brain

tamnd's digital brain — notes, problems, research

42003 notes

饮食 (yǐnshí) — diet, eating habits

HSK 4 | noun | one's overall pattern of eating and drinking

hsk-4vocabularyb1
后悔 (hòuhuǐ) — to regret; to feel sorry

HSK 3 | verb | to feel regret about a past action

hsk-3vocabularya2
帮 (bāng) — to help

HSK 1 | verb | to help, to assist

hsk-1vocabularya1
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) — ecosystem

HSK 5 | noun | a system of interacting organisms and their environment

hsk-5vocabularyb2
水 — JLPT N5 Kanji

水 (sui/mizu): water. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
解说 (jiěshuō) — to explain; to comment; to narrate

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to provide explanation or commentary

hsk-4vocabularyb1
挂 (guà) — to hang; to put on

HSK 3 | verb | to hang something up or be suspended

hsk-3vocabularya2
Lesson 1: Classical Chinese Grammar (文言文)

Mastering 之、乎、者、也 and the grammar of classical Chinese in modern scholarly and literary contexts.

hsk-7lessonc2
完善 (wánshàn) — to improve; to perfect; perfect; complete

HSK 4 | verb / adjective | bringing something to a higher or complete standard

hsk-4vocabularyb1
CF 474D - Flowers

A dinner is represented as a sequence of flowers. A red flower contributes length 1, while white flowers are special: they may only appear in contiguous groups of exactly k flowers.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingdp
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to perform / performance

HSK 4 | verb / noun | to show; to perform; performance; behavior

hsk-4vocabularyb1
送る (おくる) — Japanese Vocabulary

送る (おくる / okuru): to send. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

japanesevocabularyn4verb-u
需求 (xūqiú) — demand; need; requirement

HSK 4 | noun | what is needed or wanted, especially in an economic or practical sense

hsk-4vocabularyb1
有名 (yǒumíng) — famous; well-known; celebrated

HSK 3 | adjective | widely recognized; renowned

hsk-3vocabularya2
鼓励 (gǔlì) — to encourage; encouragement

HSK 3 | verb/noun | to inspire someone to try or keep going

hsk-3vocabularya2
Lesson 30: Mixed Mutation

Sindarin mixed mutation: the third mutation type triggered by definite prepositions — the complete change table, all triggering constructions, and worked examples.

sindaringrammarmutationsmixed-mutationadvanced
精神 (jīngshén) — spirit; mind; mental

HSK 5 | noun/adjective | spirit, mind, essence; energetic, lively

hsk-5vocabularyb2
人 — JLPT N5 Kanji

人 (jin/nin/hito): person. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
Lesson 16: The Perfect Passive and Pluperfect

Perfect passive with PPP + esse, pluperfect active and passive, future perfect active, and Latin temporal sequence.

latinnovicelesson
评价 (píngjià) — to evaluate; evaluation

HSK 5 | verb / noun | to evaluate; assessment

hsk-5vocabularyb2
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; calm; peaceful

HSK 2 | adjective | describes an absence of noise or disturbance

hsk-2vocabularya1
依据 (yījù) — basis; according to; based on

HSK 5 | noun/preposition | basis; grounds; according to; based on

hsk-5vocabularyb2
便宜 (piányí) — cheap / inexpensive

HSK 1 | adjective | cheap, inexpensive, affordable

hsk-1vocabularya1
叙事 (xùshì) — narrative; to narrate

HSK 5 | n/v | the act or art of telling a story; narrative mode in literature

hsk-5vocabularyb2
Lesson 3: Origins & Place Names

Sindarin's Celtic origins, how Tolkien built place names from roots, and analysis of 25+ famous Middle-earth place names.

sindarinplace-namesetymologybeginner
HSK 8 Vocabulary (~1,800 New Words)

HSK 8 vocabulary reference: advanced C2-level words in specialist academic disciplines, technology, and professional domains.

hsk-8vocabulary
急救 (jíjiù) — first aid; emergency rescue

HSK 5 | noun/verb | first aid; emergency medical treatment

hsk-5vocabularyb2
住 (zhù) — to live, to reside

HSK 1 | verb | to live at a place, to stay somewhere

hsk-1vocabularya1
网络 (wǎngluò) — network; internet

HSK 3 | noun | an interconnected system; the internet

hsk-3vocabularya2
N4 Kanji: 社 (Company, Society)

JLPT N4 kanji 社 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

japanesen4jlptkanjilanguage-learning
娱乐 (yúlè) — entertainment, recreation

HSK 4 | n | activities or media that provide amusement

hsk-4vocabularyb1
〜につれて — JLPT N3 Grammar

Learn 〜につれて (as ~ changes, proportionally) — expressing gradual co-change where two things change together.

japanesegrammarn3jlpt
模式 (móshì) — model, pattern, mode

HSK 5 | noun | a standard pattern or model of operation or behavior

hsk-5vocabularyb2
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; peaceful

HSK 3 | adjective | calm and free from noise

hsk-3vocabularya2
案例 (ànlì) — case, case study

HSK 5 | noun | a specific instance or example used for analysis, typically in law, medicine, or business

hsk-5vocabularyb2
右 — JLPT N5 Kanji

右 (u/yuu/migi): right. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
〜のみか (not only... but also — literary escalation)

N1 grammar pattern 〜のみか: literary 'not only X but also Y,' escalating from X to the more surprising/larger Y. Formal and literary register.

japanesen1grammarjlptのみかliterary Japanese
比较 (bǐjiào) — to compare / relatively

HSK 4 | verb / adverb | to compare; relatively; fairly

hsk-4vocabularyb1
作用 (zuòyòng) — function; role; effect

HSK 3 | noun | the function, role, or effect that something produces

hsk-3vocabularya2
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity; chance

HSK 4 | noun | a favorable moment or occasion

hsk-4vocabularyb1
Lesson 1: Classical Chinese Influences

Exploring how classical Chinese grammar and vocabulary permeate formal Modern Chinese — 所 nominalization, 之 particle, and registers of elegance

hsk-6lessonc1
上 — Kanji Reference

上 (up, above): 3 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ジョウ、ショウ. Kun: うえ、うわ、のぼ-る.

japanesekanjin5writing
CF 479B - Towers

We are given several stacks of unit cubes, each stack having an initial height. In a single move, we can take exactly one cube from the top of one stack and place it on top of another stack.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingbrute-forceconstructive-algorithmsgreedyimplementationsortings
耳 — Kanji Reference

耳 (ear): 6 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ジ. Kun: みみ.

japanesekanjin5writing
青 — JLPT N5 Kanji

青 (sei/shou/ao): blue. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
七 (qī) — seven

HSK 1 | number | the digit seven

hsk-1vocabularya1
值得注意 (zhídé zhùyì) — Worth noting / noteworthy

HSK 4 | phrase | indicating that something deserves attention or is important to observe

hsk-4vocabularyb1
素养 (sùyǎng) — literacy; cultivation; competence

HSK 5 | noun | cultural cultivation, personal literacy, core competency

hsk-5vocabularyb2
〜に従って/〜に従い — JLPT N3 Grammar

Learn 〜に従って (in accordance with / as ~ progresses) — the N3 pattern for expressing compliance with rules and proportional change.

japanesegrammarn3jlpt
网上支付 (wǎngshàng zhīfù) — online payment

HSK 4 | noun | payment made electronically over the internet

hsk-4vocabularyb1
筷子 (kuàizi) — chopsticks

HSK 3 | noun | chopsticks, the traditional East Asian eating utensils

hsk-3vocabularya2
赤 — JLPT N5 Kanji

赤 (seki/shaku/aka): red. JLPT N5 kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, pattern, regularity

HSK 5 | noun | regular, predictable pattern or law governing phenomena

hsk-5vocabularyb2
Lesson 9: Prepositions and the Directional Accusative

Master Esperanto's location and movement prepositions, and learn the crucial rule for adding -n to show direction versus static position.

esperantoa2lesson
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance

HSK 3 | noun | the deeper significance or importance of something

hsk-3vocabularya2
资质 (zīzhì) — qualification; aptitude

HSK 5 | noun | innate ability or formal qualification for a role

hsk-5vocabularyb2
JLPT N5 Lesson 3: Numbers, Time, and Dates

Master the Japanese counting system, learn to tell time, and express dates accurately to navigate daily life in Japan.

japanesen5lessonjlpt
各种 (gèzhǒng) — all kinds of; various types of

HSK 3 | adjective | indicating many different varieties

hsk-3vocabularya2
〜てしまう — Japanese Grammar

〜てしまう: JLPT N4 grammar pattern. Usage, structure, examples, and comparison with similar patterns.

japanesegrammarn4completion
一 — Kanji Reference

一 (one): 1 strokes, JLPT N5. On: イチ、イツ. Kun: ひと、ひと-つ.

japanesekanjin5writing
环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù) — Environmental protection

HSK 5 | noun phrase | the practice of protecting and preserving the natural environment

hsk-5vocabularyb2
幸福 (xìngfú) — happiness; happy; blessed

HSK 3 | noun/adjective | a deep sense of contentment and well-being

hsk-3vocabularya2
妈妈 (māma) — mom, mother

HSK 1 | noun | informal word for mother

hsk-1vocabularya1
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance; purpose

HSK 4 | noun | the deeper value or significance of something

hsk-4vocabularyb1
CF 463B - Caisa and Pylons

We are given a sequence of pylons arranged in a line, starting from position 0 up to position n. The first pylon is fixed at height 0, and every other pylon has a given height.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingbrute-forceimplementationmath
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) — hotel

HSK 2 | noun | hotel; guest house; lodging establishment

hsk-2vocabularya1
沟通 (gōutōng) — Communicate, communication

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to communicate; mutual exchange of information or feelings

hsk-5vocabularyb2
送 (sòng) — to give / send / see off

HSK 3 | verb | to give as a gift, deliver, or accompany someone when they leave

hsk-3vocabularya2
Transportation Vocabulary — Japanese N1

Essential Japanese vocabulary for trains, buses, taxis, traffic, directions. N1 level reference with readings, romaji, and examples.

japanesevocabularyn1transportation
热闹 (rènao) — lively / bustling

HSK 3 | adjective / noun | lively, bustling, full of activity and noise

hsk-3vocabularya2
〜をよそに (regardless of / oblivious to / ignoring)

N1 grammar pattern 〜をよそに: expressing that someone proceeds obliviously or indifferently to something (worries, expectations, circumstances) that should be relevant to them.

japanesen1grammarjlptをよそに
重要 (zhòngyào) — important

HSK 3 | adjective | of great significance or consequence; not to be overlooked

hsk-3vocabularya2
〜ばかりか — JLPT N2 Grammar

Learn how to use 〜ばかりか (bakari ka) to express 'not only ~ but even ~' with an emphasis on escalating or surprising addition. Includes structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.

japanesegrammarn2jlpt
否定 (fǒudìng) — Negate

HSK 4 | verb/adjective | to negate, to deny; negative

hsk-4vocabularyb1
参考 (cānkǎo) — to refer to; reference

HSK 3 | verb/noun | to consult or use as a reference

hsk-3vocabularya2
Lesson 3: Compound Words

Learn how Esperanto's unlimited compounding system works to create precise, expressive vocabulary from simple roots.

esperantob1lesson
请 (qǐng) — please, to invite, to treat

HSK 2 | verb/adverb | please (polite request), to invite, to treat someone

hsk-2vocabularya1
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) — how are you?

HSK 1 | greeting phrase | asks about someone's wellbeing

hsk-1vocabularya1
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming

HSK 2 | verb | to swim; also used as a noun for the sport of swimming

hsk-2vocabularya1
Lesson 15: Media & News

Report and discuss news using 据...报道, 消息说, and media vocabulary at B1 level.

hsk-4lessonb1
朋友 (péngyou) — friend

HSK 4 | noun | friend; companion

hsk-4vocabularyb1
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient / patience

HSK 4 | adjective / noun | patient; patience

hsk-4vocabularyb1
Lesson 4: Direction Complements

Learn how direction complements combine with verbs to describe movement toward or away from the speaker, a key feature of Mandarin spatial expression.

hsk-3lessona2
面包 (miànbāo) — bread

HSK 3 | noun | bread; a baked flour product

hsk-3vocabularya2
病人 (bìngrén) — patient, sick person

HSK 4 | noun | a person who is ill or receiving medical treatment

hsk-4vocabularyb1
Lesson 7: Formal Negation Patterns

Express nuanced doubt and negation using 没有...那么, 不见得, 未必, and related patterns at B1 level.

hsk-4lessonb1
动词+不/得+结果 — verb + potential complement

HSK 3 | grammar pattern | expresses whether an action can or cannot achieve its result

hsk-3vocabularya2grammar
改变 (gǎibiàn) — to change; to alter; change

HSK 4 | verb / noun | making or experiencing a shift in condition or nature

hsk-4vocabularyb1
語 — Kanji Reference

語 (language, word): 14 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ゴ. Kun: かた-る、かた-らう.

japanesekanjin5writing
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional

HSK 4 | noun/adj | customs and practices passed down through generations

hsk-4vocabularyb1
缩小 (suōxiǎo) — to narrow; to reduce; to shrink

HSK 4 | verb | to make smaller or narrower

hsk-4vocabularyb1
修改 (xiūgǎi) — to revise; to modify; to amend

HSK 4 | verb | to make changes to improve or correct something

hsk-4vocabularyb1
范围 (fànwéi) — range; scope; extent

HSK 4 | noun | the range or scope of something

hsk-4vocabularyb1
诞生 (dànshēng) — to be born; birth

HSK 5 | verb / noun | to come into existence; the birth or emergence of something

hsk-5vocabularyb2
Kyoiku Kanji by School Grade

Complete reference of the 1,026 Kyoiku kanji (教育漢字) taught in Japanese elementary school grades 1–6, with stroke counts, key readings, and meanings.

japanesekanjikyoikugrade-levelslanguage-learning
Lesson 4: Prefixes — mal-, ek-, re-, dis-, mis-

Learn five productive Esperanto prefixes that multiply your vocabulary by expressing opposites, beginnings, repetition, dispersal, and errors.

esperantoa2lesson
批评 (pīpíng) — to criticize

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to criticize, point out faults; criticism

hsk-3vocabularya2
语言 (yǔyán) — language

HSK 3 | noun | a system of communication used by a group of people

hsk-3vocabularya2
干旱 (gānhàn) — drought; arid

HSK 5 | noun/adjective | a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall; dry and parched

hsk-5vocabularyb2
入 — Kanji Reference

入 (enter): 2 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ニュウ. Kun: い-る、い-れる、はい-る.

japanesekanjin5writing