经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economic
HSK 5 | noun/adjective | economy, economics; economical, affordable
经济 (jīngjì)
经济 is the primary Chinese word for economy and economics. As an adjective it can also mean economical or cost-effective. It is one of the most frequent words in modern Chinese media and public discourse.
Meanings
- [noun] economy; economics; economic activity
- [adjective] economical; affordable; cost-effective
Example Sentences
全球经济在新冠疫情后经历了一段艰难的复苏期。 Quánqiú jīngjì zài xīnguān yìqíng hòu jīnglìle yī duàn jiānnán de fùsū qī. The global economy went through a difficult recovery period after the COVID-19 pandemic.
中国已成为世界第二大经济体，对全球贸易影响深远。 Zhōngguó yǐ chénwéi shìjiè dì èr dà jīngjì tǐ, duì quánqiú màoyì yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn. China has become the world's second-largest economy and has a far-reaching impact on global trade.
发展绿色经济是实现可持续发展目标的重要路径。 Fāzhǎn lǜsè jīngjì shì shíxiàn kě chíxù fāzhǎn mùbiāo de zhòngyào lùjìng. Developing a green economy is an important path to achieving sustainable development goals.
这款经济型轿车以低油耗和实惠的售价受到工薪阶层的青睐。 Zhè kuǎn jīngjì xíng jiàochē yǐ dī yóuhào hé shíhuì de shòujià shòudào gōngxīn jiēcéng de qīnglài. This economy-class sedan is popular among wage earners for its low fuel consumption and affordable price.
市场经济的核心是价格机制，由供需关系决定资源配置。 Shìchǎng jīngjì de héxīn shì jiàgé jīzhì, yóu gōng xū guānxi juédìng zīyuán pèizhì. The core of a market economy is the price mechanism, with supply and demand determining resource allocation.
数字经济的崛起为许多传统行业带来了新的挑战与机遇。 Shùzì jīngjì de juéqǐ wèi xǔduō chuántǒng hángyè dàiláile xīn de tiǎozhàn yǔ jīyù. The rise of the digital economy has brought new challenges and opportunities to many traditional industries.
Collocations
| Collocation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 市场经济 | market economy |
| 经济发展 | economic development |
| 经济体 | economy (as an entity) |
| 经济政策 | economic policy |
| 数字经济 | digital economy |
| 经济型 | economy-class; budget (adjective) |
Usage Notes
经济 is both a standalone noun and a very productive modifier. As a standalone noun it means the economy (the economy grew; the economy contracted). As a modifier before another noun it means economic: 经济危机 (economic crisis), 经济体制 (economic system).
The adjective sense "economical/affordable" is used in product descriptions (经济实惠 -- economical and affordable) and travel (经济舱 -- economy class on a plane). Context makes the two senses clear.
Memory Hook
经 (manage/pass through) + 济 (aid/benefit/cross a river) -- managing the flow of resources to benefit society; that is an economy.