brain

tamnd's digital brain — notes, problems, research

41968 notes

厉害 (lìhai) — fierce / impressive

HSK 3 | adjective | fierce, severe, formidable, impressive — colloquial praise or warning

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灭绝 (mièjué) — Extinction, to exterminate

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to become extinct; total elimination of a species or group

hsk-5vocabularyb2
个 (gè) — general measure word

HSK 1 | measure word | general classifier for people and objects

hsk-1vocabularya1
口语 (kǒuyǔ) — spoken language

HSK 3 | noun | spoken language, as opposed to written language

hsk-3vocabularya2
道理 (dàolǐ) — reason; logic; truth; principle

HSK 3 | noun | the reasoning or principle behind something

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内在 (nèizài) — intrinsic, internal

HSK 5 | adjective | existing within something, inherent and not externally imposed

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Lesson 12: B2 Review and Path to C1

Consolidate all B2 grammar and vocabulary, assess your current competency level, identify common B2 errors, and plan your pathway to C1.

esperantob2lesson
放弃 (fàngqì) — to give up

HSK 3 | verb | to abandon or stop pursuing something

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Lesson 3: Advanced Idioms (成语 III)

Deploying chengyu in formal writing — historical origins, structural analysis, and the pragmatics of allusion in C1 Chinese

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虚伪 (xūwěi) — hypocritical / false

HSK 4 | adjective | hypocritical; false; insincere

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逻辑 (luójí) — logic; logical reasoning

HSK 5 | noun | the principles of valid reasoning or the internal consistency of an argument

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客观 (kèguān) — objective; impartial

HSK 4 | adjective | based on facts, not personal feelings

hsk-4vocabularyb1
CF 453E - Little Pony and Lord Tirek

We have a lineup of ponies, each with three attributes: their current mana, their maximum mana, and their mana regeneration rate per unit time. Over time, Lord Tirek performs several operations called Absorb Mana, each targeting a consecutive segment of ponies.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingdata-structures
熟悉 (shúxī) — familiar with

HSK 3 | verb / adjective | to know well, be familiar with — through repeated exposure or experience

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温度 (wēndù) — temperature

HSK 3 | noun | temperature — measurable degree of heat or cold

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Lesson 2: Oral Defense Mastery

Achieving mastery in Chinese academic defense and Q&A: from competent performance to intellectual authority.

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号 (hào) — number; day of the month

HSK 1 | noun | a number or code; the colloquial word for a day of the month

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〜だに — JLPT N1 Grammar

N1 grammar pattern 〜だに: a literary/formal emphatic particle meaning 'even' — used to intensify a minimal or extreme case.

japanesegrammarn1jlpt
安全 (ānquán) — safe; safety; security

HSK 5 | adjective/noun | the state of being free from danger or risk

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员工 (yuángōng) — employee; staff; worker

HSK 4 | noun | a person employed by an organization

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互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; web

HSK 4 | noun | the global network connecting computers worldwide

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现场 (xiànchǎng) — site; scene; on the spot

HSK 4 | noun | the actual site or scene where something is happening

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筷子 (kuàizi) — chopsticks

HSK 3 | noun | chopsticks, the traditional East Asian eating utensils

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自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) — natural disaster

HSK 5 | noun | natural disaster, catastrophic natural event

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本质 (běnzhì) — essence; nature; intrinsic

HSK 4 | noun | the fundamental nature or essence of something

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任务 (rènwù) — task

HSK 3 | noun | task, mission, assignment — something assigned or required to be done

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联系 (liánxì) — to contact / connection

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to contact, to get in touch; connection, link, relationship

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信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ) — credit card

HSK 3 | noun | a card used for credit-based payment

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火车 (huǒchē) — train

HSK 1 | noun | train, railway

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习惯 (xíguàn) — habit; to be used to; custom

HSK 4 | noun / verb | a regular behavior or the state of being accustomed

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以后 (yǐhòu) — after / in the future / from now on

HSK 3 | noun / adverb | time reference word for events after a stated point

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形象 (xíngxiàng) — image; figure

HSK 3 | noun | the image or impression someone or something projects

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评论 (pínglùn) — to comment on; commentary; review

HSK 4 | verb / noun | offering analysis or opinion on something

hsk-4vocabularyb1
英 — JLPT N5 Kanji

英 (ei/): England. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
模型 (móxíng) — model; template

HSK 4 | noun | a model, template, or small-scale replica

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判断 (pànduàn) — to judge; judgment; to determine

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to assess a situation and reach a conclusion; the act of judging

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外在 (wàizài) — external; outward

HSK 5 | adjective | external, outward, superficial (as opposed to internal)

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严格 (yángé) — strict; rigorous; stern

HSK 4 | adjective | demanding exact compliance with rules or standards

hsk-4vocabularyb1
虚拟现实 (xūnǐ xiànshí) — virtual reality

HSK 5 | noun | immersive computer-simulated environment

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CF 459A - Pashmak and Garden

We are given the coordinates of two distinct trees on a Cartesian plane, and we know that the garden forms a perfect square aligned with the axes. Each vertex of the square has a tree, so there are exactly four trees.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingimplementation
迷惑 (míhuò) — to confuse; to bewilder; confused

HSK 5 | verb/adjective | to mislead someone or to be in a state of confusion

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学校 (xuéxiào) — school

HSK 1 | noun | school, educational institution

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除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) — besides this; apart from this; in addition

HSK 5 | phrase | a connector used to introduce additional points or items

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传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional

HSK 3 | noun/adjective | customs and practices passed down through generations

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表明 (biǎomíng) — to indicate; to make clear

HSK 5 | verb | to show clearly; to express or demonstrate

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分析 (fēnxī) — to analyze; analysis

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to break down a subject into its components in order to understand it

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思路 (sīlù) — train of thought, approach

HSK 6 | n | the line or path of one's thinking; a way of approaching a problem

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Culture & Society

Esperanto vocabulary for arts, traditions, social structures, politics, and cultural life.

esperantovocabularyculturesocietyartspolitics
到处 (dàochù) — everywhere

HSK 3 | adverb | everywhere, all over — in every place, with no location excluded

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男 — Kanji Reference

男 (man, male): 7 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ダン、ナン. Kun: おとこ.

japanesekanjin5writing
Supplement 6: Vocabulary — Body Parts & Health

Sindarin vocabulary for the human body, health, injury, and healing: attested and Neo-Sindarin terms with all known plural forms and example sentences.

sindarinvocabularybodyhealthintermediate
演绎 (yǎnyì) — to deduce; to perform, to adapt

HSK 6 | verb | to deduce logically; to perform or present artistically

hsk-6vocabularyc1
持久 (chíjiǔ) — lasting; enduring; sustained

HSK 5 | adjective | lasting; enduring; able to persist over a long time

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历程 (lìchéng) — course; journey; process

HSK 4 | noun | the process or journey through which something develops

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吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle

HSK 1 | particle | softens suggestions and expresses tentative assumptions

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Lesson 6: KER C2 Exam Preparation

Understand the structure, expectations, and preparation strategies for the KER C2 (Komuna Eŭropa Referenckadro C2) Esperanto examination held at the Universala Kongreso.

esperantoc2lesson
Lesson 19: Intransitive Verbs & Irregular Stems

Sindarin intransitive verbs, class 3 i-verbs, irregular stems with suppletive roots, and half-strong verb formation.

sindaringrammarverbsirregularintermediate
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear / clearly

HSK 3 | adjective / verb | clear, distinct; to be clear about something

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声明 (shēngmíng) — to declare; to state; declaration

HSK 4 | verb/noun | a formal public statement or announcement

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哪 (nǎ) — which

HSK 1 | pronoun/determiner | interrogative asking for selection among options

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热爱 (rè'ài) — to love deeply

HSK 3 | verb | to love something with great passion

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安排 (ānpái) — to arrange; to plan; arrangement

HSK 4 | verb / noun | organizing or scheduling people and tasks

hsk-4vocabularyb1
Lesson 13: Prepositions

All Sindarin prepositions with their mutation triggers: soft, nasal, and mixed — with worked examples and the dative/genitive constructions.

sindaringrammarprepositionsintermediate
半 — Kanji Reference

半 (half): 5 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ハン. Kun: なか-ば.

japanesekanjin5writing
〜として — JLPT N3 Grammar

Learn 〜として (as, in the capacity of) — the N3 pattern for expressing roles, identities, functions, and premises.

japanesegrammarn3jlpt
好看 (hǎokàn) — good-looking

HSK 1 | adjective | pleasant to look at, applies broadly to people and things

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复杂化 (fùzáhuà) — to complicate; to become complicated

HSK 5 | verb | to complicate, to make more complex, to become complicated

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容易 (róngyì) — easy, likely

HSK 2 | adjective | easy to do, likely to happen

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Lesson 22: Writing Academic Essays

Master the structure and language conventions of Chinese academic essays, including argumentative thesis writing, paragraph development, and formal transitions.

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懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how

HSK 2 | verb | to grasp the meaning of a skill, language, or subject; contrast with 明白

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制度 (zhìdù) — system; institution; regime

HSK 4 | noun | an established set of rules or organizational structure

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雨 — JLPT N5 Kanji

雨 (u/ame): rain. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
CF 467A - George and Accommodation

The problem presents a simple scenario: George and Alex want to find a dormitory room together. Each room in the dormitory has a current occupancy and a maximum capacity.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingimplementation
适应 (shìyìng) — to adapt; to adjust to

HSK 5 | verb | to adapt oneself or something to new conditions or requirements

hsk-5vocabularyb2
Lesson 4: Date, Day and Time

Learn to talk about dates, days of the week, and clock times, and understand why time comes before the verb in Chinese.

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雨伞 (yǔsǎn) — umbrella

HSK 3 | noun | an umbrella used to shelter from rain

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解释 (jiěshì) — to explain

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to explain, to interpret, to clarify; an explanation

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洪水 (hóngshuǐ) — Flood, floodwater

HSK 5 | noun | an overflow of water onto normally dry land; a flood

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威胁 (wēixié) — Threaten

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to threaten; threat

hsk-4vocabularyb1
Learning Roadmap

Detailed Mandarin Chinese learning roadmap from complete beginner to C2: four phases, milestones, plateau strategies, and immersion techniques.

chinesemandarinroadmapmethodologyhsklearningbeginnerintermediateadvanced
Lesson 3: Transitivity and Causatives

Command Esperanto's -ig- and -iĝ- suffixes to express causation and inchoative change, and understand how transitivity determines accusative use.

esperantob2lesson
看见 (kàn jiàn) — to see; to catch sight of

HSK 2 | verb + result complement | indicates the action of looking results in actually seeing

hsk-2vocabularya1
公共卫生 (gōnggòng wèishēng) — public health

HSK 5 | noun phrase | the health of the population managed through organized societal efforts

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觉得 (juéde) — to feel, to think (subjectively)

HSK 2 | verb | to feel or think based on personal impression; contrast with 认为 for reasoned opinion

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说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) — say clearly / explain clearly

HSK 3 | verb + result complement | to express something in a way that is fully understood

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逐渐 (zhújiàn) — gradually; little by little

HSK 4 | adverb | describing slow, incremental change over time

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身份认同 (shēnfèn rèntóng) — identity

HSK 5 | noun | one's sense of self and identification with a group or role

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授权 (shòuquán) — to authorize; authorization

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to authorize; to grant authority or permission

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手 — Kanji Reference

手 (hand): 4 strokes, JLPT N5. On: シュ、ズ. Kun: て.

japanesekanjin5writing
Lesson 5: Potential Complements

Learn how potential complements with 得 and 不 express ability or possibility, one of the most productive grammatical patterns in Mandarin.

hsk-3lessona2
Japanese Particles

Complete guide to all major Japanese particles: は が を に で から まで と も の か ね よ — with meaning, usage rules, and example sentences.

japanesegrammarparticlesjlptlanguage-learning
宿舍 (sùshè) — dormitory

HSK 3 | noun | dormitory, student housing, staff quarters

hsk-3vocabularya2
费用 (fèiyòng) — fee; cost; expense

HSK 4 | noun | money spent or charged for a service or activity

hsk-4vocabularyb1
脖子 (bózi) — neck

HSK 3 | noun | neck, the part of the body connecting the head to the shoulders

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语境 (yǔjìng) — context, linguistic environment

HSK 6 | n | the situational, cultural, or linguistic context in which a word or utterance occurs

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Lesson 3: Correlatives — ĉi- and neni-

Complete the correlative table with the universal ĉi- (every/all) and negative neni- (no/nothing) series, plus -ajn and combining forms.

esperantoa2lesson
消极 (xiāojí) — negative; passive; pessimistic

HSK 4 | adjective | having a negative, passive, or pessimistic attitude

hsk-4vocabularyb1
宣传 (xuānchuán) — Publicize

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to publicize, to promote; publicity, propaganda

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Lesson 9: Perfect Tense Active (The 3rd Principal Part)

Master the Latin perfect tense using the 3rd principal part, and distinguish completed from ongoing past action.

latinnovicelesson
象征 (xiàngzhēng) — symbolism; to symbolize

HSK 5 | n/v | a symbol or symbolic representation; the act of symbolizing

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