系统 (xìtǒng) — systematic; system

系统 (xìtǒng)

系统 as an adjective means systematic — thorough, comprehensive, and organized according to a coherent structure. As a noun, it means a system — a set of interconnected parts functioning as a whole. At C1 level, the focus is on its adjectival use in academic and analytical contexts, as well as its role in compound nouns like 教育系统 (education system) and 系统分析 (systems analysis).

Meanings

1. [adj] systematic; comprehensive and organized
2. [n] a system; an organized set of interconnected components

Example Sentences

只有对历史问题进行系统研究，才能避免片面的历史虚无主义。 Zhǐyǒu duì lìshǐ wèntí jìnxíng xìtǒng yánjiū, cái néng bìmiǎn piànmiàn de lìshǐ xūwúzhǔyì. Only through systematic study of historical issues can we avoid one-sided historical nihilism.

现代医疗系统的高效运转依赖于多个专业部门之间的协同配合。 Xiàndài yīliáo xìtǒng de gāoxiào yùnzhuǎn yīlài yú duōgè zhuānyè bùmén zhījiān de xiétóng pèihé. The efficient operation of modern healthcare systems depends on the coordinated collaboration of multiple professional departments.

这位学者用十年时间构建了一套系统的汉语方言分类体系。 Zhè wèi xuézhě yòng shí nián shíjiān gòujiànle yī tào xìtǒng de Hànyǔ fāngyán fēnlèi tǐxì. This scholar spent ten years constructing a systematic classification system for Chinese dialects.

生态系统的破坏往往带来难以预料的连锁反应，影响深远。 Shēngtài xìtǒng de pòhuài wǎngwǎng dài lái nányǐ yùliào de liánsuǒ fǎnyìng, yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn. The destruction of ecosystems often triggers unforeseen chain reactions with far-reaching consequences.

企业需要建立系统的绩效评估机制，才能实现持续改进。 Qǐyè xūyào jiànlì xìtǒng de jìxiào pínggū jīzhì, cái néng shíxiàn chíxù gǎijìn. Enterprises need to establish a systematic performance evaluation mechanism in order to achieve continuous improvement.

知识产权保护系统的完善是激励科技创新的重要制度前提。 Zhīshichǎnquán bǎohù xìtǒng de wánshàn shì jīlì kējì chuàngxīn de zhòngyào zhìdù qiántí. The improvement of the intellectual property protection system is an important institutional prerequisite for incentivizing technological innovation.

Collocations

Usage Notes

At C1 level, the most important use of 系统 is as an adverb/adjective: 系统地 (systematically) modifies verbs like 研究 (research), 梳理 (organize), 分析 (analyze), 阐述 (expound). This construction appears constantly in academic writing: 系统地分析了… (systematically analyzed…).

As a noun, 系统 is productive in compound nouns: 政治系统 (political system), 法律系统 (legal system), 信息系统 (information system), 价值系统 (value system). In technology contexts, 系统 refers to operating systems and software systems. The key C1 nuance is understanding its use as a qualifier meaning "comprehensive, structured, thorough" — not just as a label for a system or software.

Memory Hook

系 (to connect, to link) + 统 (to unify, to govern): "linking many parts under one unified structure" — a system is coherent, organized, and interconnected.