tag

#register

3 pages tagged

Language Learning › Learn Japanese › JLPT Levels › JLPT N1 — Advanced C1–C2 › JLPT N1 — Grammar ›

〜すら / 〜でさえ (even — register distinction)

〜すら / 〜でさえ Formality Level: すら = Literary/Formal; でさえ = Semi-formal; さえ = Neutral; でも = Casual Classical Origin: すら is one of the oldest particles in Japanese, appearing in the Man'yoshu (8th century) and Kokinwakashu (905 CE). In classical Japanese, すら marked "even X (the minimum or most unexpected element on a scale)." The Heian poet Fujiwara no Teika used it to mark extreme emotional states: "even the spring...
japanese n1 grammar jlpt すら でさえ even register May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › JLPT Levels › JLPT N3 — Pre-intermediate B1 › JLPT N3 Lessons ›

JLPT N3 Lesson 1: Formal vs. Informal Register

Overview One of the defining challenges of JLPT N3 is that you can no longer rely on a single register. At N5 and N4, you learned polite desu/masu speech as your primary mode. At N3, you must actively navigate a multi-layered system: the same thought can be expressed in at least three different registers—casual ( kudaketa ), standard polite ( teineigo ), and formal/written ( kōgo ). The distance between...
japanese n3 lesson jlpt register keigo May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Esperanto › Grammar ›

Register and Style

Esperanto Is a Living Language with Real Register Variation A common misconception about Esperanto is that it is a uniform, artificial code — that all speakers use the same style in all situations. This is false. Esperanto is a living language with a community of speakers, a literary tradition, a press, academic publications, and casual online communication. Like all living languages, it has register — systematic variation in style according...
esperanto grammar register style sociolinguistics May 30, 2026