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Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜は — Topic Marker

〜は Property Value Pattern 〜は JLPT Level N5 Type particle / topic-marker Formality Neutral Register Both Meaning Marks the topic of the sentence. The topic can be the grammatical subject or any other element the speaker wants to comment on. Everything after は says something about that topic. Structure Formula [Topic] + は + [Comment / Predicate] Usage Notes は is written with the hiragana は but pronounced "wa" when...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜と — And; With (Accompaniment)

Properties Property Value Level JLPT N5 Part of speech Particle Function Exhaustive listing; Accompaniment Meaning と has two core uses at the N5 level: Exhaustive listing of nouns — AとBとC means "A, B, and C" and implies the list is complete . Nothing else is included beyond what is stated. Accompaniment — 〜と or 〜と一緒に means "together with ~", indicating the person or thing you are with when doing an...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜の — Possession and Noun Modification

Properties Property Value Level N5 Type Particle Connects Noun + の + Noun Meaning の (no) has three main uses: 1. Possession Marks that the first noun owns or belongs to the second noun. 私の本 — my book 田中さんの車 — Tanaka-san's car 2. Noun Modification / Relationship Describes or specifies the second noun using the first. This includes origin, material, category, or association. 日本語の先生 — Japanese teacher (teacher of Japanese)...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜まで — Until; As Far As

Properties Property Value Type Particle Level JLPT N5 Meaning まで (made) marks the end point of a range. It has two primary uses: End point in time — indicates the time at which something stops or the period up to which something continues (until, through) 5時まで勉強します。— I study until 5 o'clock. End point in space — indicates the furthest point reached by movement or a physical extent (to, as far...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar ›

Japanese Particles

Particles (助詞, joshi) are one of the most fundamental elements of Japanese grammar. They are short syllables that attach to the end of nouns, pronouns, and phrases to mark their grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence. There are no particles in English — their function is handled by word order and prepositions. Core Sentence Particles は (wa) — Topic Marker Marks the topic of the sentence — what...
japanese grammar particles jlpt language-learning May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜で — Location of Action and Means

〜で Property Value Pattern 〜で JLPT Level N5 Type particle Formality Neutral Register Both (Spoken and Written) Meaning The particle で has three core uses at the N5 level: 1. Location where an action takes place Marks the place at which an activity or event occurs. The key idea is that something happens there — not merely that something exists there. 学校で勉強する。 I study at school. 2. Means, method, or...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Chinese (Mandarin) › How to Learn Chinese ›

15 Common Mistakes

These are the 15 most common errors English speakers make when learning Mandarin. Most can be avoided entirely if you know about them from day 1. Each entry shows the error, a wrong example, the correct form, and why it matters. 1. Ignoring Tones Entirely The error: Treating tones as optional accent marks that you will "get to later." Producing all syllables with a flat or random pitch. ❌ Saying...
chinese mandarin mistakes grammar pronunciation methodology tones particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜から — From; Because

Properties Property Value Level JLPT N5 Type Particle Kanji から Meaning から (kara) has two core uses: 1. Starting point in space or time Marks where or when something begins — the origin of movement or the start of a time range. 東京から来た — came from Tokyo 3時から始まります — it starts from 3 o'clock 学校から家まで歩きます — I walk from school to home 2. Reason / cause (because) Attaches to a...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜も — Also; Too; Even

Properties Property Value Level JLPT N5 Type Particle Replaces は, が, を (follows に, で, へ, と, から, まで) Meaning も has three main uses: 1. Also / Too Replaces は, が, or を to indicate that the same statement applies to an additional item. Structure: [Noun] も + [Predicate] 私は行く → 私 も 行く I go → I also go 2. Both X and Y / Neither X nor...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Skills ›

Grammar

Japanese grammar is structurally unlike English, but it follows consistent patterns once understood. This guide covers the core grammar framework — particles, verb groups, conjugation forms, and key sentence patterns — organized from N5 to N2 difficulty. Core Structural Differences from English Feature English Japanese Word order SVO (I eat sushi) SOV (私はすしを食べる — I sushi eat) Verb position 2nd element Always last Articles a, an, the None Plural marking...
japanese grammar particles verb-conjugation jlpt language-learning May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Chinese (Mandarin) › Skills ›

Chinese Grammar

Chinese grammar differs from English in ways that require deliberate re-learning, not translation. Key Differences from English Feature English Chinese Verb conjugation (tense) Yes No — aspect markers instead Subject-verb agreement Yes No Plural marking Yes (-s) No Articles (a/the) Yes No Relative clauses After noun Before noun Time/place placement After verb Before verb Adjective as predicate Needs "to be" Direct: 她很高 (She [is] tall) Measure words No Mandatory Topic...
chinese grammar mandarin particles measure-words May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜に — Direction, Time, and Indirect Object

Properties Property Value Type Particle Level JLPT N5 Meaning に (ni) is one of the most versatile particles in Japanese. It covers four main uses: Direction / Destination — marks where you are going with verbs of motion (行く、来る、帰る) Time / Specific point in time — marks a specific clock time or day (3時に、月曜日に) Location of existence — marks where something or someone exists with あります / います Indirect object...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜が — Subject Marker

〜が Property Value Pattern が JLPT Level N5 Type particle Formality Neutral Meaning The particle が (ga) is one of the most fundamental particles in Japanese. It has two primary roles: Grammatical subject marker — it marks who or what performs the action or is in the state described by the predicate. New information marker — it introduces a subject that is being mentioned for the first time, or highlights...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

ね / よ — Sentence-Final Particles

Properties Property Value Level N5 Category Sentence-final particles Register Neutral / Informal ね (ne) ね is placed at the end of a sentence to seek confirmation or agreement from the listener, similar to "right?", "isn't it?", or "don't you think?" in English. It also softens a statement, giving the sentence a gentle, conversational tone. Examples Japanese Romaji English いい天気ですね。 Ii tenki desu ne. Nice weather, isn't it? そうですね。 Sou desu...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese ›

Grammar

This section provides a comprehensive reference for Japanese grammar patterns, organized by topic and JLPT level. Use the sub-pages for deep dives into specific topics. Grammar Reference Pages Page Content Particles All major particles: は が を に で から まで と も の か ね よ Verb Conjugation Plain/polite/te/ta/potential/passive/causative forms Keigo Honorific Japanese: sonkeigo, kenjougo, teineigo Sentence Patterns Common patterns organized by JLPT level Grammar Overview by Level N5...
japanese grammar jlpt particles verb-conjugation language-learning May 30, 2026
Language Learning › Learn Japanese › Grammar › JLPT N5 Grammar Patterns ›

〜を — Direct Object Marker

Properties Property Value JLPT level N5 Type Particle Pronunciation o (romanized: wo) Function Direct object marker; route/path marker Formality All levels Meaning を marks the direct object of a transitive verb — the thing that receives the action. It answers the question "what?" or "whom?" for the verb. It also marks the route or path through which motion occurs when used with movement verbs (e.g., 歩く, 走る, 渡る, 飛ぶ). Structure...
japanese grammar n5 particles May 30, 2026