综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) — in summary, to summarize
HSK 4 | phrase | formal phrase to introduce a summary or conclusion
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù)
综上所述 is a formal written phrase used to signal the beginning of a summary or final conclusion, equivalent to "in summary," "to sum up," or "as stated above."
Meanings
- [phrase] in summary, to sum up, as stated above, in conclusion
Example Sentences
综上所述，我们可以得出这个方法是有效的。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, wǒmen kěyǐ dé chū zhège fāngfǎ shì yǒuxiào de. In summary, we can conclude that this method is effective.
综上所述，这个项目具有很高的研究价值。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, zhège xiàngmù jùyǒu hěn gāo de yánjiū jiàzhí. To sum up, this project has great research value.
综上所述，改善环境需要所有人的共同努力。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, gǎishàn huánjìng xūyào suǒyǒu rén de gòngtóng nǔlì. In summary, improving the environment requires the collective effort of everyone.
综上所述，我们的建议是增加投资。 Zōng shàng suǒ shù, wǒmen de jiànyì shì zēngjiā tóuzī. To conclude, our recommendation is to increase investment.
Collocations
| Collocation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 综上所述，…… (zōng shàng suǒ shù,...) | in summary, ... |
| 综上所述，可以得出 (zōng shàng suǒ shù, kěyǐ dé chū) | from the above, one can conclude |
| 综上所述，我们认为 (zōng shàng suǒ shù, wǒmen rènwéi) | in summary, we believe |
| 综上所述，建议 (zōng shàng suǒ shù, jiànyì) | in summary, it is recommended |
Usage Notes
综上所述 is exclusively a written and formal spoken phrase, found in academic papers, reports, and formal presentations. It is almost never used in casual conversation. It always appears at the beginning of a sentence, introducing the concluding paragraph or statement. The equivalent in casual speech is 总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō, "generally speaking/to sum up").
Memory Hook
综 (synthesize) + 上 (above) + 所述 (what was stated) = "synthesizing everything stated above" — a perfect image of gathering all your points into one final statement.