping; to cope with
应对 (yìngduì) 应对 means to respond to or deal with a challenge, problem, or difficult situation. It implies an active, strategic response rather than passive acceptance. In psychology, 应对 translates the English term "coping" and refers to the strategies people use to manage stress and adversity. Meanings noun/verb coping, response; to cope with, to deal with, to respond to Example Sentences 她学会了如何应对工作中的压力。 Tā xuéhuì le rúhé yìngduì gōngzuò zhōng de...
维生素 (wéishēngsù) — vitamin
维生素 (wéishēngsù) 维生素 is the Chinese word for vitamins, the essential nutrients found in food that the body requires for proper function. It is commonly used when discussing health, diet, and supplements. Meanings [noun] vitamin; essential organic nutrients required by the body in small quantities Example Sentences 橙子里含有丰富的维生素C。 Chéngzi lǐ hányǒu fēngfù de wéishēngsù C. Oranges contain abundant vitamin C. 如果你不经常晒太阳，可能需要补充维生素D。 Rúguǒ nǐ bù jīngcháng shài tàiyáng, kěnéng xūyào bǔchōng...
笨 (bèn) — clumsy; stupid; awkward
笨 (bèn) 笨 describes someone who is slow to understand or physically clumsy, and is the natural opposite of 聪明. Meanings [adj] clumsy; stupid; dull-witted; awkward; not nimble Example Sentences 我觉得我很笨，总是学不好数学。 Wǒ juéde wǒ hěn bèn, zǒng shì xué bù hǎo shùxué. I feel like I am quite dumb; I can never learn math well. 他手很笨，做手工总是做不好。 Tā shǒu hěn bèn, zuò shǒugōng zǒng shì zuò bù hǎo. He has clumsy...
格外 (géwài) — especially; particularly; unusually
格外 (géwài) 格外 is an adverb meaning "especially," "particularly," or "unusually," used when something stands out as noticeably beyond the ordinary or expected level. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; unusually (indicates a quality is markedly beyond what is normal or expected in the current context) Usage Note 格外 is placed before an adjective or verb and implies a comparison with a baseline. It emphasizes that in this particular situation, the quality...
安慰 (ānwèi) — Comfort
安慰 (ānwèi) 安慰 means to comfort or console someone who is sad, worried, or distressed. Meanings [verb] to comfort; to console; to soothe [noun] comfort; consolation; solace Example Sentences 朋友的话给了她很大的安慰。 Péngyǒu de huà gěile tā hěn dà de ānwèi. Her friend's words gave her great comfort. 她失败后，家人纷纷赶来安慰她。 Tā shībài hòu, jiārén fēnfēn gǎn lái ānwèi tā. After she failed, her family all rushed over to comfort her. 有时候，一个拥抱胜过千言万语的安慰。 Yǒu shíhòu,...
娱乐 (yúlè) — entertainment, recreation
娱乐 (yúlè) 娱乐 refers to entertainment in a broad sense, including music, film, games, and any activity that brings amusement or enjoyment. It is closely related to the entertainment industry. Meanings n entertainment, recreation, amusement Example Sentences 看电视是他最喜欢的娱乐方式。 Kàn diànshì shì tā zuì xǐhuān de yúlè fāngshì. Watching TV is his favorite form of entertainment. 娱乐产业在中国发展得非常迅速。 Yúlè chǎnyè zài Zhōngguó fāzhǎn de fēicháng xùnsù. The entertainment industry has developed very...
相反 (xiāngfǎn) — opposite; on the contrary
相反 (xiāngfǎn) 相反 is used to express opposition or contradiction between two things, either as an adjective describing opposite states or as a discourse marker introducing a contrasting statement. Meanings [adjective] opposite; contrary; reverse [adverb/conjunction] on the contrary; conversely Example Sentences 他们两人的性格截然相反，一个内敛，一个开朗。 Tāmen liǎng rén de xìnggé jiérán xiāngfǎn, yī gè nèilǎn, yī gè kāilǎng. The two of them have completely opposite personalities -- one introverted, one outgoing. 我以为他会反对，相反，他非常支持这个计划。 Wǒ...
条例 (tiáolì) — regulation, ordinance
条例 (tiáolì) An official document containing a systematic set of rules or regulations issued by a government authority -- subordinate to laws but binding within a specific domain. Meanings [noun] regulation, ordinance, decree, bylaws Example Sentences 城市管理条例规定，禁止在公共场所随地吐痰。 Chéngshì guǎnlǐ tiáolì guīdìng, jìnzhǐ zài gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ suídì tǔ tán. Urban management regulations stipulate that spitting in public places is prohibited. 该企业因违反劳动保护条例而被罚款。 Gāi qǐyè yīn wéifǎn láodòng bǎohù tiáolì ér bèi fákuǎn....
责任 (zérèn) — responsibility / duty
责任 (zérèn) 责任 refers to a responsibility or duty that a person is expected to fulfill and is accountable for. It carries a moral weight — having 责任 means you own the outcome. The key phrases 负责任 (be responsible) and 有责任 (have a responsibility) are very common. Meanings [noun] Responsibility; duty; obligation. [noun] Accountability; blame (when something goes wrong). Example Sentences 父母有责任照顾好自己的孩子。 Fùmǔ yǒu zérèn zhàogù hǎo zìjǐ de háizi....
克制 (kèzhì) — to restrain, self-control
克制 (kèzhì) 克制 refers to the act of consciously suppressing or restraining one's emotions, desires, or impulses through willpower and discipline. Meanings [verb] to restrain, to suppress, to hold back (emotions or impulses) [adjective] restrained, self-controlled, measured Example Sentences 面对挑衅，他努力克制住自己的愤怒。 Miànduì tiǎoxìn, tā nǔlì kèzhì zhù zìjǐ de fènnù. Facing provocation, he worked hard to restrain his anger. 谈判代表在整个过程中保持了高度克制。 Tánpàn dàibiǎo zài zhěnggè guòchéng zhōng bǎochí le gāodù kèzhì. The...
为了 (wèile) — in order to, for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition meaning "in order to" or "for the sake of," used to state the purpose or motivation behind an action. It introduces a goal and precedes the verb phrase that achieves it. Meanings [prep] In order to, for the purpose of, for the sake of. Example Sentences 为了学好汉语，他每天练习。 Wèile xuéhǎo Hànyǔ, tā měi tiān liànxí. In order to learn Chinese well, he practices every day. 她为了家人努力工作。 Tā...
道理 (dàolǐ) — reason; logic; truth; principle
道理 (dàolǐ) 道理 refers to the sense or logic behind an argument, a moral truth, or a general principle that guides how things should be understood. Meanings [noun] reason; logic; truth; principle — the underlying rationale or moral logic of a statement, belief, or action Example Sentences 你说的很有道理。 Nǐ shuō de hěn yǒu dàolǐ. What you said makes a lot of sense. 这个道理很简单。 Zhège dàolǐ hěn jiǎndān. This principle is...
资质 (zīzhì) — qualification; aptitude
资质 (zīzhì) 资质 refers to a person's innate ability, natural talent, or formally verified qualification, and is commonly used in professional, academic, and HR contexts at B2 level. Meanings [noun] qualification; credential; certification [noun] aptitude; natural ability; endowment Example Sentences 他的资质完全符合这个职位的要求。 Tā de zīzhì wánquán fúhé zhège zhíwèi de yāoqiú. His qualifications fully meet the requirements of this position. 这家公司拥有国家级的建筑资质。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yōngyǒu guójiājí de jiànzhù zīzhì. This company...
程序 (chéngxù) — procedure; program
程序 (chéngxù) 程序 refers to either a formal sequence of steps or procedures that must be followed, or a computer program, making it a versatile term across legal, administrative, and technical contexts. Meanings [noun] procedure; process; formal steps [noun] computer program; software application Example Sentences 申请签证需要按照规定的程序提交相关材料。 Shēnqǐng qiānzhèng xūyào ànzhào guīdìng de chéngxù tíjiāo xiāngguān cáiliào. Applying for a visa requires submitting relevant documents following the prescribed procedures. 这个程序运行时占用大量内存，影响了电脑速度。 Zhège...
影响力 (yǐngxiǎnglì) — influence; clout
影响力 (yǐngxiǎnglì) 影响力 refers to the power or capacity of a person, organization, or idea to affect others, often in a positive or important way. Meanings [noun] influence; clout; power to affect others Example Sentences 这位科学家在国际上有很大的影响力。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā zài guójì shàng yǒu hěn dà de yǐngxiǎnglì. This scientist has great influence internationally. 社交媒体增强了普通人的影响力。 Shèjiāo méitǐ zēngqiángle pǔtōng rén de yǐngxiǎnglì. Social media has enhanced the influence of ordinary people....
万 (wàn) — ten thousand
万 (wàn) The word for ten thousand; Chinese groups numbers in units of 10,000 (万) rather than 1,000 (thousand), so learning to think in 万 is essential for large numbers: 一万 = 10,000, 十万 = 100,000, 一百万 = 1,000,000. Meanings [number] Ten thousand (10,000). [adverb] Absolutely, by all means (in compounds: 万一, just in case; 千万, whatever you do). Example Sentences 这套房子卖一百万。 Zhè tào fángzi mài yī bǎi wàn. This...
大 (dà) — big / large
大 (dà) An adjective meaning "big," "large," or "great" in size, age, or degree. It is one of the first adjectives learners encounter and appears in countless compounds. Its antonym is 小 (xiǎo), meaning "small." Meanings [adjective] Big, large (in size or scale). [adjective] Old, grown (used for age, especially of people). Example Sentences 这是一个大城市。 Zhè shì yīgè dà chéngshì. This is a big city. 我的包很大。 Wǒ de bāo hěn...
部门 (bùmén) — department; section; division
部门 (bùmén) 部门 refers to a distinct unit or division within an organization, government, or company. Meanings [noun] Department; section; division; unit (within an organization). Example Sentences 你在哪个部门工作？ Nǐ zài nǎge bùmén gōngzuò? Which department do you work in? 这件事需要各个部门合作完成。 Zhè jiàn shì xūyào gège bùmén hézuò wánchéng. This matter requires cooperation from every department to complete. 销售部门本季度超额完成了任务。 Xiāoshòu bùmén běn jìdù chāo'é wánchéngle rènwù. The sales department exceeded its...
百 (bǎi) — hundred
百 (bǎi) The word for one hundred; in compound numbers, 一 before 百 is often dropped in colloquial speech (一百 → 百, though 一百 is always correct). Gaps between non-consecutive digits require 零: 一百零五 = 105. Meanings [number] Hundred, one hundred. [adjective] All kinds of, a great many (in idioms: 百分之百, one hundred percent; 百姓, common people). Example Sentences 这本书一百二十页。 Zhè běn shū yī bǎi èrshí yè. This book has...
醋 (cù) — vinegar / jealousy
醋 (cù) 醋 is primarily the condiment vinegar, essential in Chinese cooking for its sharp, sour flavor. Colloquially, 吃醋 (eat vinegar) means to feel jealous, especially in a romantic relationship — a vivid metaphor for the sour feeling of envy. Meanings [noun] Vinegar (the condiment). [noun / colloquial] Jealousy (romantic), in the phrase 吃醋. Example Sentences 做饺子的时候可以蘸醋吃。 Zuò jiǎozi de shíhòu kěyǐ zhàn cù chī. When eating dumplings you can...
威胁 (wēixié) — Threaten
威胁 (wēixié) 威胁 means to threaten someone or something, or refers to a threat that puts someone at risk. Meanings [verb] to threaten; to intimidate; to pose a threat to [noun] threat; menace Example Sentences 污染正在严重威胁这里的生态环境。 Wūrǎn zhèngzài yánzhòng wēixié zhèlǐ de shēngtài huánjìng. Pollution is seriously threatening the ecological environment here. 他受到了恐怖分子的威胁，不敢出门。 Tā shòudào le kǒngbù fènzǐ de wēixié, bù gǎn chūmén. He was threatened by terrorists and didn't...
丰富 (fēngfù) — rich; abundant; to enrich
丰富 (fēngfù) 丰富 describes something that is plentiful, varied, and full of substance, and can also be used as a verb meaning to enrich or expand. Meanings [adjective] Rich, abundant, plentiful, varied (in content or resources). [verb] To enrich, to make richer or more varied. Example Sentences 这座城市有着丰富的历史文化遗产，吸引了大量国内外游客。 Zhè zuò chéngshì yǒuzhe fēngfù de lìshǐ wénhuà yíchǎn, xīyǐn le dàliàng guónèi wài yóukè. This city has rich historical and cultural...
不妨 (bùfáng) — might as well, there is no harm in
不妨 (bùfáng) 不妨 is an adverb meaning "there is no harm in (doing something)" or "might as well." It suggests that an action is worth trying, is harmless, or is a reasonable option. It often conveys a tentative suggestion, an open invitation, or a mild recommendation without strong obligation. Meanings [adv] might as well, why not (suggesting an action is worth attempting) [adv] there is no harm in, it would...
系统 (xìtǒng) — system; systematic
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 refers to an organised set of interconnected components that function as a whole. As an adjective it means systematic or comprehensive. It is one of the most productive words in formal Chinese, appearing across science, technology, medicine, education, and management. Meanings [noun] system (biological, technological, social, administrative, etc.) [adjective] systematic; comprehensive; well-organised Example Sentences 人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病入侵的第一道防线。 Réntǐ de miǎnyì xìtǒng shì dǐyù jíbìng rùqīn de dì yī dào...
经历 (jīnglì) — experience; to experience
经历 (jīnglì) 经历 means both the lived experiences one accumulates and the act of going through an event or period, functioning as a noun and a verb. Meanings [noun] Experience; personal history (events one has gone through). [verb] To experience; to go through; to live through. Example Sentences 这次旅行是我一生中最难忘的经历。 Zhè cì lǚxíng shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì nánwàng de jīnglì. This trip is the most unforgettable experience of my life....
铸造 (zhùzào) — to cast; to forge; casting
铸造 (zhùzào) 铸造 refers to the process of casting or forging metal objects by melting and pouring into moulds, and is also used metaphorically to describe the shaping or forging of character, culture, or history. Meanings [verb/noun] to cast; casting (of metal or other materials) [verb] to forge; to shape; to create (metaphorical, of character or achievement) Example Sentences 这座铜像由古代工匠精心铸造而成，至今保存完好。 Zhè zuò tóngxiàng yóu gǔdài gōngjiàng jīngxīn zhùzào ér chéng,...
吸引 (xīyǐn) — to attract; to draw; to fascinate
吸引 (xīyǐn) 吸引 describes the power to draw someone's attention, interest, or presence toward something, whether physical or psychological. Meanings [verb] To attract, to draw, to fascinate, to captivate. Example Sentences 这座城市丰富的夜生活和多元文化深深吸引了来自世界各地的年轻人。 Zhè zuò chéngshì fēngfù de yèshēnghuó hé duōyuán wénhuà shēnshēn xīyǐn le láizì shìjiè gèdì de niánqīngrén. The city's vibrant nightlife and diverse culture deeply attracted young people from all over the world. 她的演讲极具感染力，吸引了在场所有听众的注意力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng jí...
技术 (jìshù) — technology; technique; skill
技术 (jìshù) 技术 refers to technology, technical skill, or a specialized technique used in a particular field. Meanings [noun] Technology; technique; technical skill. Example Sentences 这家公司在技术方面领先全球。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài jìshù fāngmiàn lǐngxiān quánqiú. This company leads the world in technology. 他的技术非常熟练。 Tā de jìshù fēicháng shúliàn. His technical skills are very proficient. 新技术的应用改变了我们的生活方式。 Xīn jìshù de yìngyòng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. The application of new technology has...
先进 (xiānjìn) — advanced; cutting-edge
先进 (xiānjìn) 先进 describes something that is advanced, modern, or ahead of others in terms of technology, methods, or achievement. Meanings [adjective] advanced, cutting-edge, or ahead of the current standard Example Sentences 这家工厂使用了最先进的生产技术。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shǐyòng le zuì xiānjìn de shēngchǎn jìshù. This factory uses the most advanced production technology. 我们应该学习先进的管理经验。 Wǒmen yīnggāi xuéxí xiānjìn de guǎnlǐ jīngyàn. We should learn from advanced management experience. 先进的医疗设备帮助医生更好地诊断疾病。 Xiānjìn de yīliáo...
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) — rude, crude
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) 粗鲁 describes behavior or speech that is rude, rough, or lacking in consideration for others, often carrying a strongly negative judgment. Meanings [adjective] rude, crude, rough, impolite, boorish Example Sentences 他说话很粗鲁，让大家都很不舒服。 Tā shuōhuà hěn cūlǔ, ràng dàjiā dōu hěn bù shūfu. He speaks very rudely, making everyone feel uncomfortable. 粗鲁的行为会让人失去朋友。 Cūlǔ de xíngwéi huì ràng rén shīqù péngyou. Rude behavior will cause people to lose friends. 不要对长辈说话粗鲁。 Bùyào...
终于 (zhōngyú) — finally; at last
终于 (zhōngyú) 终于 expresses that something happened after a long wait or much effort. It always carries an emotional undertone, either relief or satisfaction. Place it before the verb, usually after the subject. Meanings [adv] Finally; at last — something expected or hoped for has come to pass. [adv] In the end; ultimately — after a series of events or attempts. Example Sentences 我终于找到工作了。 Wǒ zhōngyú zhǎodào gōngzuò le. I...
警察 (jǐngchá) — police
警察 (jǐngchá) 警察 means police or police officer. It refers both to individual law enforcement officers and to the police as an institution. The measure word for one officer is 名 (míng) or 个 (gè). Meanings [noun] Police officer; policeman; policewoman. [noun] The police (as an institution or force). Example Sentences 快叫警察！ Kuài jiào jǐngchá! Call the police quickly! 那位警察帮助了迷路的孩子。 Nà wèi jǐngchá bāngzhù le mílù de háizi. That police...
结束 (jiéshù) — to end / finish
结束 (jiéshù) A word meaning "to end" or "to finish" as a verb, and "the end" as a noun. It signals the completion of an event or activity. Its antonym is 开始 (kāishǐ), meaning "to begin." Meanings [verb] To end, to finish, to conclude (an event or activity). [noun] The end, the conclusion (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点结束？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn jiéshù? What time does the movie end? 工作结束后，我去买东西。 Gōngzuò...
筷子 (kuàizi) — chopsticks
筷子 (kuàizi) 筷子 means chopsticks. These are the two thin sticks used for eating in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cuisine. The measure word for a pair is 双 (shuāng) and for a single stick is 根 (gēn). Meanings [noun] Chopsticks. Example Sentences 你会用筷子吗？ Nǐ huì yòng kuàizi ma? Do you know how to use chopsticks? 请给我一双筷子。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī shuāng kuàizi. Please give me a pair of chopsticks. 我练习了很久才学会用筷子。...
字 (zì) — character; word; handwriting
字 (zì) 字 refers to a written character or script unit in Chinese, and by extension can mean a word, a letter, or someone's handwriting style. Meanings [noun] a written character (a single Chinese character or letter) [noun] a word or written form of a word [noun] handwriting; one's style of writing Example Sentences 这个字怎么写？ Zhège zì zěnme xiě? How do you write this character? 他的字写得很漂亮。 Tā de zì xiě...
用药 (yòngyào) — to administer medication
用药 (yòngyào) 用药 refers to the act of administering, prescribing, or using medications in a clinical or therapeutic context. Beyond the basic meaning, it encompasses the full pharmacological decision-making process: drug selection, dosing, timing, and route of administration. At C2 level, it is used in pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, and medical ethics with an emphasis on rationality and precision. Meanings verb to administer medication; to prescribe or use pharmaceutical drugs therapeutically...
赶 (gǎn) — to rush; to catch (transport)
赶 (gǎn) 赶 means to rush to a place or hurry to catch something such as a bus or train before it departs. Meanings [verb] to rush; to hurry; to catch (a bus, train, etc.); to drive away Example Sentences 我要赶火车，得快点儿走。 Wǒ yào gǎn huǒchē, děi kuài diǎnr zǒu. I need to catch the train, so I have to move faster. 她早上起晚了，赶着去上班。 Tā zǎoshang qǐ wǎn le, gǎnzhe qù shàngbān....
示范 (shìfàn) — to demonstrate; to set an example
示范 (shìfàn) 示范 means to demonstrate a skill or behavior as a model for others to observe and follow, widely used in education, policy, and professional training. Meanings [verb] to demonstrate; to set an example; to model [noun] demonstration; model example Example Sentences 体育老师亲自示范了正确的跳远姿势。 Tǐyù lǎoshī qīnzì shìfàn le zhèngquè de tiào yuǎn zīshì. The PE teacher personally demonstrated the correct long-jump posture. 这个试点城市将作为绿色发展的示范，供全国学习借鉴。 Zhège shìdiǎn chéngshì jiāng zuòwéi lǜsè...
退化 (tuìhuà) — degeneration; to degenerate; to deteriorate
退化 (tuìhuà) 退化 describes the process of declining, weakening, or degenerating to a more primitive or inferior state, used in biology, medicine, and broader metaphorical contexts. Meanings [verb/noun] degeneration; to degenerate (biological or evolutionary) [verb/noun] deterioration; to deteriorate; to regress Example Sentences 长期缺乏锻炼会导致肌肉退化，影响身体健康。 Chángqī quēfá duànliàn huì dǎozhì jīròu tuìhuà, yǐngxiǎng shēntǐ jiànkāng. Long-term lack of exercise can cause muscle degeneration and affect physical health. 穴居鱼类因为长期生活在黑暗中，眼睛逐渐退化。 Xuéjū yúlèi yīnwèi chángqī...
假期 (jiàqī) — vacation / holiday period
假期 (jiàqī) A period of days or weeks free from work or school, such as summer vacation or a national holiday break. While 假日 is a single day, 假期 refers to a span of time. Meanings [noun] Vacation, holiday period, break (a stretch of time off). [noun] Leave period (from work or school). Example Sentences 暑假是我最喜欢的假期。 Shǔjià shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jiàqī. Summer vacation is my favorite holiday period....
引领 (yǐnlǐng) — to lead; to pioneer; to show the way
引领 (yǐnlǐng) To lead or pioneer means to go ahead and show the way, inspiring or guiding others to follow, often used for innovation, trends, or social progress. Meanings [verb] to lead; to pioneer; to guide forward; to show the way; to set the trend for Example Sentences 中国正在努力引领全球新能源技术的发展。 Zhōngguó zhèngzài nǔlì yǐnlǐng quánqiú xīn néngyyuán jìshù de fāzhǎn. China is working hard to lead the development of global new...
变化 (biànhuà) — change; to change
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to a change or transformation, whether in physical conditions, situations, or attitudes. Meanings [noun] change; transformation; variation [verb] to change; to undergo transformation Example Sentences 这个城市发生了很大的变化。 Zhège chéngshì fāshēng le hěn dà de biànhuà. This city has undergone great changes. 天气变化很快，要带好雨伞。 Tiānqì biànhuà hěn kuài, yào dài hǎo yǔsǎn. The weather changes quickly, so take an umbrella with you. 学了一年汉语，她的口语有了明显的变化。 Xué le yī nián Hànyǔ, tā...
假日 (jiàrì) — holiday / day off
假日 (jiàrì) A day that is designated as a holiday or a day free from work or school, either officially or personally. Meanings [noun] Holiday, day off, non-working day. [noun] Public holiday, festival day. Example Sentences 今天是假日，商店关门了。 Jīntiān shì jiàrì, shāngdiàn guānmén le. Today is a holiday; the stores are closed. 假日里我喜欢去爬山。 Jiàrì lǐ wǒ xǐhuān qù pá shān. On holidays, I like to go hiking. 春节是中国最重要的假日。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó...
同事 (tóngshì) — colleague
同事 (tóngshì) 同事 means colleague or coworker, referring to someone who works at the same organization or shares the same workplace. It is the standard, polite word for a professional peer. Meanings [noun] Colleague; coworker. Example Sentences 他是我的同事，我们一起工作。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngshì, wǒmen yīqǐ gōngzuò. He is my colleague; we work together. 同事们帮我完成了任务。 Tóngshìmen bāng wǒ wánchéng le rènwu. My colleagues helped me complete the task. 我和同事的关系很好。 Wǒ hé...
推出 (tuīchū) — to launch; to roll out
推出 (tuīchū) 推出 means to launch, roll out, or introduce something to the public or market, and is widely used in business, policy, media, and cultural contexts. Meanings [verb] to launch; to roll out (a product, policy, or service) [verb] to introduce; to put forward; to bring out (a new offering) Example Sentences 该品牌近期推出了一款全新的智能手机产品。 Gāi pǐnpái jìnqī tuīchūle yī kuǎn quánxīn de zhìnéng shǒujī chǎnpǐn. The brand recently launched a...
文件 (wénjiàn) — document; file; official paper
文件 (wénjiàn) 文件 refers to a document, file, or official paper, whether physical or digital, containing written information that serves as a record or official communication. Meanings [noun] a document; a file; an official paper; a record Example Sentences 请把这份文件发给所有部门的负责人。 Qǐng bǎ zhè fèn wénjiàn fāgěi suǒyǒu bùmén de fùzérén. Please send this document to the heads of all departments. 我需要打印几份重要文件。 Wǒ xūyào dǎyìn jǐ fèn zhòngyào wénjiàn. I need...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing / stuff
东西 (dōngxi) A noun meaning things or stuff. In its idiomatic sense (neutral tone on 西: dōngxi), it refers to objects, items, or stuff in general. In its literal sense (both syllables fully toned: dōng xī), it means "east and west," the two compass directions. The idiomatic meaning is by far the more common at HSK 1. Meanings [noun] Things, stuff, objects, items (idiomatic, very common). [noun] East and west,...
利益 (lìyì) — interest, benefit, profit
利益 (lìyì) 利益 refers to a broad range of advantages, gains, or benefits -- material or non-material -- that serve the welfare or goals of an individual, group, or country. Meanings [noun] interest, benefit, profit, gain (used broadly for material and non-material advantages) Example Sentences 国家利益是外交政策制定的核心出发点。 Guójiā lìyì shì wàijiāo zhèngcè zhìdìng de héxīn chūfādiǎn. National interest is the core starting point for formulating foreign policy. 这项协议对双方都有利，符合共同利益。 Zhè xiàng xiéyì...
画 (huà) — to draw, to paint; a painting
画 (huà) 画 means to draw or paint as a verb, and a drawing or painting as a noun. It covers any act of making visual art with lines or color. Meanings [verb] To draw, to paint. [noun] A picture, a painting. Example Sentences 她喜欢画画。 Tā xǐhuān huà huà. She likes drawing. (The first 画 is the verb, the second is the noun.) 他画了一幅山水画。 Tā huà le yī fú shānshuǐ...
活动 (huódòng) — activity; event
活动 (huódòng) 活动 refers to an organized activity or event, and as a verb it means to move around or exercise. Meanings [noun] activity; event; exercise [verb] to move about; to exercise; to do physical activity Example Sentences 学校今天下午有一个活动。 Xuéxiào jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu yī gè huódòng. The school has an event this afternoon. 多做户外活动对身体有好处。 Duō zuò hùwài huódòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochù. Doing more outdoor activities is good for your...
啤酒 (píjiǔ) — beer
啤酒 (píjiǔ) 啤酒 means beer. 啤 is a phonetic borrowing representing "beer" and 酒 means alcoholic drink. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in China. Meanings [noun] Beer. Example Sentences 你喜欢喝啤酒吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān hē píjiǔ ma? Do you like drinking beer? 我要一瓶啤酒。 Wǒ yào yī píng píjiǔ. I want a bottle of beer. 天热的时候喝冰啤酒很舒服。 Tiān rè de shíhou hē bīng píjiǔ hěn shūfu. Drinking cold beer when it's...
贷款 (dàikuǎn) — loan; to take out a loan
贷款 (dàikuǎn) 贷款 refers to a loan from a bank or financial institution, and is central vocabulary for discussions of personal finance, housing, business operations, and economic policy in China. Meanings [noun] loan; credit (from a bank) [verb] to take out a loan; to lend money (from a bank's perspective) Example Sentences 他向银行申请了一笔住房贷款。 Tā xiàng yínháng shēnqǐng le yī bǐ zhùfáng dàikuǎn. He applied to the bank for a housing...
威权主义 (wēiquán zhǔyì) — authoritarianism
威权主义 (wēiquán zhǔyì) 威权主义 refers to a political ideology or system in which power is concentrated in a single authority with limited political freedoms and civil liberties. It is commonly contrasted with democracy and liberalism in political discourse. Meanings [noun] authoritarianism; a system of governance that prioritizes centralized control over individual freedoms Example Sentences 威权主义政府通常限制公民的言论自由。 Wēiquán zhǔyì zhèngfǔ tōngcháng xiànzhì gōngmín de yánlùn zìyóu. Authoritarian governments typically restrict citizens' freedom...
大数据 (dà shùjù) — big data
大数据 (dà shùjù) Big data refers to extremely large data sets that are analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions. Meanings [noun] big data; massive collections of digital information processed for insight Example Sentences 大数据正在改变我们的生活方式。 Dà shùjù zhèngzài gǎibiàn wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Big data is changing the way we live. 政府利用大数据来预测交通拥堵。 Zhèngfǔ lìyòng dà shùjù lái yùcè jiāotōng yōngdǔ. The government...
区域 (qūyù) — area; zone; region
区域 (qūyù) 区域 refers to a defined area, zone, or region, which can be geographical, administrative, or functional in nature. Meanings [noun] an area, zone, or defined region of space or territory Example Sentences 这个区域的气候非常温暖。 Zhège qūyù de qìhòu fēicháng wēnnuǎn. The climate in this area is very warm. 公司在不同区域设立了办事处。 Gōngsī zài bùtóng qūyù shèlì le bànshìchù. The company has set up offices in different regions. 禁止在这个区域内吸烟。 Jìnzhǐ zài zhège...
打扫 (dǎsǎo) — to clean / to sweep
打扫 (dǎsǎo) 打扫 means to clean up or sweep, typically referring to cleaning a room, floor, or indoor space. It is often followed by a location as the object. The similar word 扫 (sǎo) alone can mean to sweep, but 打扫 is more commonly used for general cleaning. Meanings [verb] To clean; to sweep; to tidy up (a room or space). Example Sentences 我每周末打扫房间。 Wǒ měi zhōumò dǎsǎo fángjiān. I...
桌子 (zhuōzi) — table
桌子 (zhuōzi) A noun meaning table or desk. The 子 (zi) suffix is a common neutral-tone suffix added to many household nouns. 桌子 can refer to a dining table, a desk, or any flat-surface table. Meanings [noun] Table, desk. Example Sentences 书放在桌子上。 Shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mùtou zuò de. This table is made of wood. 请把桌子擦干净。 Qǐng bǎ...
儿子 (érzi) — son
儿子 (érzi) 儿子 means son, a male child. 儿 means "child" or "son" and 子 is a classical word also meaning "child/person." Together they form the everyday word for son. Meanings [noun] Son, male child. Example Sentences 他们有一个儿子。 Tāmen yǒu yī gè érzi. They have one son. 我的儿子今年五岁。 Wǒ de érzi jīnnián wǔ suì. My son is five years old this year. 儿子每天去上学。 Érzi měitiān qù shàngxué. My son goes...
差不多 (chàbuduō) — almost; about the same
差不多 (chàbuduō) 差不多 is used to say that two things are about the same, or that something is nearly complete or approximately true. Meanings [adjective] about the same; similar; nearly equal [adverb] almost; nearly; approximately Example Sentences 这两件衣服的价格差不多。 Zhè liǎng jiàn yīfu de jiàgé chàbuduō. The prices of these two pieces of clothing are about the same. 他差不多每天都来这里运动。 Tā chàbuduō měitiān dōu lái zhèlǐ yùndòng. He comes here to exercise...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; the web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the standard Chinese term for the internet, emphasizing its nature as an interconnected global network. Meanings [noun] internet; the web — the worldwide network connecting computers and people across the globe Example Sentences 我每天都用互联网工作。 Wǒ měi tiān dōu yòng hùliánwǎng gōngzuò. I use the internet every day for work. 互联网改变了我们的生活。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó. The internet has changed our lives. 没有互联网，我什么都做不了。 Méiyǒu hùliánwǎng, wǒ...
原则 (yuánzé) — principle; rule; tenet
原则 (yuánzé) 原则 refers to a fundamental principle, rule, or guiding belief that directs one's behavior or approach to decisions. Meanings [noun] a principle, rule, or fundamental tenet that guides behavior or decisions Example Sentences 诚实是他做人的基本原则。 Chénshí shì tā zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Honesty is his basic principle in life. 我们必须坚持公平公正的原则。 Wǒmen bìxū jiānchí gōngpíng gōngzhèng de yuánzé. We must adhere to the principle of fairness and justice. 这个决定违反了公司的核心原则。 Zhège...
总是 (zǒngshì) — always; invariably
总是 (zǒngshì) 总是 describes an action that happens every time or is characteristic of someone. It refers to a repeated habit or a defining trait, not necessarily a continuous state. This sets it apart from 一直 (yīzhí), which means "continuously" or "the whole time." Place 总是 before the verb. Meanings [adv] Always; invariably — happens every time, a consistent habit. [adv] Keeps doing; perpetually — a repeated tendency (sometimes with...
做好 (zuò hǎo) — to do well; to finish properly
做好 (zuò hǎo) 做好 is a verb + result complement. 做 means "to do/make" and 好 here is not a stand-alone adjective but a result complement meaning "well / properly / to a satisfactory state." The combination means to complete something in a thorough, satisfactory way — not just finishing, but finishing well. The negative forms are 没做好 (didn't do it well) and 做不好 (can't do it well). Meanings [v+comp]...
条款 (tiáokuǎn) — clause, provision, term
条款 (tiáokuǎn) A specific, individually numbered provision or clause within a legal document, contract, agreement, or regulation -- the building blocks of formal written agreements. Meanings [noun] clause, provision, term, article (in a contract or legal document) Example Sentences 合同中有一条款规定，任何一方都不得擅自转让权利。 Hétong zhōng yǒu yī tiáokuǎn guīdìng, rènhé yī fāng dōu bù dé shànzì zhuǎnràng quánlì. One clause in the contract stipulates that neither party may transfer rights without authorization. 请仔细阅读服务协议中的所有条款后再签字。...
必要 (bìyào) — necessary; essential; indispensable
必要 (bìyào) 必要 means necessary or essential, describing something that is required or cannot be avoided in a given situation. Meanings [adjective] necessary; essential; indispensable; required Example Sentences 有必要在会议前准备好材料。 Yǒu bìyào zài huìyì qián zhǔnbèi hǎo cáiliào. It is necessary to prepare materials before the meeting. 沟通是解决问题的必要条件。 Gōutōng shì jiějué wèntí de bìyào tiáojiàn. Communication is a necessary condition for solving problems. 这次手术是必要的，不能推迟。 Zhè cì shǒushù shì bìyào de, bù...
具体 (jùtǐ) — specific, concrete
具体 (jùtǐ) 具体 describes something that is clearly defined, detailed, and tangible rather than vague, general, or abstract, often implying practical specificity. Meanings [adjective] specific, concrete, detailed [adverb] specifically, concretely, in detail Example Sentences 请你具体说明一下这个计划的实施步骤。 Qǐng nǐ jùtǐ shuōmíng yīxià zhège jìhuà de shíshī bùzhòu. Please explain the implementation steps of this plan in specific detail. 你的建议太抽象了，能给出一些具体的例子吗？ Nǐ de jiànyì tài chōuxiàng le, néng gěi chū yīxiē jùtǐ de lìzi...
奶奶 (nǎinai) — paternal grandmother
奶奶 (nǎinai) 奶奶 specifically means your father's mother (paternal grandmother). Chinese family terms are precise about which side of the family a relative belongs to. The maternal grandmother is 外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao). Meanings [noun] Paternal grandmother (father's mother). Example Sentences 我奶奶住在北京。 Wǒ nǎinai zhù zài Běijīng. My grandmother lives in Beijing. 奶奶做的饺子最好吃。 Nǎinai zuò de jiǎozi zuì hǎochī. Grandma's dumplings are the most delicious. 我每个周末都去看奶奶。 Wǒ měi gè...
主要 (zhǔyào) — main; primary; major
主要 (zhǔyào) 主要 points to the most important or central part of something, distinguishing it from secondary elements. Meanings [adjective] Main; primary; major; principal. Example Sentences 这是我们主要的问题。 Zhè shì wǒmen zhǔyào de wèntí. This is our main problem. 他的主要工作是教书。 Tā de zhǔyào gōngzuò shì jiāo shū. His main job is teaching. 主要原因是缺乏经验。 Zhǔyào yuányīn shì quēfá jīngyàn. The main reason is a lack of experience. 这本书主要介绍中国历史。 Zhè běn shū zhǔyào...
简洁 (jiǎnjié) — concise; brief; succinct
简洁 (jiǎnjié) 简洁 means concise, brief, and clear, describing language, design, or style that is free of unnecessary elements. Meanings [adjective] concise; brief; succinct; clean and clear without unnecessary elements Example Sentences 他的演讲风格简洁有力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng fēnggé jiǎnjié yǒulì. His speaking style is concise and powerful. 好的设计应该简洁美观。 Hǎo de shèjì yīnggāi jiǎnjié měiguān. Good design should be concise and attractive. 请用简洁的语言表达你的想法。 Qǐng yòng jiǎnjié de yǔyán biǎodá nǐ de xiǎngfǎ....
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) — infectious disease; contagious disease
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) 传染病 refers to diseases caused by pathogens that can spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission, including airborne, contact, and vector-borne routes. Meanings [noun] infectious disease; communicable disease; contagious disease (illness that can be transmitted from person to person) Example Sentences 新冠肺炎是近年来影响最广泛的传染病之一，导致全球数百万人死亡。 Xīnguān fèiyán shì jìn nián lái yǐngxiǎng zuì guǎngfàn de chuánrǎnbìng zhī yī, dǎozhì quánqiú shùbǎi wàn rén sǐwáng. COVID-19 is one...
两 (liǎng) — two (before measure words)
两 (liǎng) The form of "two" used directly before measure words (classifiers) and in quantities; it cannot appear in pure counting sequences or ordinals — that is the job of 二 (èr). See the 二 page for the full comparison. Meanings [number] Two (quantity, always before a measure word or unit). [adjective] A couple of, a few (colloquial: 说两句, say a few words). Example Sentences 我有两个哥哥。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè...
浪费 (làngfèi) — to waste; wasteful
浪费 (làngfèi) 浪费 means to use resources, time, or money carelessly, using more than is necessary. Meanings [verb/adj] to waste; to squander; wasteful Example Sentences 不要浪费食物，吃多少做多少。 Bùyào làngfèi shíwù, chī duōshao zuò duōshao. Don't waste food; only make as much as you will eat. 浪费时间就是浪费生命。 Làngfèi shíjiān jiùshì làngfèi shēngmìng. Wasting time is wasting your life. 买了不用的东西是一种浪费。 Mǎi le bùyòng de dōngxi shì yī zhǒng làngfèi. Buying things you won't...
条件 (tiáojiàn) — condition / requirement
条件 (tiáojiàn) 条件 means condition, requirement, or terms. It refers to the circumstances or prerequisites necessary for something to happen, or the terms of an agreement. It can also refer to one's personal circumstances or qualifications. A common phrase is 生活条件 (living conditions), which describes the quality of someone's daily life. Another is 条件好 (good conditions/circumstances), often used to describe a person with a good background or favorable situation. Meanings...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore; as a result; thus
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 connects a cause to its result, meaning "therefore" or "as a result," and is commonly used in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; thus (links a cause to its consequence). Example Sentences 他努力学习，因此考试得了高分。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, yīncǐ kǎoshì dé le gāo fēn. He studied hard; therefore he got a high score on the exam. 天气很冷，因此很多人待在家里。 Tiānqì hěn lěng, yīncǐ hěn duō rén dāi...
关 (guān) — to close / to turn off
关 (guān) A verb meaning "to close," "to shut," or "to turn off." It is the action that stops or seals something that was previously open or active. Its antonym is 开 (kāi), meaning "to open" or "to turn on." Meanings [verb] To close, to shut (a door, window). [verb] To turn off (a light, TV, computer). Example Sentences 请关门，外面很冷。 Qǐng guān mén, wàimiàn hěn lěng. Please close the door,...
推广 (tuīguǎng) — to promote; to spread; to popularize
推广 (tuīguǎng) 推广 means to promote something so that it reaches a wider audience or is adopted more broadly, whether it is a technology, practice, language, product, or policy. Meanings [verb] to promote; to popularize; to spread; to roll out (to a wider audience or larger scale) Example Sentences 政府积极推广普通话教育，使不同方言地区的人们能够顺畅交流。 Zhèngfǔ jījí tuīguǎng pǔtōnghuà jiàoyù, shǐ bùtóng fāngyán dìqū de rénmen néng gòu shùnchàng jiāoliú. The government has actively promoted...
写 (xiě) — to write
写 (xiě) 写 means to write, whether writing Chinese characters, a message, an essay, or any other text. It is distinct from 读 (dú, to read aloud) and 看 (kàn, to read silently). Meanings [verb] To write (characters, text, a letter, a composition). Example Sentences 请写下你的名字。 Qǐng xiě xià nǐ de míngzi. Please write down your name. 他每天练习写汉字。 Tā měitiān liànxí xiě Hànzì. He practices writing Chinese characters every day....
克服 (kèfú) — to overcome; to surmount
克服 (kèfú) 克服 means to overcome or conquer a difficulty, fear, or obstacle through effort and determination. Meanings [verb] to overcome, conquer, or surmount a challenge, difficulty, or obstacle Example Sentences 他克服了对公开演讲的恐惧。 Tā kèfú le duì gōngkāi yǎnjiǎng de kǒngjù. He overcame his fear of public speaking. 成功需要克服许多困难和挑战。 Chénggōng xūyào kèfú xǔduō kùnnán hé tiǎozhàn. Success requires overcoming many difficulties and challenges. 她凭着坚强的意志克服了重病。 Tā píng zhe jiānqiáng de yìzhì kèfú...
手机 (shǒujī) — smartphone
手机 (shǒujī) A noun meaning mobile phone or smartphone. It literally means "hand machine." In modern Chinese, 手机 is the default word for any personal mobile device. Compare with 电话 (diànhuà), which originally meant telephone but now more often refers to phone calls rather than the device itself. If someone says 打电话, they mean making a call. If they talk about the object in your pocket, they say 手机. Meanings...
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) — software
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) 软件 is the standard Chinese term for software, covering everything from operating systems to mobile apps. It contrasts directly with 硬件 (hardware) and is used in both technical and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] software; computer programs, applications, and operating systems Example Sentences 这款软件使用起来非常简单。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn shǐyòng qǐlái fēicháng jiǎndān. This software is very easy to use. 公司开发了一款新的管理软件。 Gōngsī kāifā le yī kuǎn xīn de guǎnlǐ ruǎnjiàn. The...
效率 (xiàolǜ) — efficiency; effectiveness
效率 (xiàolǜ) 效率 refers to efficiency, describing how well resources such as time and energy are used to achieve results, with minimal waste. Meanings [noun] efficiency; effectiveness; productivity Example Sentences 提高工作效率是每个员工的目标。 Tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ shì měi gè yuángōng de mùbiāo. Improving work efficiency is the goal of every employee. 这个新软件大大提高了数据处理的效率。 Zhège xīn ruǎnjiàn dàdà tígāole shùjù chǔlǐ de xiàolǜ. This new software greatly improved data processing efficiency. 开会太多会降低团队的工作效率。 Kāihuì tài...
食材 (shícái) — ingredient, foodstuff
食材 (shícái) 食材 refers to the raw ingredients or foodstuffs used in preparing a meal. It is a common word in everyday cooking contexts. Meanings noun ingredient, foodstuff (raw material used in cooking) Example Sentences 新鲜的食材是做好菜的关键。 Xīnxiān de shícái shì zuò hǎo cài de guānjiàn. Fresh ingredients are the key to cooking a good dish. 他去市场买了很多食材。 Tā qù shìchǎng mǎile hěn duō shícái. He went to the market and bought...
抽象 (chōuxiàng) — abstract; to abstract
抽象 (chōuxiàng) 抽象 describes something that is conceptual, theoretical, or not tied to concrete physical reality. It is the opposite of 具体 (concrete/specific), and refers to ideas, art, or concepts that require imagination or intellectual reasoning to grasp. Meanings [adjective] abstract; not concrete; conceptual; theoretical [verb] to abstract; to extract the essential qualities from something [noun] abstraction Example Sentences 哲学中的很多概念非常抽象，需要通过具体的例子才能帮助学生理解。 Zhéxué zhōng de hěn duō gàiniàn fēicháng chōuxiàng, xūyào tōngguò...
层 (céng) — floor; layer; storey
层 (céng) 层 is both a measure word for floors or stories of a building and for layers of any stacked substance. When counting floors, Chinese ground floor is 一层 (yī céng), equivalent to the first floor in American English or ground floor in British English. Meanings [measure word] Floor; storey. Used with numbers to indicate which level of a building. [measure word/noun] Layer. Used for anything arranged in horizontal...
人口 (rénkǒu) — population
人口 (rénkǒu) Refers to the total number of people living in a country, city, or region. Meanings [noun] Population, the total number of inhabitants. [noun] Number of people (in a household or area). Example Sentences 中国的人口超过十四亿。 Zhōngguó de rénkǒu chāoguò shísì yì. China's population exceeds 1.4 billion. 这个城市的人口增长很快。 Zhège chéngshì de rénkǒu zēngzhǎng hěn kuài. The population of this city is growing very fast. 农村人口越来越少了。 Nóngcūn rénkǒu yuèláiyuè shǎo le....
气候 (qìhòu) — climate
气候 (qìhòu) 气候 means climate. It refers to the long-term weather patterns typical of a region, as opposed to 天气 (tiānqì), which is the weather on any given day. 气 means air or atmosphere, and 候 means season or time period. A useful contrast: 今天天气怎么样 (What is the weather like today?) uses 天气, while 这里的气候很好 (The climate here is very nice) uses 气候. One is a daily snapshot; the other...
以后 (yǐhòu) — after / in the future / from now on
以后 (yǐhòu) A time reference word meaning "after" a specific point in time, or "in the future / from now on" when used without a reference. Always refers to time later than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] After (a specific time), following. [noun/adverb] In the future, from now on, later. Example Sentences 下课以后，我们去喝咖啡吧。 Xià kè yǐhòu, wǒmen qù hē kāfēi ba. After class, let's go drink coffee. 以后我想住在海边。 Yǐhòu wǒ...
别 (bié) — don't (imperative)
别 (bié) 别 is the negative imperative adverb meaning "don't." It precedes a verb to tell someone not to perform that action. The key distinction: 别 is a command or strong request directed at a person, while 不 simply states a factual negative. Use 别 when you want to stop or warn someone. Meanings [adverb] Don't (imperative). Commands or urges someone not to do something. Compare: 别走 (don't go —...
辨析 (biànxī) — to analyze and differentiate
辨析 (biànxī) 辨析 means to analyze and differentiate through careful examination, particularly when distinguishing between similar or easily confused items. It is the standard term used in linguistics and language education for explaining the differences between near-synonyms. The word implies both the act of distinguishing and the process of analytical reasoning that supports that distinction. Meanings [v] to analyze and differentiate; to examine closely and distinguish [v] to discriminate between...
打印 (dǎyìn) — to print
打印 (dǎyìn) 打印 means to print, referring to printing documents or images on a printer. 打 is a versatile verb used in many compounds and here means to strike or operate. 印 means to print or stamp. Together they describe the action of a printer pressing ink onto paper. Meanings [verb] To print (using a printer); to make a printed copy. Example Sentences 请帮我打印这份文件。 Qǐng bāng wǒ dǎyìn zhè fèn...
效果 (xiàoguǒ) — effect; result; impact
效果 (xiàoguǒ) 效果 refers to the effect, result, or impression that an action, plan, or treatment produces. Meanings [noun] Effect; result; outcome; impact. Example Sentences 这个治疗方法的效果很明显。 Zhège zhìliáo fāngfǎ de xiàoguǒ hěn míngxiǎn. The effect of this treatment is very noticeable. 这部电影的视觉效果令人印象深刻。 Zhè bù diànyǐng de shìjué xiàoguǒ lìng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. The visual effects of this movie are impressive. 新政策取得了良好的效果。 Xīn zhèngcè qǔdéle liánghǎo de xiàoguǒ. The new policy...
报道 (bàodào) — to report; news report
报道 (bàodào) 报道 refers to the act of reporting news or information by media outlets, as well as the resulting news report, coverage, or story itself. Meanings [verb] to report; to cover (news events); to make a report [noun] news report; coverage; reporting Example Sentences 这家报社派遣记者前往灾区进行实地报道，让全国人民了解灾情的真实情况。 Zhè jiā bàoshè pàiqiǎn jìzhě qiánwǎng zāiqū jìnxíng shídì bàodào, ràng quánguó rénmín liǎojiě zāiqíng de zhēnshí qíngkuàng. This newspaper sent reporters to the...
改革 (gǎigé) — reform; to reform
改革 (gǎigé) 改革 means reform — the process of making meaningful changes to a system, institution, or policy in order to improve it. It is used both as a noun and a verb. Meanings n reform v to reform, to carry out reforms Example Sentences 中国在1978年开始了重大的经济改革。 Zhōngguó zài 1978 nián kāishǐ le zhòngdà de jīngjì gǎigé. China began major economic reforms in 1978. 政府计划改革现有的教育制度。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà gǎigé xiànyǒu de jiàoyù...
想象力 (xiǎngxiànglì) — imagination; imaginative power
想象力 (xiǎngxiànglì) 想象力 refers to the mental capacity or power to form images, ideas, and concepts not present to the senses, i.e., the imagination, especially in creative, artistic, or intellectual pursuits. Meanings [noun] imagination; imaginative power; creative capacity Example Sentences 儿童时期是培养想象力最关键的阶段，丰富的游戏和阅读体验能激发孩子的创造潜能。 Értóng shíqī shì péiyǎng xiǎngxiànglì zuì guānjiàn de jiēduàn, fēngfù de yóuxì hé yuèdú tǐyàn néng jīfā háizi de chuàngzào qiánnéng. Childhood is the most critical stage for developing...
方案 (fāng'àn) — plan; scheme; program; proposal
方案 (fāng'àn) 方案 is a detailed, thought-out plan or proposal designed to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem. Meanings [noun] Plan; scheme; program; proposal; solution. Example Sentences 我们提出了一个新的发展方案。 Wǒmen tíchūle yīgè xīn de fāzhǎn fāng'àn. We put forward a new development plan. 这个方案需要进一步讨论。 Zhège fāng'àn xūyào jìnyībù tǎolùn. This proposal needs further discussion. 请在明天前提交你的方案。 Qǐng zài míngtiān qián tíjiāo nǐ de fāng'àn. Please submit your plan before tomorrow....
每 (měi) — every / each
每 (měi) 每 means every or each. It is placed before a measure word or time expression to indicate that something applies to all members of a group without exception. Common patterns include 每天 (every day), 每次 (every time), and 每个人 (every person). Meanings [determiner] Every; each — applies to all members of a set without exception. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang pǎobù. I go running every morning. 每个人都有自己的优点。...
使命 (shǐmìng) — mission
使命 (shǐmìng) 使命 refers to a mission or calling — a duty of great significance that one is entrusted with or feels compelled to fulfill. It carries a sense of gravity and purpose beyond mere tasks or assignments, often appearing in contexts of historical responsibility, institutional purpose, or personal vocation. Meanings [n] mission, calling (a solemn duty of high significance) [n] mandate, charge (an official duty entrusted to a person...
经过 (jīngguò) — to pass by / through
经过 (jīngguò) 经过 means to pass by a place or go through a process. As a preposition it introduces the means or process through which a result was achieved. Meanings [verb] To pass by; to pass through (a place or process). [preposition] After; through; as a result of (introducing a process). Example Sentences 我每天上学都要经过那个公园。 Wǒ měitiān shàngxué dōu yào jīngguò nàgè gōngyuán. I pass by that park every day on...
虚拟现实 (xūnǐ xiànshí) — virtual reality
虚拟现实 (xūnǐ xiànshí) 虚拟现实 refers to computer-generated immersive environments that simulate the real world or create entirely fictional spaces, commonly abbreviated as VR in both Chinese and English contexts. Meanings [noun] virtual reality (VR) Example Sentences 虚拟现实技术正在改变游戏行业。 Xūnǐ xiànshí jìshù zhèngzài gǎibiàn yóuxì hángyè. Virtual reality technology is transforming the gaming industry. 这家医院用虚拟现实帮助患者进行康复训练。 Zhè jiā yīyuàn yòng xūnǐ xiànshí bāngzhù huànzhě jìnxíng kāngfù xùnliàn. This hospital uses virtual reality to...
政策 (zhèngcè) — policy
政策 (zhèngcè) An official set of principles or a plan of action adopted by a government, institution, or organization to guide decisions and achieve goals. Meanings [noun] policy, directive, official guideline Example Sentences 新的税收政策将从下月起正式实施。 Xīn de shuìshōu zhèngcè jiāng cóng xià yuè qǐ zhèngshì shíshī. The new tax policy will officially take effect from next month. 政府出台了一系列支持中小企业的优惠政策。 Zhèngfǔ chūtāile yī xìliè zhīchí zhōngxiǎo qǐyè de yōuhuì zhèngcè. The government has...
声誉 (shēngyù) — reputation; prestige
声誉 (shēngyù) 声誉 refers to the reputation or prestige that a person, organization, or brand has built over time -- the way they are regarded and spoken of by others. Meanings [noun] reputation; prestige; good name; standing Example Sentences 这家公司凭借优质的服务赢得了良好的声誉。 Zhè jiā gōngsī píngjiè yōuzhì de fúwù yíngdé le liánghǎo de shēngyù. This company has earned a good reputation through its quality service. 一旦声誉受损，重建信任需要很长时间。 Yīdàn shēngyù shòusǔn, chóngjiàn xìnrèn xūyào...
专业人士 (zhuānyè rénshì) — Professional / expert
专业人士 (zhuānyè rénshì) 专业人士 refers to a person who has specialized training or expertise in a particular field — a professional or expert. Meanings [noun] professional, expert, specialist (in a given field) Example Sentences 遇到法律问题，最好咨询专业人士。 Yùdào fǎlǜ wèntí, zuìhǎo zīxún zhuānyè rénshì. When you encounter legal issues, it is best to consult a professional. 这个项目需要很多不同领域的专业人士参与。 Zhège xiàngmù xūyào hěn duō bùtóng lǐngyù de zhuānyè rénshì cānyù. This project requires professionals...
阐述 (chǎnshù) — to elaborate, to expound
阐述 (chǎnshù) 阐述 means to elaborate or expound on something at length, presenting ideas systematically and in detail. Unlike 阐明 which focuses on achieving clarity, 阐述 emphasizes the process of detailed explanation. It is a highly formal term used in academic writing, speeches, and official presentations where thorough exposition is expected. Meanings [v] to elaborate; to expound; to set forth in detail [v] to explain thoroughly; to present (a viewpoint...
天气 (tiānqì) — weather
天气 (tiānqì) Weather. 天 means "sky" or "day," and 气 means "air," "breath," or "atmosphere." Together they describe the atmospheric conditions of the sky. Meanings [noun] Weather. The atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time, such as temperature, rain, and wind. Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? What is the weather like today? 明天天气很好。 Míngtiān tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather tomorrow will be nice. 北京的天气很冷。 Běijīng de tiānqì hěn...
进步 (jìnbù) — progress; to make progress
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 expresses positive advancement or improvement, whether in a person's skills, a society's development, or the state of a field, and is one of the most common positive evaluative words in Chinese. Meanings [noun] progress; advancement; improvement [verb] to make progress; to improve; to advance Example Sentences 经过几个月的努力，她的中文水平有了明显的进步。 Jīngguò jǐ gè yuè de nǔlì, tā de zhōngwén shuǐpíng yǒule míngxiǎn de jìnbù. After several months of effort, her...
决策 (juécè) — decision-making, policy decision
决策 (juécè) 决策 refers to the process of making significant decisions, particularly in organizational, governmental, or strategic contexts, as well as the decisions themselves. Meanings [noun] decision-making; a policy decision, strategic decision [verb] to make decisions, to determine a course of action Example Sentences 科学的决策需要充分的数据支撑和理性分析。 Kēxué de juécè xūyào chōngfèn de shùjù zhīchēng hé lǐxìng fēnxī. Scientific decision-making requires sufficient data support and rational analysis. 管理层的错误决策导致公司蒙受了巨大损失。 Guǎnlǐ céng de cuòwù...
二 (èr) — two
二 (èr) The number two; use 二 for standalone counting, ordinals, phone numbers, and positions in compound numbers. Use 两 (liǎng) when directly preceding a measure word (两个人, two people) or in quantities. Meanings [number] Two, the digit 2. Key Distinction: 二 vs. 两 二 is used when counting (一、二、三), in ordinals (第二, second), in compound numbers (二十, 20; 一百二, 120), and in phone or ID numbers. 两 is used...
大夫 (dàifu) — doctor
大夫 (dàifu) 大夫 means doctor or physician. Importantly, in this medical sense it is pronounced dàifu (not dàfū). It is the common spoken term in Northern China. The more formal and standard Mandarin word for doctor is 医生 (yīshēng), which is used across all regions and in writing. Meanings [noun] Doctor; physician (spoken, especially in Northern China). Example Sentences 大夫说我需要休息几天。 Dàifu shuō wǒ xūyào xiūxi jǐ tiān. The doctor said...
留 (liú) — to stay / to leave behind
留 (liú) 留 has two closely related core meanings: to stay or remain in a place, and to leave something behind or keep something. Context determines which sense is intended. Meanings [verb] To stay; to remain; to linger. [verb] To leave behind; to keep; to retain. [verb] To leave (a message, note, or trace). Example Sentences 请留下来吃饭吧。 Qǐng liú xialai chīfàn ba. Please stay and have dinner. 她给我留了一张纸条。 Tā gěi...
身体 (shēntǐ) — body, health
身体 (shēntǐ) Refers to the physical body or to one's state of health. It is commonly used in greetings and well-wishes to inquire about or comment on someone's health. Meanings [noun] The physical body. [noun] Health, physical condition. Example Sentences 你身体好吗？ Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo ma? How is your health? 多运动对身体有好处。 Duō yùndòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochu. Exercising more is good for the body. 他身体很好，每天跑步。 Tā shēntǐ hěn hǎo, měi tiān...
按时 (ànshí) — on time; punctually
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, describing the act of doing something at the scheduled, agreed-upon, or required time without being late. Meanings [adverb] on time; punctually; at the appointed time Example Sentences 请按时提交作业，不要迟交。 Qǐng ànshí tíjiāo zuòyè, bùyào chí jiāo. Please submit your homework on time; do not hand it in late. 他每天按时去上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān ànshí qù shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He goes to work on time...
融合 (rónghé) — to merge, to integrate, fusion
融合 (rónghé) 融合 describes the blending or integration of distinct elements into a unified whole, where the original components lose their sharp boundaries and become part of something new and cohesive. Meanings [verb] to merge, to fuse, to integrate, to blend together [noun] fusion, integration, blending (of cultures, ideas, or elements) Example Sentences 这种音乐风格融合了东西方的音乐元素。 Zhè zhǒng yīnyuè fēnggé rónghé le dōng xīfāng de yīnyuè yuánsù. This musical style fuses elements...
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) — mental health
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) 心理健康 refers to a person's psychological and emotional well-being, encompassing the ability to manage stress, maintain positive relationships, and function effectively in daily life. Meanings [noun phrase] mental health; psychological well-being; emotional health Example Sentences 关注心理健康和身体健康同样重要，两者共同构成一个人的整体健康状态。 Guānzhù xīnlǐ jiànkāng hé shēntǐ jiànkāng tóngyàng zhòngyào, liǎng zhě gòngtóng gòuchéng yī gè rén de zhěngtǐ jiànkāng zhuàngtài. Paying attention to mental health is just as important as physical health;...
是 (shì) — to be (is, am, are)
是 (shì) 是 is the main linking verb in Chinese, equivalent to "is," "am," or "are." It connects a subject to a noun or noun phrase. Important: 是 does NOT mean "to have." Use 有 (yǒu) for possession. Also note that 是 is not used before adjectives. Say 他很高 (he is tall), not 他是高. Meanings [verb] To be (is, am, are). Links subject to an identity or classification. Example Sentences...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting; fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) 有意思 describes something that is interesting, fun, amusing, or thought-provoking enough to hold one's attention. Meanings [adjective] interesting; engaging; worth paying attention to [adjective] fun; amusing; entertaining Example Sentences 这本书非常有意思，我一口气读完了。 Zhè běn shū fēicháng yǒu yìsi, wǒ yī kǒu qì dú wán le. This book is extremely interesting; I read it all in one go. 今天的课很有意思，老师讲了很多故事。 Jīntiān de kè hěn yǒu yìsi, lǎoshī jiǎng le hěn duō...
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) — sustainable development
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) 可持续发展 is the Chinese term for "sustainable development," referring to growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Meanings [noun phrase] sustainable development (development that balances economic, social, and environmental needs) Example Sentences 可持续发展是当今世界面临的重要课题。 Kě chíxù fāzhǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè miànlín de zhòngyào kètí. Sustainable development is an important issue facing the world today. 联合国提出了17项可持续发展目标。 Liánhéguó tíchū le 17...
段 (duàn) — section; segment; paragraph (measure word)
段 (duàn) 段 is a measure word for sections or segments cut from a longer whole. It counts stretches of road (一段路), paragraphs of text (一段话 / 一段文章), periods of time (一段时间), and segments of things like rope or pipe. The key idea is a delimited portion cut from something continuous. Meanings [mw] Section; segment — a portion of something continuous (road, text, rope, timeline). [mw] Paragraph; passage — used...
属性 (shǔxìng) — attribute, property
属性 (shǔxìng) 属性 refers to an inherent attribute or property that belongs to something as part of its nature, often used in philosophical, scientific, and technical contexts to describe what something fundamentally is or has. Meanings [noun] attribute, property, inherent quality [noun] (computing) attribute, parameter (of an object or element) Example Sentences 社会性是人类的基本属性之一。 Shèhuì xìng shì rénlèi de jīběn shǔxìng zhī yī. Sociality is one of the basic attributes of...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a sentence-final particle with two main uses: making a soft suggestion ("let's...") and expressing a tentative assumption or seeking confirmation ("I suppose... right?"). Meanings [particle] Suggestion softener: turns a statement into a gentle proposal (let's go, shall we?). [particle] Assumption marker: expresses that the speaker assumes something is true and seeks confirmation. Example Sentences 我们走吧！ Wǒmen zǒu ba! Let's go! 你是学生吧？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ba? You...
作用 (zuòyòng) — function; role; effect
作用 (zuòyòng) 作用 refers to the function or role that something plays, or the effect and impact it has on something else. Meanings [noun] function; role; the purpose something serves [noun] effect; impact; the result produced by an action or substance Example Sentences 这种药对发烧有很好的作用。 Zhè zhǒng yào duì fāshāo yǒu hěn hǎo de zuòyòng. This medicine has a very good effect on fever. 老师在学生的成长中起了很大的作用。 Lǎoshī zài xuésheng de chéngzhǎng zhōng...
懒惰 (lǎnduò) — lazy
懒惰 (lǎnduò) 懒惰 describes someone who is lazy or unwilling to work and make effort -- a negative character trait involving a lack of energy or motivation. Meanings [adjective] lazy; indolent; idle Example Sentences 他太懒惰了，什么事都不想做。 Tā tài lǎnduò le, shénme shì dōu bù xiǎng zuò. He is too lazy; he doesn't want to do anything. 懒惰是成功的最大敌人。 Lǎnduò shì chénggōng de zuìdà dírén. Laziness is the greatest enemy of success. 不要让懒惰影响你的学习。...
头疼 (tóuténg) — headache / troublesome
头疼 (tóuténg) 头疼 literally means the head hurts. It is used both literally (to have a headache) and figuratively (to find something troublesome or annoying). It is also written 头痛 (tóutòng) with the same meaning. Meanings [verb] To have a headache; for one's head to hurt. [adjective] Troublesome; annoying; a headache (figurative). Example Sentences 我今天头疼，不想出门。 Wǒ jīntiān tóuténg, bù xiǎng chūmén. I have a headache today and do not want...
便宜 (piányí) — cheap / inexpensive
便宜 (piányí) An adjective meaning "cheap" or "inexpensive." It describes a price that is low or affordable. Note: in this meaning, 便 is read as pián, not biàn. Its antonym is 贵 (guì), meaning "expensive." Meanings [adjective] Cheap, inexpensive, affordable (in price). Example Sentences 这家店的东西很便宜。 Zhè jiā diàn de dōngxi hěn piányí. The things in this shop are very cheap. 这条裤子比那条便宜多了。 Zhè tiáo kùzi bǐ nà tiáo piányí duō le....
能力 (nénglì) — ability; capability; capacity
能力 (nénglì) 能力 refers to the power, skill, or capacity that enables a person or thing to do or achieve something. Meanings [noun] Ability; capability; capacity; competence. Example Sentences 她有很强的组织能力。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de zǔzhī nénglì. She has very strong organizational ability. 提高语言能力需要大量练习。 Tígāo yǔyán nénglì xūyào dàliàng liànxí. Improving language ability requires a great deal of practice. 这个任务超出了他的能力范围。 Zhège rènwù chāochū le tā de nénglì fànwéi. This task...
内容 (nèiróng) — content / substance
内容 (nèiróng) The substance, material, or information that makes up a book, speech, course, or any other medium. Meanings [noun] Content, substance, material (of a text, course, etc.). [noun] Subject matter, what something is about. Example Sentences 这本书的内容很丰富。 Zhè běn shū de nèiróng hěn fēngfù. The content of this book is very rich. 老师讲课的内容很有意思。 Lǎoshī jiǎng kè de nèiróng hěn yǒu yìsi. The content of the teacher's lesson is very...
总体 (zǒngtǐ) — overall; in general; on the whole
总体 (zǒngtǐ) 总体 means overall or in general, used to describe something from a comprehensive, whole-picture perspective rather than focusing on individual parts. Meanings [adjective] overall; general; comprehensive [adverb] on the whole; in general; overall Example Sentences 总体来说，这次活动非常成功。 Zǒngtǐ lái shuō, zhè cì huódòng fēicháng chénggōng. Overall, this event was very successful. 公司总体表现不错，但还有改进的空间。 Gōngsī zǒngtǐ biǎoxiàn bùcuò, dàn hái yǒu gǎijìn de kōngjiān. The company's overall performance is good, but...
问 (wèn) — to ask
问 (wèn) A verb meaning "to ask" or "to inquire." It is used when seeking information or posing a question. Its counterpart is 回答 (huídá), meaning "to answer." Together 问 and 回答 form the basic question-answer pair in conversation. Meanings [verb] To ask, to inquire, to question. Example Sentences 我想问你一个问题。 Wǒ xiǎng wèn nǐ yīgè wèntí. I want to ask you a question. 请问，这里有厕所吗？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu cèsuǒ ma? Excuse...
集成电路 (jíchéng diànlù) — integrated circuit
集成电路 (jíchéng diànlù) 集成电路 is an electronic circuit in which all components — transistors, resistors, capacitors, and their interconnections — are fabricated on a single semiconductor substrate, typically silicon. Invented in the late 1950s, integrated circuits enabled the miniaturization and mass production of complex electronic systems and are the foundation of modern computing and telecommunications. Meanings [noun] integrated circuit (IC); a miniaturized electronic circuit fabricated on a single semiconductor chip...
提供 (tígōng) — to provide; to offer; to supply
提供 (tígōng) 提供 means to provide, supply, or offer something to someone. It emphasizes the act of making a resource, service, or information available to someone who needs it. It is used in formal and informal contexts alike. Meanings [verb] To provide; to supply; to offer; to furnish. Example Sentences 公司为员工提供免费的健康体检服务。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōng miǎnfèi de jiànkāng tǐjiǎn fúwù. The company provides free health check-up services for its employees....
发现 (fāxiàn) — to discover
发现 (fāxiàn) 发现 means to discover or find out something that was previously unknown or unnoticed. It can refer to physical findings, realizations, or new knowledge. Meanings [verb] To discover; to find; to notice; to realize. [noun] A discovery; a finding. Example Sentences 我发现了一个好方法。 Wǒ fāxiàn le yīgè hǎo fāngfǎ. I discovered a good method. 他发现钱包不见了。 Tā fāxiàn qiánbāo bú jiàn le. He discovered that his wallet was missing. 科学家发现了一种新物质。...
话题 (huàtí) — topic; subject of conversation
话题 (huàtí) 话题 is a versatile noun for any topic of conversation or discussion, from casual everyday subjects to trending social issues, and is especially common in informal and media contexts. Meanings [noun] topic; subject of conversation; talking point Example Sentences 天气是人们最常见的话题之一。 Tiānqì shì rénmen zuì chángjiàn de huàtí zhī yī. The weather is one of the most common topics of conversation. 这部电影上映后成为了社交媒体上的热门话题。 Zhè bù diànyǐng shàngyìng hòu chéngle shèjiāo...
哭 (kū) — to cry
哭 (kū) 哭 means to cry or weep, expressing sadness, pain, or strong emotion through tears and often sound. Meanings [verb] to cry; to weep; to shed tears from emotion or pain Example Sentences 她看完那部电影就哭了。 Tā kàn wán nà bù diànyǐng jiù kū le. She cried after finishing that movie. 小孩子摔倒了，开始大声哭。 Xiǎo háizi shuāi dǎo le, kāishǐ dàshēng kū. The little child fell down and started crying loudly. 别哭了，一切都会好的。 Bié...
同学 (tóngxué) — classmate
同学 (tóngxué) A noun meaning classmate or schoolmate. It refers to someone who studies at the same school or in the same class. It can also be used as a polite way to address a student you do not know. Meanings [noun] Classmate, schoolmate, fellow student. [address form] Used to politely address a student you do not know. Example Sentences 她是我的同学，我们在同一个班。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngxué, wǒmen zài tóng yīgè...
扩大 (kuòdà) — to expand, to enlarge
扩大 (kuòdà) 扩大 means to expand or enlarge the scope, scale, or size of something, typically implying a deliberate or significant widening of reach or capacity. Meanings [verb] to expand, to enlarge, to extend, to broaden (scope, scale, influence) [noun] expansion, enlargement (in compound structures) Example Sentences 公司计划扩大在亚洲市场的业务范围。 Gōngsī jìhuà kuòdà zài Yàzhōu shìchǎng de yèwù fànwéi. The company plans to expand its business scope in the Asian market. 政府采取措施扩大就业，缓解失业压力。...
熟悉 (shúxī) — familiar with
熟悉 (shúxī) 熟悉 means to be familiar with something through repeated contact, practice, or experience. It is the feeling of knowing something well enough that it no longer feels foreign. Meanings [verb] To know well; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with. [adjective] Familiar; well-known (to oneself). Example Sentences 我对这个城市很熟悉。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì hěn shúxī. I am very familiar with this city. 他熟悉这里的环境，可以带我们参观。 Tā shúxī zhèlǐ de huánjìng,...
警示 (jǐngshì) — to warn; a warning
警示 (jǐngshì) 警示 means to warn or to serve as a warning, and is commonly used in safety, legal, and educational contexts to alert people to dangers or consequences. Meanings [verb] to warn; to caution; to alert [noun] a warning; a caution; an alert Example Sentences 这个案例对其他企业具有重要的警示意义。 Zhège ànlì duì qítā qǐyè jùyǒu zhòngyào de jǐngshì yìyì. This case has important warning significance for other enterprises. 政府在危险路段设置了警示标志。 Zhèngfǔ zài wēixiǎn...
海鲜 (hǎixiān) — seafood
海鲜 (hǎixiān) 海鲜 means seafood. It refers to all edible creatures from the sea, including fish, shrimp, crab, oysters, and squid. 海 means sea or ocean, and 鲜 means fresh or tasty. Together they evoke freshly caught, delicious food from the sea. Meanings [noun] Seafood; edible creatures from the sea or ocean. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的海鲜很新鲜。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de hǎixiān hěn xīnxiān. The seafood at this restaurant is very fresh....
新能源 (xīn néngyuán) — new energy, renewable energy
新能源 (xīn néngyuán) Energy derived from sources other than traditional fossil fuels, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and hydrogen power -- central to global climate and energy policy discussions. Meanings [noun] new energy, renewable energy, clean energy Example Sentences 中国已成为全球最大的新能源汽车生产国。 Zhōngguó yǐ chéngwéi quánqiú zuì dà de xīn néngyuán qìchē shēngchǎn guó. China has become the world's largest producer of new energy vehicles. 政府计划大幅增加新能源在能源结构中的比重。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà dàfú zēngjiā xīn néngyuán zài...
然而 (rán'ér) — however; but; nevertheless
然而 (rán'ér) 然而 is a formal conjunction meaning however, but, or nevertheless, used to introduce a contrasting statement. Meanings [conjunction] however; but; nevertheless; used to introduce a contrast or unexpected turn Example Sentences 他努力工作，然而结果并不理想。 Tā nǔlì gōngzuò, rán'ér jiéguǒ bìng bù lǐxiǎng. He worked hard; however, the result was not ideal. 计划听起来不错，然而实施起来并不容易。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, rán'ér shíshī qǐlái bìng bù róngyì. The plan sounds good; however, it is not...
累 (lèi) — tired; exhausted
累 (lèi) 累 describes the state of being tired or exhausted, whether from physical activity, mental effort, or a long day. Meanings [adj] tired; exhausted; fatigued; worn out Example Sentences 工作了一整天，我真的很累。 Gōngzuò le yī zhěng tiān, wǒ zhēn de hěn lèi. After working a whole day, I am really tired. 你看起来很累，早点休息吧。 Nǐ kàn qǐlái hěn lèi, zǎodiǎn xiūxi ba. You look very tired; get some rest early. 爬山之后，大家都累坏了。 Páshān zhīhòu,...
黑 (hēi) — black, dark
黑 (hēi) 黑 means black or dark. It describes the color black as well as darkness caused by absence of light. As an adjective it comes directly before a noun or after 很. Meanings [adjective] Black (the color). [adjective] Dark (lacking light). Example Sentences 他有一件黑衣服。 Tā yǒu yī jiàn hēi yīfu. He has a black shirt. 外面很黑，要小心。 Wàimiàn hěn hēi, yào xiǎoxīn. It is very dark outside, be careful. 那只猫是黑色的。...
中午 (zhōngwǔ) — noon, midday
中午 (zhōngwǔ) 中午 means noon or midday, around 12:00 p.m. 中 means "middle" and 午 means "noon," forming a word that pinpoints the exact middle of the day. Meanings [noun] Noon, midday (approximately 11:30 to 13:00). Example Sentences 中午我们一起吃饭吧。 Zhōngwǔ wǒmen yīqǐ chīfàn ba. Let's eat together at noon. 他中午不回家吃饭。 Tā zhōngwǔ bù huí jiā chīfàn. He does not go home for lunch at noon. 中午十二点我有空。 Zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn wǒ...
论证 (lùnzhèng) — to argue; argumentation
论证 (lùnzhèng) 论证 refers to the process of supporting a claim or thesis through logical reasoning and evidence, and is a key term in academic writing and formal debate. Meanings [verb] to argue for; to demonstrate through reasoning; to substantiate [noun] argumentation; logical proof; the process of reasoning toward a conclusion Example Sentences 这篇论文的论证严密而有力。 Zhè piān lùnwén de lùnzhèng yánmì ér yǒulì. The argumentation in this thesis is rigorous and...
越来越… (yuè lái yuè...) — more and more...
越来越… (yuè lái yuè...) 越来越 is placed before an adjective or verb to describe something that is continuously increasing in degree. It always refers to a process unfolding over time, not a static comparison. Structure Subject + 越来越 + Adjective/Verb (+ 了) 了 at the end often marks the change as already noticeable. Example Sentences 他的中文越来越流利了。 Tā de Zhōngwén yuè lái yuè liúlì le. His Chinese is getting more and...
根基 (gēnjī) — foundation, basis
根基 (gēnjī) 根基 combines the ideas of roots (根) and foundation (基) to refer to the deep, fundamental base upon which something rests. It is used both concretely (the structural foundation of a building) and metaphorically (the intellectual, moral, or social foundation of a system or person). It implies something deeply embedded and difficult to shake. Meanings [n] foundation, basis (the underlying support on which something depends) [n] roots, grounding...
信封 (xìnfēng) — envelope
信封 (xìnfēng) A paper container used for mailing letters, folded and sealed to enclose written correspondence. Meanings [noun] Envelope, a paper casing for sending letters. Example Sentences 请把信放进信封里，再寄出去。 Qǐng bǎ xìn fàng jìn xìnfēng lǐ, zài jì chūqù. Please put the letter into the envelope, then mail it. 桌上有几个空的信封。 Zhuō shàng yǒu jǐ gè kōng de xìnfēng. There are a few empty envelopes on the table. 他在信封上写了收件人的地址。 Tā zài xìnfēng...
进 (jìn) — to enter / to go in
进 (jìn) A directional verb meaning "to enter" or "to go into" a place. It describes movement from outside to inside. Its antonym is 出 (chū), meaning "to exit" or "to go out." Meanings [verb] To enter, to go in, to come in. Example Sentences 请进，门没有关。 Qǐng jìn, mén méiyǒu guān. Please come in, the door is not closed. 他走进了教室。 Tā zǒu jìn le jiàoshì. He walked into the classroom....
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) — how are you?
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) 你好吗 is a greeting phrase meaning "how are you?" or literally "are you well?" It is the standard question for asking about someone's current wellbeing. Meanings [phrase] How are you? Are you well? (Asking about someone's health or general state.) Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！你呢？ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! Nǐ ne? A: How are you? B: I am doing well,...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly; around
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 is an adverb meaning "approximately" or "about," used before numbers or time expressions to indicate that the value is an estimate, not a precise measurement. Meanings [adverb] approximately; about; roughly; around (placed before numbers, quantities, or time expressions to indicate an approximation) Usage Note 大约 is placed before the number or quantity it modifies. It can also appear before a verb to express a general estimate of...
十分 (shífēn) — very; extremely; fully; completely
十分 (shífēn) 十分 is an adverb used as an intensifier, meaning "very," "extremely," or "fully," placed before adjectives and some verbs to indicate a high degree. Meanings [adverb] very; extremely; fully; completely (used to intensify adjectives and verbs, indicating a high or full degree) Usage Note 十分 is placed directly before the adjective or verb it modifies. It is interchangeable with 非常 in most cases but often sounds more formal...
积极 (jījí) — positive / active
积极 (jījí) 积极 means positive or proactive. It describes an attitude of enthusiasm, initiative, and optimism rather than passivity or negativity. It is commonly used to praise attitude and behavior. Meanings [adjective] Positive; proactive; active; enthusiastic. [adjective] Optimistic; constructive (in attitude). Example Sentences 他对工作非常积极。 Tā duì gōngzuò fēicháng jījí. He is very proactive about his work. 我们要以积极的态度面对困难。 Wǒmen yào yǐ jījí de tàidu miànduì kùnnán. We should face difficulties with...
时代 (shídài) — era; age; times
时代 (shídài) 时代 describes a broad period of time defined by particular social, cultural, or technological characteristics, larger in scope than 时间 (shíjiān). Meanings [noun] era; age; period; times Example Sentences 我们生活在一个信息时代。 Wǒmen shēnghuó zài yīgè xìnxī shídài. We live in an information age. 那是一个非常重要的历史时代。 Nà shì yīgè fēicháng zhòngyào de lìshǐ shídài. That was a very important era in history. 时代变了，年轻人的想法也不一样了。 Shídài biàn le, niánqīngrén de xiǎngfǎ yě bù...
脸 (liǎn) — face
脸 (liǎn) 脸 means face, both literally (the front of the head) and figuratively (social face or dignity in the Chinese cultural sense). It is the most common word for face in everyday spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Face (the front of the head with eyes, nose, mouth). [noun] Face; dignity; social reputation (figurative). Example Sentences 她的脸红了。 Tā de liǎn hóng le. Her face turned red. 你脸上有一点儿东西。 Nǐ liǎn shang yǒu...
论点 (lùndiǎn) — argument, thesis
论点 (lùndiǎn) 论点 is the central claim or thesis put forward in an argument, essay, or debate. It is the position being defended or proved, as distinct from 论据 (the evidence supporting it) and 论证 (the process of argumentation). It is essential vocabulary for academic writing, debate, and critical analysis at C1 level. Meanings [n] argument, thesis, main point (in an essay or debate) [n] proposition, claim (a position advanced...
表扬 (biǎoyáng) — to praise
表扬 (biǎoyáng) 表扬 means to praise or commend someone for something positive they have done. Meanings [verb] to praise; to commend; to compliment [noun] praise; commendation Example Sentences 老师表扬了他的好表现。 Lǎoshī biǎoyáng le tā de hǎo biǎoxiàn. The teacher praised his good performance. 得到表扬会让孩子更有动力。 Dédào biǎoyáng huì ràng háizi gèng yǒu dònglì. Receiving praise will motivate children more. 他经常表扬努力工作的员工。 Tā jīngcháng biǎoyáng nǔlì gōngzuò de yuángōng. He often praises employees who...
朋友 (péngyou) — friend
朋友 (péngyou) 朋友 refers to a friend or companion, someone you have a close and friendly relationship with. Meanings [noun] friend; companion Example Sentences 他是我最好的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou. He is my best friend. 我和朋友一起去看电影。 Wǒ hé péngyou yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng. I went to see a movie with my friend. 交朋友对成长很重要。 Jiāo péngyou duì chéngzhǎng hěn zhòngyào. Making friends is very important for personal growth. 她在国外结交了很多新朋友。...
归纳 (guīnà) — to summarize, to generalize
归纳 (guīnà) 归纳 means to summarize or generalize, particularly by collecting specific instances and drawing general conclusions from them. It corresponds to the logical process of inductive reasoning — moving from particular facts to general principles. It is widely used in academic, scientific, and professional contexts when synthesizing information or drawing conclusions. Meanings [v] to summarize; to compile and organize [v] to generalize; to reason inductively from specific examples Example...
教材 (jiàocái) — teaching material, textbook
教材 (jiàocái) The printed, digital, or multimedia resources used in formal teaching -- broader than just textbooks and including all instructional content. Meanings [noun] teaching material, textbook, instructional resource Example Sentences 这套教材专为中级汉语学习者设计。 Zhè tào jiàocái zhuān wèi zhōngjí Hànyǔ xuéxízhě shèjì. This set of teaching materials is designed specifically for intermediate Chinese learners. 学校决定更新老化的数学教材以适应新课程标准。 Xuéxiào juédìng gēngxīn lǎohuà de shùxué jiàocái yǐ shìyìng xīn kèchéng biāozhǔn. The school decided to...
比喻 (bǐyù) — metaphor; to use a metaphor
比喻 (bǐyù) 比喻 is the umbrella term in Chinese for figurative comparison, covering both simile (明喻, míngyù) and metaphor (暗喻, ànyù). As a verb it means to describe or explain something by comparing it to something else; as a noun it refers to the comparison itself. It is a fundamental rhetorical device taught in Chinese language education and appears frequently in literary analysis and everyday speech. Meanings [n] metaphor; simile;...
点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) — Click-through rate, click rate
点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) 点击率 is a digital marketing and internet term referring to the ratio of users who click on a specific link, advertisement, or piece of content compared to the total number of users who view it. Meanings [noun] click-through rate (CTR); click rate; number of clicks (as a measure of popularity) Example Sentences 这篇文章的点击率在发布后几小时内就突破了一百万。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de diǎnjī lǜ zài fābù hòu jǐ xiǎoshí nèi jiù tūpòle...
研讨 (yántǎo) — to discuss; to deliberate
研讨 (yántǎo) 研讨 means to conduct research-based discussion or deliberation on a topic, and is most associated with formal academic, professional, or policy-making contexts like seminars and workshops. Meanings [verb] to research and discuss; to deliberate; to examine through seminar-style discourse [verb] to workshop; to collectively analyze and debate (a problem or topic) Example Sentences 各国代表聚集一堂，研讨气候变化的应对策略。 Gèguó dàibiǎo jùjí yītáng, yántǎo qìhòu biànhuà de yìngduì cèlüè. Representatives from various countries...
透明度 (tòumíngdù) — transparency; degree of transparency
透明度 (tòumíngdù) 透明度 refers to the degree of transparency, openness, or accountability, and is widely used in governance, finance, corporate management, and public discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] transparency; openness; accountability (institutional/social sense) [noun] degree of transparency (physical/optical sense) Example Sentences 提高政府的透明度是推进廉洁政治的重要措施。 Tígāo zhèngfǔ de tòumíngdù shì tuījìn liánjié zhèngzhì de zhòngyào cuòshī. Increasing government transparency is an important measure for promoting clean politics. 这家公司的财务透明度很高，所有财报都向公众公开。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de...
直播 (zhíbō) — live broadcast; to livestream
直播 (zhíbō) 直播 refers to broadcasting content in real time without pre-recording, a concept that has expanded dramatically with the rise of social media and e-commerce livestreaming in China. Meanings [verb] to broadcast live; to livestream [noun] live broadcast; livestream Example Sentences 这名主播每天晚上通过直播向粉丝展示新产品。 Zhè míng zhǔbō měitiān wǎnshang tōngguò zhíbō xiàng fěnsī zhǎnshì xīn chǎnpǐn. This streamer showcases new products to fans every evening through live broadcasts. 该体育赛事将在多个平台上进行全程直播。 Gāi tǐyù...
成本 (chéngběn) — cost; production cost
成本 (chéngběn) 成本 refers to the cost or expense required to produce, acquire, or achieve something, widely used in business, economics, and everyday contexts to describe financial expenditure. Meanings [noun] cost; production cost; expenses (what must be spent to produce or achieve something) Example Sentences 降低生产成本是企业保持竞争力的关键策略之一。 Jiàngdī shēngchǎn chéngběn shì qǐyè bǎochí jìngzhēnglì de guānjiàn cèlüè zhī yī. Reducing production costs is one of the key strategies for businesses to...
方法论 (fānfǎlùn) — methodology
方法论 (fāngfǎlùn) 方法论 refers to methodology -- the systematic study, framework, or set of principles governing the methods used in a particular discipline or field of inquiry. Meanings [noun] methodology (the study of or framework for methods) [noun] methodological approach (guiding principles behind how one works) Example Sentences 社会科学的研究方法论与自然科学存在显著差异。 Shèhuì kēxué de yánjiū fāngfǎlùn yǔ zìrán kēxué cúnzài xiǎnzhù chāyì. The research methodology of social sciences differs significantly from that...
汇报 (huìbào) — to report
汇报 (huìbào) 汇报 means to report work progress or findings to a superior, or the act of making such a report. Meanings [verb] to report; to give a report; to brief (a superior) [noun] a report; a briefing Example Sentences 他每周向经理汇报工作情况。 Tā měi zhōu xiàng jīnglǐ huìbào gōngzuò qíngkuàng. He reports his work progress to the manager every week. 请你明天汇报一下项目进展。 Qǐng nǐ míngtiān huìbào yīxià xiàngmù jìnzhǎn. Please give a...
探索 (tànsuǒ) — to explore; to probe
探索 (tànsuǒ) 探索 means to explore or probe into the unknown, involving active investigation and discovery, used for both physical exploration and intellectual inquiry. Meanings [verb] to explore; to investigate; to probe; to search for answers Example Sentences 科学家们一直在探索宇宙的奥秘。 Kēxuéjiāmen yīzhí zài tànsuǒ yǔzhòu de àomì. Scientists have been exploring the mysteries of the universe. 她喜欢探索不同的文化和生活方式。 Tā xǐhuān tànsuǒ bùtóng de wénhuà hé shēnghuó fāngshì. She enjoys exploring different cultures...
期间 (qījiān) — period; duration; during
期间 (qījiān) 期间 refers to a span of time or a period during which something takes place, often used after a noun to indicate "during X." Meanings [noun] period; duration; the time during which something happens Example Sentences 假期期间，很多人选择去旅游。 Jiàqī qījiān, hěn duō rén xuǎnzé qù lǚyóu. During the holiday period, many people choose to travel. 活动期间请保持安静。 Huódòng qījiān qǐng bǎochí ānjìng. Please keep quiet during the event. 工作期间不能使用手机。 Gōngzuò...
食谱 (shípǔ) — recipe
食谱 (shípǔ) 食谱 is a recipe — a written or verbal guide describing the ingredients and steps needed to prepare a particular food or dish. It is widely used in cooking culture and education. Meanings noun recipe (instructions for preparing a dish) Example Sentences 她从网上找到了一个好食谱。 Tā cóng wǎngshàng zhǎodào le yī gè hǎo shípǔ. She found a good recipe online. 这本食谱里有很多传统菜肴。 Zhè běn shípǔ lǐ yǒu hěn duō chuántǒng càiyáo....
承载 (chéngzài) — to carry, to bear
承载 (chéngzài) 承载 means to carry or bear a load — both physically (a bridge bearing weight) and metaphorically (a culture carrying history, a person bearing responsibility). The metaphorical use is particularly rich and common in Chinese literary and academic language, where objects, places, and institutions are said to 承载 historical memory, cultural meaning, or social expectations. Meanings [v] to carry; to bear (a physical load or weight) [v] to...
条件 (tiáojiàn) — condition; requirement; terms
条件 (tiáojiàn) 条件 refers to the requirements, prerequisites, or terms that must be met for something to happen or be accepted. Meanings [noun] Condition; requirement; terms (a prerequisite or stated stipulation). Example Sentences 申请这份工作需要满足一定的条件。 Shēnqǐng zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào mǎnzú yīdìng de tiáojiàn. Applying for this job requires meeting certain conditions. 在这样的条件下工作真的很辛苦。 Zài zhèyàng de tiáojiàn xià gōngzuò zhēn de hěn xīnkǔ. Working under such conditions is really hard. 他们提出了三个合作条件。...
经验 (jīngyàn) — experience
经验 (jīngyàn) 经验 refers to knowledge, skill, or insight gained through direct participation or practice over time. It emphasises practical, lived experience rather than theoretical knowledge. Meanings [noun] experience; practical knowledge; know-how gained through practice Example Sentences 这位老师有二十年的课堂教学经验，深受学生喜爱。 Zhè wèi lǎoshī yǒu èrshí nián de kètáng jiāoxué jīngyàn, shēn shòu xuéshēng xǐài. This teacher has twenty years of classroom teaching experience and is deeply loved by students. 失败也是一种宝贵的经验，能让我们从中学到教训。 Shībài yě...
自尊 (zìzūn) — self-esteem
自尊 (zìzūn) 自尊 refers to the degree to which a person values and respects themselves. It is a central concept in psychology and is linked to emotional health, confidence, and social behavior. Low 自尊 is often associated with anxiety and depression, while healthy 自尊 supports resilience and positive relationships. Meanings noun self-esteem, self-respect, sense of personal dignity Example Sentences 自尊心强的人更容易坚持自己的观点。 Zìzūnxīn qiáng de rén gèng róngyì jiānchí zìjǐ de guāndiǎn....
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 means therefore or as a result. It introduces the logical consequence of a stated cause, and is slightly more formal than 所以 (suǒyǐ). It can begin a sentence on its own. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; for this reason; consequently. Example Sentences 他非常努力，因此成绩很好。 Tā fēicháng nǔlì, yīncǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He worked very hard; therefore his grades are very good. 外面下雨了，因此我们取消了活动。 Wàimiàn xià yǔ le, yīncǐ...
分配 (fēnpèi) — Allocate / distribute / assign
分配 (fēnpèi) 分配 means to allocate, distribute, or assign something — such as tasks, resources, time, or roles — among people or categories. Meanings [verb] to allocate, distribute, assign, apportion [noun] allocation, distribution, assignment Example Sentences 老师把任务分配给每个学生。 Lǎoshī bǎ rènwù fēnpèi gěi měi gè xuésheng. The teacher assigned tasks to each student. 合理分配时间对学习非常重要。 Hélǐ fēnpèi shíjiān duì xuéxí fēicháng zhòngyào. Reasonably allocating time is very important for studying. 公司把资源分配到最重要的项目上。 Gōngsī...
理论 (lǐlùn) — theory
理论 (lǐlùn) 理论 refers to a systematic body of ideas or principles used to explain phenomena or guide practice, encompassing both scientific theory and general theoretical frameworks. Meanings [noun] theory, theoretical framework (organized explanatory principles) [adjective] theoretical (as in 理论上, in theory) Example Sentences 达尔文的进化理论从根本上改变了人类对生命起源的认识。 Dá'ěrwén de jìnhuà lǐlùn cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le rénlèi duì shēngmìng qǐyuán de rènshi. Darwin's theory of evolution fundamentally changed human understanding of the...
复习 (fùxí) — to review
复习 (fùxí) 复习 means to review or revise material that has already been studied. It is the standard word for exam revision and reinforcing previously learned content. Meanings [verb] To review; to revise; to go over again. Example Sentences 考试前你需要认真复习。 Kǎoshì qián nǐ xūyào rènzhēn fùxí. You need to review carefully before the exam. 我每天复习当天学的生词。 Wǒ měitiān fùxí dāngtiān xué de shēngcí. I review the new words I learned that...
公斤 (gōngjīn) — kilogram
公斤 (gōngjīn) 公斤 is the standard Chinese term for kilogram, the metric unit of mass. 公 indicates "metric/official" (from 公制, the metric system) and 斤 is the traditional Chinese unit of weight (approximately 500 grams). So 公斤 is literally "official jin," standardized to 1,000 grams. Meanings [measure word/noun] Kilogram (kg). Used to measure weight in the metric system. Example Sentences 这个西瓜有五公斤。 Zhège xīguā yǒu wǔ gōngjīn. This watermelon weighs five...
他们 (tāmen) — they, them
他们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun used for groups of males or mixed-gender groups; for all-female groups, 她们 is preferred in writing, though both are spoken identically as tāmen. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, masculine or mixed group). [pronoun] Them (object). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 他们的). Example Sentences 他们都是我的朋友。 Tāmen dōu shì wǒ de péngyou. They are all my friends. 我不认识他们。 Wǒ bú rènshi tāmen. I do not know them. 他们的学校在哪里？...
营养 (yíngyǎng) — nutrition, nourishment
营养 (yíngyǎng) 营养 refers to the nutrients a body needs and the concept of eating well for health. It is widely used in discussions about food, diet, and healthy living. Meanings [noun] nutrition; nourishment; the nutritional value of food Example Sentences 这道菜营养很丰富，对身体很好。 Zhè dào cài yíngyǎng hěn fēngfù, duì shēntǐ hěn hǎo. This dish is very nutritious and good for the body. 孩子在成长期需要充足的营养。 Háizi zài chéngzhǎng qī xūyào chōngzú de...
问责 (wènzé) — to hold accountable; accountability
问责 (wènzé) 问责 refers to the act of holding officials, organisations, or individuals accountable for their conduct or failures, and is a key term in Chinese governance, legal, and public administration discourse at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to hold accountable; to call to account; to demand accountability from [noun] accountability; the process of calling someone to account Example Sentences 政府宣布将对此次事故的相关责任人依法问责。 Zhèngfǔ xuānbù jiāng duì cǐ cì shìgù de xiāngguān zérèn...
恰当 (qiàdàng) — appropriate; suitable; proper
恰当 (qiàdàng) 恰当 means appropriate, fitting, or suitable, describing something that is exactly right or well-matched for a given context, situation, or purpose. Meanings [adjective] appropriate; suitable; proper; fitting (exactly right for the situation) Example Sentences 他用了一个非常恰当的比喻来解释这个复杂的科学概念，让大家一下子就明白了。 Tā yòngle yī gè fēicháng qiàdàng de bǐyù lái jiěshì zhège fùzá de kēxué gàiniàn, ràng dàjiā yīxiàzi jiù míngbáile. He used a very appropriate metaphor to explain this complex scientific concept, and...
原则 (yuánzé) — principle
原则 (yuánzé) 原则 refers to a fundamental principle, rule, or standard that guides one's behavior or decisions. Meanings [noun] principle; fundamental rule; standard Example Sentences 诚实是他做人的基本原则。 Chéngshí shì tā zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Honesty is his basic principle in life. 我们做事必须遵守一定的原则。 Wǒmen zuòshì bìxū zūnshǒu yīdìng de yuánzé. We must follow certain principles in what we do. 这个问题在原则上没有问题。 Zhège wèntí zài yuánzé shàng méiyǒu wèntí. In principle, there is no...
报纸 (bàozhǐ) — newspaper
报纸 (bàozhǐ) A noun meaning newspaper. It combines 报 (report, news) and 纸 (paper). While print newspapers are less common in the digital age, 报纸 remains an important vocabulary word for reading comprehension and understanding Chinese media culture. Meanings [noun] Newspaper, a printed news publication. Example Sentences 爷爷每天早上看报纸。 Yéye měitiān zǎoshang kàn bàozhǐ. Grandfather reads the newspaper every morning. 这份报纸是今天的。 Zhè fèn bàozhǐ shì jīntiān de. This newspaper is today's...
雨伞 (yǔsǎn) — umbrella
雨伞 (yǔsǎn) 雨伞 is the standard word for an umbrella used to protect against rain. 雨 means "rain" and 伞 means "umbrella / parasol." The measure word for an umbrella is 把 (bǎ), so one umbrella is 一把雨伞. A sunshade or parasol is 遮阳伞 (zhēyángsǎn). Meanings [noun] Umbrella; rain umbrella. Example Sentences 外面在下雨，别忘了带雨伞。 Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ, bié wàng le dài yǔsǎn. It is raining outside; don't forget to bring...
阐明 (chǎnmíng) — to clarify, to elucidate
阐明 (chǎnmíng) 阐明 means to clarify or elucidate, particularly to make an obscure or complex concept clear and understandable. It suggests bringing light to something that was previously unclear or misunderstood. The word is formal and is most commonly used in academic, political, and professional discourse when explaining principles, positions, or arguments. Meanings [v] to clarify; to elucidate; to make clear [v] to illuminate; to shed light on (a concept...
飞机 (fēijī) — airplane
飞机 (fēijī) An airplane or aircraft. 飞 means "to fly" and 机 means "machine," making 飞机 literally a "flying machine." Meanings [noun] Airplane, aircraft. A powered fixed-wing aircraft used for air travel. Example Sentences 我明天坐飞机去北京。 Wǒ míngtiān zuò fēijī qù Běijīng. I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 飞机几点起飞？ Fēijī jǐ diǎn qǐfēi? What time does the airplane take off? 坐飞机比坐火车快。 Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài. Taking the airplane is...
培训 (péixùn) — Train
培训 (péixùn) 培训 refers to organized training or instruction provided to develop skills or knowledge for a job or task. Meanings [verb] to train; to provide training for [noun] training; instruction program Example Sentences 公司每年都会培训新员工。 Gōngsī měi nián dōu huì péixùn xīn yuángōng. The company trains new employees every year. 她参加了一个为期两周的职业培训。 Tā cānjiāle yī gè wéiqī liǎng zhōu de zhíyè péixùn. She attended a two-week vocational training program. 这次培训对提高我们的工作效率很有帮助。 Zhè...
味道 (wèidào) — flavor, taste
味道 (wèidào) 味道 describes the flavor or taste of food and drink, and can also be used figuratively to describe the "feel" or impression of a situation or experience. Meanings noun flavor, taste (sensation perceived when eating or smelling food) Example Sentences 这道菜的味道真好！ Zhè dào cài de wèidào zhēn hǎo! This dish tastes really good! 她尝了一口，觉得味道有点咸。 Tā cháng le yī kǒu, juéde wèidào yǒudiǎn xián. She took a bite and...
但是 (dànshì) — but; however
但是 (dànshì) 但是 is a conjunction meaning "but" or "however." It introduces a contrasting idea that counters or qualifies what was just said. Meanings [conjunction] But; however; yet (expressing contrast or contradiction between two clauses). Example Sentences 这件衣服很漂亮，但是太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn piàoliang, dànshì tài guì le. This dress is very pretty, but it is too expensive. 他很聪明，但是不努力。 Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì bù nǔlì. He is very intelligent, but he...
找到 (zhǎo dào) — to find; to successfully locate
找到 (zhǎo dào) 找到 is a verb + result complement. 找 means "to look for / search" and 到 is the result complement indicating that the searching action reached its goal — you actually found it. Without 到, 找 is just the act of searching (outcome unknown). 找不到 means "can't find" and 没找到 means "searched but didn't find." Meanings [v+comp] Find; locate — the search was successful. [v+comp] Track down;...
多 (duō) — many / much / a lot
多 (duō) An adjective meaning "many," "much," or "a lot." It describes large quantities of countable and uncountable things. As an adverb, 多 can intensify adjectives in questions (多大, how big?). Its antonym is 少 (shǎo), meaning "few" or "a little." Meanings [adjective] Many, a lot, numerous (for countable things). [adjective] Much, a great deal of (for uncountable things). [adverb] How (used in questions: 多大, how big; 多长, how long)....
主要 (zhǔyào) — main / primary / major
主要 (zhǔyào) Describes something as the most important, primary, or dominant element in a group or situation. Meanings [adjective] Main, primary, major, principal. [adverb] Mainly, primarily, chiefly. Example Sentences 这本书的主要内容是什么？ Zhè běn shū de zhǔyào nèiróng shì shénme? What is the main content of this book? 她主要负责销售工作。 Tā zhǔyào fùzé xiāoshòu gōngzuò. She is mainly responsible for sales work. 这里的主要交通工具是自行车。 Zhèlǐ de zhǔyào jiāotōng gōngjù shì zìxíngchē. The main mode...
猫 (māo) — cat
猫 (māo) A cat. 猫 is the standard word for a domestic cat in Chinese. The pronunciation "māo" is thought to be onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a cat's meow. Meanings [noun] Cat. The common domestic feline animal kept as a pet. Example Sentences 我家有一只猫。 Wǒ jiā yǒu yī zhī māo. My family has a cat. 这只猫很可爱。 Zhè zhī māo hěn kě'ài. This cat is very cute. 猫喜欢吃鱼。 Māo xǐhuān...
记忆 (jìyì) — to memorize; memory
记忆 (jìyì) 记忆 means "memory" as a noun and "to memorize" or "to remember" as a verb, referring to the mental faculty of retaining and recalling information or past experiences. Meanings [noun] memory; recollection; remembrance [verb] to memorize; to commit to memory Example Sentences 那段童年的记忆至今难忘。 Nà duàn tóngnián de jìyì zhìjīn nánwàng. Those childhood memories are still unforgettable to this day. 她的记忆力非常好，什么都记得住。 Tā de jìyìlì fēicháng hǎo, shénme dōu jìde...
严峻 (yánjùn) — severe; grim; stern
严峻 (yánjùn) 严峻 describes situations, conditions, or expressions that are severe, grim, or daunting, often used when discussing challenging circumstances that require serious attention. Meanings [adjective] severe; grim; daunting (describing a difficult situation or challenge) [adjective] stern; grave (describing a serious expression or demeanor) Example Sentences 当前全球经济面临严峻挑战，各国政府纷纷采取应对措施。 Dāngqián quánqiú jīngjì miànlín yánjùn tiǎozhàn, gè guó zhèngfǔ fēnfēn cǎiqǔ yìngduì cuòshī. The global economy currently faces severe challenges, and governments around...
信任 (xìnrèn) — to trust; trust; confidence
信任 (xìnrèn) 信任 means to have confidence in someone's reliability, honesty, or ability, and can describe both the act of trusting and the relationship of trust itself. Meanings [verb] To trust, to have confidence in, to rely on (someone's character or ability). [noun] Trust, confidence, faith (in a person or institution). Example Sentences 多年的合作让双方建立了深厚的互信关系，信任是这段伙伴关系的基石。 Duō nián de hézuò ràng shuāngfāng jiànlì le shēnhòu de hùxìn guānxi, xìnrèn shì zhè duàn...
分 (fēn) — minute / point / fraction
分 (fēn) A versatile word: a unit of time equal to one minute, a scoring unit (point), or a fraction of one-tenth of a basic unit. Meanings [noun / measure word] Minute (unit of time, 1/60 of an hour). [noun] Point, score (in an exam or competition). [noun] Fraction, one-tenth unit (of yuan, etc.). Example Sentences 现在是三点四十五分。 Xiànzài shì sān diǎn sìshíwǔ fēn. It is now 3:45 (three forty-five). 他考试得了九十五分。...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economic
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 is the primary Chinese word for economy and economics. As an adjective it can also mean economical or cost-effective. It is one of the most frequent words in modern Chinese media and public discourse. Meanings [noun] economy; economics; economic activity [adjective] economical; affordable; cost-effective Example Sentences 全球经济在新冠疫情后经历了一段艰难的复苏期。 Quánqiú jīngjì zài xīnguān yìqíng hòu jīnglìle yī duàn jiānnán de fùsū qī. The global economy went through a difficult...
同事 (tóngshì) — Colleague
同事 (tóngshì) 同事 refers to a person who works at the same organization or company as you. Meanings [noun] colleague; coworker; workmate Example Sentences 我的同事们都非常友好。 Wǒ de tóngshìmen dōu fēicháng yǒuhǎo. My colleagues are all very friendly. 她和同事一起完成了这个项目。 Tā hé tóngshì yīqǐ wánchéngle zhège xiàngmù. She completed this project together with her colleagues. 我跟我的同事关系很好，经常一起吃午饭。 Wǒ gēn wǒ de tóngshì guānxi hěn hǎo, jīngcháng yīqǐ chī wǔfàn. I have a good...
交通 (jiāotōng) — traffic; transportation
交通 (jiāotōng) 交通 refers both to the flow of traffic on roads and to a city's broader transportation system or infrastructure. Meanings [noun] traffic; transportation — the movement of vehicles on roads, or the system of public transport in an area Example Sentences 这里的交通很方便。 Zhèlǐ de jiāotōng hěn fāngbiàn. The transportation here is very convenient. 早高峰时交通非常拥挤。 Zǎo gāofēng shí jiāotōng fēicháng yōngjǐ. Traffic is very congested during the morning rush...
来源 (láiyuán) — source, origin
来源 (láiyuán) The origin or source from which something comes -- whether information, funds, goods, or ideas. Meanings [noun] source, origin, provenance [verb] to originate from, to come from Example Sentences 记者有义务核实新闻信息的来源。 Jìzhě yǒu yìwù héshí xīnwén xìnxī de láiyuán. Journalists have an obligation to verify the sources of news information. 这笔资金的来源目前尚不明确。 Zhè bǐ zījīn de láiyuán mùqián shàng bù míngquè. The source of these funds is currently unclear. 这个词语来源于古代汉语，有着悠久的历史。...
合理 (hélǐ) — reasonable; rational; justified
合理 (hélǐ) 合理 describes something that conforms to reason, logic, fairness, or established principles. It is used to evaluate whether a decision, plan, price, request, or arrangement makes sense and can be justified. Meanings [adjective] Reasonable; rational; sensible; justified; fair. Example Sentences 这个价格是合理的，符合市场行情。 Zhège jiàgé shì hélǐ de, fúhé shìchǎng hángqíng. This price is reasonable and consistent with market rates. 他的要求非常合理，公司应该予以考虑。 Tā de yāoqiú fēicháng hélǐ, gōngsī yīnggāi yǔyǐ kǎolǜ....
变化 (biànhuà) — Change
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to any change or transformation in state, condition, or situation. Meanings [noun] change; transformation; variation [verb] to change; to vary; to transform Example Sentences 这座城市十年间发生了巨大变化。 Zhè zuò chéngshì shí nián jiān fāshēngle jùdà biànhuà. This city has undergone enormous changes over ten years. 天气变化很快，出门要带伞。 Tiānqì biànhuà hěn kuài, chūmén yào dài sǎn. The weather changes quickly; bring an umbrella when you go out. 科技的发展给生活带来了很多变化。 Kējì de...
适合 (shìhé) — to suit; suitable; appropriate
适合 (shìhé) 适合 describes the quality of fitting or being suited to a particular person, purpose, or situation, implying a good match between two things. Meanings [verb] to suit; to be appropriate for; to fit well [adjective] suitable; appropriate; fitting Example Sentences 这件衣服很适合你。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn shìhé nǐ. This piece of clothing suits you very well. 这个工作适合喜欢和人交流的人。 Zhège gōngzuò shìhé xǐhuan hé rén jiāoliú de rén. This job is...
弟弟 (dìdi) — younger brother
弟弟 (dìdi) 弟弟 means younger brother. It refers specifically to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger brother, little brother. Example Sentences 我弟弟今年八岁。 Wǒ dìdi jīnnián bā suì. My younger brother is eight years old this year. 弟弟喜欢玩游戏。 Dìdi xǐhuān wán yóuxì. My younger brother likes to play games. 你有弟弟吗？ Nǐ yǒu dìdi ma? Do you have a younger brother? 我要照顾好我的弟弟。 Wǒ yào zhàogù hǎo...
完善 (wánshàn) — to improve; perfect; well-rounded
完善 (wánshàn) To perfect or improve something means to make it more complete, thorough, and free of flaws, often referring to systems, policies, or mechanisms. Meanings [verb] to improve; to perfect; to refine; to make more complete [adjective] perfect; well-rounded; comprehensive; fully developed Example Sentences 政府致力于完善社会保障体系。 Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú wánshàn shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì. The government is committed to improving the social security system. 公司需要不断完善内部管理制度。 Gōngsī xūyào bùduàn wánshàn nèibù guǎnlǐ...
旅游 (lǚyóu) — to travel; tourism
旅游 (lǚyóu) 旅游 means to travel for pleasure or sightseeing, and also refers to tourism as an activity or industry. Meanings [verb] to travel; to go on a trip; to tour [noun] tourism; travel; a trip Example Sentences 我很喜欢旅游，每年都会去一个新地方。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuān lǚyóu, měi nián dōu huì qù yī gè xīn dìfāng. I love traveling and go to a new place every year. 他们去云南旅游了两个星期。 Tāmen qù Yúnnán lǚyóu le liǎng...
地方 (dìfang) — place
地方 (dìfang) A noun meaning place, location, or area in an abstract or general sense. It is used to refer to a spot, region, or area without naming a specific place. Do not confuse it with specific named locations such as 北京 or 图书馆. 地方 answers the question "where" in a general sense, not with a proper name. Meanings [noun] Place, location, spot (general or abstract). [noun] Area, region, locality....
邀请 (yāoqǐng) — to invite / invitation
邀请 (yāoqǐng) 邀请 means to invite someone to attend an event or activity, or refers to the invitation itself. Meanings [verb] to invite; to request someone's presence [noun] invitation Example Sentences 她邀请我去她的生日派对。 Tā yāoqǐng wǒ qù tā de shēngrì pàiduì. She invited me to her birthday party. 我收到了一封婚礼邀请函。 Wǒ shōudào le yī fēng hūnlǐ yāoqǐng hán. I received a wedding invitation letter. 感谢您的邀请，我很乐意参加。 Gǎnxiè nín de yāoqǐng, wǒ hěn lèyì...
成为 (chéngwéi) — to become; to turn into
成为 (chéngwéi) 成为 means to become or to turn into, describing a transformation from one state, role, or identity to another. Meanings [verb] to become; to turn into (used when a subject transitions into a new identity, role, or state) Example Sentences 她努力学习，终于成为了一名医生。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, zhōngyú chéngwéile yī míng yīshēng. She studied hard and finally became a doctor. 这座小镇成为了著名的旅游城市。 Zhè zuò xiǎozhèn chéngwéile zhùmíng de lǚyóu chéngshì. This small...
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) — to emerge in large numbers
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) 涌现 means to emerge or spring up in large numbers or all at once, like a surge of water, and is used to describe the sudden, abundant appearance of people, things, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to emerge in large numbers; to spring up; to come forth in abundance [verb] to surge forth; to appear suddenly and prolifically Example Sentences 改革开放以来，大量优秀的企业家如雨后春笋般涌现。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, dàliàng yōuxiù de qǐyèjiā rú...
星期 (xīngqī) — week; day of the week
星期 (xīngqī) The word for "week" and the base for all weekday names; add a number 1–6 for Monday through Saturday, and add 日 or 天 for Sunday: 星期一 (Monday), 星期二 (Tuesday), ..., 星期六 (Saturday), 星期日/星期天 (Sunday). Meanings [noun] Week (a period of seven days). [noun] Day of the week (when followed by a number or 日/天). Example Sentences 今天星期几？ Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ? What day of the week is today?...
体系 (tǐxì) — system, framework, structure
体系 (tǐxì) 体系 refers to an organized, interconnected system or framework in which all parts work together coherently, and is used for both abstract conceptual systems and concrete organizational structures. Meanings [noun] system, framework, organized structure (of interconnected elements) [noun] a coherent body (of knowledge, rules, institutions) Example Sentences 中国正在积极参与全球治理体系的改革与完善。 Zhōngguó zhèngzài jījí cānyù quánqiú zhìlǐ tǐxì de gǎigé yǔ wánshàn. China is actively participating in the reform and improvement...
立场 (lìchǎng) — standpoint; position
立场 (lìchǎng) 立场 refers to a person's or organization's fundamental viewpoint or position on an issue, especially in political, diplomatic, or ideological debates. Meanings [noun] standpoint; position; stance; point of view Example Sentences 政府在这一问题上的立场十分明确，不会做出妥协。 Zhèngfǔ zài zhè yī wèntí shàng de lìchǎng shífēn míngquè, bù huì zuò chū tuǒxié. The government's position on this issue is very clear and will not compromise. 双方在谈判中坚守各自的立场，导致协议迟迟未能达成。 Shuāngfāng zài tánpàn zhōng jiānshǒu gèzì de...
灭绝 (mièjué) — Extinction, to exterminate
灭绝 (mièjué) 灭绝 refers to the complete dying out or elimination of a species, language, or group -- the point of no return where something ceases to exist entirely. Meanings [verb] to become extinct; to exterminate completely; to wipe out [noun] extinction; extermination Example Sentences 恐龙在大约六千五百万年前灭绝了。 Kǒnglóng zài dàyuē liù qiān wǔ bǎi wàn nián qián mièjué le. Dinosaurs went extinct approximately 65 million years ago. 人类的过度猎杀导致了许多动物物种的灭绝。 Rénlèi de guòdù...
活动 (huódòng) — activity; event; campaign
活动 (huódòng) 活动 can mean an activity, event, or campaign as a noun, or to move about and be active as a verb. Meanings [noun] activity; event; campaign; an organized or social happening [verb] to move; to exercise; to be active Example Sentences 学校组织了很多课外活动。 Xuéxiào zǔzhī le hěn duō kèwài huódòng. The school organized many extracurricular activities. 这次促销活动吸引了大量顾客。 Zhè cì cùxiāo huódòng xīyǐn le dàliàng gùkè. This promotional campaign attracted...
秩序 (zhìxù) — order
秩序 (zhìxù) 秩序 refers to order — the organized, regulated, and stable state of affairs in society, institutions, or nature. It can describe social order, world order, legal order, or the order of a meeting. It contrasts with chaos (混乱) and is a central concept in political philosophy, governance, and social theory. Meanings [n] order (a stable, organized state of society or affairs) [n] order, procedure (the proper arrangement or...
质疑 (zhìyí) — to question; to challenge
质疑 (zhìyí) 质疑 means to question or challenge the truth, validity, or authority of something, implying a critical skepticism that goes beyond simple curiosity. Meanings [verb] to question; to challenge; to express doubt about [noun] a challenge; a critical question; skepticism Example Sentences 研究人员对该实验的方法论提出了质疑。 Yánjiū rényuán duì gāi shíyàn de fānglùn lùn tíchūle zhìyí. Researchers raised questions about the methodology of the experiment. 公众对政府的处理方式表示质疑。 Gōngzhòng duì zhèngfǔ de chǔlǐ fāngshì...
周期 (zhōuqī) — cycle; period
周期 (zhōuqī) 周期 refers to a cycle or period, a sequence of events that repeats regularly or a defined span of time for a process. Meanings [noun] a cycle, recurring period, or time span in a process Example Sentences 经济发展有其固定的周期。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn yǒu qí gùdìng de zhōuqī. Economic development has its own fixed cycles. 这个项目的完成周期大约是六个月。 Zhège xiàngmù de wánchéng zhōuqī dàyuē shì liù gè yuè. The completion period for this...
文化 (wénhuà) — culture, cultural
文化 (wénhuà) One of the most expansive words in Chinese -- covering shared beliefs, traditions, and arts of a civilization, as well as an individual's level of education or literacy. Meanings [noun] culture, civilization [noun] education, literacy (when describing an individual's level of learning) Example Sentences 了解一个国家的文化有助于更好地与当地人沟通。 Liǎojiě yī gè guójiā de wénhuà yǒuzhù yú gèng hǎo de yǔ dāngedì rén gōutōng. Understanding a country's culture helps communicate better with...
哪里 (nǎlǐ) — where
哪里 (nǎlǐ) The standard written form and southern-preferred spoken form of "where," fully interchangeable with 哪儿 (nǎr) in meaning; 哪里 is more common in formal writing, the south, and Taiwan Mandarin. Meanings [pronoun] Where (asking about location or destination). [pronoun] Wherever (open or conditional sense). [phrase] "Not at all / you're too kind" (set phrase in response to a compliment). Example Sentences 你想去哪里？ Nǐ xiǎng qù nǎlǐ? Where do you...
执行 (zhíxíng) — to execute; to implement; to carry out
执行 (zhíxíng) 执行 means to carry out, implement, or execute a plan, order, decision, task, or policy, emphasizing the action of putting something into practice. Meanings [verb] to execute; to carry out; to implement; to enforce (a plan, order, task, or decision) Example Sentences 这项新政策已经通过审批，相关部门将从下个月起正式开始执行。 Zhè xiàng xīn zhèngcè yǐjīng tōngguò shěnpī, xiāngguān bùmén jiāng cóng xià gè yuè qǐ zhèngshì kāishǐ zhíxíng. This new policy has been approved, and...
自学 (zìxué) — self-study; to teach oneself
自学 (zìxué) 自学 means to study or learn independently without a teacher or formal instruction. It emphasises self-discipline, initiative, and the ability to acquire knowledge through one's own effort. Meanings [verb] to teach oneself; to study independently; to self-study [noun] self-study; independent learning Example Sentences 他没有接受过正规的音乐教育，完全靠自学成为了一名专业的吉他手。 Tā méiyǒu jiēshòuguò zhèngguī de yīnyuè jiàoyù, wánquán kào zìxué chéngwéile yī míng zhuānyè de jítā shǒu. He received no formal music education and...
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) — structural engineering
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) 结构工程 is the branch of civil engineering focused on the analysis, design, and construction of load-bearing structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, and tunnels. Structural engineers ensure that these structures can safely withstand applied forces including gravity, wind, seismic activity, and dynamic loads. Meanings [noun] structural engineering; the engineering discipline concerned with designing structures that safely bear and transfer loads Example Sentences 结构工程师在设计高层建筑时必须充分考虑地震荷载。 Jiégòu gōngchéngshī zài shèjì...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute; lovely
可爱 (kě'ài) 可爱 describes something or someone that is cute, adorable, or charming in an endearing way. Meanings [adj] cute; adorable; lovely; charming Example Sentences 这只小狗真可爱！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu zhēn kě'ài! This little dog is so cute! 她的女儿长得很可爱，人人都喜欢她。 Tā de nǚ'ér zhǎng de hěn kě'ài, rén rén dōu xǐhuān tā. Her daughter is very cute and everyone likes her. 你画的小熊猫看起来很可爱。 Nǐ huà de xiǎo xióngmāo kàn qǐlái hěn kě'ài. The...
印象 (yìnxiàng) — impression
印象 (yìnxiàng) 印象 refers to the impression or mental image left by a person, event, or experience. It is commonly used in phrases about good or bad impressions. Meanings [noun] Impression; the image or feeling left in one's mind. Example Sentences 她给我留下了很好的印象。 Tā gěi wǒ liúxia le hěn hǎo de yìnxiàng. She left a very good impression on me. 我对这个城市的印象很深。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì de yìnxiàng hěn shēn. I have...
打折 (dǎzhé) — to give a discount
打折 (dǎzhé) 打折 means to give a discount or sell at a reduced price. 折 refers to a fraction of the original price, so 八折 means 80% of the price, which is a 20% discount. It is commonly used in shopping contexts. Meanings [verb] To give a discount; to sell at a reduced price. [verb] To fall short of a standard (figurative, less common). Example Sentences 这家店今天所有商品打八折。 Zhè jiā diàn...
依赖 (yīlài) — to rely on; to depend on; dependence
依赖 (yīlài) 依赖 describes a state of needing someone or something for support, functioning, or well-being, and can imply either healthy reliance or unhealthy dependence. Meanings [verb] To rely on, to depend on, to be dependent on. [noun] Dependence, reliance. Example Sentences 过度依赖智能手机导致许多人失去了独立思考和解决问题的能力。 Guòdù yīlài zhìnéng shǒujī dǎozhì xǔduō rén shīqù le dúlì sīkǎo hé jiějué wèntí de nénglì. Excessive dependence on smartphones has caused many people to lose their...
健康 (jiànkāng) — health; healthy
健康 (jiànkāng) 健康 refers to a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and as an adjective it describes something or someone that is in good health or functions properly and positively. Meanings [noun] health; good health (the state of being physically and mentally well) [adjective] healthy; sound; well (in good health; functioning positively and properly) Example Sentences 世界卫生组织将健康定义为身体、心理和社会方面的完好状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病。 Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī jiāng jiànkāng dìngyì wéi shēntǐ, xīnlǐ hé shèhuì...
积极 (jījí) — positive; active; proactive; enthusiastic
积极 (jījí) 积极 describes a positive, proactive, and energetic attitude or approach. It implies initiative and constructive engagement rather than passivity. It is frequently used to encourage people to take an active role and maintain a positive mindset. Meanings [adjective] Positive; active; proactive; enthusiastic; constructive. Example Sentences 她对工作始终保持积极的态度，深受同事和领导的喜爱。 Tā duì gōngzuò shǐzhōng bǎochí jījí de tàidù, shēn shòu tóngshì hé lǐngdǎo de xǐài. She always maintains a positive attitude toward...
剖析 (pōuxī) — to dissect, to analyze thoroughly
剖析 (pōuxī) 剖析 means to dissect and analyze thoroughly, going beneath the surface to reveal inner structure, causes, or mechanisms. Like a surgeon dissecting a body, 剖析 implies breaking something apart to understand how it works from the inside. It is used for analyzing complex phenomena, social problems, psychological states, or literary works. Meanings [v] to dissect; to analyze thoroughly; to lay bare the inner workings of [v] to examine...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 introduces an approximate number or time, signaling that the figure given is an estimate, not an exact amount. Meanings [adverb] Approximately; about; roughly (indicates an estimate, not an exact figure). Example Sentences 从这里到车站大约需要二十分钟。 Cóng zhèlǐ dào chēzhàn dàyuē xūyào èrshí fēnzhōng. It takes approximately twenty minutes from here to the station. 这本书大约有三百页。 Zhè běn shū dàyuē yǒu sānbǎi yè. This book has about three hundred pages. 他大约下午五点到家。...
基础 (jīchǔ) — foundation; basis; groundwork
基础 (jīchǔ) 基础 refers to the foundational knowledge, skills, or physical structure upon which something more advanced is built. Meanings [noun] Foundation; basis; groundwork; base; fundamentals. Example Sentences 学好数学需要打好基础。 Xué hǎo shùxué xūyào dǎ hǎo jīchǔ. Learning mathematics well requires building a solid foundation. 这栋楼的基础非常牢固。 Zhè dòng lóu de jīchǔ fēicháng láogù. The foundation of this building is very solid. 没有良好的语言基础很难阅读专业文章。 Méiyǒu liánghǎo de yǔyán jīchǔ hěn nán yuèdú zhuānyè...
否定 (fǒudìng) — to negate; negation
否定 (fǒudìng) 否定 means to deny, negate, or refute something, and also functions as an adjective meaning "negative" (as opposed to affirmative). It is a key term in logic, debate, and critical discussion. Meanings [verb] to negate; to deny; to refute; to reject [adjective] negative (in logic or grammar); denying Example Sentences 他的观点遭到了与会者的否定。 Tā de guāndiǎn zāodàole yùhuì zhě de fǒudìng. His viewpoint was rejected by the participants at the...
陶醉 (táozuì) — to be intoxicated by; to revel in; enchanted
陶醉 (táozuì) 陶醉 describes the state of being completely absorbed, captivated, or intoxicated by something beautiful or deeply pleasurable, such as music, nature, success, or art, conveying a sense of blissful immersion. Meanings [verb] to be intoxicated by; to revel in; to be enraptured by; to be lost in Example Sentences 她完全陶醉在这首曲子的优美旋律之中，忘却了周围的一切。 Tā wánquán táozuì zài zhè shǒu qǔzi de yōuměi xuánlǜ zhīzhōng, wàngquèle zhōuwéi de yīqiè. She was completely...
各种 (gèzhǒng) — all kinds of; various types of
各种 (gèzhǒng) 各种 is used before a noun to indicate that many different kinds or types of something are involved. Meanings [adjective] all kinds of; various types of — used to indicate diverse or multiple categories of something Example Sentences 超市里有各种水果。 Chāoshì lǐ yǒu gèzhǒng shuǐguǒ. The supermarket has all kinds of fruit. 他有各种各样的爱好。 Tā yǒu gèzhǒng gèyàng de àihào. He has all sorts of hobbies. 我们遇到了各种困难。 Wǒmen yùdào le...
行业 (hángyè) — industry; sector; trade
行业 (hángyè) 行业 refers to a specific sector, trade, or field of economic activity. Meanings [noun] Industry; sector; trade; line of work. Example Sentences 互联网行业发展得非常快。 Hùliánwǎng hángyè fāzhǎn de fēicháng kuài. The internet industry is developing very rapidly. 他在金融行业工作了很多年。 Tā zài jīnróng hángyè gōngzuòle hěn duō nián. He has worked in the financial industry for many years. 进入这个行业需要专业的技术。 Jìnrù zhège hángyè xūyào zhuānyè de jìshù. Entering this industry requires professional...
红 (hóng) — red
红 (hóng) 红 means red. In Chinese culture red symbolizes good luck, happiness, and celebration. It appears frequently in words related to festivals, envelopes, and traffic lights. Meanings [adjective] Red (the color). [adjective] Popular, successful (informal, as in 走红 "to become famous"). Example Sentences 她穿了一件红裙子。 Tā chuān le yī jiàn hóng qúnzi. She wore a red dress. 红灯停，绿灯行。 Hóng dēng tíng, lǜ dēng xíng. Stop on red, go on green....
优势 (yōushì) — advantage; strength; edge
优势 (yōushì) 优势 refers to a quality, condition, or position that gives someone or something a superior edge over others. Meanings [noun] Advantage; strength; edge; upper hand; superiority. Example Sentences 这个产品的主要优势是价格低。 Zhège chǎnpǐn de zhǔyào yōushì shì jiàgé dī. The main advantage of this product is its low price. 他的语言优势帮助他找到了好工作。 Tā de yǔyán yōushì bāngzhù tā zhǎodào le hǎo gōngzuò. His language advantage helped him find a good job. 这家公司在技术方面具有很大优势。...
有限 (yǒuxiàn) — limited, finite
有限 (yǒuxiàn) Describes something that is bounded or restricted -- not infinite or unlimited -- whether in quantity, time, ability, or scope. Meanings [adjective] limited, finite, restricted Example Sentences 由于资金有限，项目只能缩小规模进行。 Yóuyú zījīn yǒuxiàn, xiàngmù zhǐ néng suōxiǎo guīmó jìnxíng. Due to limited funding, the project can only proceed on a reduced scale. 时间有限，请尽量简短地表达您的观点。 Shíjiān yǒuxiàn, qǐng jǐnliàng jiǎnduǎn de biǎodá nín de guāndiǎn. Time is limited, so please express your...
药 (yào) — medicine
药 (yào) 药 means medicine or medication. It refers to any substance taken to treat illness or pain, including both Western pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese remedies. Meanings [noun] Medicine; medication; drug; remedy. Example Sentences 医生给我开了一些药。 Yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le yīxiē yào. The doctor prescribed some medicine for me. 你吃药了吗？ Nǐ chī yào le ma? Did you take your medicine? 这种药要饭后服用。 Zhè zhǒng yào yào fàn hòu fúyòng. This medicine...
银行 (yínháng) — bank
银行 (yínháng) 银行 is the standard word for a bank — the financial institution where you deposit money, make transfers, take out loans, and exchange currency. 银 means "silver" (a historical reference to silver as currency) and 行 means "business establishment / trade." Together they evoke a silver-dealing establishment. Meanings [noun] Bank; financial institution. Example Sentences 我要去银行取一些钱。 Wǒ yào qù yínháng qǔ yīxiē qián. I need to go to the...
测试 (cèshì) — Test, to test
测试 (cèshì) 测试 refers to the process of examining, evaluating, or checking the performance, quality, or correctness of something -- commonly used in technical, academic, and product development contexts. Meanings [verb] to test; to examine; to evaluate; to trial [noun] test; trial; examination; assessment Example Sentences 软件发布前必须经过严格的测试。 Ruǎnjiàn fābù qián bìxū jīngguò yángé de cèshì. Software must undergo rigorous testing before release. 这款新产品正处于测试阶段，尚未正式上市。 Zhè kuǎn xīn chǎnpǐn zhèng chǔyú cèshì...
论据 (lùnjù) — evidence, grounds
论据 (lùnjù) 论据 refers to the evidence, grounds, or supporting material used to prove or substantiate a 论点 (argument/thesis). It encompasses factual evidence, statistics, examples, expert opinion, and logical reasoning. In formal Chinese argumentation, strong 论据 is considered as important as the 论点 itself. Meanings [n] evidence, grounds (material used to support an argument) [n] basis, justification (the factual or logical foundation of a claim) Example Sentences 一篇优秀的议论文不仅需要鲜明的论点，更需要翔实的论据。 Yī piān...
到处 (dàochù) — everywhere
到处 (dàochù) 到处 means everywhere or all over — no place is excluded. It emphasizes the exhaustive range of a search or the wide distribution of something. Meanings [adverb] Everywhere; all over; in every place. Example Sentences 我到处找，都找不到钥匙。 Wǒ dàochù zhǎo, dōu zhǎo bu dào yàoshi. I looked everywhere but couldn't find the key. 节日期间，到处都是人。 Jiérì qījiān, dàochù dōu shì rén. During the holiday, there are people everywhere. 他去过很多国家，到处旅行。 Tā...
感觉 (gǎnjué) — to feel; feeling
感觉 (gǎnjué) 感觉 refers to a sensation, feeling, or perception, and can be used as a verb meaning to feel or sense something. Meanings [verb] to feel; to sense; to perceive [noun] feeling; sensation; sense; impression Example Sentences 我感觉有点儿累。 Wǒ gǎnjué yǒudiǎnr lèi. I feel a little tired. 这首歌给我一种很温暖的感觉。 Zhè shǒu gē gěi wǒ yī zhǒng hěn wēnnuǎn de gǎnjué. This song gives me a very warm feeling. 你感觉这道菜味道怎么样？ Nǐ...
短 (duǎn) — short (in length)
短 (duǎn) An adjective meaning "short" in length or duration. It is used for physical dimensions (a short rope) and time (a short period). Its antonym is 长 (cháng), meaning "long." Do not confuse with 矮 (ǎi), which means short in height (of a person). Meanings [adjective] Short (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条裙子太短了。 Zhè tiáo qúnzi tài duǎn le. This skirt is too short. 他的头发很短。 Tā...
控制 (kòngzhì) — to control; to manage; control
控制 (kòngzhì) 控制 means to regulate, restrain, or keep something within desired limits, whether physical, emotional, or systemic. Meanings [verb] To control, to manage, to regulate, to restrain. [noun] Control, management, regulation. Example Sentences 政府采取了一系列措施来控制物价上涨的速度。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le yī xìliè cuòshī lái kòngzhì wùjià shàngzhǎng de sùdù. The government took a series of measures to control the pace of price increases. 在压力极大的情况下，他依然能够控制自己的情绪，冷静应对。 Zài yālì jí dà de qíngkuàng xià, tā...
乃至 (nǎizhì) — even, and even
乃至 (nǎizhì) 乃至 is a formal conjunction used to extend a range or progression to include a further, often extreme or unexpected, element. It is equivalent to "and even," "or even," or "up to and including" in English. It signals that the scope is wider than what has already been mentioned, often building to a climax. Meanings [conj] and even, or even (extending a range to include something extreme) [conj]...
苹果 (píngguǒ) — apple
苹果 (píngguǒ) An apple, one of the most common fruits. 苹果 is also famous as the name of the tech company Apple in Chinese, so this word appears in everyday language and technology contexts alike. Meanings [noun] Apple. The round fruit with red, yellow, or green skin and crisp white flesh. [noun] Apple (the technology brand), in informal usage. Example Sentences 我想吃苹果。 Wǒ xiǎng chī píngguǒ. I want to eat...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). 季 means a season or quarter and 节 means a festival or juncture. Meanings [noun] Season (of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎge jìjié? Which season do you like most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jìjié. Autumn is my favorite season. 每个季节都有不同的水果。 Měi gè jìjié dōu...
思维 (sīwéi) — thinking; thought process
思维 (sīwéi) 思维 refers to the process or capacity of thinking -- how a person reasons, perceives, and forms ideas. It often describes a mode or style of thought. Meanings [noun] thinking; thought process; way of thinking Example Sentences 她有很强的逻辑思维。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de luójí sīwéi. She has strong logical thinking. 创新思维对工作很有帮助。 Chuàngxīn sīwéi duì gōngzuò hěn yǒu bāngzhù. Creative thinking is very helpful at work. 学习新语言可以改变思维方式。 Xuéxí xīn...
农村 (nóngcūn) — countryside / rural area
农村 (nóngcūn) The rural area or countryside, as opposed to the city (城市 chéngshì), where farming and agriculture are the main activities. Meanings [noun] Countryside, rural area, village area. [noun] The rural regions of a country (as a societal concept). Example Sentences 他出生在农村，后来搬到了城市。 Tā chūshēng zài nóngcūn, hòulái bāndào le chéngshì. He was born in the countryside and later moved to the city. 农村的空气比城市新鲜。 Nóngcūn de kōngqì bǐ chéngshì xīnxiān....
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) — On one hand… on the other hand
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) This is a paired grammar pattern used to present two sides, aspects, or reasons of a situation, similar to "on one hand… on the other hand" in English. Meanings [conjunction pattern] on one hand… on the other hand; used to balance or contrast two points Example Sentences 一方面，工作很有意思；另一方面，压力也很大。 Yī fāngmiàn, gōngzuò hěn yǒu yìsi; lìng yī fāngmiàn, yālì yě hěn dà. On one hand,...
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) — move in (toward speaker)
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) 搬进来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 搬 (to move / carry heavy objects) is the base verb; 进来 (come in / enter, toward the speaker) shows that something moves into an enclosed space in the direction of the speaker. Contrast with 搬进去 (move in, away from the speaker). Structure 搬 (move / carry) + 进来 (directional complement: enter toward speaker) = move something in...
公平 (gōngpíng) — fair, equitable
公平 (gōngpíng) 公平 refers to fairness and impartiality in treatment, opportunity, or judgment, where all parties are given equal consideration without bias. Meanings [adjective] fair, equitable, impartial [noun] fairness, equity Example Sentences 社会公平是构建和谐社会的重要基础。 Shèhuì gōngpíng shì gòujiàn héxié shèhuì de zhòngyào jīchǔ. Social equity is an important foundation for building a harmonious society. 比赛结果不公平，裁判明显偏向了一方。 Bǐsài jiéguǒ bù gōngpíng, cáipàn míngxiǎn piān xiàng le yī fāng. The competition result was unfair...
号召 (hàozhào) — to call on; to appeal to; call
号召 (hàozhào) 号召 describes the act of publicly calling on people to take action, often for a collective or social purpose. Meanings [verb] To call on, to appeal to, to rally, to mobilize. [noun] A call, an appeal, a rallying cry. Example Sentences 政府号召全体市民积极参与垃圾分类，共同保护环境。 Zhèngfǔ hàozhào quántǐ shìmín jījí cānyù lājī fēnlèi, gòngtóng bǎohù huánjìng. The government called on all citizens to actively participate in waste sorting and protect the...
能力 (nénglì) — ability
能力 (nénglì) 能力 means ability, capability, or capacity. It refers to the power or skill to do something, whether innate or developed through practice. Meanings [noun] Ability; capability; capacity; competence; skill. Example Sentences 他有很强的学习能力。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de xuéxí nénglì. He has very strong learning ability. 这份工作需要很高的能力。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn gāo de nénglì. This job requires a high level of ability. 她的语言能力非常突出。 Tā de yǔyán nénglì fēicháng...
利息 (lìxi) — interest (on money)
利息 (lìxi) 利息 refers to the money paid by a borrower to a lender for the use of borrowed funds, or the money earned by a depositor on savings placed in a bank. Meanings [noun] interest (financial), money earned or paid on a loan or deposit Example Sentences 这笔贷款的年利率为百分之五，每年需要支付的利息相当可观。 Zhè bǐ dàikuǎn de nián lìlǜ wèi bǎifēnzhī wǔ, měi nián xūyào zhīfù de lìxi xiāngdāng kěguān. The annual interest rate...
辨别 (biànbié) — to distinguish, to differentiate
辨别 (biànbié) 辨别 means to distinguish or differentiate between things, especially when they appear similar or when careful judgment is required. It implies an active cognitive process of discerning differences in quality, nature, or identity. It is used in both concrete contexts (distinguishing sounds or colors) and abstract ones (distinguishing right from wrong). Meanings [v] to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart [v] to discern; to identify through careful observation...
核实 (héshí) — to verify, to confirm
核实 (héshí) To investigate and confirm whether information, a claim, or a set of facts is accurate -- a critical step in journalism, law, science, and official procedures. Meanings [verb] to verify, to confirm, to authenticate, to check the facts Example Sentences 记者在发表报道前必须核实所有信息的真实性。 Jìzhě zài fābiǎo bàodào qián bìxū héshí suǒyǒu xìnxī de zhēnshí xìng. Journalists must verify the authenticity of all information before publishing a report. 警方正在核实目击者的证词是否与监控录像相符。 Jǐngfāng zhèngzài...
观众 (guānzhòng) — audience; spectators
观众 (guānzhòng) 观众 means "audience" or "spectators" and refers to people who watch a performance, broadcast, sports event, or other public show. Meanings [noun] audience; spectators; viewers Example Sentences 今天晚上的音乐会吸引了很多观众。 Jīntiān wǎnshang de yīnyuèhuì xīyǐn le hěn duō guānzhòng. Tonight's concert attracted a large audience. 观众们热烈鼓掌，表示欢迎。 Guānzhòngmen rèliè gǔzhǎng, biǎoshì huānyíng. The audience applauded warmly to show their welcome. 这个电视节目有几百万观众。 Zhège diànshì jiémù yǒu jǐ bǎi wàn guānzhòng. This TV...
作用 (zuòyòng) — Function / effect / role
作用 (zuòyòng) 作用 refers to the function, effect, or role that something has — what it does or how it influences something else. Meanings [noun] function, effect, role, action (what something does or contributes) Example Sentences 睡眠对健康有很重要的作用。 Shuìmián duì jiànkāng yǒu hěn zhòngyào de zuòyòng. Sleep plays a very important role in health. 这种药对感冒有很好的作用。 Zhè zhǒng yào duì gǎnmào yǒu hěn hǎo de zuòyòng. This medicine has a good effect...
进程 (jìnchéng) — progress; process; course
进程 (jìnchéng) 进程 means "progress," "process," or "course" and refers to the forward movement or development of an ongoing situation, often at a larger or more formal scale. Meanings [noun] progress; course; development; process (often large-scale) Example Sentences 历史的进程不可阻挡。 Lìshǐ de jìnchéng bùkě zǔdǎng. The course of history cannot be stopped. 改革的进程比预期的要慢。 Gǎigé de jìnchéng bǐ yùqī de yào màn. The progress of reform is slower than expected. 科技的进程加速了社会变化。 Kējì...
上升 (shàngshēng) — to rise, to increase, to ascend
上升 (shàngshēng) 上升 describes an upward movement or increase in quantity, level, or degree, functioning as the counterpart to 下降 and commonly used in statistical, scientific, and social discourse. Meanings [verb] to rise, to increase, to ascend, to go up (in level, quantity, or degree) [noun] rise, increase, ascent (in compound or nominal use) Example Sentences 近年来，全球平均气温持续上升，引发各国担忧。 Jìn nián lái, quánqiú píngjūn qìwēn chíxù shàngshēng, yǐnfā gè guó dānyōu. In...
供应链 (gōngyìngliàn) — supply chain
供应链 (gōngyìngliàn) 供应链 refers to the entire network of individuals, organizations, resources, activities, and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product, from raw material sourcing through to delivery to the end consumer. Meanings [noun] supply chain (the entire network of production and distribution from raw materials to end consumer) Example Sentences 新冠疫情严重扰乱了全球供应链，导致许多行业出现零部件短缺和交货延迟。 Xīnguān yìqíng yánzhòng rǎoluànle quánqiú gōngyìngliàn, dǎozhì xǔduō hángyè chūxiàn língbùjiàn duǎnquē hé jiāohuò yánchí....
是的 (shì de) — yes; that's right; indeed
是的 (shì de) 是的 means "yes," "that's right," or "indeed." It confirms or affirms that a stated fact is correct. Meanings [phrase] Yes; that's right; correct; indeed (factual affirmation). Example Sentences A: 你是老师吗？ B: 是的，我是老师。 A: Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma? B: Shì de, wǒ shì lǎoshī. A: Are you a teacher? B: Yes, I am a teacher. A: 他是你的朋友吗？ B: 是的。 A: Tā shì nǐ de péngyou ma? B: Shì...
相对 (xiāngduì) — relatively; relative; mutual
相对 (xiāngduì) 相对 indicates that something is relative rather than absolute, or that two things face or relate to each other, and is commonly used in academic and analytical discourse. Meanings [adverb] relatively; comparatively [adjective] relative; mutual; face-to-face Example Sentences 这个城市的生活成本相对较低，适合年轻人居住。 Zhège chéngshì de shēnghuó chéngběn xiāngduì jiào dī, shìhé niánqīngrén jūzhù. The cost of living in this city is relatively low, making it suitable for young people. 在这个问题上，双方的立场相对接近，分歧不大。 Zài...
价格 (jiàgé) — price / cost
价格 (jiàgé) Refers to the monetary amount asked or paid for a product or service. Meanings [noun] Price, cost, the value expressed in money. [noun] Rate, charge (for a service). Example Sentences 这件衣服的价格太高了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu de jiàgé tài gāo le. The price of this piece of clothing is too high. 请问，这个产品的价格是多少？ Qǐngwèn, zhège chǎnpǐn de jiàgé shì duōshǎo? Excuse me, what is the price of this product? 最近物价格上涨了很多。 Zuìjìn...
麻醉 (mázuì) — to anesthetize
麻醉 (mázuì) 麻醉 refers to the clinical process of inducing controlled, reversible loss of sensation (local/regional) or consciousness (general) in a patient to enable surgical or diagnostic procedures without pain. At the C2 level, the term encompasses the full spectrum of anesthetic modalities — general, regional, neuraxial, and monitored anesthesia care — and implies the complex pharmacological and physiological management undertaken by an anesthesiologist. Meanings verb to anesthetize; to induce...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to one of the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). It is used to talk about weather, nature cycles, and activities that belong to a particular time of year. Meanings [noun] Season (one of the four seasons of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎ gè jìjié? Which season do you like the most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì...
急迫 (jípò) — urgent; pressing; hurried
急迫 (jípò) 急迫 describes a situation or manner that is urgent and pressing, requiring immediate attention or action, often carrying a sense of anxiety or impatience alongside the urgency. Meanings [adjective] urgent; pressing; critical (of a situation demanding immediate action) [adjective] hurried; anxious; impatient (of a person's manner or emotion) Example Sentences 灾区的救援工作形势十分急迫，政府已紧急调拨物资支援当地民众。 Zāiqū de jiùyuán gōngzuò xíngshì shífēn jípò, zhèngfǔ yǐ jǐnjí diàobō wùzī zhīyuán dāngdì mínzhòng. The rescue...
必须 (bìxū) — must
必须 (bìxū) 必须 expresses a strong obligation or necessity. It means "must" or "have to," and is stronger than 应该 (yīnggāi — should). The negative form is 不必 (bùbì — don't need to) rather than 不必须. Meanings [modal verb] Must; have to; it is necessary to. Example Sentences 你必须按时交作业。 Nǐ bìxū ànshí jiāo zuòyè. You must hand in your homework on time. 进入这里必须出示证件。 Jìnrù zhèlǐ bìxū chūshì zhèngjiàn. You must...
老师 (lǎoshī) — teacher
老师 (lǎoshī) A noun meaning teacher. It is also used as a respectful form of address, spoken directly to the teacher just as you might say "Teacher" in English. The word combines 老 (old, experienced) and 师 (master, teacher). Meanings [noun] Teacher, instructor, educator. [address form] Used to address a teacher directly (e.g., 王老师, Teacher Wang). Example Sentences 我的汉语老师是中国人。 Wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī shì Zhōngguó rén. My Chinese teacher is...
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person); to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know a person personally, to be acquainted with someone, or to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào). Use 认识 for people and familiar things (you can recognize them); use 知道 for facts and information (things you are aware of). You can 认识 a person but you 知道 their address. Meanings [verb] To know, to be acquainted with (a person). [verb] To recognize, to be...
感激 (gǎnjī) — to be grateful
感激 (gǎnjī) 感激 expresses a deep sense of gratitude, stronger and more formal than simply saying thank you. Meanings [verb] to be grateful; to feel gratitude; to appreciate deeply Example Sentences 我非常感激您对我的帮助。 Wǒ fēicháng gǎnjī nín duì wǒ de bāngzhù. I am deeply grateful for your help. 她感激地看着老师，说不出话来。 Tā gǎnjī de kànzhe lǎoshī, shuō bù chū huà lái. She looked at the teacher with gratitude, unable to say a word....
低 (dī) — low / below average
低 (dī) Describes something that is physically low in height, or metaphorically below average in value, quality, or degree. Meanings [adjective] Low, short in height (opposite of 高 gāo). [adjective] Low (in degree, price, temperature, or level). Example Sentences 今天气温很低，要穿厚衣服。 Jīntiān qìwēn hěn dī, yào chuān hòu yīfu. The temperature is very low today; you need to wear thick clothes. 这里的物价比城市低得多。 Zhèlǐ de wùjià bǐ chéngshì dī de duō. Prices...
吃 (chī) — to eat
吃 (chī) 吃 is the standard verb for eating. It takes food as its object and appears in some of the most common daily phrases in Chinese. Meanings [verb] To eat, to consume food. Example Sentences 你吃早饭了吗？ Nǐ chī zǎofàn le ma? Have you eaten breakfast? 我想吃饺子。 Wǒ xiǎng chī jiǎozi. I want to eat dumplings. 他每天中午在公司吃饭。 Tā měitiān zhōngwǔ zài gōngsī chīfàn. He eats lunch at the company every...
按时 (ànshí) — on time
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, in accordance with the scheduled or agreed time. 按 means according to or in line with, and 时 means time. It emphasizes doing something exactly when it is supposed to be done. A related adverb is 准时 (zhǔnshí), which also means on time. Both are used in similar contexts, but 按时 slightly emphasizes following a set schedule, while 准时 emphasizes punctuality in...
漂亮 (piàoliang) — pretty; beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) 漂亮 describes something or someone that is visually beautiful or attractive. It can also describe an action done impressively well. Meanings [adjective] pretty; beautiful; attractive in appearance [adjective] well done; impressive; excellent (describing an action or result) Example Sentences 她穿了一条漂亮的裙子来参加聚会。 Tā chuān le yī tiáo piàoliang de qúnzi lái cānjiā jùhuì. She wore a pretty dress to the party. 这幅画画得真漂亮。 Zhè fú huà huà de zhēn piàoliang. This...
代码 (dàimǎ) — code; source code
代码 (dàimǎ) 代码 refers to a set of instructions written in a programming language that a computer can execute, or more broadly, any system of coded symbols used for encoding information. Meanings [noun] source code; programming code (instructions written for a computer to execute) [noun] code; coded symbols (a system of symbols representing information) Example Sentences 程序员每天要编写大量代码，以实现软件的各项功能。 Chéngxùyuán měitiān yào biānxiě dàliàng dàimǎ, yǐ shíxiàn ruǎnjiàn de gè xiàng gōngnéng....
没必要 (méi bìyào) — no need / unnecessary
没必要 (méi bìyào) 没必要 expresses that something is unnecessary or that there is no need to do a particular thing. Meanings [phrase] there is no need; it is unnecessary; no need to Example Sentences 没必要那么担心。 Méi bìyào nàme dānxīn. There is no need to worry so much. 这件事没必要告诉所有人。 Zhè jiàn shì méi bìyào gàosù suǒyǒu rén. There is no need to tell everyone about this matter. 你没必要亲自来，发邮件就可以了。 Nǐ méi bìyào...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 refers to a more formal or structured plan, often written out or thought through in advance. As a verb it means to plan. It is more systematic than 打算 (dǎsuàn), which describes personal intentions. Meanings [noun] Plan; program; schedule. [verb] To plan; to schedule. Example Sentences 我们制定了一个旅游计划。 Wǒmen zhìdìng le yīgè lǚyóu jìhuà. We drew up a travel plan. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
同学 (tóngxué) — Classmate
同学 (tóngxué) 同学 refers to someone who studies or studied at the same school or in the same class as you. Meanings [noun] classmate; schoolmate; fellow student Example Sentences 我和我的同学一起复习功课。 Wǒ hé wǒ de tóngxué yīqǐ fùxí gōngkè. My classmates and I review our lessons together. 她是我大学时最好的同学。 Tā shì wǒ dàxué shí zuì hǎo de tóngxué. She was my best classmate during university. 同学们，请翻开教材第三十页。 Tóngxuémen, qǐng fān kāi jiàocái dìsānshí...
拿 (ná) — to take, to hold, to carry
拿 (ná) 拿 means to take, hold, or carry something with the hand. It implies using your hand to pick up or hold an object. It is a physical, hands-on action. Meanings [verb] To take, to pick up, to hold (with the hand). [verb] To carry, to bring. Example Sentences 你能帮我拿一下这个吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ná yīxià zhège ma? Can you help me hold this for a moment? 她手里拿着一本书。 Tā...
制度 (zhìdù) — system, institution, rules
制度 (zhìdù) 制度 refers to an established system of rules, regulations, or institutional arrangements that govern behavior or operations within a society, organization, or domain. Meanings [noun] system, institution (of rules and regulations) [noun] institutional arrangement, established practice or rule Example Sentences 完善的社会保障制度是社会稳定的重要基础。 Wánshàn de shèhuì bǎozhàng zhìdù shì shèhuì wěndìng de zhòng yào jīchǔ. A sound social security system is an important foundation for social stability. 这所学校实行严格的考勤制度。 Zhè suǒ...
出发 (chūfā) — to set off
出发 (chūfā) 出发 means to set off or depart from a location, usually the beginning of a trip or journey. It focuses on the moment of departure. Meanings [verb] To set off; to depart; to start (a journey). Example Sentences 我们明天早上八点出发。 Wǒmen míngtiān zǎoshang bā diǎn chūfā. We set off at eight o'clock tomorrow morning. 大家都准备好了，可以出发了。 Dàjiā dōu zhǔnbèi hǎo le, kěyǐ chūfā le. Everyone is ready; we can set...
压抑 (yāyì) — to suppress; oppressive
压抑 (yāyì) 压抑 describes the act of suppressing emotions or feelings, or the quality of an environment that feels stifling and oppressive, lacking freedom or relief. Meanings [verb] to suppress; to repress (emotions, desires) [adjective] oppressive; stifling; depressing (describing atmosphere or mood) Example Sentences 他一直压抑着内心的愤怒。 Tā yīzhí yāyì zhe nèixīn de fènnù. He has been suppressing the anger in his heart all along. 长期压抑情绪对健康有害。 Chángqī yāyì qíngxù duì jiànkāng yǒuhài....
统一 (tǒngyī) — unification, unified, to unify
统一 (tǒngyī) 统一 refers to the act of unifying or standardizing, bringing diverse elements together into a single coherent whole, and can describe both political unification and conceptual or operational standardization. Meanings [verb] to unify, to unite, to standardize [adjective] unified, uniform, standard [noun] unification, unity Example Sentences 秦始皇统一了六国，建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权国家。 Qín shǐ huáng tǒngyī le liù guó, jiànlì le Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng dì yīgè zhōngyāng jíquán guójiā. Qin Shi Huang unified...
您好 (nín hǎo) — hello (formal/respectful)
您好 (nín hǎo) 您好 is the formal and respectful version of 你好. It is used when greeting elders, teachers, bosses, clients, or anyone to whom you wish to show deference. Meanings [phrase] Hello (formal/respectful). A polite greeting used toward people of higher status or those deserving respect. Example Sentences 王老师，您好！ Wáng lǎoshī, nín hǎo! Hello, Teacher Wang! 您好，我可以帮您吗？ Nín hǎo, wǒ kěyǐ bāng nín ma? Hello, may I help you?...
集中 (jízhōng) — to concentrate; focused
集中 (jízhōng) 集中 means to gather, concentrate, or focus things or attention into one place or point. Meanings [verb] to concentrate; to focus; to centralize [adj] concentrated; focused Example Sentences 上课的时候要集中注意力。 Shàngkè de shíhou yào jízhōng zhùyìlì. You need to concentrate your attention during class. 所有的学生集中在操场上。 Suǒyǒu de xuéshēng jízhōng zài cāochǎng shàng. All the students gathered on the sports field. 他的工作需要高度集中的精神。 Tā de gōngzuò xūyào gāodù jízhōng de jīngshén....
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy / allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. The key pattern is 对...过敏 (to be allergic to...). It can function as a verb (to have an allergy) or a noun (an allergy). It is essential vocabulary for discussing health and medical situations. Meanings [verb] To be allergic; to have an allergic reaction. [noun] Allergy; hypersensitivity. Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn. I...
等 (děng) — to wait / etc.
等 (děng) 等 has two distinct but equally common uses. As a verb it means to wait for someone or something. As a sentence-final particle after a list of items it means and so on or et cetera. Meanings [verb] To wait; to wait for. [particle] Et cetera; and so on; and the like (after a list of examples). Example Sentences 请在这里等我。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ děng wǒ. Please wait for...
成绩 (chéngjì) — achievement; results; grades
成绩 (chéngjì) 成绩 refers to the results, achievements, or grades one obtains through effort in study, work, or other pursuits, with a broad sense ranging from academic scores to broader accomplishments. Meanings [noun] grades; academic results; test scores [noun] achievements; accomplishments; results (of effort in work or any field) Example Sentences 他通过刻苦努力，期末考试成绩大幅提升，名列全班前三。 Tā tōngguò kèkǔ nǔlì, qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì dàfú tíshēng, míngliè quán bān qián sān. Through hard work, his...
讨论 (tǎolùn) — to discuss
讨论 (tǎolùn) 讨论 means to discuss or talk something over with one or more people, usually to reach an understanding, make a decision, or explore different views. Meanings [verb] To discuss; to talk over; to debate. [noun] A discussion; a debate. Example Sentences 我们来讨论一下这个问题。 Wǒmen lái tǎolùn yīxià zhège wèntí. Let's discuss this problem. 经过讨论，大家达成了一致意见。 Jīngguò tǎolùn, dàjiā dáchéng le yīzhì yìjiàn. After the discussion, everyone reached a consensus. 老师请同学们分组讨论。...
文章 (wénzhāng) — article; essay
文章 (wénzhāng) 文章 refers to a piece of written work, such as a newspaper article, essay, or composition. Meanings [noun] article; essay; composition; written piece Example Sentences 他写了一篇关于环境保护的文章。 Tā xiě le yī piān guānyú huánjìng bǎohù de wénzhāng. He wrote an article about environmental protection. 这篇文章写得很好，逻辑清晰。 Zhè piān wénzhāng xiě de hěn hǎo, luójí qīngxī. This article is very well written and logically clear. 老师要求我们每周写一篇文章。 Lǎoshī yāoqiú wǒmen měi zhōu...
同意 (tóngyì) — Agree
同意 (tóngyì) 同意 means to agree with someone's opinion or to give consent or approval for something. Meanings [verb] to agree; to consent; to approve; to give permission Example Sentences 我完全同意你的看法。 Wǒ wánquán tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I completely agree with your view. 父母同意了她去国外留学。 Fùmǔ tóngyìle tā qù guówài liúxué. Her parents agreed to let her study abroad. 他不同意这个方案，提出了很多意见。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège fāng'àn, tíchūle hěn duō yìjiàn. He did...
沟通 (gōutōng) — Communicate, communication
沟通 (gōutōng) 沟通 refers to the process of communicating effectively with others -- exchanging information, ideas, or feelings -- and is one of the most important interpersonal skills emphasized in Chinese professional and social contexts. Meanings [verb] to communicate; to liaise; to bridge a gap [noun] communication; coordination; mutual understanding Example Sentences 有效沟通是建立良好人际关系的基础。 Yǒuxiào gōutōng shì jiànlì liánghǎo rénjì guānxi de jīchǔ. Effective communication is the foundation of building good...
命题 (mìngtí) — proposition; to set a topic
命题 (mìngtí) 命题 has two related uses. As a noun, it means a proposition — a statement that can be evaluated as true or false (in logic) or a central thesis (in rhetoric). As a verb, it means to set or formulate a topic for an examination, essay, or debate. The word is used in logic, philosophy, education, and academic writing. Meanings [n] proposition (a statement evaluable as true or...
遗憾 (yíhàn) — regret; to regret; regrettable
遗憾 (yíhàn) 遗憾 expresses regret, disappointment, or sorrow over something that did not happen, was lost, or went wrong, and is used across personal, official, and literary contexts at B2 level. Meanings [noun] regret; a sense of loss or disappointment [verb] to regret; to feel sorry about [adjective] regrettable; unfortunate Example Sentences 他感到非常遗憾，因为错过了这次难得的机会。 Tā gǎndào fēicháng yíhàn, yīnwèi cuòguòle zhè cì nándé de jīhuì. He felt very regretful because he...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, pattern, regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular, predictable pattern or natural law that governs phenomena, implying an inherent order or recurring regularity that can be observed and understood. Meanings [noun] law, regularity, pattern (natural or social) [noun] regular rhythm, routine (of life or events) Example Sentences 科学研究的目的就是发现和掌握自然界的规律。 Kēxué yánjiū de mùdì jiùshì fāxiàn hé zhǎngwò zìrán jiè de guīlǜ. The purpose of scientific research is to discover and master the...
诊断 (zhěnduàn) — to diagnose; diagnosis
诊断 (zhěnduàn) 诊断 refers to the process of identifying a disease or problem through examination and analysis, and is used in both medical contexts and metaphorically to describe identifying the root cause of any issue. Meanings [verb] to diagnose [noun] diagnosis Example Sentences 医生根据检查结果做出了诊断。 Yīshēng gēnjù jiǎnchá jiéguǒ zuòchū le zhěnduàn. The doctor made a diagnosis based on the examination results. 早期诊断对癌症治疗至关重要。 Zǎoqī zhěnduàn duì áizhèng zhìliáo zhìguān zhòngyào. Early...
朋友 (péngyou) — friend
朋友 (péngyou) A noun meaning friend. It is one of the first and most important social words to learn in Chinese. Note that 友 on its own also means friend or friendly, but 朋友 is the standard word used in speech. Meanings [noun] Friend, companion. [noun] (Informal) Boyfriend or girlfriend, when the context is a romantic relationship. Example Sentences 他是我最好的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou. He is my...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; perspective
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 is one of the most essential nouns for academic and argumentative writing in Chinese, referring to a person's point of view, perspective, or opinion on a particular matter. Meanings [noun] viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint Example Sentences 请分享一下你对这个问题的观点。 Qǐng fēnxiǎng yīxià nǐ duì zhège wèntí de guāndiǎn. Please share your viewpoint on this issue. 双方的观点截然不同，很难达成共识。 Shuāngfāng de guāndiǎn jiérán bùtóng, hěn nán dáchéng gòngshí. The two...
好吃 (hǎochī) — delicious
好吃 (hǎochī) An adjective meaning delicious or tasty. It literally combines 好 (good) and 吃 (eat), making it one of the most transparent and memorable compounds in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Delicious, tasty, good to eat. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎochī! This dish is truly delicious! 妈妈做的饭最好吃了。 Māma zuò de fàn zuì hǎochī le. The food Mom makes is the most delicious. 你觉得这个蛋糕好吃吗？ Nǐ juéde zhège dàngāo hǎochī ma?...
节约 (jiéyuē) — to save; to economize; frugal
节约 (jiéyuē) 节约 means to use money, time, water, or other resources carefully in order not to waste them. Meanings [verb/adj] to save; to economize; frugal; thrifty Example Sentences 我们应该节约用水，保护资源。 Wǒmen yīnggāi jiéyuē yòng shuǐ, bǎohù zīyuán. We should save water and protect resources. 他从小养成了节约的好习惯。 Tā cóng xiǎo yǎngchéng le jiéyuē de hǎo xíguàn. He developed the good habit of being frugal from a young age. 节约时间就是延长了生命。 Jiéyuē shíjiān jiùshì...
微处理器 (wēi chǔlǐqì) — microprocessor
微处理器 (wēi chǔlǐqì) 微处理器 is a miniaturized digital computer central processing unit fabricated on a single semiconductor integrated circuit. It executes stored instructions and is the computational core of computers, smartphones, embedded systems, and virtually all modern digital devices. Microprocessor performance and architecture are central topics in computer science and hardware engineering. Meanings [noun] microprocessor; a single-chip integrated circuit that performs the functions of a central processing unit Example Sentences...
由于 (yóuyú) — due to, because of
由于 (yóuyú) 由于 is a formal conjunction or preposition used to introduce a cause or reason, equivalent to "due to," "because of," or "owing to" in English. Meanings [conjunction / preposition] due to, because of, owing to, as a result of Example Sentences 由于天气原因，比赛被取消了。 Yóuyú tiānqì yuányīn, bǐsài bèi qǔxiāo le. Due to weather reasons, the match was cancelled. 由于他的努力，项目提前完成了。 Yóuyú tā de nǔlì, xiàngmù tíqián wánchéng le. Owing to...
班 (bān) — class / shift
班 (bān) 班 primarily means a class of students or a work shift. It is also used as a measure word for scheduled transport departures and as part of compound words related to work schedules. Meanings [noun] Class; classroom group of students. [noun] Work shift; duty period. [measure word] Scheduled trip or service (for buses, planes, trains). Example Sentences 我们班一共有三十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yīgòng yǒu sānshí gè xuésheng. Our class has...
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient / patience
耐心 (nàixīn) 耐心 describes the quality of being patient, or refers to patience itself as a trait or resource. Meanings [adjective] patient; forbearing [noun] patience Example Sentences 老师很耐心地解释每一个问题。 Lǎoshī hěn nàixīn de jiěshì měi yīgè wèntí. The teacher patiently explained every question. 学习语言需要很大的耐心。 Xuéxí yǔyán xūyào hěn dà de nàixīn. Learning a language requires a great deal of patience. 他对孩子总是很有耐心。 Tā duì háizi zǒng shì hěn yǒu nàixīn. He is...
满足 (mǎnzú) — to satisfy / be satisfied
满足 (mǎnzú) 满足 means to satisfy or to be satisfied. As a verb it means to meet or fulfill a need, demand, or requirement. As an adjective it describes the feeling of contentment. 满 means full, and 足 means foot/sufficient. Together they convey being fully content. Meanings [verb] To satisfy; to fulfill; to meet a need or requirement. [adjective] Satisfied; content; feeling that enough has been provided. Example Sentences 这份工作满足了我对薪水的要求。...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to perform / performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 means to show or display behavior, or refers to one's performance or conduct in a given context. Meanings [verb] to show; to display; to perform; to express [noun] performance; behavior; manifestation Example Sentences 他在比赛中的表现非常出色。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng de biǎoxiàn fēicháng chūsè. His performance in the competition was outstanding. 这个学生在课堂上表现很积极。 Zhège xuéshēng zài kètáng shàng biǎoxiàn hěn jījí. This student performs very actively in class. 她的表现让所有人都印象深刻。 Tā...
网站 (wǎngzhàn) — website; web page
网站 (wǎngzhàn) 网站 means "website" and refers to a collection of web pages accessible on the internet under a single domain. Meanings [noun] website; web site; online platform Example Sentences 这个网站提供很多免费资料。 Zhège wǎngzhàn tígōng hěn duō miǎnfèi zīliào. This website provides a lot of free materials. 我们公司有一个官方网站。 Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu yīgè guānfāng wǎngzhàn. Our company has an official website. 你可以在这个网站上学习中文。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhège wǎngzhàn shàng xuéxí Zhōngwén. You can...
呢 (ne) — continuation question particle
呢 (ne) 呢 is a sentence-final particle used to ask a follow-up question ("and what about you/it?"), to soften a statement, or to indicate that a situation is ongoing. Meanings [particle] Continuation question: "And what about...?" — bounces the topic back to the listener. [particle] Softener: makes a statement or question sound less abrupt. [particle] Ongoing state: indicates that a situation is still in progress (e.g., 他睡觉呢, He is sleeping)....
精简 (jīngjiǎn) — to streamline; lean
精简 (jīngjiǎn) 精简 means to cut away the unnecessary and keep only what is essential. It is used for streamlining organisations, reducing redundant procedures, or making language more concise. It implies a deliberate, purposeful reduction that improves quality. Meanings [verb] to streamline; to trim; to reduce to essentials; to cut back [adjective] lean; concise; pared down Example Sentences 政府决定精简行政机构，减少不必要的审批环节，提高办事效率。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng jīngjiǎn xíngzhèng jīgòu, jiǎnshǎo bù bìyào de shěnpī huánjié,...
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person), to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 expresses familiarity with a person or the ability to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào), which means "to know a fact." 认识 implies direct personal acquaintance or perceptual recognition. Meanings [verb] To know (a person); to be acquainted with. [verb] To recognize; to identify (a character, face, or object). Example Sentences 你认识那个人吗？ Nǐ rènshi nàge rén ma? Do you know that person? 我们是在大学认识的。 Wǒmen shì zài...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) 打电话 is a verb-object phrase meaning "to make a phone call." 打 (to hit/do) is used with many communication and activity verbs in Chinese: 打电话 (phone call), 打篮球 (play basketball), 打招呼 (greet). The person you call is introduced with 给 (gěi): 给他打电话 (call him). Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call; to call someone. Used for initiating a telephone conversation. Example Sentences 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng...
多样化 (duōyànghuà) — diversification, to diversify
多样化 (duōyànghuà) 多样化 describes the process of becoming or making something more diverse and varied, encompassing a broader range of forms, options, or approaches than before. Meanings [verb] to diversify, to become more varied and diverse [noun/adjective] diversification; diversified, varied Example Sentences 消费者需求的多样化促使企业不断开发新产品。 Xiāofèi zhě xūqiú de duōyàng huà cùshǐ qǐyè bùduàn kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn. The diversification of consumer demand has prompted companies to continuously develop new products. 现代社会中，人们的生活方式日趋多样化。 Xiàndài...
上班 (shàngbān) — to go to work, to be at work
上班 (shàngbān) A verb-object compound meaning to go to work or to be on duty. The opposite is 下班 (xiàbān), to get off work. It refers to the act of starting or being at one's work shift. Meanings [verb] To go to work, to start work, to be at work. Example Sentences 我每天八点上班。 Wǒ měi tiān bā diǎn shàngbān. I go to work at eight o'clock every day. 他今天不舒服，没去上班。 Tā...
写错 (xiě cuò) — to write incorrectly / to make a writing mistake
写错 (xiě cuò) A verb-result compound where 写 (to write) + 错 (wrong/mistaken) means to write something incorrectly. Meanings [verb + complement] To write incorrectly, to make a mistake in writing. Example Sentences 我把这个字写错了。 Wǒ bǎ zhège zì xiě cuò le. I wrote this character incorrectly. 你的名字写错了，应该是这样写。 Nǐ de míngzì xiě cuò le, yīnggāi shì zhèyàng xiě. Your name is written incorrectly; it should be written this way. 考试的时候，我写错了几道题。 Kǎoshì...
外交 (wàijiāo) — diplomacy; diplomatic
外交 (wàijiāo) 外交 refers to diplomacy -- the management of relations between countries through negotiation and communication -- and is a core term in international relations and political science. Meanings [noun] diplomacy; foreign affairs; diplomatic relations [adjective] diplomatic; pertaining to foreign affairs Example Sentences 两国之间的外交关系已经正常化。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de wàijiāo guānxi yǐjīng zhèngchánghuà. Diplomatic relations between the two countries have been normalized. 外交部发言人就此事发表了声明。 Wàijiāo bù fāyánrén jiù cǐ shì fābiǎo...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support; to back up; support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to give active assistance, backing, or resources to someone or a cause, both in interpersonal and institutional contexts. Meanings [verb] To support, to back, to endorse, to stand behind. [noun] Support, backing, endorsement. Example Sentences 她的父母一直全力支持她追求艺术梦想，尽管这条路充满了不确定性。 Tā de fùmǔ yīzhí quánlì zhīchí tā zhuīqiú yìshù mèngxiǎng, jǐnguǎn zhè tiáo lù chōngmǎn le bù quèdìngxìng. Her parents have always fully supported her in pursuing her artistic dream,...
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance; purpose
意义 (yìyì) 意义 refers to the deeper meaning, significance, or value of something, going beyond simple dictionary definitions to encompass purpose and importance. Meanings [noun] Meaning; significance; purpose (the deeper value or importance of something). Example Sentences 这项工作对社会有重要的意义。 Zhè xiàng gōngzuò duì shèhuì yǒu zhòngyào de yìyì. This work has important significance for society. 他认为旅行的意义在于了解不同文化。 Tā rènwéi lǚxíng de yìyì zàiyú liǎojiě bùtóng wénhuà. He believes the meaning of travel...
你 (nǐ) — you
你 (nǐ) The everyday second-person singular pronoun used with friends, family, peers, and strangers of similar status; 您 (nín) is the formal equivalent. Meanings [pronoun] You (subject, informal singular). [pronoun] You (object, informal singular). [pronoun] Your (before 的: 你的). Example Sentences 你好！ Nǐ hǎo! Hello! (Lit. You [are] good.) 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我喜欢你。 Wǒ xǐhuan nǐ. I like you. 你的朋友很有趣。 Nǐ de péngyou hěn...
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) — run back
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) 跑回去 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 跑 (to run) is the base verb; 回去 (go back, away from the speaker) is the directional complement indicating a return movement directed away from the current location. Compare 跑回来 (run back here, toward the speaker). Structure 跑 (run) + 回去 (directional complement: go back away from speaker) = run back (away). Other base verbs with 回去: 走回去...
体验 (tǐyàn) — to experience; experience
体验 (tǐyàn) 体验 means to experience something personally and directly, or the personal knowledge and understanding gained through such direct experience, often emphasizing the subjective, firsthand nature of the encounter. Meanings [verb] to experience firsthand; to feel personally; to go through something directly [noun] (personal) experience; user experience; sense of experience Example Sentences 他利用暑假去农村体验了一个月的农耕生活，深刻感受到了农民的艰辛。 Tā lìyòng shǔjià qù nóngcūn tǐyànle yī gè yuè de nónggēng shēnghuó, shēnkè gǎnshòudào le nóngmín...
期限 (qīxiàn) — deadline; time limit
期限 (qīxiàn) 期限 means a deadline or time limit, referring to the fixed date or period by which something must be done. Meanings [noun] deadline; time limit; a set period within which something must be completed Example Sentences 这个项目的期限是下周五。 Zhège xiàngmù de qīxiàn shì xià zhōuwǔ. The deadline for this project is next Friday. 我们必须在规定期限内完成任务。 Wǒmen bìxū zài guīdìng qīxiàn nèi wánchéng rènwu. We must complete the task within the...
验证 (yànzhèng) — to verify, to validate
验证 (yànzhèng) 验证 means to verify or validate — to test something empirically or logically to confirm that it is true, correct, or effective. It implies a systematic process of checking, testing, or confirming, and is central to scientific method, technology, and academic research. It is also used in everyday contexts such as identity verification. Meanings [v] to verify; to validate; to confirm through testing or evidence [v] to prove...
漂亮 (piàoliang) — beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) An adjective meaning beautiful or pretty, most naturally used to describe people, especially women. Compare with 好看 (hǎokàn), which means "pleasant to look at" and applies more broadly to objects and scenery. 漂亮 carries a stronger sense of striking beauty and is more personal. Meanings [adjective] Beautiful, pretty (primarily for people and their appearance). [adjective] Excellent, impressive (for actions or results, informal). Example Sentences 她长得很漂亮。 Tā zhǎng de...
接 (jiē) — to pick up / answer / receive
接 (jiē) 接 is a versatile verb with several related meanings: to pick someone up (from a place), to answer a phone call, or to receive something passed to you. All meanings share the core idea of bringing something toward you or making a connection. Meanings [verb] To pick up a person; to go and collect someone. [verb] To answer (a phone call): 接电话. [verb] To receive or catch something...
切除 (qiēchú) — to excise, to surgically remove
切除 (qiēchú) 切除 is the precise surgical term for excision — the deliberate removal of tissue, an organ, or a pathological lesion from the body by cutting. It is distinguished from simpler terms like 去除 (to remove) by its strict surgical connotation and is used across all surgical subspecialties. The term appears in operative reports, surgical consent forms, oncological treatment plans, and clinical research. Meanings verb to excise; to surgically...
模型 (móxíng) — model
模型 (móxíng) A representation -- whether physical, mathematical, or conceptual -- that captures the essential features of a system, object, or process for purposes of understanding, prediction, or communication. Meanings [noun] model (physical scale model, mathematical model, conceptual framework, AI model) Example Sentences 科学家建立了一个气候变化的数学模型来预测未来趋势。 Kēxuéjiā jiànlìle yī gè qìhòu biànhuà de shùxué móxíng lái yùcè wèilái qūshì. Scientists have built a mathematical model of climate change to predict future trends....
变革 (biàngé) — reform; transformation
变革 (biàngé) 变革 refers to fundamental, often large-scale change or reform in society, institutions, or systems, implying a deeper transformation than simple modification. Meanings [noun] reform; transformation; fundamental change [verb] to reform; to transform; to bring about fundamental change Example Sentences 工业革命带来了深刻的社会变革。 Gōngyè gémìng dàilái le shēnkè de shèhuì biàngé. The Industrial Revolution brought about profound social transformation. 这个国家正在经历一场深刻的政治变革。 Zhège guójiā zhèngzài jīnglì yī chǎng shēnkè de zhèngzhì biàngé. This...
缩小 (suōxiǎo) — to narrow; to reduce; to shrink
缩小 (suōxiǎo) 缩小 means "to narrow," "to reduce," or "to shrink" and describes making something smaller in size, scope, or difference. Meanings [verb] to reduce in size; to shrink; to make smaller [verb] to narrow (a gap, difference, or range) Example Sentences 请把这张图片缩小一点。 Qǐng bǎ zhè zhāng túpiàn suōxiǎo yīdiǎn. Please reduce this image a little. 两国之间的差距正在缩小。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de chājù zhèngzài suōxiǎo. The gap between the two countries...
飞机场 (fēijīchǎng) — airport
飞机场 (fēijīchǎng) 飞机场 is the full form for "airport." It is also commonly shortened to 机场 (jīchǎng) in everyday speech. 飞机 means "airplane" and 场 means "field / ground." Together they describe a field where airplanes operate. Both forms are correct and widely used. Meanings [noun] Airport; airfield; the facility for aircraft departure and arrival. Example Sentences 我明天早上要去飞机场接朋友。 Wǒ míngtiān zǎoshang yào qù fēijīchǎng jiē péngyǒu. I need to go...
甚至 (shènzhì) — even; so much so that
甚至 (shènzhì) 甚至 is used to present an extreme example that exceeds what has just been stated, adding emphasis to the degree or extent of something. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] even; even to the point that; so much so that Example Sentences 他学习非常努力，甚至周末也不休息。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng nǔlì, shènzhì zhōumò yě bù xiūxi. He studies very hard -- he even skips rest on weekends. 这道题太难了，甚至老师也做不出来。 Zhè dào tí tài nán le, shènzhì lǎoshī...
早上 (zǎoshang) — morning, early morning
早上 (zǎoshang) 早上 means early morning, the time from when you wake up to roughly 9 a.m. It implies the very beginning of the day and is slightly earlier than 上午 (shàngwǔ). Meanings [noun] Early morning, morning (approximately 6:00 to 9:00). Example Sentences 早上好！ Zǎoshang hǎo! Good morning! 我每天早上六点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at six every morning. 早上我喜欢喝咖啡。 Zǎoshang wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. In the...
何况 (hékuàng) — let alone; much less; not to mention
何况 (hékuàng) 何况 is a conjunction used to introduce a stronger or more extreme case after establishing a baseline, equivalent to "let alone," "not to mention," or "much less," implying that if one thing is true, an even more obvious case follows. Meanings [conjunction] let alone; much less; not to mention (introduces a stronger case based on a weaker one already stated) [conjunction] all the more so; especially; moreover (introduces...
结论 (jiélùn) — conclusion
结论 (jiélùn) 结论 refers to a conclusion, judgement, or finding reached at the end of a process of reasoning, research, or investigation. It is the standard term in academic, legal, and analytical writing for a final determination. Meanings [noun] conclusion; finding; final judgement Example Sentences 研究人员经过大量实验，得出了一个令人惊讶的结论。 Yánjiū rényuán jīngguò dàliàng shíyàn, déchūle yī gè lìng rén jīngyà de jiélùn. After extensive experiments, the researchers reached a surprising conclusion. 在所有证据都收集完毕之前，不应该过早地下结论。 Zài...
请问 (qǐngwèn) — excuse me; may I ask
请问 (qǐngwèn) 请问 means "excuse me" or "may I ask." It is a polite phrase used at the beginning of a question, especially when addressing a stranger or in a formal context. Meanings [phrase] Excuse me; may I ask; pardon me for asking (polite opener before a question). Example Sentences 请问，洗手间在哪里？ Qǐngwèn, xǐshǒujiān zài nǎlǐ? Excuse me, where is the restroom? 请问，你叫什么名字？ Qǐngwèn, nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? May I ask...
上传 (shàngchuán) — to upload
上传 (shàngchuán) 上传 means to upload, describing the action of sending files, photos, or data from a local device to the internet or a remote server. It is the opposite of 下载 (to download). Meanings [verb] to upload; to send data from a local device to a server or the internet Example Sentences 她把照片上传到社交媒体上了。 Tā bǎ zhàopiàn shàngchuán dào shèjiāo méitǐ shàng le. She uploaded the photos to social media....
分 (fēn) — minute; to divide; part
分 (fēn) 分 is used after a number to express minutes when telling the time. It also means "to divide" or "a portion," and appears in many compound words. Meanings [noun] Minute (unit of time, used after a number). [verb] To divide, to separate. [noun] A part, a portion, a score (in exams). Example Sentences 现在八点二十分。 Xiànzài bā diǎn èrshí fēn. It is now eight twenty. 我们还有五分钟。 Wǒmen hái yǒu...
内在 (nèizài) — intrinsic, internal
内在 (nèizài) 内在 describes qualities, forces, or characteristics that exist within something inherently, as opposed to those imposed or visible from the outside. Meanings [adjective] intrinsic, internal, inherent, inner Example Sentences 真正的美来自内在，而不仅仅是外表。 Zhēnzhèng de měi láizì nèizài, ér bù jǐnjǐn shì wàibiǎo. True beauty comes from within, not just from appearance. 我们需要理解事物发展的内在规律。 Wǒmen xūyào lǐjiě shìwù fāzhǎn de nèizài guīlǜ. We need to understand the intrinsic laws governing the development...
影响力 (yǐngxiǎng lì) — influence; clout; power of influence
影响力 (yǐngxiǎng lì) Influence or clout refers to the capacity or power that a person, organization, or idea has to affect the beliefs, behaviors, and decisions of others. Meanings [noun] influence; clout; power of influence; sway; reach Example Sentences 这位作家在全球拥有广泛的文学影响力。 Zhè wèi zuòjiā zài quánqiú yōngyǒu guǎngfàn de wénxué yǐngxiǎng lì. This writer has widespread literary influence around the world. 提升国际影响力是中国外交政策的重要目标之一。 Tíshēng guójì yǐngxiǎng lì shì Zhōngguó wàijiāo zhèngcè de...
继续 (jìxù) — to continue
继续 (jìxù) 继续 means to continue doing something or to carry on without stopping, picking up where one left off. Meanings [verb] to continue; to go on; to carry on; to keep doing Example Sentences 请继续说，我在听。 Qǐng jìxù shuō, wǒ zài tīng. Please continue speaking; I am listening. 休息一下，然后继续工作。 Xiūxi yīxià, ránhòu jìxù gōngzuò. Take a rest, then continue working. 尽管很难，他还是继续努力了。 Jǐnguǎn hěn nán, tā háishi jìxù nǔlì le. Even...
共同 (gòngtóng) — common; shared; together; jointly
共同 (gòngtóng) 共同 describes something that is held in common by multiple parties, or an action that is carried out together or jointly. Meanings [adjective] common; shared — belonging to or affecting all parties [adverb] together; jointly — doing something as a collective Example Sentences 我们有共同的爱好。 Wǒmen yǒu gòngtóng de àihào. We share common hobbies. 这是我们共同的责任。 Zhè shì wǒmen gòngtóng de zérèn. This is our shared responsibility. 大家共同努力，一定能成功。 Dàjiā gòngtóng...
以为 (yǐwéi) — to think (incorrectly)
以为 (yǐwéi) 以为 is used when someone believes something that turns out to be wrong or different from reality. It implies a mistaken assumption, unlike 认为 (rènwéi) which is a neutral opinion. Meanings [verb] to think (incorrectly); to mistakenly believe; to assume (wrongly) Example Sentences 我以为你不来了，没想到你来了。 Wǒ yǐwéi nǐ bù lái le, méi xiǎngdào nǐ lái le. I thought you were not coming; I did not expect you to show...
梳理 (shūlǐ) — to comb through, to organize
梳理 (shūlǐ) 梳理 literally means to comb (hair), and metaphorically means to sort through, organize, or untangle complex information, ideas, or issues systematically. It implies bringing order to something that is complex or messy. It is widely used in academic and professional contexts when reviewing literature, organizing thoughts, or analyzing a tangled situation. Meanings [v] to comb through; to sort and organize systematically [v] to untangle; to clarify (a complex...
渴望 (kěwàng) — Yearn for, long for, crave
渴望 (kěwàng) 渴望 expresses a deep, intense desire or longing for something -- much stronger than simply wanting. It conveys an emotional urgency comparable to physical thirst. Meanings [verb] to yearn for; to long for; to crave; to thirst for [noun] yearning; longing; strong desire Example Sentences 她渴望有一天能够环游世界，探索不同的文化。 Tā kěwàng yǒu yītiān nénggòu huányóu shìjiè, tànsuǒ bùtóng de wénhuà. She yearns for the day she can travel around the world...
解决 (jiějué) — to solve
解决 (jiějué) 解决 means to resolve a problem or difficulty completely. The action implies bringing a situation to a satisfactory conclusion, not just addressing it temporarily. Meanings [verb] To solve; to resolve; to settle; to deal with (a problem). Example Sentences 我们一起来解决这个问题。 Wǒmen yīqǐ lái jiějué zhège wèntí. Let's solve this problem together. 这个问题很快就解决了。 Zhège wèntí hěn kuài jiù jiějué le. This problem was resolved very quickly. 他想了很多办法来解决困难。 Tā xiǎng...
果然 (guǒrán) — as expected; sure enough; indeed
果然 (guǒrán) 果然 expresses that something happened exactly as predicted or expected. It carries a tone of confirmation or mild vindication — "just as I thought." It always refers to something that has already been verified, not something still uncertain. Meanings [adverb] As expected; sure enough; indeed; just as predicted — confirms that a prior expectation was correct. Example Sentences 他说今天会下雨，果然下起来了。 Tā shuō jīntiān huì xià yǔ, guǒrán xià qǐlái...
虽然 (suīrán) — although / even though
虽然 (suīrán) 虽然 is a conjunction that introduces a concessive clause, acknowledging one fact while contrasting it with another. Meanings [conjunction] although; even though; though; while Example Sentences 虽然很累，但他还是坚持完成了任务。 Suīrán hěn lèi, dàn tā háishi jiānchí wánchéng le rènwù. Although he was very tired, he still persisted and completed the task. 虽然这道菜看起来很普通，但味道非常好。 Suīrán zhè dào cài kànqǐlái hěn pǔtōng, dàn wèidào fēicháng hǎo. Although this dish looks ordinary, it tastes...
迟到 (chídào) — to be late; to arrive late
迟到 (chídào) 迟到 is a verb-object compound: 迟 (chí) means "late/slow" and 到 (dào) means "to arrive." Together they express arriving or showing up after the expected time. Because it is a verb-object compound, time expressions and 了 attach after the whole word. Meanings [verb] To be late; to arrive late. Used for being late to a scheduled event, class, meeting, or appointment. Example Sentences 对不起，我迟到了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le....
互相 (hùxiāng) — mutually; each other; one another
互相 (hùxiāng) 互相 is an adverb indicating that an action is reciprocal — each party both performs and receives the action in relation to the other. Meanings [adverb] Mutually, each other, one another (indicating a reciprocal relationship). Example Sentences 两国之间需要互相尊重，才能建立起长久稳定的合作关系。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān xūyào hùxiāng zūnzhòng, cái néng jiànlì qǐ chángjiǔ wěndìng de hézuò guānxi. The two countries need to respect each other before they can establish a long-term,...
设施 (shèshī) — facility; installation; infrastructure
设施 (shèshī) 设施 means "facility," "installation," or "infrastructure" and refers to physical systems or equipment set up to serve a specific purpose. Meanings [noun] facility; installation; infrastructure; amenity Example Sentences 这个酒店的设施非常完善。 Zhège jiǔdiàn de shèshī fēicháng wánshàn. The facilities of this hotel are very complete. 城市的基础设施需要不断改善。 Chéngshì de jīchǔ shèshī xūyào bùduàn gǎishàn. Urban infrastructure needs continuous improvement. 学校新建了很多现代化教育设施。 Xuéxiào xīn jiàn le hěn duō xiàndàihuà jiàoyù shèshī. The school...
心理咨询 (xīnlǐ zīxún) — psychological counseling
心理咨询 (xīnlǐ zīxún) 心理咨询 refers to the professional practice of psychological counseling, where a trained therapist or counselor helps individuals address emotional, behavioral, or mental health concerns through conversation and guidance. Meanings [noun] psychological counseling; mental health counseling; therapy consultation Example Sentences 越来越多的年轻人开始主动寻求心理咨询，不再将看心理咨询师视为一种耻辱。 Yuè lái yuè duō de niánqīng rén kāishǐ zhǔdòng xúnqiú xīnlǐ zīxún, bù zài jiāng kàn xīnlǐ zīxúnshī shìwéi yī zhǒng chǐrǔ. More and more young people...
地方 (dìfāng) — place; area; part
地方 (dìfāng) 地方 is a general word for place or location. It can refer to a physical location, a region, or an abstract "part" of something (as in "there are some parts I don't understand"). It is more abstract and general than 地点 (dìdiǎn), which refers to a specific, named location. Meanings [noun] Place; location; area. A physical spot or region. [noun] Part; aspect. A specific element of something abstract,...
鼓励 (gǔlì) — to encourage / encouragement
鼓励 (gǔlì) 鼓励 means to encourage someone, or refers to the act or words of encouragement. Meanings [verb] to encourage; to motivate; to inspire [noun] encouragement; motivation Example Sentences 老师经常鼓励学生要有自信。 Lǎoshī jīngcháng gǔlì xuéshēng yào yǒu zìxìn. The teacher often encourages students to be confident. 父母的鼓励对孩子非常重要。 Fùmǔ de gǔlì duì háizi fēicháng zhòngyào. Parents' encouragement is very important for children. 谢谢你的鼓励，我会继续努力的。 Xièxie nǐ de gǔlì, wǒ huì jìxù nǔlì de....
是…的 (shì...de) — emphasis construction
是…的 (shì...de) 是…的 is an emphasis construction used when the action itself is already known or assumed, and the speaker wants to highlight a specific detail about it: when it happened, where, how, or by whom. 是 can often be omitted in speech, but 的 at the end is required. Structure Subject + 是 + [Emphasized Element] + Verb (+ Object) + 的 The emphasized element (time, place, manner, agent)...
即使 (jíshǐ) — even if; even though
即使 (jíshǐ) 即使 introduces a concessive condition — "even if" or "even though." It presents an extreme or hypothetical scenario and states that even under that scenario, the conclusion in the second clause (marked by 也) still stands. The condition may be real or imaginary. Meanings [conjunction] Even if; even though — presents an extreme condition (real or hypothetical) that does not change the outcome, always paired with 也 in...
危机 (wēijī) — Crisis
危机 (wēijī) 危机 refers to a dangerous or critical turning point in a situation, often requiring urgent action. Meanings [noun] crisis; critical juncture; emergency situation Example Sentences 公司正面临一场严重的财务危机。 Gōngsī zhèng miànlín yī chǎng yánzhòng de cáiwù wēijī. The company is currently facing a serious financial crisis. 政府迅速采取措施解决了这次危机。 Zhèngfǔ xùnsù cǎiqǔ cuòshī jiějuéle zhè cì wēijī. The government quickly took measures to resolve the crisis. 危机往往也是转机的开始。 Wēijī wǎngwǎng yěshì zhuǎnjī de...
演化 (yǎnhuà) — to evolve (biologically), to develop
演化 (yǎnhuà) 演化 refers primarily to biological evolution or the natural developmental processes by which organisms or systems change over long periods, and is the standard term for Darwinian evolution in Chinese scientific discourse. Meanings [verb] to evolve (biologically), to develop naturally over time [noun] (biological) evolution, natural development Example Sentences 人类是由古猿演化而来的。 Rénlèi shì yóu gǔyuán yǎnhuà ér lái de. Humans evolved from ancient apes. 生物的演化是一个漫长而复杂的过程。 Shēngwù de yǎnhuà shì...
凝练 (nínliàn) — to distill; refined and concise
凝练 (nínliàn) 凝练 describes language or expression that is both concise and dense with meaning — each word carrying concentrated depth. As a verb, it means to distill or condense ideas into compact form. As an adjective, it describes writing that is not merely brief but rich with compressed meaning. It is a high praise in Chinese literary criticism, suggesting both economy and profundity. Meanings [adj] concise and profound; refined...
概括 (gàikuò) — to generalize, to summarize
概括 (gàikuò) 概括 means to generalize or summarize, capturing the essential features or key points of something in broad, concise terms. It implies distilling complexity into a clear, representative statement. The word is used both for summarizing content and for characterizing something in a few defining terms. It is slightly more interpretive than 概述, as it often involves identifying the most salient features. Meanings [v] to generalize; to summarize; to...
推进 (tuījìn) — to advance, to push forward
推进 (tuījìn) To push something forward in a deliberate, organized way -- used for projects, reforms, and policies that require sustained effort over time. Meanings [verb] to advance, to push forward, to drive (a plan or process) Example Sentences 政府正在积极推进绿色能源改革。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài jījí tuījìn lǜsè néngyuán gǎigé. The government is actively pushing forward green energy reforms. 这个项目的推进速度超出了预期。 Zhège xiàngmù de tuījìn sùdù chāochūle yùqī. The pace at which this project...
结果 (jiéguǒ) — result
结果 (jiéguǒ) 结果 refers to the final result or outcome of an action or process. It can also function as a conjunction meaning "as a result" to link cause and outcome in narrative. Meanings [noun] Result; outcome; conclusion. [conjunction] As a result; consequently; in the end. Example Sentences 考试结果出来了吗？ Kǎoshì jiéguǒ chūlái le ma? Have the exam results come out? 他努力学习，结果考了满分。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, jiéguǒ kǎo le mǎnfēn. He studied...
进程 (jìnchéng) — process, progress
进程 (jìnchéng) 进程 refers to the course or unfolding of a process, particularly large-scale historical, political, or social processes that advance over time. It is more formal and grand-scale than 过程 (guòchéng, process/course) and implies a forward-moving trajectory. It is common in historical narrative, political analysis, and academic writing. Meanings [n] process, course (the unfolding of a historical or large-scale development) [n] progress, advancement (the degree of progress made in...
敬佩 (jìngpèi) — to admire, to have deep respect for
敬佩 (jìngpèi) Expresses a deep, heartfelt combination of respect and admiration, typically directed at a person's moral character, achievements, or perseverance. Meanings [verb] to admire deeply, to hold in high esteem, to have profound respect for Example Sentences 我非常敬佩她在逆境中坚持不懈的精神。 Wǒ fēicháng jìngpèi tā zài nìjìng zhōng jiānchí bùxiè de jīngshén. I deeply admire her unwavering spirit in the face of adversity. 同学们对这位老教授的学识和品格深感敬佩。 Tóngxuémen duì zhè wèi lǎo jiàoshòu de xuéshí...
盐 (yán) — salt
盐 (yán) 盐 means salt. It refers to the common mineral used in cooking and food seasoning, as well as in broader chemical contexts meaning salts. Meanings [noun] Salt; table salt; sodium chloride. Example Sentences 这道菜放的盐太多了。 Zhè dào cài fàng de yán tài duō le. This dish has too much salt in it. 做汤的时候要加一点儿盐。 Zuò tāng de shíhou yào jiā yīdiǎnr yán. When making soup you need to add a...
开 (kāi) — to open / to turn on
开 (kāi) A versatile verb meaning "to open," "to turn on" (a device or light), and "to drive" (a vehicle). It covers the general idea of activating or opening something. Its antonym is 关 (guān), meaning "to close" or "to turn off." Meanings [verb] To open (a door, window, a book). [verb] To turn on (a light, TV, appliance). [verb] To drive (a car, vehicle). Example Sentences 请开门。 Qǐng kāi...
预防 (yùfáng) — prevention; to prevent
预防 (yùfáng) 预防 means to prevent or take precautionary measures against something undesirable, especially illness or disaster. It is widely used in public health and safety contexts. Meanings [verb] to prevent; to take precautions against [noun] prevention; precautionary measures Example Sentences 洗手是预防传染病最有效的方法之一。 Xǐshǒu shì yùfáng chuánrǎnbìng zuì yǒuxiào de fāngfǎ zhī yī. Washing hands is one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. 政府采取了多种措施来预防流感的传播。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le duō...
读 (dú) — to read (aloud); to study
读 (dú) 读 primarily means to read aloud or to read text, and also means to study or attend school. It differs from 看 (kàn), which means to look at or read silently. 读书 can mean either "read a book" or "go to school/study." Meanings [verb] To read (aloud or with attention). [verb] To study, to attend school (in 读书 or 读大学). Example Sentences 请跟我读这个句子。 Qǐng gēn wǒ dú zhège...
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove; proof; certificate
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 is both the act of proving something through reasoning or evidence and a formal document that certifies a fact, making it a versatile word in legal, academic, and everyday administrative contexts. Meanings [verb] to prove; to demonstrate; to certify [noun] proof; certificate; certification document Example Sentences 他的成功证明了努力终将得到回报。 Tā de chénggōng zhèngmíng le nǔlì zhōng jiāng dédào huíbào. His success proves that hard work will eventually be rewarded....
准时 (zhǔnshí) — on time; punctual
准时 (zhǔnshí) 准时 means doing something exactly at the scheduled or agreed time, neither early nor late. Meanings [adj/adv] on time; punctual; at the scheduled time Example Sentences 请大家明天八点准时到达。 Qǐng dàjiā míngtiān bā diǎn zhǔnshí dàodá. Please everyone arrive on time at eight o'clock tomorrow. 他每天都准时上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān dōu zhǔnshí shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He arrives at work on time every day and is never late. 火车准时出发，一分钟都没有晚。 Huǒchē zhǔnshí chūfā,...
任务 (rènwù) — task
任务 (rènwù) 任务 refers to a task, mission, or assignment that has been given to someone and must be completed. It carries a sense of duty or responsibility. Meanings [noun] Task; mission; assignment; duty. Example Sentences 他成功地完成了任务。 Tā chénggōng de wánchéng le rènwù. He successfully completed the task. 我有一项重要任务需要完成。 Wǒ yǒu yī xiàng zhòngyào rènwù xūyào wánchéng. I have an important task to complete. 老师给我们布置了一个新任务。 Lǎoshī gěi wǒmen bùzhì le...
那 (nà) — that
那 (nà) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "that," pointing to people or things away from the speaker; its near counterpart is 这 (zhè, this). Before measure words it is sometimes pronounced nèi in fast speech. Meanings [pronoun] That (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] That (before a measure word and noun: 那 + measure word + noun). [conjunction] Then, in that case (introducing a conclusion: 那就…). Example...
难过 (nánguò) — sad; unhappy; to feel bad
难过 (nánguò) 难过 expresses the feeling of sadness, distress, or emotional discomfort, and can also describe physical discomfort. Meanings [adj] sad; unhappy; to feel bad; distressed Example Sentences 他离开的时候，我感到很难过。 Tā líkāi de shíhou, wǒ gǎndào hěn nánguò. When he left, I felt very sad. 看到别人受苦，她心里难过极了。 Kàn dào biérén shòukǔ, tā xīnlǐ nánguò jí le. Seeing others suffer, she felt extremely sad inside. 不要难过，每件事都会过去的。 Bùyào nánguò, měi jiàn shì dōu huì...
倡议 (chàngyì) — to propose, to initiate; proposal
倡议 (chàngyì) 倡议 means to propose or initiate something — to be the first to suggest or call for a collective action, especially in a public, formal, or international context. As a noun, it refers to the proposal or initiative itself. It is particularly associated with diplomatic initiatives, international cooperation, and social movements. Meanings [v] to propose; to initiate; to call for (a collective action or new approach) [n] a...
收入 (shōurù) — income; revenue; earnings
收入 (shōurù) 收入 refers to income, revenue, or earnings, meaning money received from employment, business activities, or investments. Meanings [noun] income; revenue; earnings; receipts [verb] to receive (money); to take in (income) Example Sentences 他的月收入是五千元。 Tā de yuè shōurù shì wǔqiān yuán. His monthly income is five thousand yuan. 这家公司去年的收入大幅增长。 Zhè jiā gōngsī qùnián de shōurù dàfú zēngzhǎng. This company's revenue grew significantly last year. 提高低收入群体的生活水平是政府的目标。 Tígāo dī shōurù qúntǐ...
迫切 (pòqiē) — urgent; pressing; eager
迫切 (pòqiē) 迫切 describes a feeling or situation of pressing urgency, strong eagerness, or acute need, and is commonly used in formal writing and speech to convey that something requires immediate attention. Meanings [adjective] urgent; pressing; acute (of a need or situation) [adjective] eager; keenly desirous (of a feeling) Example Sentences 解决环境污染问题是当前最迫切的任务之一。 Jiějué huánjìng wūrǎn wèntí shì dāngqián zuì pòqiē de rènwù zhī yī. Solving environmental pollution is one of...
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) — to inspire; to encourage; inspiring
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) 鼓舞 means to inspire, encourage, or uplift someone, bringing about a heightened sense of motivation and energy, and is widely used in speeches, narratives, and motivational contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to encourage; to uplift; to hearten [noun] inspiration; encouragement; an uplifting influence [adjective] inspiring; heartening (used in 令人鼓舞 constructions) Example Sentences 英雄们的事迹极大地鼓舞了全国人民的士气。 Yīngxióngmen de shìjì jídà de gǔwǔle quánguó rénmín de shìqì. The deeds...
对于 (duìyú) — regarding; with respect to; as for
对于 (duìyú) 对于 is a preposition that introduces the topic or target of a statement, meaning "regarding," "with respect to," or "as for." Meanings [preposition] Regarding; with respect to; as for (marks the subject matter of a comment or attitude). Example Sentences 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。 Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu bùtóng de kànfǎ. Regarding this problem, I have a different opinion. 对于学生来说，时间管理非常重要。 Duìyú xuésheng lái shuō, shíjiān guǎnlǐ fēicháng zhòngyào. For students,...
严谨 (yánjǐn) — rigorous; meticulous; precise
严谨 (yánjǐn) 严谨 describes a careful, thorough, and precise approach to work, scholarship, or thought, often used to praise the quality of academic work, research methodology, or a person's working style. Meanings [adjective] rigorous; meticulous; precise (describing thoroughness and care in work or thinking) [adjective] well-organized; tight; logically consistent (describing writing or argumentation) Example Sentences 这位教授的学术态度非常严谨，每一个数据都经过反复核实。 Zhè wèi jiàoshòu de xuéshù tàidù fēicháng yánjǐn, měi yī gè shùjù dōu jīngguò...
强调 (qiángdiào) — to emphasize; to stress
强调 (qiángdiào) 强调 means to emphasize or stress something, drawing special attention to it in speech or writing. It is commonly used in formal settings such as meetings, reports, and academic papers, but also appears in everyday conversation when a speaker wants to underline an important point. Meanings [verb] To emphasize; to stress; to underline the importance of. Example Sentences 老师反复强调考试时要注意审题。 Lǎoshī fǎnfù qiángdiào kǎoshì shí yào zhùyì shěntí. The...
你好 (nǐ hǎo) — hello; hi
你好 (nǐ hǎo) 你好 is the standard everyday greeting in Mandarin, equivalent to "hello" or "hi." It is used when greeting one person in an informal or neutral setting. Meanings [phrase] Hello; hi. A general greeting directed at one person. Example Sentences 你好！很高兴认识你。 Nǐ hǎo! Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ. Hello! Nice to meet you. 你好，请问你叫什么名字？ Nǐ hǎo, qǐngwèn nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? Hello, may I ask your name? A: 你好！...
需求 (xūqiú) — demand; need; requirement
需求 (xūqiú) 需求 refers to a requirement, need, or demand, whether personal, commercial, or economic. Meanings [noun] Demand; need; requirement; want. Example Sentences 市场对高技能人才的需求越来越大。 Shìchǎng duì gāo jìnéng réncái de xūqiú yuè lái yuè dà. The market's demand for highly skilled talent is growing. 这款产品满足了消费者的需求。 Zhè kuǎn chǎnpǐn mǎnzúle xiāofèizhě de xūqiú. This product meets the needs of consumers. 了解客户需求是服务的第一步。 Liǎojiě kèhù xūqiú shì fúwù de dì yī bù. Understanding...
背景 (bèijǐng) — background; context; backdrop
背景 (bèijǐng) 背景 means "background" or "context" and can refer to the visual background of a scene, the historical or social context of an event, or a person's personal background. Meanings [noun] background; backdrop (visual) [noun] context; background (of an event or situation) [noun] personal background; connections; backing Example Sentences 这张照片的背景非常漂亮。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn de bèijǐng fēicháng piàoliang. The background of this photo is very beautiful. 了解历史背景有助于理解这部电影。 Liǎojiě lìshǐ bèijǐng...
跑 (pǎo) — to run
跑 (pǎo) A verb meaning "to run." It describes moving quickly on foot and is used for running for exercise, in a race, or to escape. The character uses the 足 (foot) radical on the left, making the meaning easy to remember. Meanings [verb] To run, to jog, to sprint. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshàng pǎobù. I go running every morning. 他跑得很快。 Tā pǎo de hěn kuài. He runs...
标准 (biāozhǔn) — standard; criterion; up to standard
标准 (biāozhǔn) 标准 refers to a standard, criterion, or benchmark used to evaluate whether something meets a required level. As an adjective it means "standard" or "up to standard." It is used in quality control, language learning, and all situations where norms need to be established. Meanings [noun] Standard; criterion; benchmark; norm. [adjective] Standard; up to standard; correct. Example Sentences 这家工厂生产的产品完全符合国家质量标准。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shēngchǎn de chǎnpǐn wánquán fúhé guójiā...
来自 (láizì) — to come from; to be from
来自 (láizì) 来自 is used to express where a person or thing originates from, whether a place, a source, or a background. Meanings [verb] to come from; to be from — indicating the origin, source, or place of provenance of a person or thing Example Sentences 他来自北京。 Tā láizì Běijīng. He comes from Beijing. 这个想法来自一本书。 Zhège xiǎngfǎ láizì yī běn shū. This idea comes from a book. 班里有很多来自不同国家的学生。 Bān lǐ...
理解 (lǐjiě) — to understand; to comprehend
理解 (lǐjiě) 理解 means to understand or comprehend something at a deeper level, going beyond surface recognition to genuine comprehension. Meanings [verb] to understand; to comprehend; to grasp the meaning or significance of something [noun] understanding; comprehension Example Sentences 我完全理解你的感受。 Wǒ wánquán lǐjiě nǐ de gǎnshòu. I completely understand your feelings. 这道数学题我还没理解。 Zhè dào shùxué tí wǒ hái méi lǐjiě. I still haven't understood this math problem. 我们需要互相理解，才能更好地合作。 Wǒmen xūyào...
坐 (zuò) — to sit / to travel by
坐 (zuò) A verb with two common uses: "to sit" (to take a seated position) and "to take/ride" a vehicle. When talking about transportation, 坐 is used with buses, trains, planes, and taxis. Meanings [verb] To sit, to be seated. [verb] To take, to ride (a vehicle such as a bus, train, or plane). Example Sentences 请坐，喝点茶。 Qǐng zuò, hē diǎn chá. Please sit, have some tea. 我每天坐公共汽车上学。 Wǒ měitiān...
思维 (sīwéi) — thinking, thought
思维 (sīwéi) 思维 refers to thinking as a cognitive activity or faculty, and to the characteristic modes or patterns in which thinking operates. It is more abstract and encompassing than 思路 (a specific train of thought) and is used in psychology, education, philosophy, and everyday discourse about the mind. Meanings [n] thinking, thought (the cognitive process or faculty) [n] mode of thinking, mindset (a characteristic pattern of thought) Example Sentences...
搬 (bān) — to move (objects or residence)
搬 (bān) 搬 means to move something from one place to another, usually by carrying it. It is used both for moving objects and for moving house or residence. 搬家 (to move house) is one of the most common compounds. Meanings [verb] To move an object by carrying it from one place to another. [verb] To move house; to relocate one's residence. Example Sentences 帮我搬一下这张桌子。 Bāng wǒ bān yīxià zhè...
诠释 (quánshì) — to interpret; to explain
诠释 (quánshì) 诠释 means to interpret or explain something in a thorough, often definitive way, and is used for interpreting texts, concepts, performances, or the meaning of experiences. Meanings [verb] to interpret; to explain thoroughly; to give an interpretation of [noun] interpretation; explanation Example Sentences 这位演员用精湛的表演诠释了这个角色。 Zhè wèi yǎnyuán yòng jīngzhàn de biǎoyǎn quánshì le zhège juésè. This actor gave a superb interpretation of the character through his brilliant performance....
镜子 (jìngzi) — mirror
镜子 (jìngzi) 镜子 is the everyday word for a mirror. 镜 is the main character meaning "mirror / lens / glass" and zi is a neutral-tone noun suffix. The word can refer to any reflective mirror — bathroom, dressing room, hand mirror — and also appears in compound words related to optical lenses. Meanings [noun] Mirror; a reflective glass surface. Example Sentences 她每天早上照镜子。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang zhào jìngzi. She looks...
教育 (jiàoyù) — Education
教育 (jiàoyù) 教育 refers to the broad system and process of educating people, or the act of teaching someone proper values and knowledge. Meanings [noun] education; schooling; upbringing [verb] to educate; to instruct; to teach (values or discipline) Example Sentences 教育是国家发展的基础。 Jiàoyù shì guójiā fāzhǎn de jīchǔ. Education is the foundation of a country's development. 父母要重视对孩子的早期教育。 Fùmǔ yào zhòngshì duì háizi de zǎoqī jiàoyù. Parents should pay attention to their...
词语 (cíyǔ) — word; phrase; expression
词语 (cíyǔ) 词语 refers to individual words or set phrases in the Chinese language, often used in the context of vocabulary study. Meanings [noun] word; phrase; expression — a unit of vocabulary, including single words and fixed multi-character expressions Example Sentences 这个词语很难记。 Zhège cíyǔ hěn nán jì. This word is hard to remember. 请用这个词语造一个句子。 Qǐng yòng zhège cíyǔ zào yī gè jùzi. Please make a sentence using this word. 学习新词语需要多练习。...
通过 (tōngguò) — through; by means of; to pass
通过 (tōngguò) 通过 can mean "to pass through" a place, "to pass" an exam or vote, or "by means of" as a preposition indicating a method or channel. Meanings [preposition] Through; by means of; via (indicates the method or channel used). [verb] To pass (an exam, a law, a review); to go through. Example Sentences 他通过努力学习，终于考上了大学。 Tā tōngguò nǔlì xuéxí, zhōngyú kǎo shàng le dàxué. By studying hard, he finally...
主题 (zhǔtí) — theme; topic; subject
主题 (zhǔtí) 主题 refers to the main theme, topic, or subject of a text, speech, event, or creative work. Meanings [noun] theme, main topic, or central subject of something Example Sentences 这篇文章的主题是环境保护。 Zhè piān wénzhāng de zhǔtí shì huánjìng bǎohù. The theme of this article is environmental protection. 今天会议的主题是提高工作效率。 Jīntiān huìyì de zhǔtí shì tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ. The topic of today's meeting is improving work efficiency. 这部电影的主题非常深刻。 Zhè bù diànyǐng...
描绘 (miáohuì) — to depict; to portray
描绘 (miáohuì) 描绘 means to depict or portray something in vivid detail, whether through words, images, or other artistic means, suggesting a rich, pictorial quality of description. Meanings [verb] to depict; to portray; to describe with vivid detail [verb] to draw or paint (a scene, figure, or world) in words or images Example Sentences 这位作家善于用细腻的笔触描绘人物的内心世界。 Zhè wèi zuòjiā shànyú yòng xìnì de bǐchù miáohuì rénwù de nèixīn shìjiè. This writer...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute
可爱 (kě'ài) An adjective meaning cute, adorable, or lovable. It describes people, animals, or objects that inspire affection, often through their small size, round features, or innocent manner. Meanings [adjective] Cute, adorable, lovable (for people, animals, and things). [adjective] Charming, endearing in a sweet way. Example Sentences 这只小狗太可爱了！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu tài kě'ài le! This little dog is so adorable! 她的女儿非常可爱。 Tā de nǚ'ér fēicháng kě'ài. Her daughter is extremely...
地方 (dìfang) — place; region
地方 (dìfang) 地方 refers to a place, location, or region. It can be physical or abstract, used in both specific and general contexts. Meanings [noun] place; location; region; area Example Sentences 这个地方风景非常美。 Zhège dìfang fēngjǐng fēicháng měi. The scenery of this place is very beautiful. 你来自什么地方？ Nǐ láizì shénme dìfang? Where do you come from? 我找不到那本书放在什么地方了。 Wǒ zhǎo bù dào nà běn shū fàng zài shénme dìfang le. I cannot...
能源 (néngyyuán) — energy; energy resources
能源 (néngyuán) 能源 refers to energy resources -- the natural sources from which power can be extracted, such as coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind, and nuclear power. It is the standard term in environmental, economic, and policy discussions about power and fuel. Meanings [noun] energy; energy resources; power supply Example Sentences 全球能源转型是应对气候变化、实现碳中和目标的关键举措。 Quánqiú néngyuán zhuǎnxíng shì yìngduì qìhòu biànhuà, shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé mùbiāo de guānjiàn jǔcuò. The global energy...
优点 (yōudiǎn) — advantage / strong point / merit
优点 (yōudiǎn) Refers to a positive quality, strength, or merit of a person or object, as opposed to 缺点 (quēdiǎn, shortcoming). Meanings [noun] Advantage, strong point, merit. [noun] Virtue, positive quality (of a person). Example Sentences 这种方法的优点是简单易学。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ de yōudiǎn shì jiǎndān yì xué. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and easy to learn. 她的优点是认真负责。 Tā de yōudiǎn shì rènzhēn fùzé. Her strong point...
进行 (jìnxíng) — to carry out; to conduct
进行 (jìnxíng) 进行 is used to indicate that an activity is being carried out or is in progress, typically with more formal or planned actions. Meanings [verb] to carry out; to conduct; to undertake; to be in progress Example Sentences 会议正在进行中。 Huìyì zhèngzài jìnxíng zhōng. The meeting is currently in progress. 研究人员正在进行一项重要实验。 Yánjiū rényuán zhèngzài jìnxíng yī xiàng zhòngyào shíyàn. Researchers are conducting an important experiment. 比赛将在明天下午进行。 Bǐsài jiāng zài...
旁边 (pángbiān) — beside, next to
旁边 (pángbiān) 旁边 means beside or next to. It is a location word (localizer) placed after a noun to indicate the space immediately adjacent to something. Structure: Noun + 旁边. Meanings [noun / localizer] The side, beside, next to. Example Sentences 银行旁边有一家咖啡店。 Yínháng pángbiān yǒu yī jiā kāfēi diàn. There is a café next to the bank. 请坐在我旁边。 Qǐng zuò zài wǒ pángbiān. Please sit beside me. 书包在椅子旁边。 Shūbāo zài...
数据库 (shùjùkù) — database
数据库 (shùjùkù) An organized, structured repository of data stored electronically, designed for efficient retrieval, management, and updating -- the backbone of modern software systems. Meanings [noun] database Example Sentences 这家医院建立了一个全国联网的患者数据库。 Zhè jiā yīyuàn jiànlìle yī gè quánguó liánwǎng de huànzhě shùjùkù. This hospital has established a nationally networked patient database. 工程师需要定期备份数据库以防止数据丢失。 Gōngchéngshī xūyào dìngqī bèifèn shùjùkù yǐ fángzhǐ shùjù diūshī. Engineers need to regularly back up the database to prevent...
礼物 (lǐwù) — gift
礼物 (lǐwù) 礼物 is the standard word for a gift or present — something given to someone as a gesture of affection, celebration, or gratitude. Meanings [noun] Gift; present. Example Sentences 我给她买了一件生日礼物。 Wǒ gěi tā mǎi le yī jiàn shēngrì lǐwù. I bought her a birthday gift. 谢谢你的礼物，我非常喜欢！ Xièxiè nǐ de lǐwù, wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān! Thank you for your gift; I like it very much! 他从中国带回来了很多礼物。 Tā cóng Zhōngguó dài...
思考 (sīkǎo) — to think; to ponder
思考 (sīkǎo) 思考 means to think carefully or reflect on something -- it implies a deliberate, focused mental effort rather than casual thought. Meanings [verb] to think (carefully); to ponder; to reflect on [noun] thought; reflection; consideration Example Sentences 请认真思考这个问题。 Qǐng rènzhēn sīkǎo zhège wèntí. Please think carefully about this question. 他深思考了很久才做出决定。 Tā shēn sīkǎole hěn jiǔ cái zuòchū juédìng. He pondered for a long time before making a decision....
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the Chinese term for the internet, referring to the global network that connects computers and devices worldwide. Meanings [noun] the internet, the worldwide computer network Example Sentences 互联网改变了我们的生活方式。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. The internet has changed our way of life. 现在很多人通过互联网购物。 Xiànzài hěn duō rén tōngguò hùliánwǎng gòuwù. Many people now shop through the internet. 互联网让全世界的人可以互相交流。 Hùliánwǎng ràng quán shìjiè de rén kěyǐ...
手术 (shǒushù) — surgery; surgical operation
手术 (shǒushù) 手术 refers to a medical surgical operation, a procedure in which doctors make incisions or use instruments to treat a disease, injury, or physical condition inside the body. Meanings [noun] surgery; surgical operation; medical operation Example Sentences 医生建议她接受手术治疗，因为药物已经无法有效控制病情的发展。 Yīshēng jiànyì tā jiēshòu shǒushù zhìliáo, yīnwèi yàowù yǐjīng wúfǎ yǒuxiào kòngzhì bìngqíng de fāzhǎn. The doctor recommended surgery, as medication was no longer able to effectively control the progression...
六 (liù) — six
六 (liù) The number six; 六 is considered lucky in Chinese culture because liù sounds like 溜 (liū, smooth/flowing), suggesting things will go smoothly. It is a popular number for business names and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Six, the digit 6. Example Sentences 我们班有六十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yǒu liùshí gè xuésheng. Our class has sixty students. 六月天气很热。 Liù yuè tiānqì hěn rè. The weather in June is very hot. 这道题我做了六遍。 Zhè...
温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng) — Greenhouse effect
温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng) 温室效应 refers to the process by which greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, causing the planet's surface temperature to rise -- the primary driver of human-induced climate change. Meanings [noun phrase] greenhouse effect; the warming of the Earth's surface due to atmospheric greenhouse gases Example Sentences 温室效应是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。 Wēnshì xiàoyìng shì dǎozhì quánqiú qìhòu biànnuǎn de zhǔyào yuányīn. The greenhouse effect is the main...
除非 (chúfēi) — unless; only if; except when
除非 (chúfēi) 除非 is a conjunction meaning "unless" or "only if," used to introduce the one and only condition that would change an outcome or serve as an exception to an otherwise absolute statement. Meanings [conjunction] unless; only if; except when (introduces the single exception or the only condition under which the main clause does not apply, or under which an otherwise impossible outcome becomes possible) Usage Note 除非 introduces...
现在 (xiànzài) — now, currently
现在 (xiànzài) 现在 means now or currently, referring to the present moment. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or directly before the verb. Meanings [adverb/noun] Now, at present, currently. Example Sentences 现在几点了？ Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le? What time is it now? 我现在很忙。 Wǒ xiànzài hěn máng. I am very busy right now. 现在我们开始上课。 Xiànzài wǒmen kāishǐ shàngkè. Now let's start class. 你现在在哪里？ Nǐ xiànzài zài nǎlǐ? Where...
精神 (jīngshén) — spirit; mind; mental
精神 (jīngshén) 精神 is a versatile word meaning spirit, mind, or essence. It can refer to a person's mental state and energy, the guiding principle of a document or idea, or (as an adjective) someone who appears lively and vigorous. Meanings [noun] spirit; mind; mental state; energy [noun] essence; guiding principle (of a policy, text, or movement) [adjective] energetic; lively; sharp-looking (colloquial) Example Sentences 经过一夜的好眠，他今天精神焕发，干劲十足。 Jīngguò yī yè de hǎo...
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance
意义 (yìyì) 意义 refers to the deeper significance, value, or purpose behind something, going beyond surface-level meaning (unlike 意思 yìsi, which is more about literal meaning). Meanings [noun] meaning; significance; importance; value Example Sentences 这件事对我有很重要的意义。 Zhè jiàn shì duì wǒ yǒu hěn zhòngyào de yìyì. This matter holds great significance for me. 帮助别人是一件很有意义的事情。 Bāngzhù biérén shì yī jiàn hěn yǒu yìyì de shìqing. Helping others is a very meaningful thing....
深刻 (shēnkè) — Profound, deep, incisive
深刻 (shēnkè) 深刻 describes something that is profound, deeply meaningful, or incisive -- it is used for ideas, impressions, experiences, and analyses that go beyond the surface and leave a lasting or significant impact. Meanings [adj] profound; deep; incisive; penetrating; deeply felt Example Sentences 这部电影留给我非常深刻的印象。 Zhè bù diànyǐng liú gěi wǒ fēicháng shēnkè de yìnxiàng. This film left a very profound impression on me. 他对社会问题的分析深刻而犀利。 Tā duì shèhuì wèntí de...
不客气 (bú kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bú kèqi) 不客气 is the standard polite response to 谢谢 (thank you). It literally means "don't be polite" or "no need for formality," making it feel warmer than a simple "you're welcome." Note the tone change: 不 is normally bù (4th tone) but becomes bú (2nd tone) before another 4th-tone syllable. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it. Used as a reply to thanks. [phrase] Don't be so polite;...
不 (bù / bú) — not, no (negation)
不 (bù / bú) The primary negation word in Chinese. 不 negates actions in the present or future, habitual behaviors, states, and adjectives. It is pronounced bù in most contexts but changes to bú before fourth-tone syllables (tone sandhi). Meanings [adverb] Not. Negates verbs, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs in present, future, or general statements. 不 vs. 没: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 不. Use...
开心 (kāixīn) — happy; delighted
开心 (kāixīn) 开心 describes a feeling of happiness and delight, often in a warm, personal context. Meanings [adj] happy; delighted; in a cheerful mood Example Sentences 今天过得很开心，谢谢你们！ Jīntiān guò de hěn kāixīn, xièxiè nǐmen! Today was really fun, thank you all! 看到孩子们笑，我就开心了。 Kàn dào háizimen xiào, wǒ jiù kāixīn le. Seeing the children smile makes me happy. 希望你每天都开心快乐。 Xīwàng nǐ měitiān dōu kāixīn kuàilè. I hope you are happy and...
花 (huā) — flower; to spend (money/time)
花 (huā) 花 has two core uses: as a noun it means flower, and as a verb it means to spend money or time. Context makes the meaning clear. Both uses are common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Flower, blossom. [verb] To spend (money or time). Example Sentences 桌子上有一束花。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yī shù huā. There is a bunch of flowers on the table. 这件衣服花了我很多钱。 Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le...
跨越 (kuàyuè) — to span; to transcend; to leap across
跨越 (kuàyuè) 跨越 describes crossing over a significant boundary, gap, or obstacle, either literally or figuratively, and carries a sense of impressive achievement or advancement. Meanings [verb] to span; to bridge (a gap, period, or distance) [verb] to transcend; to leap beyond; to overcome (a barrier or limit) Example Sentences 这座大桥跨越了整条河流，连接两岸城市。 Zhè zuò dàqiáo kuàyuèle zhěng tiáo héliú, liánjiē liǎng àn chéngshì. This bridge spans the entire river, connecting cities...
热闹 (rènao) — lively / bustling
热闹 (rènao) 热闹 means lively, bustling, or full of activity and noise in a cheerful way. It describes a place or event that is busy, noisy, and full of people in a positive, festive sense. 热 means hot or enthusiastic, and 闹 means noisy or to make a commotion. Meanings [adjective] Lively; bustling; full of cheerful noise and activity. [noun] Excitement; lively scene; a bustling spectacle. Example Sentences 春节期间，街上非常热闹。 Chūnjié...
希望 (xīwàng) — to hope, hope
希望 (xīwàng) Expresses a desire for something desirable but uncertain, similar to "I hope that..." Key contrast: 希望 is used for things you hope may happen (uncertain outcome), while 想 expresses wanting something or missing someone. Meanings [verb] To hope (that something will happen). [noun] Hope, aspiration. Example Sentences 我希望你一切都好。 Wǒ xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. I hope everything is going well for you. 她希望明年去中国留学。 Tā xīwàng míngnián qù Zhōngguó...
评论 (pínglùn) — to comment; commentary
评论 (pínglùn) 评论 encompasses the act of commenting, critiquing, or reviewing something, as well as the resulting commentary itself, spanning from social media comments to professional critical analysis. Meanings [verb] to comment on; to critique; to review [noun] commentary; comment; review; critique Example Sentences 这篇影评引发了网友的热烈评论。 Zhè piān yǐngpíng yǐnfā le wǎngyǒu de rèliè pínglùn. This film review sparked lively comments from internet users. 他对这本书做了一篇深刻的评论。 Tā duì zhè běn shū zuò...
信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ) — credit card
信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ) A plastic payment card issued by a bank that allows the holder to borrow funds to make purchases, repaid later. Meanings [noun] Credit card, a bank-issued payment card on credit. Example Sentences 我可以用信用卡付款吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng xìnyòngkǎ fùkuǎn ma? Can I pay with a credit card? 他的信用卡被盗用了。 Tā de xìnyòngkǎ bèi dào yòng le. His credit card was fraudulently used. 使用信用卡要注意不要过度消费。 Shǐyòng xìnyòngkǎ yào zhùyì bùyào guòdù xiāofèi....
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient; patience
耐心 (nàixīn) 耐心 describes the ability to remain calm and composed while waiting or dealing with something slow or difficult. Meanings [adj/noun] patient; patience; the ability to endure delay or difficulty without losing composure Example Sentences 老师很耐心地给我们解释每一道题。 Lǎoshī hěn nàixīn de gěi wǒmen jiěshì měi yī dào tí. The teacher patiently explained every question to us. 做这份工作需要很大的耐心。 Zuò zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn dà de nàixīn. This job requires a...
发表 (fābiǎo) — to publish; to deliver
发表 (fābiǎo) 发表 means to publish an article or academic paper, or to deliver a speech, statement, or opinion in a formal public context, and is essential vocabulary for academic and official discourse. Meanings [verb] to publish (an article, paper, or commentary) [verb] to deliver (a speech); to make (a statement or announcement) Example Sentences 这位科学家在国际顶级期刊上发表了多篇论文。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā zài guójì dǐng jí qīkān shàng fābiǎole duō piān lùnwén. This...
满足 (mǎnzú) — to satisfy; to meet; satisfied
满足 (mǎnzú) 满足 means either to fulfill or meet a need or standard (as a verb), or to feel contentment and satisfaction with what one has (as an adjective). Meanings [verb] To satisfy, to meet, to fulfill (a need, condition, or requirement). [adjective] Satisfied, content, fulfilled. Example Sentences 这家公司努力满足客户不断变化的需求，赢得了良好的口碑。 Zhè jiā gōngsī nǔlì mǎnzú kèhù bùduàn biànhuà de xūqiú, yíngdé le liánghǎo de kǒubēi. This company works hard to meet...
创新 (chuàngxīn) — to innovate; innovation
创新 (chuàngxīn) 创新 means to innovate or bring about innovation, referring to the creation of new ideas, methods, or products that improve on what exists. Meanings [verb] to innovate, to create new approaches or ideas [noun] innovation, a new idea or method that represents an improvement Example Sentences 创新是推动社会进步的重要力量。 Chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng shèhuì jìnbù de zhòngyào lìliàng. Innovation is an important force driving social progress. 这家公司鼓励员工不断创新。 Zhè jiā gōngsī gǔlì...
规避 (guībì) — to circumvent, to evade
规避 (guībì) 规避 means to evade or circumvent — to deliberately avoid something, especially risks, legal obligations, or regulations. It implies a strategic, planned avoidance rather than accidental evasion. In legal and financial contexts, it often refers to exploiting loopholes or using legitimate means to avoid obligations. It can be neutral (risk avoidance) or negative (evading responsibility). Meanings [v] to circumvent; to evade; to avoid (risks, rules, or obligations) strategically...
考核 (kǎohé) — assessment; to evaluate
考核 (kǎohé) 考核 means to formally assess, evaluate, or appraise someone's performance, qualifications, or results against a set of criteria. It is commonly used for employee performance reviews, academic assessments, and official evaluations. Meanings [verb] to assess; to evaluate; to appraise (performance or qualifications) [noun] assessment; evaluation; appraisal Example Sentences 公司每年对员工进行一次绩效考核，结果与奖金直接挂钩。 Gōngsī měi nián duì yuángōng jìnxíng yī cì jìxiào kǎohé, jiéguǒ yǔ jiǎngjīn zhíjiē guàgōu. The company conducts an...
劣势 (lièshì) — Disadvantage
劣势 (lièshì) 劣势 refers to a position of weakness or inferiority compared to a competitor or rival. Meanings [noun] disadvantage; inferior position; the weaker side Example Sentences 我们在价格方面处于劣势。 Wǒmen zài jiàgé fāngmiàn chǔyú lièshì. We are at a disadvantage in terms of price. 了解自己的劣势才能改进。 Liǎojiě zìjǐ de lièshì cái néng gǎijìn. Only by understanding your disadvantages can you improve. 这支球队在体力上有明显劣势。 Zhè zhī qiúduì zài tǐlì shàng yǒu míngxiǎn lièshì. This...
看 (kàn) — to look at; to watch; to read
看 (kàn) 看 covers a wide range of visual activities. It means "to look at" (general), "to watch" (TV, a film, a performance), and "to read" (books, newspapers). Context makes the meaning clear. Meanings [verb] To look at, to see (directing your gaze at something). [verb] To watch (a screen, a show, a game). [verb] To read (books, newspapers, documents). Example Sentences 我晚上喜欢看电视。 Wǒ wǎnshang xǐhuān kàn diànshì. I like...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree, to consent
同意 (tóngyì) Means to agree with an opinion, or to consent to a request or plan. It can be used with a person (agree with someone) or with a proposal (agree to something). Meanings [verb] To agree, to consent, to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 他不同意这个计划。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège jìhuà. He does not agree with this plan. 你同意还是不同意？ Nǐ tóngyì...
固然 (gùrán) — of course, admittedly
固然 (gùrán) 固然 is a formal adverb used to concede a point — acknowledging that something is undeniably true — before introducing a qualification, contrast, or counterargument. It is structurally equivalent to "it is true that" or "granted that" in English. Like 诚然, it is a hallmark of nuanced, sophisticated argumentation in formal Chinese. Meanings [adv] of course, granted, admittedly (concessive, acknowledging truth before a qualification) [adv] naturally, undeniably (affirming...
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) — to transform; to change; transition
转变 (zhuǎnbiàn) 转变 means "to transform," "to change," or "transition" and describes a significant shift in nature, form, attitude, or direction. Meanings [verb] to transform; to change; to shift; to convert [noun] transformation; change; transition Example Sentences 他的态度发生了很大的转变。 Tā de tàidù fāshēng le hěn dà de zhuǎnbiàn. His attitude underwent a great transformation. 这个城市正在从工业城市向服务业城市转变。 Zhège chéngshì zhèngzài cóng gōngyè chéngshì xiàng fúwùyè chéngshì zhuǎnbiàn. This city is transforming from an...
老师 (lǎoshī) — teacher
老师 (lǎoshī) 老师 is the standard word for teacher in Chinese and is also used as a respectful form of address for educators at all levels. Meanings [noun] teacher, instructor, educator Example Sentences 她是一位非常受学生喜爱的老师。 Tā shì yī wèi fēicháng shòu xuéshēng xǐ'ài de lǎoshī. She is a teacher who is very well-liked by students. 老师鼓励我们勇于提问。 Lǎoshī gǔlì wǒmen yǒngyú tíwèn. The teacher encourages us to be bold in asking questions....
理解力 (lǐjiělì) — comprehension ability
理解力 (lǐjiělì) Strong comprehension ability is essential for reading complex academic texts at the B2 level. Meanings [noun] comprehension ability; the power to understand Example Sentences 他的理解力非常强，一遍就能学会新概念。 Tā de lǐjiělì fēicháng qiáng, yī biàn jiù néng xuéhuì xīn gàiniàn. His comprehension ability is very strong; he can grasp new concepts in one pass. 阅读训练可以有效提高学生的理解力。 Yuèdú xùnliàn kěyǐ yǒuxiào tígāo xuéshēng de lǐjiělì. Reading practice can effectively improve students' comprehension ability....
值得注意 (zhídé zhùyì) — Worth noting / noteworthy
值得注意 (zhídé zhùyì) 值得注意 is a common phrase meaning that something is worthy of attention or noteworthy — it signals the reader or listener to pay special attention. Meanings [phrase] worth noting, noteworthy, deserving attention, it should be noted that Example Sentences 值得注意的是，这项研究还没有得到证实。 Zhídé zhùyì de shì, zhè xiàng yánjiū hái méiyǒu dédào zhèngshí. It is worth noting that this research has not yet been confirmed. 有几个值得注意的问题需要讨论。 Yǒu jǐ gè...
注重 (zhùzhòng) — to attach importance to; to emphasize
注重 (zhùzhòng) 注重 means to consciously place emphasis on something, treating it as a priority worthy of care and attention. Meanings [verb] To attach importance to, to emphasize, to pay attention to, to value. Example Sentences 这家公司非常注重员工的职业发展，每年为员工提供大量培训机会。 Zhè jiā gōngsī fēicháng zhùzhòng yuángōng de zhíyè fāzhǎn, měi nián wèi yuángōng tígōng dàliàng péixùn jīhuì. This company places great emphasis on employees' professional development and provides extensive training opportunities each year....
认识 (rènshi) — to know / to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know or be acquainted with a person, or to recognize and understand something. Meanings [verb] to know (a person); to be acquainted with; to recognize [noun] understanding; cognition; knowledge Example Sentences 我认识他已经三年了。 Wǒ rènshi tā yǐjīng sān nián le. I have known him for three years already. 很高兴认识你！ Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ! Very pleased to meet you! 她对这个问题有深刻的认识。 Tā duì zhège wèntí yǒu shēnkè de...
理念 (lǐniàn) — idea, concept, philosophy
理念 (lǐniàn) 理念 refers to a guiding idea, philosophical concept, or foundational belief that underpins a system, approach, or institution. It is more principled and abstract than 想法 (idea/thought) and more concrete than 哲学 (philosophy). It is a high-frequency word in policy documents, institutional discourse, and intellectual commentary. Meanings [n] concept, guiding idea (a foundational principle behind practice) [n] philosophy, belief (a deep-seated conviction shaping one's approach) Example Sentences "以人为本"的发展理念要求政策制定者将公民福祉置于经济增长之上。...
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) — say clearly / explain clearly
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) 说清楚 is a verb-complement structure. 说 (to speak / say) is the base verb and 清楚 (clear / clearly) is the result complement, showing that the act of speaking achieves clarity. The negative form 说不清楚 means "can't explain clearly." 没说清楚 means "didn't explain clearly." Structure 说 (speak) + 清楚 (result complement: clear) = speak with the result of being clear. Other complements that can follow 说: 说完...
精彩 (jīngcǎi) — wonderful
精彩 (jīngcǎi) 精彩 describes something that is wonderful, brilliant, or spectacular — typically a performance, speech, film, or activity that stands out for its excellence and engages the audience fully. Meanings [adjective] Wonderful; brilliant; splendid; exciting; superb. Example Sentences 这部电影非常精彩，值得一看。 Zhè bù diànyǐng fēicháng jīngcǎi, zhídé yī kàn. This film is wonderful and worth watching. 他的演讲很精彩，大家都鼓掌了。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng hěn jīngcǎi, dàjiā dōu gǔzhǎng le. His speech was brilliant and...
密码 (mìmǎ) — password, code
密码 (mìmǎ) 密码 means password or secret code. It is used for login passwords, PIN codes, and secret codes in general. It is an extremely common word in the digital age and also appears in historical or spy-related contexts to mean cipher or code. Meanings [noun] password; a secret string of characters for authentication [noun] code; a secret cipher or encrypted message Example Sentences 请不要把密码告诉别人。 Qǐng bùyào bǎ mìmǎ gàosù...
给 (gěi) — to give; for (someone)
给 (gěi) 给 means "to give" as a main verb and "for" or "to" as a preposition indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action. Meanings [verb] To give; to hand over (something to someone). [preposition] For; to (indicating the recipient before the main verb). Example Sentences 我给你一本书。 Wǒ gěi nǐ yī běn shū. I give you a book. 妈妈给我做了饭。 Māma gěi wǒ zuò le fàn. Mom made food for...
短信 (duǎnxìn) — text message
短信 (duǎnxìn) 短信 means text message or SMS. 短 means short and 信 means message or letter. Together they describe the brief electronic messages sent between mobile phones. Meanings [noun] Text message; SMS; short message. Example Sentences 我给他发了一条短信。 Wǒ gěi tā fā le yī tiáo duǎnxìn. I sent him a text message. 他还没有回我的短信。 Tā hái méiyǒu huí wǒ de duǎnxìn. He hasn't replied to my text message yet. 你看到我发的短信了吗？ Nǐ...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a versatile sentence-final particle. At HSK 2 level, it appears in three main roles: making suggestions, softening assumptions, and forming tag questions. It always carries a neutral tone (ba). Meanings [particle] Suggestion or invitation: "let's..." or "shall we...?" Placed at the end of a proposal to make it sound friendly rather than commanding. [particle] Assumption or inference: "I suppose..." or "probably..." Used when the speaker thinks...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to show; performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 refers to how someone behaves or performs, and can also mean to display or show something. Meanings [verb] to show; to display; to demonstrate [noun] performance; behavior; showing Example Sentences 这个学生在课堂上表现得很好。 Zhège xuéshēng zài kètáng shàng biǎoxiàn de hěn hǎo. This student performs very well in class. 她的表现让老师非常满意。 Tā de biǎoxiàn ràng lǎoshī fēicháng mǎnyì. Her performance made the teacher very satisfied. 他想通过努力工作来表现自己的能力。 Tā xiǎng tōngguò nǔlì...
烹饪 (pēngrèn) — to cook, cooking
烹饪 (pēngrèn) 烹饪 refers to the act or art of cooking — applying techniques and heat to prepare food. It is a somewhat formal term compared to the colloquial 做饭 (zuò fàn). Meanings verb/noun to cook; cooking (the preparation of food using heat and technique) Example Sentences 她对烹饪很感兴趣。 Tā duì pēngrèn hěn gǎn xìngqù. She is very interested in cooking. 烹饪课越来越受年轻人欢迎。 Pēngrèn kè yuè lái yuè shòu niánqīngrén huānyíng. Cooking...
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) — ecosystem
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) A 生态系统 is a complex network of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a functional unit, a concept central to both environmental science and modern technology discourse. Meanings [noun] ecosystem; a self-sustaining system of organisms and their environment Example Sentences 珊瑚礁是地球上最脆弱的生态系统之一。 Shānhú jiāo shì dìqiú shàng zuì cuìruò de shēngtài xìtǒng zhī yī. Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. 人类活动正在严重破坏海洋生态系统。 Rénlèi...
限制 (xiànzhì) — to restrict; to limit; restriction
限制 (xiànzhì) 限制 means to impose or describe boundaries that prevent something from exceeding a certain level, quantity, or scope. Meanings [verb] To restrict, to limit, to constrain. [noun] A restriction, a limitation, a constraint. Example Sentences 年龄限制是申请这项奖学金的重要条件之一，申请者必须在三十五岁以下。 Niánlíng xiànzhì shì shēnqǐng zhè xiàng jiǎngxuéjīn de zhòngyào tiáojiàn zhī yī, shēnqǐng zhě bìxū zài sānshíwǔ suì yǐxià. The age restriction is one of the important conditions for applying for this...
周末 (zhōumò) — weekend
周末 (zhōumò) 周末 means weekend, referring to Saturday and Sunday. 周 means week and 末 means end, so 周末 is literally the end of the week. It is used just like "weekend" in English and appears in common expressions about free time and plans. Meanings [noun] Weekend (Saturday and Sunday). Example Sentences 这个周末你有什么计划？ Zhège zhōumò nǐ yǒu shénme jìhuà? What plans do you have this weekend? 我喜欢周末去爬山。 Wǒ xǐhuān zhōumò...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to support or back someone or something. It can be emotional support, financial backing, or endorsing an idea or decision. It is used in both personal and formal contexts. In Chinese culture expressing 支持 openly is a warm and important social gesture. Whether cheering for a friend, endorsing a coworker's proposal, or backing a charity, 支持 signals solidarity and encouragement. Meanings [verb] To support; to back;...
讨论 (tǎolùn) — to discuss; discussion
讨论 (tǎolùn) 讨论 means to discuss a topic by exchanging views among two or more people. It implies an open, interactive process aimed at exploring ideas, solving problems, or reaching a conclusion. Both the verb and noun forms are widely used in academic, professional, and everyday settings. Meanings [verb] To discuss; to deliberate; to talk over. [noun] Discussion; deliberation. Example Sentences 同学们就这个话题进行了热烈的讨论。 Tóngxuémen jiù zhège huàtí jìnxíng le rèliè de...
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy; to be allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. It is commonly used in medical consultations and everyday health conversations. Meanings [noun] allergy; an allergic condition [verb] to be allergic; to have an allergic reaction Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏，每年春天都很难受。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn, měi nián chūntiān dōu hěn nánshòu. I am allergic to pollen, and every spring is very uncomfortable for me. 他吃了海鲜之后出现了过敏反应。 Tā chī...
市场份额 (shìchǎng fèn'é) — market share
市场份额 (shìchǎng fèn'é) Market share refers to the percentage of a market's total sales or revenue that is earned by a particular company, product, or brand over a specified period. Meanings [noun phrase] market share; the portion of market controlled by a company or product Example Sentences 该公司在智能手机市场的份额已超过30%。 Gāi gōngsī zài zhìnéng shǒujī shìchǎng de fèn'é yǐ chāoguò 30%. The company's share of the smartphone market has exceeded 30%. 两家企业激烈竞争，争夺国内市场份额。...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) A hospital or medical facility where doctors treat patients. It is one of the most common public places discussed in everyday Chinese. Meanings [noun] Hospital. A building or institution providing medical and surgical treatment. Example Sentences 我去医院看病。 Wǒ qù yīyuàn kàn bìng. I am going to the hospital to see a doctor. 医院在哪里？ Yīyuàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the hospital? 她在医院工作。 Tā zài yīyuàn gōngzuò. She works at...
文体 (wéntǐ) — literary genre, style
文体 (wéntǐ) 文体 refers to the stylistic form or genre of a piece of writing, encompassing both its structural conventions and its expressive register. It is distinct from 风格 (fēnggé), which focuses on an individual author's personal style. 文体 is used in academic and educational contexts to classify texts by type, such as argumentative, narrative, or expository writing. Meanings [n] literary genre or style; the formal type and register of...
客观 (kèguān) — objective; impartial
客观 (kèguān) 客观 describes something that is objective or impartial, based on facts and evidence rather than personal opinions or emotions. Meanings [adjective] objective; impartial; unbiased; based on facts Example Sentences 我们需要客观地看待这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào kèguān de kàndài zhège wèntí. We need to look at this problem objectively. 他的评价非常客观，没有偏见。 Tā de píngjià fēicháng kèguān, méiyǒu piānjiàn. His evaluation was very objective, with no bias. 做决定时，要尽量保持客观。 Zuò juédìng shí, yào jǐnliàng bǎochí...
来 (lái) — to come
来 (lái) 来 means "to come," indicating movement toward the speaker or toward the place the speaker considers the reference point. It is the opposite of 去 (qù). Use 来 when someone is moving in your direction; use 去 when someone is moving away from you toward another place. Meanings [verb] To come (movement toward the speaker). Example Sentences 你什么时候来我家？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái wǒ jiā? When are you coming...
稳定 (wěndìng) — stable; steady; to stabilize
稳定 (wěndìng) 稳定 means stable or steady as an adjective, or to stabilize something as a verb, describing a state of balance and consistency. Meanings [adjective] stable; steady; consistent; not subject to sudden change [verb] to stabilize; to make steady or secure Example Sentences 他有一份稳定的工作和收入。 Tā yǒu yī fèn wěndìng de gōngzuò hé shōurù. He has a stable job and income. 政府采取措施稳定市场价格。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ cuòshī wěndìng shìchǎng jiàgé. The government...
电话 (diànhuà) — telephone / phone call
电话 (diànhuà) A noun meaning telephone or phone call. It combines 电 (electricity) and 话 (speech, words). In modern Chinese, 电话 most often refers to the act of calling or a phone call, rather than the physical device. For the device in your pocket, use 手机 (shǒujī). The phrase 打电话 (make a phone call) is extremely common. Meanings [noun] Telephone, phone (especially landline). [noun] Phone call. Example Sentences 我给他打了一个电话，但他没接。 Wǒ...
视频通话 (shìpín tōnghuà) — video call
视频通话 (shìpín tōnghuà) 视频通话 refers to a video call, where participants can see and hear each other in real time over the internet. It is widely used through apps like WeChat (微信) and has become a common way to stay in touch with family and friends. Meanings [noun] video call; a real-time call that transmits both audio and video Example Sentences 我每周都和父母进行视频通话。 Wǒ měi zhōu dōu hé fùmǔ jìnxíng shìpín...
反正 (fǎnzhèng) — anyway / regardless
反正 (fǎnzhèng) 反正 means anyway, regardless, or in any case. It acknowledges a prior situation but then asserts that the outcome or attitude remains the same no matter what. It often signals a speaker's firm stance or resignation. Meanings [adverb] Anyway; regardless; in any case; no matter what. Example Sentences 反正我不去，你别劝我了。 Fǎnzhèng wǒ bù qù, nǐ bié quàn wǒ le. Anyway, I'm not going. Stop trying to persuade me. 不管怎么说，反正你要来。...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan / to plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 means a plan or schedule, and as a verb means to plan or intend to do something. Meanings [noun] plan; program; schedule [verb] to plan; to intend; to schedule Example Sentences 我们需要制定一个详细的计划。 Wǒmen xūyào zhìdìng yīgè xiángxì de jìhuà. We need to make a detailed plan. 她计划明年去留学。 Tā jìhuà míngnián qù liúxué. She plans to study abroad next year. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
癌症 (áizhèng) — cancer
癌症 (áizhèng) 癌症 is the general term for cancer in Chinese. It refers to diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and is one of the most discussed serious medical conditions. Meanings [noun] cancer; a malignant disease caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells Example Sentences 早期发现癌症可以大大提高治愈率。 Zǎoqī fāxiàn áizhèng kěyǐ dàdà tígāo zhìyù lǜ. Early detection of cancer can greatly improve the cure rate. 他的父亲去年被诊断出患有肺癌症。 Tā de...
由于 (yóuyú) — due to; because of; owing to
由于 (yóuyú) 由于 means "due to," "because of," or "owing to." It introduces a cause or reason and is more formal and written than 因为. The result clause is often introduced by 所以, 因此, or 才. Meanings [preposition/conjunction] Due to; because of; owing to; as a result of — introduces the cause of a situation, often in formal or written contexts. Compare 由于 vs 因为 Word Style Notes 由于 Formal...
不但 (búdàn) — not only
不但 (búdàn) 不但 means "not only" and always introduces the first of two additive clauses. It is nearly always paired with 而且 (érqiě — but also) or 还 (hái — also) in the second clause, forming the "not only X, but also Y" pattern. Meanings [conjunction] Not only (used with 而且 or 还 in the second clause). Example Sentences 他不但聪明，而且很努力。 Tā búdàn cōngming, érqiě hěn nǔlì. He is not only...
空间 (kōngjiān) — space; room; area
空间 (kōngjiān) 空间 refers to space or room, either physical (as in a room or area) or conceptual (as in space for development or creativity). Meanings [noun] space; room; area; a three-dimensional extent or the conceptual room for something to exist or develop Example Sentences 这个房间的空间很大，住起来很舒适。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngjiān hěn dà, zhù qǐlái hěn shūshì. This room has a lot of space and is very comfortable to live in....
社会 (shèhuì) — society
社会 (shèhuì) 社会 refers to human beings collectively living in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values, and is one of the most fundamental concepts in Chinese social science discourse. Meanings [noun] society; community; the social world Example Sentences 每个公民都有责任为社会的发展做出贡献。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yǒu zérèn wèi shèhuì de fāzhǎn zuò chū gòngxiàn. Every citizen has a responsibility to contribute to the development of society. 信息技术的发展深刻地改变了现代社会的面貌。 Xìnxī jìshù de...
什么 (shénme) — what
什么 (shénme) The most versatile interrogative word in Chinese, used to ask "what" about anything: things, names, types, reasons, and more; it occupies the same sentence position as the noun it replaces. Meanings [pronoun] What (asking about identity or type of a thing). [determiner] What kind of (before a noun: 什么 + noun). [pronoun] Anything, whatever (in a negative or open-ended context). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What...
零 (líng) — zero
零 (líng) The number zero, used as a standalone digit and as a spoken placeholder between non-consecutive digits in larger numbers (e.g., 105 is 一百零五, not 一百五). Meanings [number] Zero, the digit 0. [number] Odd/fractional remainder (used in compound numbers to bridge a gap: 一百零一 = 101). Example Sentences 今天的气温是零下三度。 Jīntiān de qìwēn shì líng xià sān dù. Today's temperature is minus three degrees. 我的手机号码里有三个零。 Wǒ de shǒujī hàomǎ lǐ...
市场 (shìchǎng) — market; marketplace
市场 (shìchǎng) 市场 refers to a market in both the physical sense (a marketplace) and the economic sense (a market for goods, services, or ideas). Meanings [noun] a market; a marketplace (physical or economic) [noun] the market (economic context, such as demand and supply) Example Sentences 这家公司正在开拓海外市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zhèngzài kāituò hǎiwài shìchǎng. This company is expanding into overseas markets. 市场竞争越来越激烈。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng yuèlái yuè jīliè. Market competition is...
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) — conservative
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) 保守的 describes attitudes, policies, or people that prefer established traditions, resist rapid change, or advocate for cautious approaches. In politics it refers to right-leaning or status-quo-oriented positions; more broadly it means "cautious" or "restrained." Meanings [adj] conservative; resistant to change; cautious; traditional; restrained Example Sentences 保守的政治立场通常强调传统价值观和社会稳定。 Bǎoshǒu de zhèngzhì lìchǎng tōngcháng qiángdiào chuántǒng jiàzhíguān hé shèhuì wěndìng. Conservative political positions typically emphasize traditional values and social stability....
司法 (sīfǎ) — judicial; justice system
司法 (sīfǎ) 司法 refers to the judicial branch of government and the administration of justice, encompassing courts, judges, and the legal processes by which law is applied. Meanings [noun] the judiciary; the judicial system; administration of justice [adjective] judicial; pertaining to the justice system Example Sentences 司法独立是法治社会的基本原则。 Sīfǎ dúlì shì fǎzhì shèhuì de jīběn yuánzé. Judicial independence is a fundamental principle of a law-governed society. 他因为腐败行为而受到了司法调查。 Tā yīnwèi fǔbài xíngwéi...
自由 (zìyóu) — freedom; free
自由 (zìyóu) 自由 means freedom or liberty -- the state of being able to act, think, or move without constraint. As an adjective it describes something or someone that is free, unrestricted, or unconstrained. Meanings [noun] freedom; liberty [adjective] free; unrestricted; at liberty Example Sentences 言论自由是民主社会的基本权利之一，但也需要在法律框架内行使。 Yánlùn zìyóu shì mínzhǔ shèhuì de jīběn quánlì zhī yī, dàn yě xūyào zài fǎlǜ kuàngjià nèi xíngshǐ. Freedom of speech is one of...
云计算 (yún jìsuàn) — cloud computing
云计算 (yún jìsuàn) 云计算 refers to the delivery of computing services including storage, processing power, and software over the internet, allowing users to access resources without local hardware. Meanings [noun] cloud computing (the delivery of computing services via the internet, including storage, processing, and software) Example Sentences 云计算技术使企业能够以更低的成本获取强大的计算资源。 Yún jìsuàn jìshù shǐ qǐyè nénggòu yǐ gèng dī de chéngběn huòqǔ qiángdà de jìsuàn zīyuán. Cloud computing technology enables businesses to...
领导 (lǐngdǎo) — leader; leadership; to lead
领导 (lǐngdǎo) 领导 means "leader," "leadership," or "to lead" and refers to guiding or being in charge of a group, organization, or effort. Meanings [verb] to lead; to guide; to head [noun] leader; leadership; (a person in authority) Example Sentences 她被选为团队的领导。 Tā bèi xuǎn wéi tuánduì de lǐngdǎo. She was selected as the team leader. 好的领导要能够激励团队成员。 Hǎo de lǐngdǎo yào nénggòu jīlì tuánduì chéngyuán. A good leader must be able...
福利 (fúlì) — welfare; benefits
福利 (fúlì) 福利 refers to benefits, services, or programs designed to improve people's well-being, including both government social welfare and employee benefits provided by employers. Meanings [noun] welfare; benefits; well-being provisions Example Sentences 该公司提供了完善的员工福利，包括医疗保险和带薪假期。 Gāi gōngsī tígōng le wánshàn de yuángōng fúlì, bāokuò yīliáo bǎoxiǎn hé dài xīn jiàqī. The company offers comprehensive employee benefits including health insurance and paid leave. 政府加大了对低收入家庭的社会福利支持力度。 Zhèngfǔ jiādà le duì dīshōurù jiātíng de shèhuì...
网络 (wǎngluò) — network; internet
网络 (wǎngluò) 网络 refers to any kind of interconnected network, including computer networks and the internet, as well as social or organizational networks. Meanings [noun] network; internet — a system of interconnected elements, especially a computer network or the internet Example Sentences 这里的网络信号很差。 Zhèlǐ de wǎngluò xìnhào hěn chà. The network signal here is very poor. 网络让世界变得更小了。 Wǎngluò ràng shìjiè biàn de gèng xiǎo le. The internet has made the...
成功 (chénggōng) — success / to succeed
成功 (chénggōng) 成功 means success or to succeed. As a verb it describes the successful completion of a goal or action. As a noun it refers to the state or result of succeeding. It is one of the most motivating and frequently used words in Chinese culture. Meanings [verb] To succeed; to be successful. [noun] Success; achievement. Example Sentences 他终于成功了！ Tā zhōngyú chénggōng le! He finally succeeded! 成功需要努力和坚持。 Chénggōng xūyào...
刚 (gāng) — just / just now / barely
刚 (gāng) An adverb meaning something happened very recently (just now) or something barely meets a condition. Unlike 刚才 (gānɡcái, a time noun for the recent past), 刚 can modify ongoing and future-oriented statements. Meanings [adverb] Just, just now (action very recently completed or still fresh). [adverb] Barely, just enough (meeting a threshold exactly). Example Sentences 我刚到家，还没来得及休息。 Wǒ gāng dào jiā, hái méi láidejí xiūxi. I just got home and...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree
同意 (tóngyì) 同意 means to agree, consent, or approve. It expresses alignment with an opinion, plan, or request. It is the direct opposite of 反对 (to oppose). It can follow a subject directly and takes an object that is the thing agreed to. Meanings [verb] To agree; to consent; to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 父母同意了他的计划。 Fùmǔ tóngyì le tā de...
通过 (tōngguò) — through / pass
通过 (tōngguò) 通过 means to pass (a test, law, or checkpoint) or to achieve something through a certain means or method. As a preposition it means "by means of" or "through." Meanings [verb] To pass (an exam, vote, law, or inspection). [preposition] Through; by means of; via. Example Sentences 他通过了HSK三级考试。 Tā tōngguò le HSK sān jí kǎoshì. He passed the HSK Level 3 exam. 通过努力学习，她终于成功了。 Tōngguò nǔlì xuéxí, tā zhōngyú...
工程师 (gōngchéngshī) — engineer
工程师 (gōngchéngshī) 工程师 refers to a professional engineer -- someone trained to design, build, or maintain systems and structures. Meanings [noun] engineer (professional title) Example Sentences 他是一名软件工程师。 Tā shì yī míng ruǎnjiàn gōngchéngshī. He is a software engineer. 工程师们正在设计新桥梁。 Gōngchéngshīmen zhèngzài shèjì xīn qiáoliáng. The engineers are designing a new bridge. 我想成为一名工程师。 Wǒ xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng gōngchéngshī. I want to become an engineer. 这位工程师解决了很多难题。 Zhè wèi gōngchéngshī jiějuéle hěn...
技能 (jìnéng) — skill; ability
技能 (jìnéng) 技能 refers to a practical skill or technical ability -- something learned and developed through training and practice. Meanings [noun] skill; technical ability; competence Example Sentences 沟通技能对工作很重要。 Gōutōng jìnéng duì gōngzuò hěn zhòngyào. Communication skills are very important for work. 他有很多实用的技能。 Tā yǒu hěn duō shíyòng de jìnéng. He has many practical skills. 学习新技能可以提升竞争力。 Xuéxí xīn jìnéng kěyǐ tíshēng jìngzhēnglì. Learning new skills can boost competitiveness. 这份工作需要计算机技能。 Zhè...
确认 (quèrèn) — to confirm; to verify; confirmation
确认 (quèrèn) 确认 means to confirm or verify, establishing beyond doubt that something is accurate or agreed upon. It is used in professional communications, booking processes, agreements, and any situation where certainty is required before proceeding. Meanings [verb] To confirm; to verify; to acknowledge; to establish. [noun] Confirmation; verification. Example Sentences 请在提交申请之前，仔细确认所填写的信息是否正确。 Qǐng zài tíjiāo shēnqǐng zhīqián, zǐxì quèrèn suǒ tiánxiě de xìnxī shìfǒu zhèngquè. Please carefully verify that the...
教育 (jiàoyù) — education
教育 (jiàoyù) 教育 refers to the process of education, including teaching, learning, and the cultivation of knowledge and character. Meanings [noun] education; schooling; upbringing [verb] to educate; to teach; to instruct Example Sentences 教育是国家发展的基础。 Jiàoyù shì guójiā fāzhǎn de jīchǔ. Education is the foundation of a country's development. 他的父母非常重视孩子的教育。 Tā de fùmǔ fēicháng zhòngshì háizi de jiàoyù. His parents attach great importance to their child's education. 这所学校的教育质量很高。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào...
生产 (shēngchǎn) — to produce; production
生产 (shēngchǎn) 生产 refers to the manufacturing, creation, or output of goods and is a foundational term in economics, industry, and agriculture. Meanings [verb] to produce; to manufacture [noun] production; output Example Sentences 这家工厂每天生产数千辆汽车。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng měitiān shēngchǎn shù qiān liàng qìchē. This factory produces thousands of cars every day. 提高生产效率是企业的重要目标。 Tígāo shēngchǎn xiàolǜ shì qǐyè de zhòngyào mùbiāo. Improving production efficiency is an important goal for enterprises. 农业生产受到气候变化的严重影响。...
孕育 (yùnyù) — to nurture; to give rise to
孕育 (yùnyù) To nurture or give rise to something means to create the conditions for it to grow and develop, often used figuratively for ideas, movements, or civilizations. Meanings [verb] to nurture; to breed; to give rise to; to incubate (ideas, culture, life) Example Sentences 这片土地孕育了灿烂的古代文明。 Zhè piàn tǔdì yùnyùle càn làn de gǔdài wénmíng. This land gave rise to a brilliant ancient civilization. 良好的教育环境孕育了无数优秀人才。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù huánjìng yùnyùle...
诞生 (dànshēng) — to be born; birth
诞生 (dànshēng) 诞生 means to come into being or to be born, and is used for both the birth of notable people and, more commonly, the emergence or creation of significant things such as institutions, technologies, works of art, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to be born; to come into existence; to emerge [noun] birth; emergence; inception Example Sentences 这家公司诞生于车库，如今已成为行业巨头。 Zhè jiā gōngsī dànshēng yú chēkù, rújīn yǐ chéngle hángyè jùtóu....
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) — mental health
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) 心理健康 refers to mental and emotional wellbeing. As awareness of mental health grows in Chinese society, this term has become increasingly important in both everyday and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] mental health; psychological wellbeing; emotional health Example Sentences 我们要同样重视身体健康和心理健康。 Wǒmen yào tóngyàng zhòngshì shēntǐ jiànkāng hé xīnlǐ jiànkāng. We should pay equal attention to physical health and mental health. 长期的压力会影响一个人的心理健康。 Chángqī de yālì huì yǐngxiǎng yī gè...
对于 (duìyú) — regarding / as for
对于 (duìyú) 对于 is a formal preposition meaning regarding, as for, or with respect to. It introduces a topic that the rest of the sentence comments on. It is more formal than 对 and is common in written Chinese and speeches. The topic introduced by 对于 is the frame for the whole statement. Meanings [preposition] Regarding; as for; with respect to; concerning. Example Sentences 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。 Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu...
调配 (diàopèi) — to allocate; to deploy
调配 (diàopèi) 调配 means to distribute, allocate, or coordinate resources, personnel, or materials according to need, and is a key term in logistics, management, and supply chain contexts. Meanings [verb] to allocate; to deploy; to coordinate and distribute; to blend (in cooking/pharmacy) Example Sentences 公司根据各部门的需求合理调配人力资源。 Gōngsī gēnjù gè bùmén de xūqiú hélǐ diàopèi rénlì zīyuán. The company rationally allocates human resources according to the needs of each department. 在紧急情况下，政府迅速调配物资支援灾区。 Zài...
预计 (yùjì) — to expect; to estimate; to anticipate
预计 (yùjì) 预计 means "to expect," "to estimate," or "to anticipate" and is used when making a formal or calculated estimate about a future event or outcome. Meanings [verb] to expect; to estimate; to anticipate; to project Example Sentences 预计明年公司的利润会增加。 Yùjì míngnián gōngsī de lìrùn huì zēngjiā. It is expected that the company's profits will increase next year. 这项工程预计需要三年时间完成。 Zhè xiàng gōngchéng yùjì xūyào sān nián shíjiān wánchéng. This project...
自然 (zìrán) — nature; natural; of course
自然 (zìrán) 自然 can refer to the natural world, describe something as unforced and natural in manner, or act as an adverb meaning "of course." Meanings [noun] nature; the natural world [adj] natural; unaffected; spontaneous [adv] naturally; of course; as a matter of course Example Sentences 我们要保护大自然。 Wǒmen yào bǎohù dà zìrán. We must protect nature. 她说话的方式很自然，让人感觉很舒服。 Tā shuōhuà de fāngshì hěn zìrán, ràng rén gǎnjué hěn shūfu. The way...
宁可 (nìngkě) — would rather; prefer to
宁可 (nìngkě) 宁可 expresses a preference for one choice even if it involves some cost or sacrifice, equivalent to "would rather" or "prefer to" in English. Meanings [adverb] Would rather; prefer to (chooses one option, often the harder one, over another). Example Sentences 我宁可走路，也不想坐那辆车。 Wǒ nìngkě zǒulù, yě bù xiǎng zuò nà liàng chē. I would rather walk than ride in that car. 她宁可少睡觉，也要完成作业。 Tā nìngkě shǎo shuìjiào, yě yào...
批准 (pīzhǔn) — to approve; to authorize
批准 (pīzhǔn) 批准 means to officially approve or authorize something -- granting formal permission or endorsement, typically by a person in authority. Meanings [verb] to approve; to authorize; to sanction; to ratify Example Sentences 经理批准了我的请假申请。 Jǐnglǐ pīzhǔnle wǒ de qǐngjià shēnqǐng. The manager approved my leave application. 这个项目已经得到了政府的批准。 Zhège xiàngmù yǐjīng dédàole zhèngfǔ de pīzhǔn. This project has already received government approval. 他的申请被批准了。 Tā de shēnqǐng bèi pīzhǔn le. His...
运动 (yùndòng) — exercise / sport / movement
运动 (yùndòng) 运动 covers physical activity broadly: it can mean doing exercise, playing a sport, or engaging in a social or political movement. In everyday speech it most often refers to working out or playing sports. It functions as both a noun and a verb. Meanings [noun / verb] Exercise; physical activity; to work out. [noun] Sport; athletic event. [noun] Movement; campaign (social or political). Example Sentences 我每天早上都去运动。 Wǒ měitiān...
理解 (lǐjiě) — to understand; to comprehend; understanding
理解 (lǐjiě) 理解 means to understand or comprehend something at a deeper level, beyond surface recognition, and can also function as a noun meaning understanding or comprehension. Meanings [verb] to understand; to comprehend — to grasp the meaning, logic, or feeling behind something [noun] understanding; comprehension — the state of having grasped something deeply Example Sentences 我不太理解他的意思。 Wǒ bú tài lǐjiě tā de yìsi. I do not quite understand what...
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) — egg
鸡蛋 (jīdàn) A chicken egg. 鸡 means "chicken" and 蛋 means "egg." While 蛋 alone can mean any egg, 鸡蛋 specifically refers to hen's eggs, which are the most common in Chinese cooking. Meanings [noun] Chicken egg. The egg laid by a hen, used widely in Chinese cooking. Example Sentences 我每天早上吃一个鸡蛋。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang chī yī gè jīdàn. I eat one egg every morning. 冰箱里有鸡蛋吗？ Bīngxiāng lǐ yǒu jīdàn ma?...
触动 (chùdòng) — to touch; to move emotionally
触动 (chùdòng) 触动 means to emotionally move or stir someone, or to touch on something sensitive, and sits between the physical act of touching and the deeper sense of being emotionally affected. Meanings [verb] to move (emotionally); to stir; to touch the heart [verb] to touch; to disturb; to impinge on (something sensitive) Example Sentences 这部电影深深触动了我的内心。 Zhè bù diànyǐng shēnshēn chùdòng le wǒ de nèixīn. This film deeply moved my...