9.1 Forcing
An introduction to forcing, generic filters, forcing names, the forcing relation, and the basic extension theorem.
Tag
Independence
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Chapter 24. Limits of Formal Systems
Incompleteness, undecidability, independence, practical implications, and future directions in logic and foundations.
8.5 Independence Phenomena
Independence results in set theory, including the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis, and the methods used to establish independence.
Chapter 8. Axiomatic Systems
Axiom of Choice, equivalent formulations, constructible universe, consistency results, and independence phenomena.
2.4 Independence Phenomena
Statements that cannot be proved or refuted from a chosen axiom system, and what independence means in mathematical practice.