#hsk-2
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity, chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 means opportunity or chance. 机 here carries the sense of "a critical moment" and 会 means "occasion." Together they describe a favorable window of time to act. Meanings [noun] Opportunity, chance. Example Sentences 这是一个很好的机会。 Zhè shì yīgè hěn hǎo de jīhuì. This is a great opportunity. 我没有机会去中国。 Wǒ méiyǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó. I haven't had the chance to go to China. 希望你抓住这个机会。 Xīwàng nǐ zhuā zhù zhège...
担心 (dānxīn) — to worry; to be concerned
担心 (dānxīn) 担心 means to worry or to be concerned. It can be followed directly by a noun phrase or a full clause. The subject of the worry and the cause of the worry can be the same or different people. The negative 别担心 (don't worry) is one of the most common uses. Meanings [verb] To worry; to be concerned. Used with a noun phrase: 担心他 (worried about him). Also...
干净 (gānjìng) — clean; tidy
干净 (gānjìng) 干净 describes something free of dirt, mess, or impurity. It works as a predicate adjective (桌子很干净 — the table is clean) or a pre-noun modifier (干净的衣服 — clean clothes). Its opposite is 脏 (zāng — dirty). Meanings [adj] Clean; spotless — free of dirt or stains. [adj] Tidy; neat — well-organized and orderly. Example Sentences 这家餐厅非常干净。 Zhè jiā cāntīng fēicháng gānjìng. This restaurant is extremely clean. 请把手洗干净。 Qǐng...
记得 (jìde) — to remember
记得 (jìde) 记得 means to remember or to recall something. 记 means "to record/memorize" and 得 here is a resultative complement indicating success: you recorded it and it stuck. The opposite is 忘了 (wàng le), to forget. Meanings [verb] To remember, to recall. Example Sentences 我记得你说过这句话。 Wǒ jìde nǐ shuō guò zhè jù huà. I remember you said that. 你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma? Do you remember his...
男 (nán) — male, man
男 (nán) 男 means male or man. It is used as an adjective before nouns (男生, 男朋友) or as a noun referring to a male person. Its opposite is 女 (nǚ), female. Meanings [adjective] Male. [noun] A man, a boy. Example Sentences 他是一个男生。 Tā shì yīgè nánshēng. He is a male student / a boy. 男厕所在右边。 Nán cèsuǒ zài yòubiān. The men's restroom is on the right. 她有一个男朋友。 Tā yǒu...
公司 (gōngsī) — company; firm
公司 (gōngsī) 公司 is the standard word for a company, firm, or corporation. It covers businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large multinationals. The measure word for companies is 家 (jiā): 一家公司 (a company). Meanings [noun] Company; firm; corporation. An organized business entity. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有一千多名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yīqiān duō míng yuángōng....
啤酒 (píjiǔ) — beer
啤酒 (píjiǔ) 啤酒 means beer. 啤 is a phonetic borrowing representing "beer" and 酒 means alcoholic drink. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in China. Meanings [noun] Beer. Example Sentences 你喜欢喝啤酒吗？ Nǐ xǐhuān hē píjiǔ ma? Do you like drinking beer? 我要一瓶啤酒。 Wǒ yào yī píng píjiǔ. I want a bottle of beer. 天热的时候喝冰啤酒很舒服。 Tiān rè de shíhou hē bīng píjiǔ hěn shūfu. Drinking cold beer when it's...
次 (cì) — time; occurrence; order
次 (cì) 次 is the measure word for occurrences or instances of an action — equivalent to "time" as in "three times." It differs from 遍 (biàn), which emphasizes completing the full course of an action, while 次 simply counts how many times something happened. Meanings [measure word] Time; occurrence. Counts how many times an action takes place. [noun/adjective] Order; sequence; second (in rank). Used in compounds like 次序 (order)...
爬山 (páshān) — to climb a mountain, hiking
爬山 (páshān) 爬山 means to climb a mountain or go hiking. 爬 means to crawl or climb and 山 means mountain. It is a verb-object phrase and a popular leisure activity in China. Meanings [verb phrase] To climb a mountain, to go hiking. Example Sentences 周末我们去爬山吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù páshān ba. Let's go hiking this weekend. 他喜欢爬山，每个月都去一次。 Tā xǐhuān páshān, měi gè yuè dōu qù yī cì. He likes hiking...
Lesson 13: Talking About the Past
Overview Chinese has two distinct ways of talking about the past: the completion marker 了 (covered in Lesson 4) and the experiential marker 过 (guò). Where 了 says something happened, 过 says you have had the experience of something at some point in your life. This lesson focuses on 过, the contrast between 以前 and 以后, and vocabulary for discussing memories and life experiences. Learning Objectives Use 过 to express...
旁边 (pángbiān) — beside, next to
旁边 (pángbiān) 旁边 means beside or next to. It is a location word (localizer) placed after a noun to indicate the space immediately adjacent to something. Structure: Noun + 旁边. Meanings [noun / localizer] The side, beside, next to. Example Sentences 银行旁边有一家咖啡店。 Yínháng pángbiān yǒu yī jiā kāfēi diàn. There is a café next to the bank. 请坐在我旁边。 Qǐng zuò zài wǒ pángbiān. Please sit beside me. 书包在椅子旁边。 Shūbāo zài...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist. It functions both as a verb and as a noun, so you can "give 帮助" or "帮助 someone do something." Meanings [verb] To help; to assist. Often followed by a person object and then a verb phrase. [noun] Help; assistance. Can be the object of verbs like 给 (to give) or 需要 (to need). Example Sentences 谢谢你的帮助。 Xièxie nǐ de bāngzhù. Thank...
Lesson 8: Health & At the Doctor
Overview Medical situations require specific, clear communication. This lesson covers how to describe what is wrong, answer questions about how long symptoms have lasted, and understand what a doctor tells you to do. Even at the A1+ level, knowing these phrases can be genuinely important in an emergency or routine clinic visit. Learning Objectives Describe physical symptoms clearly with body part + 痛/不舒服 Answer 哪里不舒服 and 痛了多长时间 questions Understand common...
希望 (xīwàng) — to hope, hope
希望 (xīwàng) Expresses a desire for something desirable but uncertain, similar to "I hope that..." Key contrast: 希望 is used for things you hope may happen (uncertain outcome), while 想 expresses wanting something or missing someone. Meanings [verb] To hope (that something will happen). [noun] Hope, aspiration. Example Sentences 我希望你一切都好。 Wǒ xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. I hope everything is going well for you. 她希望明年去中国留学。 Tā xīwàng míngnián qù Zhōngguó...
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) — hotel
宾馆 (bīnguǎn) 宾馆 is the standard Mandarin word for a hotel or guesthouse. It is used for mid-range to upscale accommodations. Related words: 酒店 (jiǔdiàn) is also common for hotel, and 旅馆 (lǚguǎn) refers to a smaller, more basic inn. Meanings [noun] Hotel; guesthouse. A place that provides lodging for paying guests. Example Sentences 我住在市中心的一家宾馆里。 Wǒ zhù zài shì zhōngxīn de yī jiā bīnguǎn lǐ. I am staying at a...
安静 (ānjìng) — quiet; calm; peaceful
安静 (ānjìng) 安静 describes a state of quiet or calm, either of a place or of a person's behavior. It can serve as a predicate adjective (这里很安静 — it's quiet here) or as an imperative (安静！— Be quiet!). It describes both physical silence and inner peacefulness. Meanings [adj] Quiet; silent — low noise level, peaceful surroundings. [adj] Calm; still — composed, not agitated or disruptive. Example Sentences 图书馆里很安静。 Túshūguǎn lǐ...
事情 (shìqing) — matter, thing, affair
事情 (shìqing) Refers to an affair, matter, or situation that involves doing or handling something. It is broader than 东西 (physical things) and covers events, tasks, and issues in daily life. Meanings [noun] Matter, affair, business, thing (non-physical). Example Sentences 我有一件事情想告诉你。 Wǒ yǒu yī jiàn shìqing xiǎng gàosu nǐ. I have something I want to tell you. 这件事情很重要。 Zhè jiàn shìqing hěn zhòngyào. This matter is very important. 他今天有很多事情要做。 Tā...
找到 (zhǎo dào) — to find; to successfully locate
找到 (zhǎo dào) 找到 is a verb + result complement. 找 means "to look for / search" and 到 is the result complement indicating that the searching action reached its goal — you actually found it. Without 到, 找 is just the act of searching (outcome unknown). 找不到 means "can't find" and 没找到 means "searched but didn't find." Meanings [v+comp] Find; locate — the search was successful. [v+comp] Track down;...
差 (chā / chà) — difference; lacking; poor
差 (chā / chà) 差 has two common readings with different meanings. As chā (1st tone) it refers to a difference or gap between two quantities. As chà (4th tone) it means poor quality, substandard, or lacking something. Context and tone are what distinguish them. Meanings [noun] chā Difference; gap. Used in math and in expressions about the gap between two values. [adjective] chà Poor; bad; lacking. Describes something that...
写完 (xiě wán) — to finish writing
写完 (xiě wán) 写完 is a verb + result complement. 写 means "to write" and 完 is the result complement meaning "finished / done completely." Together they mean writing has been finished to completion — nothing is left undone. The complement 完 can attach to many verbs (做完, 吃完, 看完) to express the same idea of total completion. The negative is 没写完 (didn't finish writing) or 写不完 (can't finish writing)....
一起 (yīqǐ) — together, all at once
一起 (yīqǐ) An adverb meaning "together" or "at the same time." Placed before the verb to indicate that two or more people do something jointly. Also used as an invitation to do something together. Meanings [adv] Together, jointly, at the same time. Example Sentences 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù ba! Let's go together! 他们一起学习中文。 Tāmen yīqǐ xuéxí Zhōngwén. They study Chinese together. 你可以和我一起来。 Nǐ kěyǐ hé wǒ yīqǐ lái. You can...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a versatile sentence-final particle. At HSK 2 level, it appears in three main roles: making suggestions, softening assumptions, and forming tag questions. It always carries a neutral tone (ba). Meanings [particle] Suggestion or invitation: "let's..." or "shall we...?" Placed at the end of a proposal to make it sound friendly rather than commanding. [particle] Assumption or inference: "I suppose..." or "probably..." Used when the speaker thinks...
上班 (shàngbān) — to go to work, to be at work
上班 (shàngbān) A verb-object compound meaning to go to work or to be on duty. The opposite is 下班 (xiàbān), to get off work. It refers to the act of starting or being at one's work shift. Meanings [verb] To go to work, to start work, to be at work. Example Sentences 我每天八点上班。 Wǒ měi tiān bā diǎn shàngbān. I go to work at eight o'clock every day. 他今天不舒服，没去上班。 Tā...
再 (zài) — again (future), then, more
再 (zài) An adverb meaning "again" for future or hypothetical repetition. Key contrast with 又 (yòu): 再 is used for actions that will happen again or are being requested, while 又 describes repetition that has already occurred. Meanings [adv] Again (future repetition), one more time. [adv] Then (after something else happens first). [adv] More, further (with adjectives or longer). Example Sentences 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. Please say it...
让 (ràng) — let, make, allow
让 (ràng) A pivotal verb used in the pattern 让 + person + verb, meaning "let someone do" or "make someone do." It can express permission, request, or causation. In informal speech it also functions as a passive marker meaning "by." Meanings [verb] To let, to allow (someone to do something). [verb] To make, to cause (someone to do or feel something). [verb] To yield, to give way to someone....
国家 (guójiā) — country, nation
国家 (guójiā) 国家 means country or nation. 国 means "country/state" and 家 means "home/family," together conveying the idea of a nation as a collective home. Meanings [noun] Country, nation, state. Example Sentences 你的国家在哪里？ Nǐ de guójiā zài nǎlǐ? Where is your country? 中国是一个大国家。 Zhōngguó shì yīgè dà guójiā. China is a large country. 每个国家都有自己的文化。 Měigè guójiā dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà. Every country has its own culture. 他来自一个很小的国家。 Tā láizì...
从 (cóng) — from; since
从 (cóng) 从 marks the starting point of a journey, a period of time, or a sequence of events. It is placed before the starting location or time, and the destination or end point usually follows later in the sentence. Meanings [preposition] From (a place). Marks the point of departure or origin in space. [preposition] From; since (a time). Marks the starting point of a time period. Example Sentences 我从北京来。...
最 (zuì) — most; -est (superlative)
最 (zuì) 最 is the superlative marker in Chinese. It always goes directly before an adjective or verb, never after it. Use it to form "the most…" or the "-est" form in English: 最好 (best), 最大 (biggest), 最喜欢 (like most). No additional words like 的 are needed between 最 and the adjective. Meanings [adv] Most; -est — forms the superlative of adjectives and stative verbs. [adv] Best; to the highest...
层 (céng) — floor; layer; storey
层 (céng) 层 is both a measure word for floors or stories of a building and for layers of any stacked substance. When counting floors, Chinese ground floor is 一层 (yī céng), equivalent to the first floor in American English or ground floor in British English. Meanings [measure word] Floor; storey. Used with numbers to indicate which level of a building. [measure word/noun] Layer. Used for anything arranged in horizontal...
Lesson 14: Feelings & Emotions
Overview Expressing how you feel and understanding how others feel is fundamental to genuine communication. Chinese has a rich set of emotion words, and this lesson covers the key structures for expressing both personal emotions and the emotions that situations cause. The 感到 and 让我 patterns in particular are versatile and appear constantly in real conversation. Learning Objectives Use 感到 + emotion word to describe how you feel Use 让我...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is an adjective meaning important or significant. It follows the standard adjective pattern: 很重要 (very important), 不重要 (not important), 最重要 (most important). It can also precede a noun as a modifier: 重要的事情 (an important matter). Meanings [adj] Important; significant — of great value or consequence. [adj] Essential; critical — cannot be overlooked or neglected. Example Sentences 健康比金钱更重要。 Jiànkāng bǐ jīnqián gèng zhòngyào. Health is more important than...
热情 (rèqíng) — warm, enthusiastic, passionate
热情 (rèqíng) Describes a person who is warm, friendly, and enthusiastic in dealing with others. As a noun it means passion or enthusiasm. It is often used to praise someone's hospitality or eagerness. Meanings [adj] Warm, enthusiastic, hospitable. [noun] Passion, enthusiasm, warmth. Example Sentences 她对客人很热情。 Tā duì kèrén hěn rèqíng. She is very warm toward guests. 他对工作充满热情。 Tā duì gōngzuò chōngmǎn rèqíng. He is full of passion for his work....
认为 (rènwéi) — to think, to consider, to believe
认为 (rènwéi) Used to express a personal opinion or belief, equivalent to "I think that..." or "I consider..." It introduces a clause and is more formal than 觉得, focusing on intellectual judgment rather than feelings. Meanings [verb] To think that, to consider, to be of the opinion that. Example Sentences 我认为这个方法很好。 Wǒ rènwéi zhège fāngfǎ hěn hǎo. I think this method is very good. 他认为学中文不难。 Tā rènwéi xué Zhōngwén bù...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting, fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) Means interesting or fun. Literally "has meaning/significance." Used to express that something is engaging or amusing. The opposite is 没意思 (méi yìsi), boring or pointless. Meanings [adj phrase] Interesting, fun, amusing, worth your attention. Example Sentences 这本书很有意思。 Zhè běn shū hěn yǒu yìsi. This book is very interesting. 中国文化很有意思。 Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn yǒu yìsi. Chinese culture is very interesting. 这个游戏一点也不有意思。 Zhège yóuxì yīdiǎn yě bù yǒu yìsi....
明白 (míngbai) — to understand, clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something, especially a situation, intention, or meaning. It often captures the moment of suddenly grasping something. Key contrast: 懂 (dǒng) is used for understanding a skill or subject (I understand Chinese grammar), while 明白 is for understanding a specific situation, message, or meaning. Meanings [verb] To understand, to realize (a situation or meaning). [adjective] Clear, obvious. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？...
地方 (dìfāng) — place; area; part
地方 (dìfāng) 地方 is a general word for place or location. It can refer to a physical location, a region, or an abstract "part" of something (as in "there are some parts I don't understand"). It is more abstract and general than 地点 (dìdiǎn), which refers to a specific, named location. Meanings [noun] Place; location; area. A physical spot or region. [noun] Part; aspect. A specific element of something abstract,...
篇 (piān) — piece of writing; article (measure word)
篇 (piān) 篇 is the measure word for complete pieces of written work: articles, essays, compositions, reports, and chapters. Use it when the writing is a whole, finished piece rather than a fragment. It is the right choice for 作文 (composition), 文章 (article), 日记 (diary entry), and 报告 (report). Meanings [mw] Piece; article — counts a complete written or composed work. [mw] Essay; composition — specifically for student writing or...
刚才 (gāngcái) — just now; a moment ago
刚才 (gāngcái) 刚才 means "just now" or "a moment ago" and always refers to a completed action in the past. Compare with 刚 (gāng), which means "just" and focuses on actions that are very recent but can still be ongoing or present: 他刚来 (He just arrived, he's here now) vs. 他刚才来了 (He came a moment ago, he may have left). 刚才 is only past tense; 刚 can be used for...
早 (zǎo) — early, morning
早 (zǎo) Means early or pertaining to the morning. Used as an adjective describing time, as an adverb modifying a verb, and as an informal morning greeting (早！ = Morning!). The opposite is 晚 (wǎn, late). Meanings [adj] Early, not late. [adv] Early on, long ago already. [greeting] Good morning (short for 早上好). Example Sentences 你今天来得很早。 Nǐ jīntiān lái de hěn zǎo. You arrived very early today. 我早就知道这件事了。 Wǒ zǎo...
Lesson 12: Work & Colleagues
Overview Workplace conversations are a daily reality for most adults, and Chinese has specific vocabulary and patterns for talking about jobs, colleagues, meetings, and salary. This lesson covers how to describe what you do, where you work, and how to use key workplace vocabulary in natural, contextually appropriate ways. Learning Objectives Use 在公司工作 and 是...的 to describe employment Use key collocations for workplace actions (开会, 出差, 加班) Introduce job titles...
段 (duàn) — section; segment; paragraph (measure word)
段 (duàn) 段 is a measure word for sections or segments cut from a longer whole. It counts stretches of road (一段路), paragraphs of text (一段话 / 一段文章), periods of time (一段时间), and segments of things like rope or pipe. The key idea is a delimited portion cut from something continuous. Meanings [mw] Section; segment — a portion of something continuous (road, text, rope, timeline). [mw] Paragraph; passage — used...
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient; easy to use
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 describes things that are convenient, handy, or easy to do. It can describe locations (交通方便 — convenient transport), actions (这样做比较方便 — this way is more convenient), or be used in polite requests (方便的话… — if it's convenient for you…). Meanings [adj] Convenient; handy — easy to use, access, or do. [adj] Suitable; appropriate — used in polite questions about whether the time is right. Example Sentences 这里交通很方便。...
所以 (suǒyǐ) — so, therefore, that is why
所以 (suǒyǐ) A conjunction that introduces a result or conclusion. It is almost always paired with 因为 (yīnwèi, because) in the pattern 因为…所以… meaning "because... therefore..." Either part may be omitted in conversation. Meanings [conj] So, therefore, that is why (introducing a result or conclusion). Example Sentences 因为下雨，所以我没出去。 Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi chūqù. Because it was raining, I did not go out. 他生病了，所以没来上课。 Tā shēng bìng le, suǒyǐ...
不客气 (bú kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bú kèqi) 不客气 is the standard polite response to 谢谢 (thank you). It literally means "don't be polite" or "no need for formality," making it feel warmer than a simple "you're welcome." Note the tone change: 不 is normally bù (4th tone) but becomes bú (2nd tone) before another 4th-tone syllable. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it. Used as a reply to thanks. [phrase] Don't be so polite;...
迟到 (chídào) — to be late; to arrive late
迟到 (chídào) 迟到 is a verb-object compound: 迟 (chí) means "late/slow" and 到 (dào) means "to arrive." Together they express arriving or showing up after the expected time. Because it is a verb-object compound, time expressions and 了 attach after the whole word. Meanings [verb] To be late; to arrive late. Used for being late to a scheduled event, class, meeting, or appointment. Example Sentences 对不起，我迟到了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le....
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious; earnest; conscientious
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes an attitude of taking something seriously and giving it your full, careful attention. It can modify behavior (认真工作 — work conscientiously) or describe a person (她很认真 — she is very serious/diligent). It is distinct from 努力 (hard work in terms of effort) — 认真 emphasizes carefulness and focus. Meanings [adj] Serious; earnest — taking something with genuine care and attention. [adj] Conscientious; meticulous — thorough and...
花 (huā) — flower; to spend (money/time)
花 (huā) 花 has two core uses: as a noun it means flower, and as a verb it means to spend money or time. Context makes the meaning clear. Both uses are common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Flower, blossom. [verb] To spend (money or time). Example Sentences 桌子上有一束花。 Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yī shù huā. There is a bunch of flowers on the table. 这件衣服花了我很多钱。 Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le...
对 (duì) — correct; right; toward; to
对 (duì) 对 is one of the most versatile characters in Mandarin. As an adjective it means correct or right. As a preposition it means "toward" or "to" someone, introducing who an action is directed at. It also appears in the common affirmative reply 对 (correct/yes, that's right). Meanings [adjective] Correct; right. The answer or action matches what is expected. [preposition] Toward; to; regarding. Introduces the person or thing that...
声音 (shēngyīn) — sound, voice, noise
声音 (shēngyīn) Refers to any audible sound, including a person's voice, music, noise, or any acoustic signal. It covers both natural sounds and the human voice. Meanings [noun] Sound, noise. [noun] Voice (of a person). Example Sentences 外面的声音很大。 Wàimiàn de shēngyīn hěn dà. The sound outside is very loud. 她的声音很好听。 Tā de shēngyīn hěn hǎotīng. Her voice is very pleasant. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。 Wǒ tīng dào le yīgè qíguài de shēngyīn. I...
东西 (dōngxi) — thing; stuff
东西 (dōngxi) 东西 literally combines East (东) and West (西) but in everyday Mandarin it simply means "thing" or "stuff." It is the go-to word for any physical object when you do not know or need to specify its exact name. Note the neutral tone on 西 in this compound: dōngxi, not dōngxī. Meanings [noun] Thing; stuff; object. Refers to any concrete item or possession. Example Sentences 你买了什么东西？ Nǐ mǎi...
双 (shuāng) — pair; both; double (measure word)
双 (shuāng) 双 is the measure word for things that come in pairs: shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, eyes, and hands. It can also function as an adjective meaning "double" or "both." Compare it with 对 (duì), which is used for couples of people or matched sets like earrings. Meanings [mw] Pair — counts objects that naturally come in twos (shoes, socks, chopsticks). [adj] Double; both; twin — describes something that...
同意 (tóngyì) — to agree, to consent
同意 (tóngyì) Means to agree with an opinion, or to consent to a request or plan. It can be used with a person (agree with someone) or with a proposal (agree to something). Meanings [verb] To agree, to consent, to approve. Example Sentences 我同意你的看法。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I agree with your view. 他不同意这个计划。 Tā bù tóngyì zhège jìhuà. He does not agree with this plan. 你同意还是不同意？ Nǐ tóngyì...
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming
游泳 (yóuyǒng) A verb-object compound meaning to swim. Also used as a noun to refer to the sport or activity of swimming. The object 泳 (the swimming stroke/motion) is inseparable in most common uses. Meanings [verb] To swim. [noun] Swimming (as an activity or sport). Example Sentences 他每天早上去游泳。 Tā měi tiān zǎoshang qù yóuyǒng. He goes swimming every morning. 你会游泳吗？ Nǐ huì yóuyǒng ma? Can you swim? 游泳对身体很好。 Yóuyǒng duì...
回答 (huídá) — to answer, to reply
回答 (huídá) 回答 means to answer or reply, especially in response to a direct question. 回 means "return" and 答 means "reply," together forming "returning a reply." Meanings [verb] To answer, to reply (a question). [noun] An answer, a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí. Please answer my question. 他的回答很好。 Tā de huídá hěn hǎo. His answer was very good. 我不知道怎么回答。 Wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme huídá. I...
自己 (zìjǐ) — oneself; myself/yourself/himself
自己 (zìjǐ) 自己 is a reflexive pronoun meaning "oneself." Unlike English, the same form works for all persons: 我自己 (myself), 你自己 (yourself), 他自己 (himself). It emphasizes that the subject performs the action independently, without help. It can follow the subject for emphasis or replace a pronoun object. Meanings [pron] Oneself — reflexive, referring back to the subject of the sentence. [pron] By oneself; on one's own — stressing independence or...
Lesson 6: At the Restaurant
Overview Eating out is a daily activity in China, and restaurants are one of the first real-world contexts where Chinese learners need to communicate confidently. This lesson covers how to get a server's attention, order dishes, ask about ingredients, make special requests, and pay the bill. The patterns here are high-frequency and immediately useful. Learning Objectives Use 给我 + Noun to order food and make requests Ask for permission or...
红 (hóng) — red
红 (hóng) 红 means red. In Chinese culture red symbolizes good luck, happiness, and celebration. It appears frequently in words related to festivals, envelopes, and traffic lights. Meanings [adjective] Red (the color). [adjective] Popular, successful (informal, as in 走红 "to become famous"). Example Sentences 她穿了一件红裙子。 Tā chuān le yī jiàn hóng qúnzi. She wore a red dress. 红灯停，绿灯行。 Hóng dēng tíng, lǜ dēng xíng. Stop on red, go on green....
着急 (zháojí) — anxious, worried, in a hurry
着急 (zháojí) Describes a state of anxiety, worry, or urgency. Used when someone is nervous about a situation or feels pressed for time. Common in the phrase 别着急 (don't worry / take it easy). Meanings [adj/verb] To be anxious, worried, or in a hurry; to feel urgent concern. Example Sentences 别着急，还有时间。 Bié zháojí, hái yǒu shíjiān. Don't worry. There is still time. 他很着急，一直看表。 Tā hěn zháojí, yīzhí kàn biǎo. He...
Lesson 7: Shopping & Bargaining
Overview Whether you are in a street market, a mall, or a small shop, knowing how to discuss prices and negotiate in Chinese opens up a huge range of everyday interactions. This lesson covers the key vocabulary for shopping, how to bargain politely, express that something is too expensive, and handle exchanges or refunds. Learning Objectives Ask for prices and express reactions with 太贵了 Negotiate using 能不能便宜一点 and 打折 Understand...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to a populated urban center as opposed to 农村 (nóngcūn, countryside) or 农村 (xiāngcūn, rural village). Both characters contribute to the meaning: 城 means a walled town or city, and 市 means market or municipality. Meanings [noun] City; urban area. Any significant populated urban settlement. Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one...
多么 (duōme) — how; what a; so very
多么 (duōme) 多么 is an exclamation intensifier used to express strong emotion or admiration. It appears before an adjective in exclamatory sentences, often paired with 啊 at the end. It translates as "how," "what a," or "so very." It is not used in regular questions; use 多 (duō) for those: 你多高？(How tall are you?) Meanings [adverb] How; what a; so very. Used in exclamatory sentences to intensify the adjective that...
错 (cuò) — wrong; mistake; bad
错 (cuò) 错 means wrong or mistaken. It is used to describe an incorrect answer, action, or situation. In colloquial speech, 不错 (bú cuò) is a common expression meaning "not bad" or "pretty good," which is its own useful phrase to learn alongside 错. Meanings [adjective] Wrong; incorrect; mistaken. Describes something that does not match the expected or correct version. [noun] Mistake; error. Used in expressions about faults and corrections....
拿 (ná) — to take, to hold, to carry
拿 (ná) 拿 means to take, hold, or carry something with the hand. It implies using your hand to pick up or hold an object. It is a physical, hands-on action. Meanings [verb] To take, to pick up, to hold (with the hand). [verb] To carry, to bring. Example Sentences 你能帮我拿一下这个吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ná yīxià zhège ma? Can you help me hold this for a moment? 她手里拿着一本书。 Tā...
公斤 (gōngjīn) — kilogram
公斤 (gōngjīn) 公斤 is the standard Chinese term for kilogram, the metric unit of mass. 公 indicates "metric/official" (from 公制, the metric system) and 斤 is the traditional Chinese unit of weight (approximately 500 grams). So 公斤 is literally "official jin," standardized to 1,000 grams. Meanings [measure word/noun] Kilogram (kg). Used to measure weight in the metric system. Example Sentences 这个西瓜有五公斤。 Zhège xīguā yǒu wǔ gōngjīn. This watermelon weighs five...
满意 (mǎnyì) — satisfied, content
满意 (mǎnyì) 满意 means satisfied or content, used when something meets your expectations or desires. 满 means "full/filled" and 意 means "intention/meaning," together conveying "filled with the intended result." Meanings [adjective] Satisfied, content, pleased. Example Sentences 我对这个结果很满意。 Wǒ duì zhège jiéguǒ hěn mǎnyì. I am very satisfied with this result. 老师对学生的表现很满意。 Lǎoshī duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn hěn mǎnyì. The teacher is very satisfied with the students' performance. 你满意吗？ Nǐ mǎnyì...
Lesson 9: Phone & Communication
Overview Modern Chinese communication is dominated by smartphones and apps, especially WeChat. This lesson covers the vocabulary and structures for making phone calls, sending messages, and discussing digital communication. These phrases come up constantly in daily life and are essential for staying connected in a Chinese-speaking environment. Learning Objectives Use 打电话 and related verb compounds for communication actions Ask and answer questions about availability with 方便 and 在线 Describe messaging...
跑步 (pǎobù) — to run, jogging
跑步 (pǎobù) 跑步 means to run or jog. 跑 means to run and 步 means step. It is a verb-object phrase used for running as exercise or sport. It is one of the most common fitness activities mentioned in Chinese. Meanings [verb phrase] To run, to jog. Example Sentences 我每天早上跑步。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang pǎobù. I go jogging every morning. 跑步对健康很有好处。 Pǎobù duì jiànkāng hěn yǒu hǎochù. Running is very beneficial...
船 (chuán) — boat; ship
船 (chuán) 船 is the general word for any watercraft — a rowboat, ferry, or ocean liner. The measure word is 艘 (sōu) for larger ships, but 条 (tiáo) or simply 一条船 are also common in everyday speech. Meanings [noun] Boat; ship; vessel. Any vehicle that travels on water. Example Sentences 我们坐船去那个小岛。 Wǒmen zuò chuán qù nàgè xiǎodǎo. We took a boat to that small island. 河上有很多船。 Hé shàng yǒu...
当然 (dāngrán) — of course; certainly
当然 (dāngrán) 当然 expresses that something is obvious, expected, or goes without saying. It functions like "of course," "naturally," or "certainly" in English and typically appears at the start of a sentence or before a verb. Meanings [adverb] Of course; naturally; certainly. Indicates that the statement is self-evident or expected. Example Sentences 你能来吗？— 当然能！ Nǐ néng lái ma? — Dāngrán néng! Can you come? — Of course I can! 当然，我很喜欢吃中国菜。...
健康 (jiànkāng) — healthy; health
健康 (jiànkāng) 健康 functions both as an adjective (healthy) and a noun (health). As an adjective it modifies people and lifestyles: 你身体很健康 (you are in good health). As a noun it follows 为了 (for the sake of) or 注意 (pay attention to): 注意健康 (take care of your health). Meanings [adj] Healthy; in good health — physically or mentally well. [n] Health — one's state of physical or mental well-being. Example...
特别 (tèbié) — especially; particularly; special
特别 (tèbié) 特别 serves as both an intensifying adverb (especially, particularly — stronger than 很) and a descriptive adjective (special, unusual). As an adverb it sits before adjectives or verbs: 特别好吃 (especially delicious). As an adjective it describes things that stand out from the norm: 这很特别 (this is special/unusual). Meanings [adv] Especially; particularly — an intensifier stronger than 非常, implying something exceeds expectations. [adj] Special; unique; extraordinary — different from...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary; common; standard
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or standard. It describes things that are typical and unremarkable. Its most famous compound is 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà), the standard Mandarin Chinese language. As an adjective it appears before nouns (普通的人 — an ordinary person) or after 很 (很普通 — very ordinary/nothing special). Meanings [adj] Ordinary; common — not special, typical of its kind. [adj] Standard; regular — as opposed to premium or specialized. Example...
画 (huà) — to draw, to paint; a painting
画 (huà) 画 means to draw or paint as a verb, and a drawing or painting as a noun. It covers any act of making visual art with lines or color. Meanings [verb] To draw, to paint. [noun] A picture, a painting. Example Sentences 她喜欢画画。 Tā xǐhuān huà huà. She likes drawing. (The first 画 is the verb, the second is the noun.) 他画了一幅山水画。 Tā huà le yī fú shānshuǐ...
别 (bié) — don't (imperative)
别 (bié) 别 is the negative imperative adverb meaning "don't." It precedes a verb to tell someone not to perform that action. The key distinction: 别 is a command or strong request directed at a person, while 不 simply states a factual negative. Use 别 when you want to stop or warn someone. Meanings [adverb] Don't (imperative). Commands or urges someone not to do something. Compare: 别走 (don't go —...
又 (yòu) — again (past), also, both
又 (yòu) Used before a verb to indicate that something happened again (past repetition). Key contrast with 再 (zài): 又 describes repetition that has already occurred, while 再 describes repetition that will or should happen in the future. Meanings [adv] Again (past repetition): something happened one more time. [adv] Also, both, and (linking two attributes simultaneously). Example Sentences 他又来了。 Tā yòu lái le. He came again. 她又忘记了。 Tā yòu wàngjì...
左边 (zuǒbiān) — left side; to the left
左边 (zuǒbiān) 左边 is a direction noun meaning "the left side." To say something is located to the left, use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 左边. When giving turn directions, use 向左 (turn left) or 往左走 (walk to the left) rather than 左边. Meanings [n] Left side; the left — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the left — used with 在 to place...
舒服 (shūfu) — comfortable; at ease
舒服 (shūfu) 舒服 describes a feeling of physical or emotional comfort. It is commonly used for how the body feels (身体不舒服 — feeling unwell) or how an environment feels (这把椅子很舒服 — this chair is comfortable). The negative 不舒服 is one of the most useful phrases for expressing that you feel sick or unwell. Meanings [adj] Comfortable; at ease — physically relaxed and pleasant. [adj] Feeling well — the body is...
Lesson 4: Past Events
Overview Chinese does not have tenses the way European languages do. Instead, completion and change are marked with the particle 了 (le). This lesson focuses on the verbal 了 that marks a completed action, how to negate completed actions with 没有, and time words like 刚才 (just now) and 已经 (already) that anchor events in the recent past. Learning Objectives Use V + 了 + (Object) to describe completed actions...
比 (bǐ) — than; to compare
比 (bǐ) 比 is the core comparison word in Chinese. The standard structure is A + 比 + B + adjective, meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." A key rule: you cannot add 更 (gèng) or 非常 (fēicháng) after the adjective in the same sentence with 比. Use a specific amount or simply the plain adjective instead. Meanings [preposition] Than. Introduces the second term in a comparison. [verb] To...
黑 (hēi) — black, dark
黑 (hēi) 黑 means black or dark. It describes the color black as well as darkness caused by absence of light. As an adjective it comes directly before a noun or after 很. Meanings [adjective] Black (the color). [adjective] Dark (lacking light). Example Sentences 他有一件黑衣服。 Tā yǒu yī jiàn hēi yīfu. He has a black shirt. 外面很黑，要小心。 Wàimiàn hěn hēi, yào xiǎoxīn. It is very dark outside, be careful. 那只猫是黑色的。...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) 面条 means noodles. 面 means flour or dough and 条 is the measure word for long, thin, strip-shaped items. Together they describe strips of dough: noodles. A beloved and essential Chinese food. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Example Sentences 我中午想吃面条。 Wǒ zhōngwǔ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles at noon. 妈妈做的面条很好吃。 Māma zuò de miàntiáo hěn hǎochī. The noodles mom makes are delicious. 他每天早上都吃面条。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu...
贵 (guì) — expensive; precious; honorable
贵 (guì) 贵 primarily means expensive or costly. It is the opposite of 便宜 (piányí, cheap). Beyond price, 贵 appears in polite set phrases: 贵姓 (guì xìng, may I ask your surname) and 贵国 (guì guó, your honorable country), where it means "esteemed" or "honorable." Meanings [adjective] Expensive; costly. Describes something whose price is high. [adjective] Precious; valuable; esteemed. Used in polite address to honor the listener. Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了，我买不起。...
容易 (róngyì) — easy, likely
容易 (róngyì) Describes something that requires little effort (easy) or something that is prone to happen (likely, liable to). The opposite is 难 (nán, difficult). Meanings [adj] Easy, not difficult. [adj] Likely to happen, prone to. Example Sentences 这道题很容易。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì. This question is very easy. 学汉语不容易。 Xué Hànyǔ bù róngyì. Learning Chinese is not easy. 这种天气容易感冒。 Zhè zhǒng tiānqì róngyì gǎnmào. In this kind of weather...
可以 (kěyǐ) — can, may (permission or possibility)
可以 (kěyǐ) 可以 expresses permission ("you may") or general possibility ("it is okay to"). Key contrast: 能 (néng) expresses physical ability or learned skill ("I can swim"), while 可以 expresses whether something is allowed or feasible ("you can leave now"). Meanings [modal verb] May, can (permission: you are allowed to). [modal verb] Can, be able to (possibility: it is feasible). Example Sentences 你可以在这里停车。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhèlǐ tíng chē. You...
真 (zhēn) — really, truly, genuine
真 (zhēn) Used as an adverb before adjectives or verbs to intensify meaning, equivalent to "really" or "truly." Also used as an adjective meaning genuine or real. A very common intensifier in spoken Chinese. Meanings [adv] Really, truly (intensifier before adjectives and verbs). [adj] Real, genuine, authentic. Example Sentences 这个苹果真甜！ Zhège píngguǒ zhēn tián! This apple is really sweet! 他说的是真的吗？ Tā shuō de shì zhēn de ma? Is what he...
还是 (háishì) — or (in questions)
还是 (háishì) 还是 is used to present two alternatives in a question, asking which one applies. This is a KEY learner confusion: 还是 belongs in questions, while 或者 (huòzhě) belongs in statements. Never swap them. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in questions offering a choice between A and B). [adverb] Still, nevertheless (in a different usage: 还是来吧, "you should still come"). Example Sentences 你喝茶还是咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì kāfēi? Do you...
有名 (yǒumíng) — famous; well-known
有名 (yǒumíng) 有名 is an adjective meaning famous or well-known. It is not a verb, so do not use it with a direct object. Say 他很有名 (he is very famous), not *他有名了某人. Scope can be specified with 在…很有名 (famous in/among…) or 全国有名 (nationally famous). Meanings [adj] Famous; well-known — recognized by many people. [adj] Renowned; celebrated — having a strong positive reputation in a field or area. Example Sentences 这位歌手非常有名。...
Lesson 10: Weather Deep Dive
Overview Weather is a universal conversation topic and a practical context for several important grammar patterns. This lesson goes deeper than HSK 1 weather basics, introducing 越来越 to express progressive change, the structure for reporting what a forecast says, and more precise weather vocabulary including temperature, clouds, snow, and humidity. Learning Objectives Use 越来越 + adjective to describe things getting progressively more so Report forecast information with 天气预报说... Describe weather...
做好 (zuò hǎo) — to do well; to finish properly
做好 (zuò hǎo) 做好 is a verb + result complement. 做 means "to do/make" and 好 here is not a stand-alone adjective but a result complement meaning "well / properly / to a satisfactory state." The combination means to complete something in a thorough, satisfactory way — not just finishing, but finishing well. The negative forms are 没做好 (didn't do it well) and 做不好 (can't do it well). Meanings [v+comp]...
然后 (rán hòu) — then, after that
然后 (rán hòu) A conjunction used to connect two actions or events in sequence, meaning "then" or "after that." It always follows the first completed action and introduces what comes next. Meanings [conj] Then, after that (indicating sequence of events or steps). Example Sentences 我先吃早饭，然后去上班。 Wǒ xiān chī zǎofàn, rán hòu qù shàngbān. I eat breakfast first, then go to work. 先洗手，然后再吃东西。 Xiān xǐ shǒu, rán hòu zài chī dōngxi....
机场 (jīchǎng) — airport
机场 (jīchǎng) 机场 means airport. 机 (short for 飞机, airplane) + 场 (an open ground or venue) = the ground where planes operate. Meanings [noun] Airport. Example Sentences 我明天要去机场接朋友。 Wǒ míngtiān yào qù jīchǎng jiē péngyou. Tomorrow I need to go to the airport to pick up a friend. 机场离市区很远。 Jīchǎng lí shìqū hěn yuǎn. The airport is far from the city center. 请早一点到机场。 Qǐng zǎo yīdiǎn dào jīchǎng. Please...
终于 (zhōngyú) — finally; at last
终于 (zhōngyú) 终于 expresses that something happened after a long wait or much effort. It always carries an emotional undertone, either relief or satisfaction. Place it before the verb, usually after the subject. Meanings [adv] Finally; at last — something expected or hoped for has come to pass. [adv] In the end; ultimately — after a series of events or attempts. Example Sentences 我终于找到工作了。 Wǒ zhōngyú zhǎodào gōngzuò le. I...
女 (nǚ) — female, woman
女 (nǚ) 女 means female or woman. It is used as an adjective before nouns (女生, 女朋友) or as a noun referring to a female person. Its opposite is 男 (nán), male. The character is one of the most recognizable in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] Female. [noun] A woman, a girl. Example Sentences 她是一个女生。 Tā shì yīgè nǚshēng. She is a female student / a girl. 女厕所在左边。 Nǚ cèsuǒ zài zuǒbiān....
为了 (wèile) — in order to, for the sake of
为了 (wèile) A preposition meaning "in order to" or "for the sake of," used to state the purpose or motivation behind an action. It introduces a goal and precedes the verb phrase that achieves it. Meanings [prep] In order to, for the purpose of, for the sake of. Example Sentences 为了学好汉语，他每天练习。 Wèile xuéhǎo Hànyǔ, tā měi tiān liànxí. In order to learn Chinese well, he practices every day. 她为了家人努力工作。 Tā...
身体 (shēntǐ) — body, health
身体 (shēntǐ) Refers to the physical body or to one's state of health. It is commonly used in greetings and well-wishes to inquire about or comment on someone's health. Meanings [noun] The physical body. [noun] Health, physical condition. Example Sentences 你身体好吗？ Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo ma? How is your health? 多运动对身体有好处。 Duō yùndòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochu. Exercising more is good for the body. 他身体很好，每天跑步。 Tā shēntǐ hěn hǎo, měi tiān...
出 (chū) — to go out; to exit; to emerge
出 (chū) 出 describes movement from inside to outside, or the emergence of something. It appears both as a standalone verb and as a directional complement attached to action verbs (e.g., 走出, 拿出, 说出). As a complement it indicates that the action results in something coming out or being produced. Meanings [verb] To go out; to exit; to come out. Movement from an enclosed space to the outside. [directional complement]...
努力 (nǔlì) — work hard; diligent; effort
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 is a versatile word used as a verb (to work hard), adjective (diligent), or noun (effort). As a verb it often precedes another verb to show the manner of action: 努力学习 (study hard). As a noun it appears after 付出 (put in effort) or 经过 (through effort). Meanings [v/adj] Work hard; be diligent — exert great effort toward a goal. [n] Effort; hard work — the energy...
听到 (tīng dào) — to hear; to catch (a sound)
听到 (tīng dào) 听到 is a verb + result complement. 听 means "to listen" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — the sound actually arrived and was registered. This is different from 听 alone (which just means the act of listening, without guaranteeing the sound was received). The negative is 没听到 (didn't hear) or 听不到 (can't hear). Meanings [v+comp] Hear; catch a sound...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). 季 means a season or quarter and 节 means a festival or juncture. Meanings [noun] Season (of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎge jìjié? Which season do you like most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jìjié. Autumn is my favorite season. 每个季节都有不同的水果。 Měi gè jìjié dōu...
用 (yòng) — to use, using, with
用 (yòng) As a verb it means to use or to employ something. As a preposition it introduces the instrument or method, similar to "with" or "using." It is one of the most common and versatile words in Mandarin. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ. [prep] With, by means of, using. Example Sentences 我用筷子吃饭。 Wǒ yòng kuàizi chīfàn. I eat with chopsticks. 你可以用我的手机。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng wǒ de shǒujī. You...
白 (bái) — white; in vain
白 (bái) 白 primarily means the color white. In everyday speech it also carries the extended meaning of "in vain," "for nothing," or "free of charge," which gives it more range than a simple color word. Meanings [adjective] White (color). Describes the appearance of objects. [adverb] In vain; without result; for nothing. Used before a verb to say the action produced no useful outcome. Example Sentences 她穿着一件白衬衫。 Tā chuānzhe yī...
帽子 (màozi) — hat, cap
帽子 (màozi) 帽子 means hat or cap, any head covering. The 子 is a common noun suffix. It covers all types: baseball caps, winter hats, sun hats, etc. Meanings [noun] Hat, cap. Example Sentences 他戴着一顶红帽子。 Tā dài zhe yī dǐng hóng màozi. He is wearing a red hat. 外面很冷，记得戴帽子。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, jìde dài màozi. It is very cold outside, remember to wear a hat. 这顶帽子多少钱？ Zhè dǐng màozi duōshao...
大家 (dàjiā) — everyone; everybody
大家 (dàjiā) 大家 means "everyone" or "everybody," referring to all members of a group present in the context. It is used both as a subject and as an object, and it is common in speeches, announcements, and group conversations. Meanings [pronoun] Everyone; everybody. Refers to all the people in a given group or context. Example Sentences 大家好！ Dàjiā hǎo! Hello everyone! 请大家安静一下。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng yīxià. Everyone please be quiet...
Lesson 3: Expressing Opinions
Overview Expressing what you think is one of the most important communicative skills. Chinese has several ways to introduce opinions: 觉得 (feel, think) is the most common in spoken language, while 认为 (consider, believe) is slightly more formal. This lesson also covers how to agree, disagree, and respond to others' opinions in a natural, respectful way. Learning Objectives Use 觉得 to introduce personal opinions and feelings Use 认为 in slightly...
右边 (yòubiān) — right side; to the right
右边 (yòubiān) 右边 is a direction noun meaning "the right side." Use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 右边 to express location. It pairs naturally with 左边 (left side) when giving directions or describing spatial layouts. For turning, use 向右 or 往右走. Meanings [n] Right side; the right — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the right — used with 在 to place objects in...
或者 (huòzhě) — or (in statements)
或者 (huòzhě) 或者 means "or" in statements and declarative sentences. This is a KEY learner confusion: 或者 belongs in statements, while 还是 (háishì) belongs in questions. Using 或者 in a question sounds unnatural. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in statements, not in questions). Example Sentences 你可以坐公共汽车或者打车去。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò gōnggòng qìchē huòzhě dǎ chē qù. You can take the bus or take a taxi to get there. 周六或者周日我都可以。 Zhōuliù huòzhě zhōurì...
Lesson 15: HSK 2 Review
Overview This lesson consolidates the grammar patterns and vocabulary introduced across HSK 2. Rather than introducing new material, it provides a structured review of the most important structures and the vocabulary items that distinguish HSK 2 from HSK 1. Working through this lesson will reinforce your knowledge and reveal any gaps before moving on. Learning Objectives Recall and apply all major HSK 2 grammar patterns in integrated contexts Recognize which...
首 (shǒu) — song; poem (measure word)
首 (shǒu) 首 is the measure word for songs (歌) and poems (诗). It counts each complete musical or poetic composition. While 首 literally means "head" (as in 首都 — capital city), as a measure word it is reserved for songs and poetry. Use 首 where English uses "a song" or "a poem." Meanings [mw] Song — counts individual songs as complete pieces. [mw] Poem — counts individual poems as...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) 钱 means money. It is the everyday word for money in Mandarin, used for prices, payment, and wealth. The official currency unit 元 (yuán) is used in formal contexts, but 钱 covers money in general. Meanings [noun] Money, currency. Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I have no money left. 他花了很多钱买书。 Tā huā le hěn duō qián mǎi...
生病 (shēng bìng) — to get sick, to fall ill
生病 (shēng bìng) A verb-object compound meaning to become sick or to fall ill. 生 means to give rise to, and 病 means illness. Used when someone has become unwell. Meanings [verb] To get sick, to fall ill, to be sick. Example Sentences 他生病了，在家休息。 Tā shēng bìng le, zài jiā xiūxi. He got sick and is resting at home. 天气变化大，容易生病。 Tiānqì biànhuà dà, róngyì shēng bìng. When the weather changes...
Lesson 1: Comparisons
Overview Comparisons are central to everyday conversation. In Chinese, there are three main ways to compare: using 比 (bǐ) to say something is more than another, using 没有 (méiyǒu) to say something is not as much as another, and using 一样 (yīyàng) to say two things are the same. Mastering all three gives you flexible, natural expression from the start. Learning Objectives Use A比B + adjective to make direct comparisons...
奶奶 (nǎinai) — paternal grandmother
奶奶 (nǎinai) 奶奶 specifically means your father's mother (paternal grandmother). Chinese family terms are precise about which side of the family a relative belongs to. The maternal grandmother is 外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao). Meanings [noun] Paternal grandmother (father's mother). Example Sentences 我奶奶住在北京。 Wǒ nǎinai zhù zài Běijīng. My grandmother lives in Beijing. 奶奶做的饺子最好吃。 Nǎinai zuò de jiǎozi zuì hǎochī. Grandma's dumplings are the most delicious. 我每个周末都去看奶奶。 Wǒ měi gè...
请 (qǐng) — please, to invite, to treat
请 (qǐng) Placed before a verb to make a polite request meaning "please." Also used as a verb meaning to invite someone or to treat someone to a meal or drink. Meanings [adv] Please (polite marker before a verb). [verb] To invite someone to come or attend. [verb] To treat someone to food or a drink. Example Sentences 请进，欢迎你。 Qǐng jìn, huānyíng nǐ. Please come in. Welcome. 我请你吃饭吧。 Wǒ qǐng...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear, clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) Used as an adjective meaning clear or distinct, and as a verb meaning to understand clearly. It describes both physical clarity (e.g., sound, image) and mental clarity (e.g., knowing something well). Meanings [adj] Clear, distinct, easy to perceive. [verb] To know clearly, to understand well. Example Sentences 你说得很清楚，我听懂了。 Nǐ shuō de hěn qīngchu, wǒ tīngdǒng le. You spoke very clearly; I understood. 这张照片不清楚。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn bù qīngchu....
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, occasion
时候 (shíhou) Refers to a specific point in time, a moment, or an occasion. It answers the question "when?" and is used in constructions like 的时候 (when..., at the time of...). Key contrast: 时候 is a point or occasion, while 时间 (shíjiān) refers to duration or time as an abstract concept. Meanings [noun] A point in time, a moment, an occasion. Example Sentences 我小的时候喜欢唱歌。 Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou xǐhuan chànggē....
除了 (chúle) — besides; except
除了 (chúle) 除了 introduces either an exception ("except for X, everything else...") or an addition ("besides X, also..."). The meaning flips based on what follows. With 都 it usually means "except"; with 还/也 it means "in addition to." The paired word 以外 (yǐwài) can optionally close the phrase. Meanings [preposition] Except for; other than. 除了X，都... — "Except for X, everything/everyone..." [preposition] Besides; in addition to. 除了X，还/也... — "Besides X, also..."...
总是 (zǒngshì) — always; invariably
总是 (zǒngshì) 总是 describes an action that happens every time or is characteristic of someone. It refers to a repeated habit or a defining trait, not necessarily a continuous state. This sets it apart from 一直 (yīzhí), which means "continuously" or "the whole time." Place 总是 before the verb. Meanings [adv] Always; invariably — happens every time, a consistent habit. [adv] Keeps doing; perpetually — a repeated tendency (sometimes with...
Lesson 2: Directions & Navigation
Overview Getting around in a Chinese-speaking city requires knowing how to ask for and understand directions. This lesson covers the key compass and turn vocabulary, the 从...到... (from...to...) structure for describing routes, and the directional verbs used in real navigation situations. These phrases appear constantly on street signs, in ride-sharing apps, and in casual conversation. Learning Objectives Use 左, 右, 直走, 转弯 to give turn-by-turn directions Use 从...到... to describe...
完 (wán) — finished, done, to run out
完 (wán) Most commonly used as a result complement after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed. For example, 吃完 means "finished eating," 做完 means "done with the task." It can also stand alone meaning "finished" or "over." Meanings [complement] Completion result complement: the action is finished/done. [verb] To run out, to be finished, to be over. Example Sentences 我已经做完作业了。 Wǒ yǐjīng zuò wán zuòyè le....
懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how
懂 (dǒng) 懂 means to understand in the sense of having internalized knowledge or a skill. It is used for languages, subjects, and areas of expertise. Compare with 明白 (míngbai), which means to understand a specific explanation or situation and become clear on it. Use 懂 for skills and domains; use 明白 when something "clicks" in context. Meanings [verb] To understand; to know how; to be knowledgeable about. Implies a...
买到 (mǎi dào) — to manage to buy; to successfully purchase
买到 (mǎi dào) 买到 is a verb + result complement. 买 means "to buy" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — you obtained what you were trying to buy. It highlights the successful outcome of the purchasing attempt. The negative 买不到 means "can't get / impossible to find/buy," while 没买到 means "tried but failed to buy." Meanings [v+comp] Manage to buy; successfully obtain...
告诉 (gàosu) — to tell; to inform
告诉 (gàosu) 告诉 means to tell or to inform someone of something. The structure is: 告诉 + person + content. The person told is placed directly after 告诉, and the information comes after that person. It is a double-object verb. Meanings [verb] To tell; to inform; to let someone know. Communicates a piece of information to a specific person. Example Sentences 请告诉我你的名字。 Qǐng gàosu wǒ nǐ de míngzi. Please tell...
外 (wài) — outside, beyond, other
外 (wài) A locative word meaning outside or beyond. Used to indicate physical location (outside a room, building) or figurative scope (beyond that, in addition to). The opposite is 内 (nèi, inside/interior). Meanings [noun/locative] Outside, exterior. [noun] Other, beyond, in addition to. Example Sentences 外面很冷，多穿点衣服。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, duō chuān diǎn yīfu. It is very cold outside. Wear more clothes. 请在门外等一下。 Qǐng zài mén wài děng yīxià. Please wait outside...
问题 (wèntí) — question, problem, issue
问题 (wèntí) Covers both a question someone asks and a problem or issue that needs to be addressed. In everyday speech it is one of the most versatile nouns, used in education, work, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] Question (something asked). [noun] Problem, issue, matter needing attention. Example Sentences 你有什么问题吗？ Nǐ yǒu shénme wèntí ma? Do you have any questions? 这个问题很难回答。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán huídá. This question is very...
坏 (huài) — bad, broken, spoiled
坏 (huài) 坏 means bad, broken, or spoiled. It is the opposite of 好 (hǎo). It can describe a person's character, the quality of something, or a physical object that has stopped working or gone off. Meanings [adjective] Bad, wicked (character or quality). [adjective] Broken, out of order, spoiled (physical state). Example Sentences 这个苹果坏了，不能吃。 Zhège píngguǒ huài le, bù néng chī. This apple has gone bad, you can't eat it....
题 (tí) — question, topic, problem
题 (tí) Refers to a question on a test or exam, a problem to be solved, or a topic. Counted with the measure word 道 (dào) or 个 (gè). Often seen in compound words like 问题 (question/problem) and 题目 (topic/title). Meanings [noun] Question (on a test), problem, exercise. [noun] Topic, subject. Example Sentences 这道题很难。 Zhè dào tí hěn nán. This question is very difficult. 考试有二十道题。 Kǎoshì yǒu èrshí dào tí....
其实 (qíshí) — actually, in fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 is an adverb meaning "actually" or "in fact." It typically introduces a statement that corrects a misunderstanding, reveals a truth, or contrasts with what someone assumed. It often appears at the start of a clause. Meanings [adverb] Actually, in fact (introduces a correction or revelation). Example Sentences 他看起来很严格，其实很好相处。 Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yángé, qíshí hěn hǎo xiāngchǔ. He looks very strict, but actually he is easy to...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should, ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) A modal verb expressing what is expected, appropriate, or right to do — translating as "should" or "ought to." Key contrasts: 应该 = should (moral/practical expectation), 要 = need to / going to (intention or necessity), 必须 = must (strict obligation). Meanings [modal verb] Should, ought to (expressing expectation or moral/practical appropriateness). Example Sentences 你应该早点睡觉。 Nǐ yīnggāi zǎo diǎn shuìjiào. You should go to sleep earlier. 我们应该帮助有困难的人。 Wǒmen...
啊 (a) — sentence-final particle
啊 (a) 啊 is a sentence-final particle that changes tone depending on the ending sound of the word before it, and each tone carries a distinct emotional nuance. Tonal Variants and Meanings ā (neutral/flat) Used after a vowel or nasal sound. Expresses a mild response, acknowledgment, or sudden realization. 哦，原来如此啊。 (Oh, so that's how it is.) á (rising) Expresses surprise, disbelief, or a request to repeat. 啊？你说什么？ (What? What did...
Lesson 5: Making Plans
Overview Chinese has several ways to express future plans and intentions, and choosing the right one conveys exactly how committed or certain you are. 打算 suggests a thought-out plan, 准备 implies active preparation, 要 signals a firm decision, and 会 expresses expectation or likelihood. This lesson covers all four and shows how they fit into real conversations about upcoming events. Learning Objectives Use 打算 + V to express a considered...
生气 (shēng qì) — to get angry, angry
生气 (shēng qì) Used as a verb meaning to get angry, or as a predicate adjective meaning to be angry. Often followed by 了 to show the anger has arisen, or used with 别 to tell someone not to be angry. Meanings [verb] To get angry, to become upset. [adj] Angry, upset. Example Sentences 他迟到了，老师很生气。 Tā chídào le, lǎoshī hěn shēng qì. He was late and the teacher was very...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) 打电话 is a verb-object phrase meaning "to make a phone call." 打 (to hit/do) is used with many communication and activity verbs in Chinese: 打电话 (phone call), 打篮球 (play basketball), 打招呼 (greet). The person you call is introduced with 给 (gěi): 给他打电话 (call him). Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call; to call someone. Used for initiating a telephone conversation. Example Sentences 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng...
看见 (kàn jiàn) — to see; to catch sight of
看见 (kàn jiàn) 看见 is a verb + result complement structure. 看 means "to look/watch" and 见 is the complement meaning "perceive/succeed in seeing." Together they mean the act of looking was successful — you actually saw something. Compare 看 (looking, possibly without result) with 看见 (looked and did see). The negative is 没看见 (didn't see / couldn't see). Meanings [v+comp] See; catch sight of — look and successfully perceive...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel, to think (subjectively)
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling or personal impression. It is used when your opinion comes from how something feels to you rather than from logic. Key contrast: 认为 (rènwéi) is used for reasoned, formal opinions, while 觉得 is feeling-based and personal. Meanings [verb] To feel (physically or emotionally). [verb] To think, to find (expressing a personal impression). Example Sentences 我觉得这道菜很好吃。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī. I...
快乐 (kuàilè) — happy, joyful
快乐 (kuàilè) 快乐 means happy or joyful. It describes a genuine inner feeling of happiness. It is commonly used in greetings and well wishes, such as 生日快乐 (Happy Birthday) and 新年快乐 (Happy New Year). Meanings [adjective] Happy, joyful. Example Sentences 生日快乐！ Shēngrì kuàilè! Happy birthday! 他每天都很快乐。 Tā měitiān dōu hěn kuàilè. He is happy every day. 孩子们玩得很快乐。 Háizimen wán de hěn kuàilè. The children are playing happily. 我希望你永远快乐。 Wǒ xīwàng...
Lesson 11: Home & Living
Overview Talking about where you live and what your home is like is fundamental conversation territory. This lesson covers vocabulary for rooms and household spaces, the structure for describing location within a space, and the practical vocabulary for renting, moving, and discussing living arrangements in a Chinese-speaking context. Learning Objectives Use 住在 + place to describe where you live Describe what is inside a space with 房间里有... Use room and...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible, maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility. It works as an adverb meaning "maybe" (placed before a verb or adjective) or as an adjective meaning "possible" (used with 有/没有). Both uses are common. Meanings [adverb] Maybe, possibly (modifying a verb or adjective: 可能来 "may come"). [adjective] Possible (used with 有/没有: 有可能 "there is a possibility"). Example Sentences 他可能明天来。 Tā kěnéng míngtiān lái. He may come tomorrow. 这件事有可能发生。 Zhè jiàn shì yǒu kěnéng...
只 (zhǐ) — only; just
只 (zhǐ) 只 narrows a statement to a single item, amount, or condition. It always sits before the verb or the element it restricts. Note: 只 is also a measure word for small animals (yī zhī māo — one cat), but that is a separate word with a different tone (zhī) and usage. Meanings [adv] Only; merely; just — limits quantity or scope. [adv] Used in patterns 只有…才… (only if…then…)...
后来 (hòulái) — later, afterwards
后来 (hòulái) 后来 means "later" or "afterwards" within a narrative sequence. It refers to what happened next in a story already being told. Key contrast: 以后 (yǐhòu) follows a specific time reference ("after 5 o'clock / after graduation"), while 后来 stands alone and advances the storyline. Meanings [adverb] Later, afterwards (continuing a narrative). Example Sentences 我们先吃饭，后来去看电影。 Wǒmen xiān chīfàn, hòulái qù kàn diànyǐng. We ate first, and later went to...