DCC Core Vocabulary Band 1 (Words 1–200)
The 200 most frequent Latin words from the Dickinson College Commentaries core list. Learn all 200 before moving to Band 2.
How to Use Band 1
The DCC (Dickinson College Commentaries) Core Latin Vocabulary is a list of the 1,000 most frequently occurring Latin words, compiled by Christopher Francese. Knowing Band 1 (the top 200) gives you coverage of the overwhelming majority of running Latin text — these words recur constantly in Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, and Livy.
Study strategy:
- Learn all 200 words in Band 1 before moving to Band 2.
- Focus on entry forms (dictionary headwords) first, then recognize inflected forms in context.
- For verbs, memorize all four principal parts — they are the foundation for all derived forms.
- For nouns, the genitive singular and gender are essential for declension identification.
Group 1 (1–25): Top Function Words & Core Verbs
These are the absolute highest-frequency words in Latin prose and poetry. You will encounter them on virtually every page.
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | et | et | conj. / adv. | and; also, even | Coordinate conjunction; as adv. = "also, even" |
| 2 | in | in | prep. | in, on (+ abl.); into, onto (+ acc.) | Takes either ablative or accusative depending on meaning |
| 3 | est | sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | verb (irreg.) | is; he/she/it is | 3rd sg. pres. ind. of sum |
| 4 | qui | quī, quae, quod | relative pronoun / adj. | who, which, that | Also functions as interrogative adj.; declines fully |
| 5 | non | non | adv. | not | Basic negation; placed before the word it negates |
| 6 | cum | cum | prep. (+ abl.) / conj. | with; when, since, although | As conj. takes subjunctive (temporal, causal, concessive) |
| 7 | ad | ad | prep. (+ acc.) | to, toward, near, for the purpose of | Very common with place and purpose expressions |
| 8 | sed | sed | conj. | but | Adversative conjunction; stronger contrast than at |
| 9 | ex / ē | ex / ē | prep. (+ abl.) | out of, from, of | ē before consonants, ex before vowels or consonants |
| 10 | ab / ā | ab / ā | prep. (+ abl.) | from, away from; by (agent with passive) | ā before consonants, ab before vowels or consonants |
| 11 | hic | hic, haec, hoc | demonstrative pronoun / adj. | this; he, she, it (near) | Near deixis; huius, huic, hunc, hoc, etc. |
| 12 | ille | ille, illa, illud | demonstrative pronoun / adj. | that; he, she, it (far) | Far deixis; often used as 3rd-person pronoun in prose |
| 13 | sum | sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | verb (irreg.) | to be; exist | Irreg. conjugation; also links nouns/adjectives |
| 14 | possum | possum, posse, potuī | verb (irreg.) | to be able, can | Compound of pot- + sum; always takes complementary infinitive |
| 15 | dīcō | dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum | verb (3rd conj.) | to say, speak, tell | Very common; dic! (imperative) lacks final -e |
| 16 | faciō | faciō, facere, fēcī, factum | verb (3rd-iō conj.) | to do, make | Passive: fīō, fierī, factus sum (irreg.) |
| 17 | magnus | magnus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | great, large, important | Comparative: maior; superlative: maximus |
| 18 | omnis | omnis, omne | adj. (3rd decl.) | all, every, whole | i-stem; gen. pl. omnium |
| 19 | meus | meus, -a, -um | adj. (possessive) | my, mine | 1st-person possessive adj.; voc. sg. m. = mī |
| 20 | suus | suus, -a, -um | adj. (reflexive possessive) | his/her/its/their own | Reflexive: refers back to subject of clause |
| 21 | rēs | rēs, reī, f. | noun (5th decl.) | thing, matter, affair, event | rēs pūblica = republic/state; 5th decl. is uncommon |
| 22 | vir | vir, virī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | man, hero, husband | Distinguished from homō (human being) |
| 23 | populus | populus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | people, nation, people of Rome | Collective singular |
| 24 | tempus | tempus, temporis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | time, season, crisis | Consonant stem; gen. temporis |
| 25 | locus | locus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | place, position, passage (in text) | Pl. may be loca (n.) or locī (m.) depending on meaning |
Group 2 (26–50): Pronouns, Core Nouns & High-Frequency Adverbs
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | ego | ego, meī | personal pronoun | I, me | Nominative ego; gen. meī, dat. mihi, acc. mē, abl. mē |
| 27 | tū | tū, tuī | personal pronoun | you (sg.) | Nom. tū; gen. tuī, dat. tibi, acc. tē, abl. tē |
| 28 | deus | deus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | god, deity | Voc. sg. = deus; pl. nom./voc. = dī or diī |
| 29 | terra | terra, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | earth, land, ground, country | Very common in both prose and poetry |
| 30 | iam | iam | adv. | now, already, soon, by now | With present = already; with future = soon |
| 31 | nunc | nunc | adv. | now, at this time | Emphatic present moment; contrast with iam |
| 32 | tum | tum | adv. | then, at that time, thereupon | Often paired: cum … tum (both … and) |
| 33 | ubi | ubi | adv. / conj. | where; when (temporal) | As conj. temporal with indicative |
| 34 | sī | sī | conj. | if | Introduces conditional clauses |
| 35 | aut | aut | conj. | or (exclusive) | Aut … aut = either … or |
| 36 | enim | enim | conj. (postpositive) | for, because, indeed | Never first word; explanatory/causal |
| 37 | atque / ac | atque / ac | conj. | and, and also, and even | ac before consonants; atque elsewhere; adds emphasis |
| 38 | vel | vel | conj. / adv. | or (inclusive); even | Vel … vel = either … or (inclusive) |
| 39 | ita | ita | adv. | so, thus, in this way | Often with ut for result clauses |
| 40 | tam | tam | adv. | so, so much | Paired with quam = as ... as; before adjectives/adverbs |
| 41 | ut | ut | conj. / adv. | as, when (+ indic.); so that, that (+ subj.) | One of the most versatile Latin conjunctions |
| 42 | nē | nē | conj. / particle | that not, lest; not (in prohibitions) | Introduces negative purpose clauses and prohibitions |
| 43 | per | per | prep. (+ acc.) | through, throughout, by means of | Spatial and instrumental uses |
| 44 | dē | dē | prep. (+ abl.) | down from, about, concerning | Also temporal: "during the night" = dē nocte |
| 45 | prō | prō | prep. (+ abl.) | in front of, on behalf of, in exchange for, as | Wide range of meanings; context crucial |
| 46 | sub | sub | prep. | under (+ abl.); up to/under (+ acc.) | Ablative = position; accusative = motion |
| 47 | inter | inter | prep. (+ acc.) | between, among, during | Also used with reflexive: inter sē = among themselves |
| 48 | ante | ante | prep. (+ acc.) / adv. | before, in front of; previously | Both spatial and temporal |
| 49 | post | post | prep. (+ acc.) / adv. | after, behind; afterwards | Both spatial and temporal |
| 50 | super | super | prep. / adv. | over, above (+ acc./abl.); moreover | Less common than sub; more poetic |
Group 3 (51–75): More Nouns, Adjectives & Conjunctions
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | contrā | contrā | prep. (+ acc.) / adv. | against, opposite; on the contrary | Common in military and argumentative contexts |
| 52 | pars | pars, partis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | part, portion, side, direction | i-stem; gen. pl. partium |
| 53 | diēs | diēs, diēī, m./f. | noun (5th decl.) | day | Usually m.; f. when meaning "a set day, deadline" |
| 54 | annus | annus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | year | Common in dates and historical narrative |
| 55 | homō | homō, hominis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | human being, person, man | Distinguished from vir (man as male/hero) |
| 56 | caput | caput, capitis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | head; leader; capital; life | Metaphorically used for life and chief city |
| 57 | manus | manus, -ūs, f. | noun (4th decl.) | hand; band of men; handwriting | 4th decl.; gen. sg. manūs |
| 58 | iter | iter, itineris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | journey, march, route, road | Common in Caesar's military narrative |
| 59 | pater | pater, patris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | father | patrēs = senators (the "fathers") |
| 60 | māter | māter, mātris, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | mother | Parallel to pater in declension |
| 61 | fīlius | fīlius, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | son | Voc. sg. = fīlī (with single -i) |
| 62 | rēx | rēx, rēgis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | king | rēgis → stems rēg-; common in historical/epic texts |
| 63 | mīles | mīles, mīlitis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | soldier | Collective use possible: mīlitēs = the troops |
| 64 | dux | dux, ducis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | leader, general, guide | From dūcō; dux = one who leads |
| 65 | bellum | bellum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | war | Opposite of pax; bellum gerere = to wage war |
| 66 | pāx | pāx, pācis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | peace | Pacem facere = to make peace |
| 67 | vīta | vīta, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | life | Vītam agere = to live/lead a life |
| 68 | mōns | mōns, montis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | mountain, hill | i-stem; gen. pl. montium |
| 69 | flūmen | flūmen, flūminis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | river, stream | From fluō; very common in Caesar |
| 70 | urbs | urbs, urbis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | city (esp. Rome) | i-stem; urbs alone often = Rome |
| 71 | multus | multus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | much, many, numerous | Comparative: plūs (irreg.); superlative: plūrimus |
| 72 | bonus | bonus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | good, brave, noble | Comparative: melior; superlative: optimus (irreg.) |
| 73 | malus | malus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | bad, evil, wicked | Comparative: peior; superlative: pessimus (irreg.) |
| 74 | novus | novus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | new, novel, strange | rēs novae = revolution (new things) |
| 75 | vērus | vērus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | true, real, actual | Adv. vērō = indeed, in truth (also postpositive) |
Group 4 (76–100): Pronouns, Numbers & Key Adjectives
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76 | sōlus | sōlus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | alone, only, sole | Gen. sg. sōlīus; dat. sōlī (like pronouns) |
| 77 | ipse | ipse, ipsa, ipsum | intensive pronoun / adj. | himself, herself, itself, very | Adds emphasis to the word it modifies |
| 78 | īdem | īdem, eadem, idem | pronoun / adj. | the same | = is/ea/id + -dem; common in philosophy and law |
| 79 | alius | alius, -a, -aliud | adj. / pronoun | another, other (of many) | Gen. sg. alīus; dat. aliī; alius … alius = one … another |
| 80 | alter | alter, -era, -erum | adj. / pronoun | the other (of two), second | Gen. alterīus; dat. alterī; alter … alter = one … the other |
| 81 | ūnus | ūnus, -a, -um | adj. / numeral | one, single, alone | Gen. ūnīus; dat. ūnī; often emphatic = alone |
| 82 | duo | duo, duae, duo | numeral adj. | two | Irregular declension; gen. duōrum/duārum |
| 83 | trēs | trēs, tria | numeral adj. | three | i-stem; gen. pl. trium |
| 84 | ille | ille, illa, illud | demonstrative pronoun / adj. | that, those; he/she/it | (repeated for emphasis) often = 3rd-person pronoun |
| 85 | is | is, ea, id | demonstrative / personal pronoun | he, she, it; this, that | Most common 3rd-person pronoun; also antecedent of quī |
| 86 | se | suī, sibi, sē, sē | reflexive pronoun | himself, herself, itself, themselves | No nominative form; always refers to subject |
| 87 | noster | noster, nostra, nostrum | adj. (possessive) | our, ours | 1st-person pl. possessive; declines like 1st/2nd adj. |
| 88 | vester | vester, vestra, vestrum | adj. (possessive) | your (pl.), yours | 2nd-person pl. possessive |
| 89 | tālis | tālis, tāle | adj. (3rd decl.) | such, of such a kind | Often correlative: tālis … quālis = such … as |
| 90 | tantus | tantus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | so great, so large, of such size | Correlative: tantus … quantus = as great as |
| 91 | quantus | quantus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | how great, how much | Interrogative/exclamatory/relative |
| 92 | quālis | quālis, quāle | adj. (3rd decl.) | of what kind, what sort | Correlative with tālis |
| 93 | certus | certus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | certain, sure, fixed, reliable | certiōrem facere = to inform |
| 94 | longus | longus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | long, extended, tedious | Comparative: longior; superlative: longissimus |
| 95 | altus | altus, -a, -um | adj. (1st/2nd decl.) | high, deep, lofty | Same form for "high" and "deep" depending on context |
| 96 | multō | multum, adv. / multō, abl. | adv. | much, greatly, by far | multō with comparatives = by much (abl. of degree) |
| 97 | prīmus | prīmus, -a, -um | adj. (superlative) | first, foremost, earliest | Superlative of prior; prīmō = at first (adv.) |
| 98 | summus | summus, -a, -um | adj. (superlative) | highest, greatest, top of | Superlative of superus; often = top of (partitive) |
| 99 | optimus | optimus, -a, -um | adj. (superlative) | best, excellent | Superlative of bonus (irreg.) |
| 100 | maximus | maximus, -a, -um | adj. (superlative) | greatest, largest | Superlative of magnus (irreg.) |
Group 5 (101–125): High-Frequency Verbs
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | dō | dō, dare, dedī, datum | verb (1st conj.) | to give, offer, grant | Irregular: 1st conj. but short -a-; da! (imperative) |
| 102 | eō | eō, īre, iī (īvī), itum | verb (irreg.) | to go | Highly irregular conjugation; very common |
| 103 | videō | videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum | verb (2nd conj.) | to see; (passive) to seem | Passive vidētur = it seems |
| 104 | veniō | veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum | verb (4th conj.) | to come, arrive | Very common; compounds: advenīre, pervenīre |
| 105 | capiō | capiō, capere, cēpī, captum | verb (3rd-iō conj.) | to take, seize, capture | Passive: capior; i-stem of 3rd conj. |
| 106 | pōnō | pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum | verb (3rd conj.) | to put, place, set up, pitch (camp) | Castra pōnere = to pitch camp (Caesar) |
| 107 | dūcō | dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum | verb (3rd conj.) | to lead, guide, draw, consider | dūc! (imperative) lacks final -e |
| 108 | agō | agō, agere, ēgī, āctum | verb (3rd conj.) | to do, drive, discuss, spend (time) | Extremely versatile; grātiās agere = to thank |
| 109 | audiō | audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum | verb (4th conj.) | to hear, listen | Standard 4th conjugation model |
| 110 | mittō | mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum | verb (3rd conj.) | to send, let go, throw | Very common especially in Caesar |
| 111 | relinquō | relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictum | verb (3rd conj.) | to leave behind, abandon | reliquus, -a, -um (adj.) = remaining |
| 112 | ferō | ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum | verb (irreg.) | to carry, bear, endure, report | Highly irregular; fer! (imperative) |
| 113 | vincō | vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum | verb (3rd conj.) | to conquer, overcome, win | vīcī: note vowel change in perfect |
| 114 | scrībō | scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum | verb (3rd conj.) | to write | Standard literary and correspondence verb |
| 115 | quaerō | quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum | verb (3rd conj.) | to seek, ask, inquire | Often + ab + person = ask of someone |
| 116 | petō | petō, petere, petīvī, petītum | verb (3rd conj.) | to seek, aim at, attack, ask, beg | Ambiguous context: seek vs. attack vs. request |
| 117 | moneō | moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum | verb (2nd conj.) | to warn, advise, remind | Mnemonic for 2nd conjugation |
| 118 | habeō | habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum | verb (2nd conj.) | to have, hold, consider, regard | Habēre ōrātiōnem = to deliver a speech |
| 119 | amō | amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum | verb (1st conj.) | to love, like | Model verb for 1st conjugation |
| 120 | timeō | timeō, timēre, timuī | verb (2nd conj.) | to fear, be afraid of | No 4th principal part (no passive supine) |
| 121 | terreō | terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum | verb (2nd conj.) | to frighten, terrify | terror (noun) from same root |
| 122 | iubeō | iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum | verb (2nd conj.) | to order, command | + acc. + infinitive for indirect command |
| 123 | volō | volō, velle, voluī | verb (irreg.) | to wish, want, be willing | Irregular; always takes complementary infinitive |
| 124 | nōlō | nōlō, nōlle, nōluī | verb (irreg.) | to not want, be unwilling | nōlī + inf. = negative imperative |
| 125 | mālō | mālō, mālle, māluī | verb (irreg.) | to prefer, want more | Compound of magis + volō |
Group 6 (126–150): More Verbs & Essential Adverbs
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 126 | quam | quam | adv. / conj. | than; how; as (correlative) | After comparatives = than; quam + superlative = as … as possible |
| 127 | nisi | nisi | conj. | if not, unless, except | nisi sī (pleonastic) also occurs |
| 128 | modo | modo | adv. / conj. | only, just now; provided that | As conj. with subj. = provided that |
| 129 | saepe | saepe | adv. | often, frequently | Comparative: saepius; superlative: saepissimē |
| 130 | semper | semper | adv. | always, ever | Very common in poetry and philosophical prose |
| 131 | numquam | numquam | adv. | never | = non + umquam; negates time |
| 132 | tamen | tamen | adv. / conj. | nevertheless, however, yet | Concessive; often follows a concessive clause |
| 133 | ergō | ergō | conj. / adv. | therefore, consequently | Logical conclusion marker |
| 134 | igitur | igitur | conj. (postpositive) | therefore, then, accordingly | Never first word in a clause |
| 135 | autem | autem | conj. (postpositive) | but, however, moreover | Weaker adversative than sed; never first |
| 136 | nam | nam | conj. | for, indeed, now | Causal/explanatory; often begins a clause |
| 137 | itaque | itaque | conj. | and so, therefore, accordingly | Consequential; can begin a sentence |
| 138 | nōn sōlum … sed etiam | (phrase) | phrase | not only … but also | Fixed rhetorical formula |
| 139 | quoque | quoque | adv. (postpositive) | also, too, even | Follows the word it emphasizes |
| 140 | iam nōn | (phrase) | phrase | no longer | Temporal negation of ongoing action |
| 141 | valdē | valdē | adv. | very, greatly, strongly | Common intensifier in Cicero |
| 142 | sīc | sīc | adv. | so, thus, in this way | Often introduces a direct illustration |
| 143 | nōn iam | (phrase) | phrase | no longer | = already not |
| 144 | parum | parum | adv. | too little, insufficiently | Comparative: minus; superlative: minimē |
| 145 | bene | bene | adv. | well, rightly | Comparative: melius; superlative: optimē (irreg.) |
| 146 | male | male | adv. | badly, wrongly, poorly | Comparative: pēius; superlative: pessimē (irreg.) |
| 147 | magnopere | magnopere | adv. | greatly, exceedingly | Comparative: magis; superlative: maximē |
| 148 | prius | prius | adv. | before, first, previously | Comparative of prior; priusquam = before (conj.) |
| 149 | statim | statim | adv. | immediately, at once | Common in narrative (esp. Caesar, Livy) |
| 150 | tandem | tandem | adv. | finally, at last; pray, tell me | In questions: tandem = pray, I ask |
Group 7 (151–175): Important Nouns & More Verbs
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 151 | aqua | aqua, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | water | aqua et ignis interdictio = exile formula |
| 152 | navis | nāvis, nāvis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | ship | i-stem; gen. pl. nāvium; nāvis longa = warship |
| 153 | castra | castra, -ōrum, n. pl. | noun (2nd decl.) | camp (military) | Always plural; castra pōnere = to pitch camp |
| 154 | porta | porta, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | gate, entrance, door | portus (harbor) is different word |
| 155 | cōpia | cōpia, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | abundance, supply; (pl.) troops, forces | cōpiae = military forces |
| 156 | signum | signum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | sign, signal, standard, image | Signum dare = to give the signal |
| 157 | nōmen | nōmen, nōminis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | name, fame, reputation | Nōmine = by name |
| 158 | ōrātiō | ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | speech, oration, language | ōrātiōnem habēre = to deliver a speech |
| 159 | lēx | lēx, lēgis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | law, rule, condition | lēgem ferre = to propose a law |
| 160 | ius | iūs, iūris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | right, law, justice, authority | iūre = rightly (adv.); iūs dīcere = to administer justice |
| 161 | genus | genus, generis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | race, kind, type, birth, family | Neutral stem; gen. generis |
| 162 | corpus | corpus, corporis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | body, physical being | Corporis = gen. sg.; neuter consonant stem |
| 163 | liber | liber, librī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | book, volume | Distinguished from līber (free) by vowel length |
| 164 | amor | amor, amōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | love, desire, passion | From amō; amōris = gen. sg. |
| 165 | virtūs | virtūs, virtūtis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | virtue, courage, excellence, character | Central Roman value; from vir |
| 166 | mors | mors, mortis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | death | i-stem; gen. pl. mortium |
| 167 | glōria | glōria, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | glory, fame, renown | Core value in Roman culture |
| 168 | imperium | imperium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | command, power, rule, empire | Holder = imperātor |
| 169 | senātus | senātus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | senate | 4th decl.; senātūs = gen. sg. |
| 170 | exercitus | exercitus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | army | 4th decl.; from exerceō |
| 171 | cīvis | cīvis, cīvis, m./f. | noun (3rd decl.) | citizen | i-stem; cīvitās = state (from cīvis) |
| 172 | hostis | hostis, hostis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | enemy (public/foreign) | Distinguished from inimīcus (personal enemy) |
| 173 | amīcus | amīcus, -ī, m. | noun / adj. (2nd decl.) | friend; friendly | As adj.: amīcus, -a, -um |
| 174 | fīlia | fīlia, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | daughter | Dat./abl. pl. fīliābus (to distinguish from fīliīs) |
| 175 | frāter | frāter, frātris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | brother | gen. frātris; parallel to pater/māter |
Group 8 (176–200): Rounding Out Band 1
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 176 | ōs | ōs, ōris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | mouth, face, speech | Distinguished from os, ossis (bone) by vowel length |
| 177 | nox | nox, noctis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | night | i-stem; gen. pl. noctium; noctu = by night (adv.) |
| 178 | oculus | oculus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | eye | Very common in poetry; oculus = sight metaphorically |
| 179 | via | via, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | road, way, path, method | Viā = by way of (adv./prep. use) |
| 180 | silva | silva, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | forest, wood, trees | Common in Virgil and pastoral contexts |
| 181 | fīnis | fīnis, fīnis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | end, boundary, limit; (pl.) territory | fīnēs = borders/territory in Caesar |
| 182 | cōnsul | cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | consul | Highest Roman magistrate; annual, two per year |
| 183 | ratiō | ratiō, ratiōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | reason, account, method, plan | ratiōnem habēre = to take into account |
| 184 | condiciō | condiciō, condiciōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | condition, terms, situation | condiciōnēs pācis = peace terms |
| 185 | initium | initium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | beginning, start | initiō = at the beginning (abl.) |
| 186 | modus | modus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | manner, measure, method, limit | quō modō = in what way, how |
| 187 | cūra | cūra, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | care, concern, attention, worry | cūram gerere = to take care of |
| 188 | periculum | periculum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | danger, risk, trial | Perīculum adīre = to face danger |
| 189 | memoria | memoria, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | memory, recollection | Memoriā tenēre = to keep in mind |
| 190 | fortūna | fortūna, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | fortune, luck, fate, chance | Often personified as a goddess |
| 191 | cīvitās | cīvitās, cīvitātis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | state, city-state, citizenship | Broad political term; cīvitātem dare = to grant citizenship |
| 192 | regnum | regnum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | kingdom, royal power, tyranny | Often pejorative at Rome |
| 193 | pugna | pugna, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | fight, battle, combat | Distinguished from proelium (larger engagement) |
| 194 | proelium | proelium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | battle, engagement | Proelium committere = to join battle |
| 195 | cōnsilium | cōnsilium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | plan, advice, counsel, council | Cōnsilium capere/inīre = to form a plan |
| 196 | narrō | narrō, narrāre, narrāvī, narrātum | verb (1st conj.) | to tell, narrate, relate | Common in historiography and story-telling |
| 197 | moveō | moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum | verb (2nd conj.) | to move, stir, affect, rouse | castra movēre = to break camp |
| 198 | teneō | teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum | verb (2nd conj.) | to hold, keep, possess, restrain | memoriā tenēre = to remember |
| 199 | currō | currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum | verb (3rd conj.) | to run, hurry, move quickly | Reduplicated perfect: cucurrī |
| 200 | cōgō | cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum | verb (3rd conj.) | to drive together, compel, force | Compound: com- + agō |
Summary & Next Steps
You have now studied 200 words — the foundation of Latin reading fluency. A few key takeaways:
- Irregular verbs to master now: sum/esse, possum/posse, eō/īre, ferō/ferre, volō/velle, nōlō/nōlle, mālō/mālle, faciō (passive fīō)
- Key noun patterns: 1st decl. (-ae), 2nd decl. (-ī), 3rd decl. (consonant and i-stems), 4th decl. (-ūs), 5th decl. (-eī)
- Prepositions: memorize which take accusative, which take ablative, and which take both
- Postpositive conjunctions (enim, autem, igitur, quoque) never appear first in their clause
When you can recognize all 200 words in inflected forms in running text, proceed to Band 2 (Words 201–400).