brain

HSK 1 | noun | supermarket

HSK 5 | adjective/adverb | special; out of the ordinary; especially; particularly

N1 grammar pattern 〜てならない: expressing deep, spontaneous, involuntary feelings that cannot be otherwise. Literary register; contrasts with 〜てたまらない and 〜てしかたがない.

We have an $n times m$ chocolate bar made of unit squares. A cut is either horizontal or vertical, must follow grid lines, must lie strictly inside the chocolate, and cannot duplicate a previous cut.

HSK 5 | verb / noun | to train; professional training, vocational training

Essential Sindarin greetings and phrases directly from Tolkien's texts: Mae govannen, Hannon le, Navaer, Le abdollen, and more.

Learn to order food and drinks, express what you want to eat using 想 and 要, and talk about Chinese cuisine.

HSK 3 | noun | text message, SMS, short message

We are given a sequence of integers a1, a2, ..., an with values between 1 and 30, and we need to construct another sequence b1, b2, ..., bn of positive integers such that every pair in b is coprime.

HSK 5 | noun | brand, brand name

HSK 5 | noun | ethics; ethical principles; moral philosophy

HSK 3 | verb/noun | to travel for leisure; tourism

HSK 5 | verb / noun | to purchase a company or large quantity of goods; a takeover or buyout

Full tables for personal, reflexive, and demonstrative pronouns; the cum enclitic; and the absence of a true 3rd-person personal pronoun.

HSK 3 | noun | culture, civilization — the shared customs, arts, and knowledge of a society

N1 grammar: 〜いかんでは and 〜いかんによっては expressing 'depending on the nature/circumstances of X, Y may occur.' Formal register, often in legal or policy contexts.

HSK 5 | noun / adjective | diplomacy, foreign affairs; diplomatic

We have all lattice points inside a rectangle of size $n times m$. Any square whose four vertices are lattice points is allowed, even if it is rotated. For every such square, we look at the unit grid cells completely contained inside it. Each contained unit cell receives one dot.

比べる (くらべる / kuraberu): to compare. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

Learn to describe where things are using 在 and position words like 上面, 里面, and 前面.

HSK 5 | noun | innate ability or formal qualification for a role

HSK 5 | adverb | used to single out something as standing out above others

HSK 3 | adjective/adverb | done without unnecessary delay when needed

Complete JLPT N5 vocabulary list with ~800 words organized by category: nouns, verbs (with て-form and た-form), adjectives, adverbs, particles, question words, and expressions.

Talk about professions, workplaces, daily schedules, and professional life using past, present, and future tenses together.

Esperanto vocabulary for animals, plants, weather, geography, and environmental topics.

HSK 5 | noun/verb | goods or the act of bringing goods into a country

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to discuss, talk over; a discussion

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to assess a situation and reach a conclusion; the act of judging

HSK 3 | noun | a question that needs an answer, or a problem that needs a solution

Learn 〜だけあって and 〜だけに to express outcomes that match or are expected given a particular quality or background.

HSK 2 | noun | a question to ask, a problem to solve

HSK 3 | noun | an airport; the facility where aircraft take off and land

HSK 1 | adjective | delicious, tastes good

Express comparisons of superiority, inferiority, equality, and progressive change using pli, malplej, same kiel, and related structures.

Sindarin vocabulary for the human body, health, injury, and healing: attested and Neo-Sindarin terms with all known plural forms and example sentences.

HSK 5 | noun | the principles of valid reasoning or the internal consistency of an argument

HSK 5 | adjective/adverb | going all the way; leaving nothing incomplete

肉 (ニク): meat; flesh. JLPT N5 essential kanji.

HSK 4 | verb | to have thorough command of a skill or knowledge

九 (kyuu/ku/kokono-tsu): nine. JLPT N5 kanji.

Appleman starts with an empty string. In one second he may append any substring of t to the end of the string he is building. For a fixed target string s, Appleman chooses an optimal sequence of substrings and finishes s in the minimum possible number of seconds.

全然 (ぜんぜん / zenzen): not at all (+ negative). N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to write down or keep a record of something

We roll a fair die with faces numbered from 1 to m, exactly n times. Every roll is independent, and each face appears with probability 1 / m. Among those n rolls, we look only at the largest value that appeared. The task is to compute the expected value of that maximum.

HSK 3 | adverb | indicates that something happens after a specific event or time

HSK 1 | number | the digit four; considered unlucky in Chinese culture due to resemblance to 死 (death)

HSK 4 | noun | a strategy, tactic, or planned approach to achieving a goal

N1 grammar pattern 〜だに: a literary/formal emphatic particle meaning 'even' — used to intensify a minimal or extreme case.

HSK 4 | noun | the display surface of a device such as a phone, computer, or TV

HSK 5 | noun | natural disaster, catastrophic natural event

HSK 5 | adjective/verb/noun | abstract; not concrete; to make abstract

HSK 3 | adjective | clean, free from dirt or mess

HSK 1 | particle | turns a statement into a yes/no question

Complete HSK 5 vocabulary reference: approximately 1,600 new words at B2 level, organized by semantic category with pinyin, English, part of speech, and usage notes.

HSK 4 | noun | the organized body of people sharing a culture and institutions

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to have an allergic reaction; an allergy to something

HSK 5 | verb | to breed, to nurture, to cultivate (plants, organisms, or people)

Express concession and unconditional assertions using 即使...也, 不管...都, 尽管...还是, and related patterns at B1 level.

HSK 5 | adjective | restricted in quantity, scope, or degree; not unlimited

HSK 4 | noun | the ability or capacity to compete effectively

JLPT N4 kanji 医 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

Sindarin past tense formation: strong past (vowel change + nasal infixion) for primary verbs and weak past (-ant suffix) for A-stem verbs, with all 6 persons.

HSK 4 | noun | journalist; reporter; correspondent

HSK 4 | adjective | rough, not detailed, approximate

Sindarin collective suffixes: -ath (total collective), -rim (people/kindred), -hoth (hostile host), -gwaith (company) — with all attested examples from Tolkien.

HSK 5 | adjective | severe; grim; daunting; stern

HSK 4 | verb / noun / adverb | applying sustained energy and determination

HSK 6 | verb | to examine closely in order to distinguish subtle differences

HSK 1 | verb | to read text aloud or to study at an institution

HSK 5 | verb | to construct; to build (a system, framework, or relationship)

HSK 5 | noun | materials used for teaching, including textbooks and instructional resources

HSK 4 | verb | to contact, to come into contact with, to touch

国 (country): 8 strokes, JLPT N5. On: コク. Kun: くに.

HSK 5 | verb | to convey; to relay; to pass on (information, instructions, or feelings)

HSK 4 | adjective | hypocritical; false; insincere

HSK 5 | noun | the network of physical devices connected to and communicating via the internet

父 (father): 4 strokes, JLPT N5. On: フ. Kun: ちち.

HSK 4 | noun | channels of mass communication

HSK 3 | noun | mouth, lips — used literally and in idiomatic expressions

Sindarin words for time: days, seasons, months, years, and the Elvish calendar (Kings' Reckoning and the Stewards' Reckoning).

HSK 5 | noun/adjective | a person or organization's public image; also vivid/concrete representation

HSK 6 | verb | to tell apart, to discern differences between things

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to take action in advance to stop something harmful from occurring

HSK 4 | conjunction | therefore; so; as a result

HSK 2 | adverb | restricts scope to nothing more than what follows

Full paradigm of the relative pronoun, rules for agreement and case, worked examples, the connecting relative, and contrast with the interrogative adjective.

HSK 2 | verb | to become sick, to fall ill

Master five more classical Chinese idioms, focusing on cautionary tales, irony, and the use of idiomatic variation in context.

An introduction to the Japanese writing system: Hiragana and Katakana. Learn the foundational scripts required to begin your journey toward N5 proficiency.

上 (jou/shou/ue): above. JLPT N5 kanji.

月 (getsu/gatsu/tsuki): moon. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 4 | verb | to cope with; to deal with; to respond

HSK 5 | noun | the level of openness, clarity, or accountability in a system or process

HSK 5 | noun | the ability to recover from adversity and adapt to challenges

HSK 4 | adverb | describing slow, incremental change over time

HSK 1 | noun | woman, female adult

HSK 5 | conjunction | and therefore, thus, and as a result

Consolidate B1 grammar patterns and HSK 4-specific vocabulary through integrated review exercises and extended practice.

We are given a sequence of pylons arranged in a line, starting from position 0 up to position n. The first pylon is fixed at height 0, and every other pylon has a given height.