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Language Learning › Learn Sindarin › Sindarin Lessons ›

Lesson 34: Abstract Nouns — The -as Suffix

Introduction Every language needs ways to express not just concrete things ( tree , stone , sword ) but abstract concepts: loyalty , wisdom , grief , hope , beauty . In English we turn adjectives into abstract nouns with suffixes like "-ness" ( greatness ), "-ity" ( beauty → beautifulness ), or "-hood" ( manhood , kingship ). Sindarin has its own machinery for this: the primary abstract noun...
sindarin grammar word-formation suffixes advanced May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Esperanto › Grammar ›

Affixes

Overview Affixes are one of Esperanto's most powerful features. A single set of 9 prefixes and 18+ suffixes allows you to derive thousands of words from a smaller set of roots. Crucially, these affixes are themselves roots — they can stand alone as words when given an appropriate ending. Example of productivity: From the single root labor- (work): labori (to work), laboro (work/n.), labora (working/adj.), labore (laboriously) laboristo (worker), laborejo...
esperanto grammar affixes prefixes suffixes word-building May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Sindarin › Sindarin Lessons ›

Lesson 32: Possessive & Diminutive Suffixes

Introduction Sindarin's vocabulary is not static; it grows through a rich system of derivational suffixes — endings attached to noun or verb stems to produce new words with modified or extended meanings. In Lesson 16 we studied possessive pronouns ( guren , my heart; iest lîn , your wish). In this lesson we revisit those possessive forms and then explore additional nominal suffixes: diminutives (making something smaller or more intimate),...
sindarin grammar suffixes advanced May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Sindarin › Sindarin Lessons ›

Lesson 35: Further Suffixes

Introduction Lessons 32 and 34 introduced possessive, diminutive, and abstract suffixes. This lesson extends the survey with the remaining major derivational suffixes: the augmentative -on , the tree suffix -orn , the person/male suffix -dir , the son-of suffix -ion , and the territorial suffix -an / -waith . Together, Lessons 32–35 give you a near-complete reference for Sindarin word-formation through suffixes. The highlight of this lesson is the Name...
sindarin grammar suffixes word-formation advanced May 30, 2026