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Lesson 6: Plurals Part 1

What Is I-Affection? The Sindarin plural system is one of the most linguistically fascinating features of Tolkien's construction — and one of the most practically important things to master, because plurals are used constantly. Rather than adding a suffix (as English does with -s ), Sindarin forms plurals by changing the vowels inside the word . This internal vowel-change process is called i-affection or i-umlaut . Here is the historical...
sindarin grammar plurals i-affection beginner May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Sindarin › Sindarin Lessons ›

Lesson 7: Plurals Part 2

Review of Lesson 6 Patterns Before advancing, confirm these three core patterns: Pattern Shift Example 1 Final a → ai ; non-final a → e adan → edain 2 Final e → i ; all e s shift edhel → edhil 3 Final o → y ; non-final o → e orod → eryd Everything in Lesson 7 builds on these foundations. Monosyllabic Plurals Monosyllables — words of a single...
sindarin grammar plurals intermediate May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Sindarin › Sindarin Lessons ›

Lesson 31: Class Plurals

Introduction In Lessons 6 and 7 we studied the i-affection plural — the standard Sindarin plural formed by vowel changes in the stem ( aran → erain , galadh → gelaidh ). That plural simply signals "more than one X." But Sindarin possesses a second, entirely different plural system called the class plural (or collective plural ). Class plurals do not merely count items; they express a group viewed as...
sindarin grammar plurals collective intermediate May 30, 2026