DCC Core Vocabulary Band 2 (Words 201–500)
Words 201–500 from the DCC Latin Core list — the next 300 most frequent Latin words after Band 1. Complete before moving to Band 3.
Band 2 covers words ranked 201–500 in the DCC Latin Core — the high-frequency vocabulary that unlocks fluent reading of Caesar, Cicero, Livy, and Virgil. Master these after Band 1 is solid. The 300 words here are grouped in sets of 50 for spaced-repetition chunking.
Group 1 — Words 201–250: More Core Verbs
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 | currō | currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum | verb (3rd conj.) | to run, hasten |
| 202 | capiō | capiō, capere, cēpī, captum | verb (3rd-io conj.) | to take, seize, capture |
| 203 | servō | servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum | verb (1st conj.) | to save, keep, preserve, guard |
| 204 | constituō | constituō, constituere, constituī, constitūtum | verb (3rd conj.) | to set up, establish, decide |
| 205 | perveniō | perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum | verb (4th conj.) | to arrive at, reach |
| 206 | intellegō | intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum | verb (3rd conj.) | to understand, perceive |
| 207 | cognōscō | cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitum | verb (3rd conj.) | to learn, come to know, recognize |
| 208 | ostendō | ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum | verb (3rd conj.) | to show, display, point out |
| 209 | accipiō | accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum | verb (3rd-io conj.) | to receive, accept, hear |
| 210 | moveō | moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum | verb (2nd conj.) | to move, stir, affect |
| 211 | maneō | maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum | verb (2nd conj.) | to remain, stay, wait |
| 212 | parō | parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum | verb (1st conj.) | to prepare, provide, acquire |
| 213 | imperō | imperō, imperāre, imperāvī, imperātum | verb (1st conj.) | to order, command; rule (+ dat.) |
| 214 | rapiō | rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum | verb (3rd-io conj.) | to seize, snatch, carry off |
| 215 | cadō | cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum | verb (3rd conj.) | to fall, die, happen |
| 216 | spērō | spērō, spērāre, spērāvī, spērātum | verb (1st conj.) | to hope, expect |
| 217 | timeō | timeō, timēre, timuī | verb (2nd conj.) | to fear, be afraid of |
| 218 | gaudeō | gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum | verb (2nd conj., semideponent) | to rejoice, be glad |
| 219 | ardeō | ardeō, ardēre, ārsī, ārsum | verb (2nd conj.) | to burn, blaze; be eager |
| 220 | valeō | valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum | verb (2nd conj.) | to be strong, be well; fare well |
| 221 | narrō | narrō, narrāre, narrāvī, narrātum | verb (1st conj.) | to tell, relate, narrate |
| 222 | cōgitō | cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum | verb (1st conj.) | to think, reflect, plan |
| 223 | putō | putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum | verb (1st conj.) | to think, suppose, reckon |
| 224 | crēdō | crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum | verb (3rd conj.) | to believe, trust (+ dat.) |
| 225 | cōnor | cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum | verb (1st conj., deponent) | to try, attempt |
| 226 | loquor | loquor, loquī, locūtus sum | verb (3rd conj., deponent) | to speak, talk, say |
| 227 | proficīscor | proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum | verb (3rd conj., deponent) | to set out, depart |
| 228 | sequor | sequor, sequī, secūtus sum | verb (3rd conj., deponent) | to follow, pursue |
| 229 | patior | patior, patī, passus sum | verb (3rd-io conj., deponent) | to suffer, endure, allow |
| 230 | morior | morior, morī, mortuus sum | verb (3rd-io conj., deponent) | to die |
| 231 | vertō | vertō, vertere, vertī, versum | verb (3rd conj.) | to turn; translate |
| 232 | vincō | vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum | verb (3rd conj.) | to conquer, defeat, win |
| 233 | pellō | pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum | verb (3rd conj.) | to drive, beat, repel |
| 234 | mittō | mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum | verb (3rd conj.) | to send; let go, release |
| 235 | trādō | trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum | verb (3rd conj.) | to hand over, transmit, relate |
| 236 | abdūcō | abdūcō, abdūcere, abdūxī, abductum | verb (3rd conj.) | to lead away, take away |
| 237 | adūnō | — | — | — |
| 237 | addūcō | addūcō, addūcere, addūxī, adductum | verb (3rd conj.) | to lead to, bring; induce |
| 238 | redūcō | redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, reductum | verb (3rd conj.) | to lead back, bring back |
| 239 | agō | agō, agere, ēgī, āctum | verb (3rd conj.) | to drive, do, act; spend (time) |
| 240 | cōgō | cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum | verb (3rd conj.) | to force, compel; collect |
| 241 | gerō | gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum | verb (3rd conj.) | to carry, bear; wage (war); wear |
| 242 | pōnō | pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum | verb (3rd conj.) | to put, place, set; lay aside |
| 243 | exponō | expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositum | verb (3rd conj.) | to set out, explain; disembark |
| 244 | impōnō | impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositum | verb (3rd conj.) | to place upon, impose |
| 245 | prōpōnō | prōpōnō, prōpōnere, prōposuī, prōpositum | verb (3rd conj.) | to set forth, propose, display |
| 246 | permittō | permittō, permittere, permīsī, permissum | verb (3rd conj.) | to allow, permit; entrust |
| 247 | committō | committō, committere, commīsī, commissum | verb (3rd conj.) | to join, commit; entrust |
| 248 | dēmittō | dēmittō, dēmittere, dēmīsī, dēmissum | verb (3rd conj.) | to send down, lower; drop |
| 249 | remittō | remittō, remittere, remīsī, remissum | verb (3rd conj.) | to send back; relax; forgive |
| 250 | amittō | amittō, amittere, āmīsī, āmissum | verb (3rd conj.) | to lose, let go |
Group 2 — Words 251–300: Military and Political Nouns
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 251 | exercitus | exercitus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | army |
| 252 | legiō | legiō, legiōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | legion (unit of ~4,000–6,000 soldiers) |
| 253 | hostis | hostis, hostis, m./f. | noun (3rd decl.) | enemy (public/foreign), foe |
| 254 | cīvitās | cīvitās, cīvitātis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | state, city-state; citizenship |
| 255 | senātus | senātus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | senate |
| 256 | cōnsul | cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | consul (chief magistrate) |
| 257 | imperātor | imperātor, imperātōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | general, commander; emperor |
| 258 | prōvincia | prōvincia, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | province; area of responsibility |
| 259 | tribūnus | tribūnus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | tribune (military or political officer) |
| 260 | porta | porta, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | gate, door |
| 261 | mūrus | mūrus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | wall (of a city or camp) |
| 262 | oppidum | oppidum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | town (fortified) |
| 263 | nāvis | nāvis, nāvis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | ship, vessel |
| 264 | iter | iter, itineris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | journey, route, march |
| 265 | castra | castra, -ōrum, n. pl. | noun (2nd decl., plural) | camp (military) |
| 266 | signum | signum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | sign, signal; military standard; seal |
| 267 | numerus | numerus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | number; troop |
| 268 | pars | pars, partis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | part, portion; direction; side |
| 269 | ōrdō | ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | row, rank, order; social class |
| 270 | acies | aciēs, -ēī, f. | noun (5th decl.) | line of battle; sharpness; gaze |
| 271 | mīles | mīles, mīlitis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | soldier |
| 272 | dux | dux, ducis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | leader, general, guide |
| 273 | rēx | rēx, rēgis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | king |
| 274 | rēgnum | rēgnum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | kingdom, kingship, power |
| 275 | imperium | imperium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | power of command; empire |
| 276 | bellum | bellum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | war |
| 277 | proelium | proelium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | battle, combat |
| 278 | pāx | pāx, pācis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | peace |
| 279 | fīnis | fīnis, fīnis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | end, boundary; (pl.) territory |
| 280 | lēgātus | lēgātus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | envoy, legate; deputy commander |
| 281 | socius | socius, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | ally, companion, partner |
| 282 | auxilium | auxilium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | help, aid; (pl.) auxiliary troops |
| 283 | cōpia | cōpia, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | supply, abundance; (pl.) forces, troops |
| 284 | ōrātor | ōrātor, ōrātōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | speaker, orator |
| 285 | lēx | lēx, lēgis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | law, statute, condition |
| 286 | iūs | iūs, iūris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | right, law, justice |
| 287 | iniūria | iniūria, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | wrong, injustice, injury |
| 288 | causa | causa, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | cause, reason; case (legal); abl. w/ gen. = for the sake of |
| 289 | ratiō | ratiō, ratiōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | reason, plan, method; account |
| 290 | cōnsilium | cōnsilium, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | plan, advice, deliberation; council |
| 291 | ōrātiō | ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | speech, oration |
| 292 | litterae | litterae, -ārum, f. pl. | noun (1st decl., plural) | letter (epistle); letters, literature |
| 293 | periculum | periculum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | danger, risk; trial |
| 294 | cōpia | — | — | (see 283) |
| 294 | opēs | opēs, opum, f. pl. | noun (3rd decl., plural) | wealth, resources, power |
| 295 | vīs | vīs, (vim, vī), f. | noun (irreg. 3rd decl.) | force, violence, power; (pl. vīrēs) strength |
| 296 | mors | mors, mortis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | death |
| 297 | vīta | vīta, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | life |
| 298 | salūs | salūs, salūtis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | safety, welfare, greeting |
| 299 | spēs | spēs, speī, f. | noun (5th decl.) | hope, expectation |
| 300 | fidēs | fidēs, fideī, f. | noun (5th decl.) | faith, trust, loyalty, pledge |
Group 3 — Words 301–350: Abstract Nouns and Values
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 301 | virtūs | virtūs, virtūtis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | courage, virtue, excellence |
| 302 | glōria | glōria, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | glory, fame, renown |
| 303 | honōs | honōs (honor), honōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | honor, respect; office |
| 304 | lūx | lūx, lūcis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | light; daylight; life |
| 305 | nox | nox, noctis, f. | noun (3rd decl.) | night |
| 306 | animus | animus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | mind, spirit, soul; courage; (pl.) pride |
| 307 | memoria | memoria, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | memory, recollection |
| 308 | nātūra | nātūra, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | nature, character |
| 309 | fortūna | fortūna, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | fortune, luck, fate |
| 310 | fāma | fāma, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | fame, reputation; rumor, report |
| 311 | amor | amor, amōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | love, desire |
| 312 | timor | timor, timōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | fear, anxiety |
| 313 | dolor | dolor, dolōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | pain, grief, anguish |
| 314 | labor | labor, labōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | labor, toil, hardship |
| 315 | error | error, errōris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | wandering; error, mistake |
| 316 | metus | metus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | fear, dread |
| 317 | cursus | cursus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | running, course, journey |
| 318 | usus | ūsus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | use, practice, experience |
| 319 | adventus | adventus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | arrival, approach |
| 320 | reditus | reditus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | return; revenue |
| 321 | motus | mōtus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | movement, motion; uprising |
| 322 | cāsus | cāsus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | fall; chance, accident; case (gram.) |
| 323 | gradus | gradus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | step, degree, rank |
| 324 | sensum | sēnsus, -ūs, m. | noun (4th decl.) | sense, feeling, opinion |
| 325 | pars | — | — | (see 268) |
| 325 | genus | genus, generis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | birth, origin; kind, type, race |
| 326 | corpus | corpus, corporis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | body |
| 327 | tempus | tempus, temporis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | time; occasion; (pl.) times, circumstances |
| 328 | nōmen | nōmen, nōminis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | name; reputation; noun (gram.) |
| 329 | caput | caput, capitis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | head; life; chief city; top |
| 330 | flūmen | flūmen, flūminis, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | river, stream |
| 331 | mare | mare, maris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | sea |
| 332 | terga | tergum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | back (of body); rear |
| 333 | latus | latus, lateris, n. | noun (3rd decl.) | side, flank |
| 334 | agger | agger, aggeris, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | rampart, mound, embankment |
| 335 | fossa | fossa, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | ditch, trench |
| 336 | pons | pōns, pontis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | bridge |
| 337 | via | via, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | road, way, street; method |
| 338 | silva | silva, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | forest, wood |
| 339 | campus | campus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | plain, field; the Campus Martius |
| 340 | ager | ager, agrī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | field, land, territory |
| 341 | mōns | mōns, montis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | mountain, hill |
| 342 | collis | collis, collis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | hill |
| 343 | aqua | aqua, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | water |
| 344 | ignis | ignis, ignis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | fire |
| 345 | ventus | ventus, -ī, m. | noun (2nd decl.) | wind |
| 346 | caelum | caelum, -ī, n. | noun (2nd decl.) | sky, heaven; weather |
| 347 | terra | terra, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | earth, land, ground |
| 348 | orbis | orbis, orbis, m. | noun (3rd decl.) | circle, orbit; orbis terrārum = the world |
| 349 | rīpa | rīpa, -ae, f. | noun (1st decl.) | bank (of a river) |
| 350 | fīnis | — | — | (see 279) |
Group 4 — Words 351–400: Key Adjectives
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 351 | fortis | fortis, forte | adjective (3rd decl.) | brave, strong |
| 352 | fēlīx | fēlīx, fēlīcis | adjective (3rd decl.) | happy, fortunate, lucky |
| 353 | ācer | ācer, ācris, ācre | adjective (3rd decl.) | sharp, keen, fierce, eager |
| 354 | gravis | gravis, grave | adjective (3rd decl.) | heavy, serious, grave, severe |
| 355 | brevis | brevis, breve | adjective (3rd decl.) | short, brief, small |
| 356 | levis | levis, leve | adjective (3rd decl.) | light (in weight); trivial; swift |
| 357 | dulcis | dulcis, dulce | adjective (3rd decl.) | sweet, pleasant, dear |
| 358 | trīstis | trīstis, trīste | adjective (3rd decl.) | sad, gloomy, harsh |
| 359 | sacer | sacer, sacra, sacrum | adjective (2nd decl.) | sacred, holy; accursed |
| 360 | miser | miser, misera, miserum | adjective (2nd decl.) | wretched, unhappy, poor |
| 361 | līber | līber, lībera, līberum | adjective (2nd decl.) | free |
| 362 | dignus | dignus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | worthy, deserving (+ abl.) |
| 363 | indīgnus | indīgnus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | unworthy, undeserved, shameful |
| 364 | antīquus | antīquus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | ancient, old, former |
| 365 | aeternus | aeternus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | eternal, everlasting |
| 366 | immortālis | immortālis, immortāle | adjective (3rd decl.) | immortal |
| 367 | mortālis | mortālis, mortāle | adjective (3rd decl.) | mortal, human |
| 368 | hūmānus | hūmānus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | human; humane, civilized |
| 369 | dīvīnus | dīvīnus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | divine, of the gods |
| 370 | pūblicus | pūblicus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | public, of the state |
| 371 | prīvātus | prīvātus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | private, personal; as noun: private citizen |
| 372 | mīlitāris | mīlitāris, mīlitāre | adjective (3rd decl.) | military, of a soldier |
| 373 | cīvīlis | cīvīlis, cīvīle | adjective (3rd decl.) | civil, civic, of citizens |
| 374 | nōbilis | nōbilis, nōbile | adjective (3rd decl.) | noble, well-known, famous |
| 375 | ignōbilis | ignōbilis, ignōbile | adjective (3rd decl.) | of low birth, unknown, ignoble |
| 376 | fidēlis | fidēlis, fidēle | adjective (3rd decl.) | faithful, loyal, trustworthy |
| 377 | similis | similis, simile | adjective (3rd decl.) | like, similar (+ gen. or dat.) |
| 378 | dissimilis | dissimilis, dissimile | adjective (3rd decl.) | unlike, different |
| 379 | facilis | facilis, facile | adjective (3rd decl.) | easy |
| 380 | difficilis | difficilis, difficile | adjective (3rd decl.) | difficult, hard |
| 381 | ūtilis | ūtilis, ūtile | adjective (3rd decl.) | useful, beneficial |
| 382 | inutilis | inutilis, inutile | adjective (3rd decl.) | useless, harmful |
| 383 | clārus | clārus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | clear, bright; famous, illustrious |
| 384 | obscūrus | obscūrus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | dark, obscure, unknown |
| 385 | certus | certus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | certain, sure, fixed |
| 386 | incertus | incertus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | uncertain, doubtful |
| 387 | vērus | vērus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | true, real; right |
| 388 | falsus | falsus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | false, deceptive; wrong |
| 389 | tūtus | tūtus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | safe, protected |
| 390 | altus | altus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | high, deep; lofty; noble |
| 391 | lātus | lātus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | wide, broad |
| 392 | longus | longus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | long |
| 393 | tardus | tardus, -a, -um | adjective (2nd decl.) | slow, late; dull |
| 394 | celer | celer, celeris, celere | adjective (3rd decl.) | swift, quick, fast |
| 395 | ingens | ingēns, ingentis | adjective (3rd decl.) | huge, vast, mighty |
| 396 | potēns | potēns, potentis | adjective (3rd decl.) | powerful, able (+ gen.) |
| 397 | recēns | recēns, recentis | adjective (3rd decl.) | fresh, recent, new |
| 398 | prūdēns | prūdēns, prūdentis | adjective (3rd decl.) | wise, prudent, experienced |
| 399 | ardens | ardēns, ardentis | adjective (3rd decl.) | burning, fiery, eager |
| 400 | patiens | patiēns, patientis | adjective (3rd decl.) | patient, enduring (+ gen.) |
Group 5 — Words 401–450: Pronouns, Determiners, and Quantifiers
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 401 | quisque | quisque, quaeque, quidque | indefinite pronoun | each, every one |
| 402 | aliquis | aliquis, aliquid | indefinite pronoun | someone, something; some, any |
| 403 | quivis | quīvis, quaevis, quidvis | indefinite pronoun | anyone (you like), anything |
| 404 | ipse | ipse, ipsa, ipsum | intensive pronoun | -self, the very (e.g., ipse rēx = the king himself) |
| 405 | idem | idem, eadem, idem | demonstrative pronoun | the same |
| 406 | nēmō | nēmō, nēminis, m./f. | pronoun/noun | no one, nobody |
| 407 | nihil | nihil (indecl.) | pronoun/noun | nothing |
| 408 | quis | quis, quid | interrogative pronoun | who? what? |
| 409 | quālis | quālis, quāle | relative/interrogative adj. | of what kind? such as |
| 410 | quantus | quantus, -a, -um | relative/interrogative adj. | how great? how much? as great as |
| 411 | quantum | quantum (adv./n.) | adverb | how much, as much as |
| 412 | quotiēns | quotiēns | adverb | how often, as often as |
| 413 | uter | uter, utra, utrum | pronoun/adjective | which (of two)? whichever |
| 414 | uterque | uterque, utraque, utrumque | pronoun/adjective | each (of two), both |
| 415 | alter | alter, altera, alterum | pronoun/adjective | one (of two); the other |
| 416 | alius | alius, alia, aliud | pronoun/adjective | another, other (of several) |
| 417 | ceteri | cēterī, -ae, -a | adjective (pl.) | the rest, the others |
| 418 | nūllus | nūllus, -a, -um | adjective (pronominal) | no, none |
| 419 | sōlus | sōlus, -a, -um | adjective (pronominal) | alone, only, sole |
| 420 | tōtus | tōtus, -a, -um | adjective (pronominal) | whole, entire, all |
| 421 | ūnus | ūnus, -a, -um | adjective (numeral) | one; alone |
| 422 | duo | duo, duae, duo | adjective (numeral) | two |
| 423 | trēs | trēs, tria | adjective (numeral) | three |
| 424 | multus | multus, -a, -um | adjective | much, many |
| 425 | plūs | plūs, plūris | adjective/noun (comparative) | more |
| 426 | plērīque | plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | adjective (pl.) | most, the majority of |
| 427 | paucī | paucī, -ae, -a | adjective (pl.) | few, a few |
| 428 | tantus | tantus, -a, -um | adjective | so great, so large, so much |
| 429 | talis | tālis, tāle | adjective | such, of such a kind |
| 430 | tot | tot (indecl.) | adjective | so many |
| 431 | quot | quot (indecl.) | adjective | how many, as many as |
| 432 | nōnnūllī | nōnnūllī, -ae, -a | adjective/pronoun (pl.) | some, several |
| 433 | nūllus | — | — | (see 418) |
| 433 | quīdam | quīdam, quaedam, quiddam | indefinite pronoun | a certain one, someone |
| 434 | quisquam | quisquam, quicquam | indefinite pronoun (neg. context) | anyone, anything |
| 435 | aliqui | aliquī, aliqua, aliquod | indefinite adjective | some (modifying a noun) |
| 436 | seu / sīve | seu … seu / sīve … sīve | conjunction | whether … or; or if |
| 437 | vel | vel | conjunction/particle | or (weaker); even |
| 438 | aut | aut | conjunction | or (exclusive); aut … aut = either … or |
| 439 | neque / nec | neque, nec | conjunction | and not, nor; neque … neque = neither … nor |
| 440 | atque / ac | atque, ac | conjunction | and, and also, and even |
| 441 | tamen | tamen | adverb/conjunction | nevertheless, yet, still |
| 442 | autem | autem | conjunction (postpositive) | but, however, moreover |
| 443 | enim | enim | conjunction (postpositive) | for, indeed, in fact |
| 444 | igitur | igitur | conjunction (postpositive) | therefore, then |
| 445 | ergō | ergō | adverb/conjunction | therefore, then, well |
| 446 | itaque | itaque | conjunction | and so, therefore |
| 447 | nam | nam | conjunction | for (gives reason) |
| 448 | namque | namque | conjunction | for indeed, for in fact |
| 449 | quoque | quoque | adverb (postpositive) | also, too |
| 450 | etiam | etiam | adverb | also, even; still, yet |
Group 6 — Words 451–500: Adverbs of Time, Place, and Manner
| # | Latin | Entry Form | Part of Speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 451 | iam | iam | adverb | now, already; soon (future) |
| 452 | mox | mox | adverb | soon, presently |
| 453 | tandem | tandem | adverb | at last, finally; in a question: really? |
| 454 | dēnique | dēnique | adverb | finally, at last, in short |
| 455 | dēmum | dēmum | adverb | at last, only then |
| 456 | simul | simul | adverb | at the same time, simultaneously |
| 457 | interim | interim | adverb | meanwhile, in the meantime |
| 458 | tum | tum | adverb | then, at that time |
| 459 | nunc | nunc | adverb | now, at this time |
| 460 | adhūc | adhūc | adverb | until now, still, yet |
| 461 | inde | inde | adverb | from there, from that place; then |
| 462 | hinc | hinc | adverb | from here, from this place; hence |
| 463 | illīnc | illīnc | adverb | from that place, from there |
| 464 | ibī | ibī | adverb | there, in that place |
| 465 | hīc | hīc | adverb | here, in this place |
| 466 | ubī | ubī | adverb/conjunction | where; when |
| 467 | quō | quō | adverb | where (to), whither; whereby |
| 468 | unde | unde | adverb | from where, whence |
| 469 | quā | quā | adverb | where, by which way |
| 470 | quandō | quandō | adverb/conjunction | when; since (causal) |
| 471 | cur | cur | adverb | why |
| 472 | quōmodo | quōmodo | adverb | in what way, how |
| 473 | ita | ita | adverb | so, thus, in this way |
| 474 | sīc | sīc | adverb | so, thus, in this way (often + result clause) |
| 475 | ideō | ideō | adverb | for this reason, therefore |
| 476 | ōlim | ōlim | adverb | once (in the past); one day (in the future); for a long time |
| 477 | semper | semper | adverb | always |
| 478 | numquam | numquam | adverb | never |
| 479 | saepe | saepe | adverb | often |
| 480 | rārō | rārō | adverb | rarely, seldom |
| 481 | postquam | postquam | conjunction | after (+ indicative) |
| 482 | antequam | antequam | conjunction | before (+ subjunctive or indicative) |
| 483 | priusquam | priusquam | conjunction | before (+ subjunctive, implies anticipation) |
| 484 | dōnec | dōnec | conjunction | until; as long as |
| 485 | dum | dum | conjunction | while; as long as; until; provided that |
| 486 | quamdiū | quamdiū | adverb/conjunction | as long as, how long |
| 487 | cum | cum | conjunction | when (+ subj.); since; although |
| 488 | sī | sī | conjunction | if |
| 489 | nisi | nisi | conjunction | unless, if not; except |
| 490 | quamquam | quamquam | conjunction | although, even though (+ indicative) |
| 491 | quamvīs | quamvīs | conjunction | although, however much (+ subjunctive) |
| 492 | ut | ut | conjunction | as, when; so that; that (+ subj.) |
| 493 | nē | nē | conjunction/particle | lest, that not; not (in prohibitions) |
| 494 | sī quidem | sī quidem | conjunction | if indeed, since |
| 495 | modo | modo | adverb/conjunction | just, only; recently; modo … modo = now … now |
| 496 | paulō | paulō | adverb | by a little, slightly (with comparatives) |
| 497 | multō | multō | adverb | by much, by far (with comparatives) |
| 498 | prīmum | prīmum | adverb | first, at first |
| 499 | dēnuō | dēnuō | adverb | again, anew, once more |
| 500 | statim | statim | adverb | immediately, at once |
Making Band 2 Stick
Why Band 2 Is the Critical Inflection Point
Band 1 (words 1–200) was all about infrastructure: function words, forms of esse, common prepositions, and the most basic verbs. Band 2 is where Latin starts to feel like a real language. You gain the vocabulary to follow Caesar's battle narratives, Cicero's arguments, and the emotional register of Virgil.
The bad news: Band 2 introduces more inflectional complexity — 3rd-declension nouns with unpredictable stems, 3rd-conjugation verbs with irregular principal parts, and deponent verbs that look passive but mean active. The good news: context-rich reading now becomes possible, and reading is the most efficient long-term vocabulary strategy.
Study Strategies for Words 201–500
1. Chunk by Semantic Field
Do not study all 300 words randomly. The groups in this file are intentionally organized:
- Group 1 (verbs): Drill principal parts relentlessly. Flash-card from Latin → principal parts, not just Latin → English.
- Group 2 (military/political nouns): Read Caesar Gallic War Book I alongside. Every noun in Group 2 appears in the first 10 chapters.
- Group 3 (abstract nouns): Pair with Cicero Pro Archia or De Amicitia — short, full of these words.
- Group 4 (adjectives): Build comparison tables (positive → comparative → superlative) for each adjective.
- Group 5 (pronouns/determiners): Write paradigm tables. Pronouns are learned through forms, not just glosses.
- Group 6 (adverbs/conjunctions): Learn these in pairs of opposite or related meaning: iam / mox, hinc / inde, postquam / antequam.
2. Principal Parts for Every Verb
Every verb in Band 2 should be learned with all four principal parts, not just the infinitive:
| Verb | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| capiō | capiō | capere | cēpī | captum |
| cadō | cadō | cadere | cecidī | cāsum |
| vincō | vincō | vincere | vīcī | victum |
| pellō | pellō | pellere | pepulī | pulsum |
| gerō | gerō | gerere | gessī | gestum |
| sequor | sequor | sequī | — | secūtus sum |
| patior | patior | patī | — | passus sum |
Irregular perfect stems (cēp-, vic-, gess-) must be memorized — they cannot be predicted.
3. Deponent Verb Drill
Band 2 introduces the major deponent verbs. Their forms are passive; their meanings are active. Drill these as a separate set:
| Verb | Meaning | Key Forms |
|---|---|---|
| cōnor | to try | cōnātur (he tries), cōnātus est (he tried) |
| loquor | to speak | loquitur (she speaks), locūtus sum (I spoke) |
| sequor | to follow | sequitur (it follows), secūtī sunt (they followed) |
| proficīscor | to set out | proficīscitur (he sets out), profectus est (he departed) |
| patior | to endure | patitur (she endures), passus est (he suffered) |
| morior | to die | moritur (he dies), mortuus est (he died) |
| gaudeō | to rejoice | gaudet (she rejoices) — semideponent (perfect is passive in form) |
4. Compound Verb Families
Many Band 2 verbs are compounds of Band 1 roots. Learning the root once unlocks the whole family:
Root mittō (to send): mittō → dēmittō, remittō, amittō, permittō, committō
Root pōnō (to put): pōnō → expōnō, impōnō, prōpōnō, dēpōnō, compōnō
Root dūcō (to lead): dūcō → abdūcō, addūcō, redūcō, prōdūcō, indūcō, ēdūcō
When you see a new compound, identify the root and the prefix. The prefix (ab- = away, re- = back, ad- = toward, ex- = out, in- = into, pro- = forward) modifies but rarely reverses the core meaning.
5. Noun Gender and Declension Patterns
Third-declension nouns dominate Band 2. Note these patterns:
| Ending (-is gen. sg.) | Typical gender | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| -ōnis | masculine | legiō, ōrātiō, ratiō |
| -ōris | masculine | amor, dolor, labor, timor |
| -ātis | feminine | cīvitās, vēritās, lībertās |
| -ūtis | feminine | virtūs, salūs |
| -is (i-stem) | masculine or feminine | hostis, nāvis, mīles |
| -eris, -oris, -inis | neuter | genus, corpus, nōmen, flūmen |
Neuter 3rd-declension nouns always have nominative = accusative.
6. Anki Workflow for Band 2
- Card front: Latin word (with macrons)
- Card back: entry form + part of speech + English + one example sentence
- Add a reverse card: English → Latin (tests active recall)
- Pace: Add 10 new cards per day. At this pace, 300 words = 30 days of new input.
- Review burden: Expect 20–30 review cards per day once you have 100+ active cards.
- Reading integration: When you encounter a Band 2 word in reading, add the sentence to the Anki card. Context is far stronger than a bare gloss.
7. Reading Benchmarks
Use these texts to test Band 2 comprehension. If you know Band 1 + Band 2, you should be able to read these with a dictionary for unknown words (not for DCC words):
| Text | Recommended passage | Why it works |
|---|---|---|
| Caesar Bellum Gallicum I.1 | "Gallia est omnis divisa…" | Dense Band 1–2 vocabulary; military nouns |
| Cicero In Catilinam I.1 | "Quō usque tandem…" | Band 2 adverbs, rhetorical connectors |
| Nepos Miltiades | Chapters 1–4 | Biographic narrative; Band 2 verbs and nouns |
| Livy I.1 | The Aeneas arrival narrative | Abstract nouns, 3rd-declension adjectives |
8. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Confusing lēx and iūs: lēx is a specific written statute; iūs is right or law as an abstract concept/system.
- Confusing hostis and inimīcus: hostis is a public/foreign enemy; inimīcus (Band 1) is a personal enemy.
- Confusing timor and metus: Synonyms, but metus is often more physical dread; timor more general fear.
- Forgetting vīs is irregular: Accusative vim, ablative vī; only in plural does it become regular (vīrēs, vīrium).
- Deponent confusion: Never write sequitur and think it means "he is followed." It means "he follows." The passive form carries active meaning.
- Missing macrons on mālō / malō: mālō (I prefer) vs. malō with short a doesn't exist, but macrons distinguish lūx from lux, vīs from vis, etc.
Band 2 Completion Checklist
Before moving to Band 3, verify:
- You can give the principal parts of all 30 verbs in Group 1 from memory
- You can decline hostis, cīvitās, virtūs, and genus fully
- You can identify all deponent verbs and explain why their perfect is formed with esse
- You can read Caesar BG I.1–7 with no dictionary for DCC words
- You recognize compound verbs and can identify their root + prefix
- You can distinguish the temporal conjunctions (dum / dōnec / postquam / antequam / priusquam) and explain which take indicative vs. subjunctive
- Your Anki mature card rate for Band 2 is above 85%
Once these boxes are checked, proceed to Band 3 (Words 501–1000).